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antibody response against trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected rats is dose dependent.abstract: domestic pigs are the main representatives of the domestic cycle of trichinella spiralis that play a role in transmission to humans. in europe, backyard pigs of small household farms are the most important risks for humans to obtain trichinellosis. rats might play a role in the transmission of trichinella spiralis from domestic to sylvatic animals and vice versa. in order to be able to investigate the role of wild rats in the epidemiology of t. spiralis in the netherlands, we studied t ...201122129040
a possible case of caprine-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in switzerland.abstract:201122132808
Rapid determination of perv copy number from porcine genomic DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Here, we report the quantification of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) copy numbers using real time PCR. After generating standard curves using plasmid DNA, copy numbers were determined for PERV pol and for a housekeeping gene, porcine estrogen receptor2 (ER2) with the same amount of genomic DNA. Using this method, we examined 6 pig breeds in Korea including two breeds of miniature pig, one domestic pig from Jeju, and imported pig breeds, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire. All breeds showed PER ...201122132811
detection of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites in porcine bones following extended outdoor decomposition*skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (uhplc) and confirmed with gas c ...201122150755
the pig: a model for human infectious diseases.an animal model to study human infectious diseases should accurately reproduce the various aspects of disease. domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of anatomy, genetics and physiology, and represent an excellent animal model to study various microbial infectious diseases. indeed, experiments in pigs are much more likely to be predictive of therapeutic treatments in humans than experiments in rodents. in this review, we highlight the numerous advantages of ...201122153753
Evaluation of Bioabsorbable Seamguard for Staple Line Reinforcement in Stapled Rectal Anastomoses.Introduction. The concept of staple line reinforcement is a growing area of interest. This study evaluated the feasibility and effect of using bioabsorbable Seamguard (BSG) to bolster end-to-end stapled rectal anastomoses in a porcine model. Methods. Eleven female 45-kg Yucatan domestic pigs were used. Each animal served as its own control by creating a BSG and nonreinforced anastomosis using a 29-mm end-to-end anastomotic stapling device. Reinforced anastomoses were randomized to proximal and d ...201122158845
the local origin of the tibetan pig and additional insights into the origin of asian pigs.the domestic pig currently indigenous to the tibetan highlands is supposed to have been introduced during a continuous period of colonization by the ancestors of modern tibetans. however, there is no direct genetic evidence of either the local origin or exotic migration of the tibetan pig.201122163285
a genomic approach to examine the complex evolution of laurasiatherian mammals.recent phylogenomic studies have failed to conclusively resolve certain branches of the placental mammalian tree, despite the evolutionary analysis of genomic data from 32 species. previous analyses of single genes and retroposon insertion data yielded support for different phylogenetic scenarios for the most basal divergences. the results indicated that some mammalian divergences were best interpreted not as a single bifurcating tree, but as an evolutionary network. in these studies the relatio ...201122164244
[effect of ischemic postconditioning on oxidative stress and structural tissue changes in intestinal warm ischemic and autotransplantation models.]introduction/aim: our study investigated the effect of ischemic postconditioning (ipo) in intestinal warm ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) and autotransplantation models. materials and methods: warm ischemia was performed by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 1, 3 and 6 hours in white domestic pigs (n = 15). prior to 3 hours reperfusion the intestine was postconditioned by 3 cycles of 30-seconds ischemia and 30-seconds reperfusion (ipo protocol). in the cold ischemia group (n = 15) the bowel ...201122169343
Histopathological investigation in porcine infected with torque teno sus virus type 2 by inoculation.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Porcine torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is a small icosahedral and non-enveloped virus which contains a single-stranded (ssDNA), circular and negative DNA genome and infects mainly vertebrates and is currently classified into the 'floating' genus Anellovirus of Circoviridae with two species. Viral DNA of both porcine TTSuV species has a high prevalence in both healthy and diseased pigs worldwide and multiple infections of TTSuV with distinct genotypes or subtypes of the same ...201122171963
Accuracy of dynamic computed tomography adenosine stress myocardial perfusion imaging in estimating myocardial blood flow at various degrees of coronary artery stenosis using a porcine animal model.: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) dynamic stress myocardial perfusion imaging to estimate myocardial blood flow (MBF) in a porcine animal model with variable degrees of induced coronary artery stenosis in comparison with microsphere-derived MBF.201222178894
seroprevalence study in forestry workers from eastern germany using novel genotype 3- and rat hepatitis e virus-specific immunoglobulin g elisas.hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of an acute self-limiting hepatitis in humans. in industrialized countries, autochthonous cases are linked to zoonotic transmission from domestic pigs, wild boar and red deer. the main route of human infection presumably is consumption of contaminated meat. farmers, slaughterers and veterinarians are expected to be risk groups as they work close to potentially infected animals. in this study, we tested four escherichia coli-expressed segments of the ...201122179131
dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function.homo-oligomeric protein assemblies are known to participate in dynamic association/disassociation equilibria under native conditions, thus creating an equilibrium of assembly states. such quaternary structure equilibria may be influenced in a physiologically significant manner either by covalent modification or by the non-covalent binding of ligands. this review follows the evolution of ideas about homo-oligomeric equilibria through the 20th and into the 21st centuries and the relationship of th ...201122182754
compartmental analysis of renal bold mri data: introduction and validation.objectives: functional blood oxygenation level-dependent (bold) magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool to assess renal function, but bold analysis using t2* image differentiation of cortex and medulla is laborious and prone to errors. we developed and validated an alternative compartmental analysis method to differentiate renal cortical and medullary bold relaxivity index, r2*. this method uses whole-kidney regions of interest (roi), thus eliminating the need for anatomic cortical and med ...201122183077
Organization, complexity and allelic diversity of the porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) immunoglobulin lambda locus.We have characterized the organization, complexity, and expression of the porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) light chain locus, which accounts for about half of antibody light chain usage in swine, yet is nearly totally unknown. Twenty-two IGL variable (IGLV) genes were identified that belong to seven subgroups. Nine genes appear to be functional. Eight possess stop codons, frameshifts, or both, and one is missing the V-EXON. Two additional genes are missing an essential ...201122186825
the sylvatic trichinella cycle and its implications for trichinella control in germany.trichinellosis is a food-borne, zoonotic disease caused by a parasitic organism. pork containing muscle larvae represents the most important source of human trichinellosis. in germany, each slaughtered domestic swine is systematically sampled and examined for trichinella spp. european union legislation (ec (no.) 2075/2005) condones the approach of a risk-oriented meat inspection for trichinella in pigs which is accompanied by monitoring programmes for pig holdings and reservoir animals. here we ...201122191166
heritable targeted inactivation of myostatin gene in yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using engineered zinc finger nucleases.yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is one of the most important freshwater aquaculture species in china. however, its small size and lower meat yield limit its edible value. myostatin (mstn) is a negative regulator of mammalian muscle growth. but, the function of mstn in fish remains elusive. to explore roles of mstn gene in fish growth and create a strain of yellow catfish with high amount of muscle mass, we performed targeted disruption of mstn in yellow catfish using engineered zinc-fin ...201122194943
Investigating the Signal Transduction Pathways Underlying Remote Ischemic Conditioning in the Porcine Heart.BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) remains unclear. We investigated whether RIC protects the heart through the activation of the adenosine receptor and the PI3K-Akt pathway at the onset of myocardial reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Domestic pigs (27-35 kg) were subjected to in situ left anterior descending coronary artery ischemia (60 min) followed by reperfusion (180 min) a ...201122207395
improving microcirculation with therapeutic intrathoracic pressure regulation in a porcine model of hemorrhage.intrathoracic pressure regulation (ipr) has been used to treat hypotension and states of hypoperfusion by providing positive pressure ventilation during inspiration followed by augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure during expiration. this therapy augments cardiac output and lowers intracranial pressure, thereby providing greater circulation to the heart and brain. the effects of ipr on microcirculation remain unknown.201122208172
mitochondrial lineages reveal intense gene flow between iberian wild boars and south iberian pig breeds.the phylogeography of wild boars (wb) and domestic pigs (sus scrofa) has contributed important insights into where and when domestication occurred. the geographic distribution of two core haplotypes (e1a and e1c) of the main european phylogenetic clade suggests that central europe was an early domestication centre, although the complexity of the pattern does not exclude the possibility that multiple domestication events occurred in different regions. to investigate the relationships among wb and ...201222221023
interferon status and white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus in vivo.african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever that is the significant disease of domestic pigs, with high rates of mortality. asfv is double-stranded dna virus whose genes encode some proteins that are implicated in the suppression of host immune response. in this study, we have modeled in vivo infection of asfv for determination of interferon (ifn) status in infected pigs. we measured the level of ifn-α, -β and -γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed ...201122226551
challenge of pigs with classical swine fever viruses after c-strain vaccination reveals remarkably rapid protection and insights into early immunity.pre-emptive culling is becoming increasingly questioned as a means of controlling animal diseases, including classical swine fever (csf). this has prompted discussions on the use of emergency vaccination to control future csf outbreaks in domestic pigs. despite a long history of safe use in endemic areas, there is a paucity of data on aspects important to emergency strategies, such as how rapidly csfv vaccines would protect against transmission, and if this protection is equivalent for all viral ...201222235283
galectin-3 immunohistochemistry in the vomeronasal organ of the domestic pig, sus scrofa.the immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein, was studied in the vomeronasal organ (vno) of fetal, 1-day-old, and 6-month-old pigs. in all age groups, the porcine vno consisted of vomeronasal sensory epithelium (vse) located medially and non-sensory vomeronasal respiratory epithelium (vre) located laterally. in the pig, the vno epithelium increased in height with postnatal development from fetus to adult. in the vse of all stages examined, galectin-3 immuno ...201222240017
clinical results of the application of a hemoglobin spray to promote healing of chronic wounds.a new technological approach for supplying hypoxic chronic wounds with oxygen is a moist wound treatment with aqueous solutions containing tissue compatible oxygen binders. this facilitates diffusion of oxygen, necessary for the healing process, from the surroundings (room air through an open-porous wound padding) into the ulcerous tissue. a product that is still in development is a spray which contains hemoglobin obtained from domestic pigs. clinical investigations (a clinical trial, treatment ...201122242086
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 infections in wild boar (sus scrofa) in southwestern germany.samples were collected from 203 wild boars (sus scrofa) hunted in baden-wurtemburg, germany from november-january 2008 and 2009. samples from the lung and tonsil were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) type 1 (european type) and type 2 (american type). a qpcr to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-specific genome was performed on tissue homogenates including lung, tonsils, and inguinal lymph nodes. serum s ...201222247377
prevalence of antibodies to selected viral pathogens in wild boars (sus scrofa) in croatia in 2005-06 and 2009-10.we determined prevalence of antibody to selected viral pathogens important for domestic pigs and livestock in 556 wild boar (sus scrofa) sera collected during 2005-06 and 2009-10 in four counties in croatia. these counties account for an important part of the croatian commercial pig production and have a high density of wild boars. samples were tested for antibodies to porcine parvovirus (ppv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus, porcine respi ...201222247381
monitoring of african swine fever in the wild boar population of the most recent endemic area of spain.wild boars are natural hosts for african swine fever (asf). the asf virus (asfv) can persist for long periods in the environment, such as in ticks and contaminated products, which may be sources of infection for wild boar populations. african swine fever was eradicated in domestic pig populations in spain in 1995, after 35 years of significant effort. to determine whether asfv can persist in wild boar hosts after it has been eradicated from domestic pigs and to study the role of wild boar in hel ...201222248024
functional significance of the taper of vertebrate cone photoreceptors.vertebrate photoreceptors are commonly distinguished based on the shape of their outer segments: those of cones taper, whereas the ones from rods do not. the functional advantages of cone taper, a common occurrence in vertebrate retinas, remain elusive. in this study, we investigate this topic using theoretical analyses aimed at revealing structure-function relationships in photoreceptors. geometrical optics combined with spectrophotometric and morphological data are used to support the analyses ...201222250013
wild boar: an increasing concern for aujeszky's disease control in pigs?the goal of this study was describing the temporal evolution of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) contact prevalence among eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) populations under different management regimes and contact likelihoods with domestic pigs. given the recent increase in wild boar abundance throughout europe, we hypothesized that wild boar contact with adv would remain stable in time even after significant reduction of adv prevalence in domestic pigs.201222251441
iodoacetic acid, but not sodium iodate, creates an inducible swine model of photoreceptor damage.our purpose was to find a method to create a large animal model of inducible photoreceptor damage. to this end, we tested in domestic swine the efficacy of two chemical toxins, known to create photoreceptor damage in other species: iodoacetic acid (iaa) and sodium iodate (naio(3)). intravenous (iv) administration of naio(3) up to 90 mg/kg had no effect on retinal function and 110 mg/kg was lethal. iv administration of iaa (5-20 mg/kg) produced concentration-dependent changes in visual function a ...201222251455
torque teno sus virus in pigs: an emerging pathogen?the newly established family anelloviridae includes a number of viruses infecting humans (torque teno viruses) and other animal species. the ones infecting domestic swine and wild boar are nowadays named torque teno sus viruses (ttsuv), which are small circular single-stranded dna viruses highly prevalent in the pig population. so far, two genetically distinct ttsuv species are infecting swine. both ttsuvs appear to efficiently spread by vertical and horizontal transmission routes; in fact, foet ...201222252126
distribution and chemical coding pattern of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) immunoreactivity in the preoptic area of the pig.this study provides a detailed description of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) distribution and the co-localization pattern of cart and gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh), somatostatin (som), neuropeptide y (npy), cholecystokinin (cck), and substance p (sp) in the preoptic area (poa) of the domestic pig. the poa displays a low density of immunoreactive cells and rich immunoreactivity for cart in fibers. cart-immunoreactive (cart-ir) cell bodies were single and faintly s ...201122252754
developing implantable neuroprosthetics: a new model in pig.a new model has been established in the domestic pig for neural prosthetic device development and testing. to this end, we report on a complete neural prosthetic developmental system using a wireless sensor as the implant, a pig as the animal model, and a novel data acquisition paradigm for actuator control. a new type of stereotactic frame with clinically-inspired fixations pins that place the pig brain in standard surgical plane was developed and tested with success during the implantation of ...201122254977
magnetic resonance imaging of the neonatal piglet brain.introduction:appeal for the domestic pig as a preclinical model for neurodevelopmental research is increasing. one limitation, however, is lack of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) methods for brain volume quantification in the neonatal piglet. the purpose of this study was to develop and validate mri methods for estimating brain volume in piglets.results:the results showed that mri and manual segmentation reliably estimated the changes in volume of different brain regions in 2- and 5-wk-old pigl ...201222258129
use of a modified chitosan-dextran gel to prevent peritoneal adhesions in a porcine hemicolectomy model.background: the prevention of peritoneal adhesions following abdominal surgery remains an ongoing challenge, with the ideal product for adhesion reduction still elusive. this study examines the outcome of application of a modified chitosan-dextran (cd) gel within the intraperitoneal cavity of a porcine model to assess its effect on adhesion formation. this is a unique synthetic gel, its active ingredients being succinyl chitosan and dextran aldehyde. materials and methods: twenty female domestic ...201122261595
detection and molecular characterization of suid herpesvirus type 1 in austrian wild boar and hunting dogs.aujeszky's disease (ad), caused by suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1), is an economically important disease in domestic swine. thus, rigorous control programmes have been implemented and consecutively ad in domestic swine was successfully eradicated in many countries, including austria. however, suhv-1 continues to thrive in wild boar populations, as indicated by high seroprevalences in a number of european countries and by occasional cases of ad in hunting dogs. for the first time, suhv-1 was det ...201122264387
cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the pig (sus scrofa) c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein-5 gene.autosomal dominant early-onset long anterior zonules (lazs) and late-onset retinal degeneration (l-ord) in humans are associated with the s163r mutation of the complement 1q-tumor necrosis factor related protein-5 (ctrp5) gene. for using the pig as an l-ord model for the study of pathology, we cloned, characterized, and studied the expression profile of pig ctrp5 (pctrp5).201222275800
high-powered microwave ablation with a small-gauge, gas-cooled antenna: initial ex vivo and in vivo results.to evaluate the performance of a gas-cooled, high-powered microwave system.201222277272
a comparative study of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in experimentally infected pigs.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) are opportunistic pathogens that may infect several species, including humans and pigs. mah is however more frequently isolated from pigs than maa, and it is unclear if this is due to difference in virulence or in exposure to the two organisms. clinical isolates of each subspecies were administered perorally to ten domestic pigs, respectively. the animals were sacrificed at six and 12 weeks after inoculation. ...201222284630
early myocardial injury is an integral component of experimental acute liver failure - a study in two porcine models.there is accumulating clinical evidence that acute liver failure may be regularly associated with myocardial injury. to test this hypothesis in a standardized experimental setting, we used two porcine models of alf.201122291759
detection of natural inter- and intra-genotype recombination events revealed by cap gene analysis and decreasing prevalence of pcv2 in wild boars.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of a number of pcvad (porcine circovirus associated diseases), is ubiquitous in domestic pig and wild boar populations. in the present study, using recombination detection program, phylogenetic analysis and base-by-base comparison of 28 pcv2 orf2s (capsid protein coding gene) from wild boars and 8 from domestic pigs of transylvania, recent natural intra- (pcv2b-1b/pcv2b-1c) and inter-genotype (pcv2a-2d/pcv2b-1c) recombination events were dete ...201222293465
inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia with a novel zotarolimus coated balloon catheter.non stent based delivery of antiproliferative agents using drug coated balloon catheters may offer additional flexibility and efficacy in a broad range of applications. the lipophilic antiproliferative drug zotarolimus makes it a potential candidate for balloon delivery. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a prototype zotarolimus coated balloon (zcb) catheter in comparison to a zotarolimus eluting stent (zes) in the porcine coronary overstretch model.201222293991
identification and characterization of h2n3 avian influenza virus from backyard poultry and comparison with novel h2n3 swine influenza virus.in early 2007, h2n3 influenza virus was isolated from a duck and a chicken in two separate poultry flocks in ohio. since the same subtype influenza virus with hemagglutinin (h) and neuraminidase (n) genes of avian lineage was also identified in a swine herd in missouri in 2006, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare the genetic, antigenic, and biologic properties of the avian and swine isolates. avian isolates were low pathogenic by in vivo chicken pathogenicity testing. seq ...201122312981
honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of misiones, argentina.honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of misiones, argentina. medicinal mixtures are an underinvestigated issue in ethnomedical literature concerning misiones, one of the most bioculturally diverse province of argentina. the new culturally sensitive politics of the provincial health system is a response to cultural practices based on the medicinal use of plant and animal products in the home medicine of the local population. honey-based medicinal formulas were in ...201222315632
epidemiological significance of the domestic black pig (sus scrofa) in maintenance of bovine tuberculosis in sicily.bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an emerging disease among wild animals in many parts of the world. wildlife reservoir hosts may thus represent a potential source of infection for livestock and humans. we investigated the role played by the sicilian black pig, an autochthonous free- or semi-free-ranging domestic pig breed, as a potential source of btb infection in an area where btb prevalence in cattle is high. we initially performed a preliminary field study to assess the occurrence of btb in such ...201222322347
epicardial ablation on the beating heart: limited efficacy of a novel, cooled radiofrequency ablation device.objective: to perform a minimally invasive procedure for atrial fibrillation without cardiopulmonary bypass, it is necessary to create transmural lesions on the beating heart. although bipolar radiofrequency clamps can isolate the pulmonary veins, they have difficulty in performing any other left atrial lesions, particularly those of the traditional cox-maze procedure. this study examined the performance of an internally cooled, bipolar radiofrequency device designed for such an application. met ...200922323899
surgical porcine myocardial infarction model through permanent coronary occlusion.using domestic pigs as an animal model, we here validated a reproducible and standardized myocardial infarction (mi) surgical model, to achieve the largest possible infarct extent with the lowest morbidity and mortality. to this end, we included several anesthetic and perisurgical precautions to minimize surgical complications. mortality and morbidity rates were compared among groups of pigs that underwent permanent occlusion at different locations of either the left circumflex or left anterior ...022330353
[serological detection of emerging viral infections in wild boars from different hunting regions of southern germany].wild boars represent a possible virus reservoir for notifiable diseases of farm animals, including aujeszky's disease (ad) and classical swine fever (csf). monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the wild boar population is especially relevant in countries that are officially free from these diseases. apart from oie-notifiable diseases, other viral agents that are widely distributed and play a significant role in farm animals, such as the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viru ...201222331288
first time molecular detection and phylogenetic relationships of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in domestic pigs in uganda: further evidence for a global distribution.torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1) and 2 (ttsuv2) are small, single-stranded circular dna viruses belonging to the anelloviridae family. available studies clearly show that both viruses are widely distributed in the pig populations in america, europe and asia, although the impact of the infection is still unclear. currently, the situation in domestic pig populations on the african continent is not known. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible presence of the two viruses i ...201222336096
non-cholinergic intervention of sarin nerve agent poisoning.the protective effects of selected anesthetic regimens on sarin (gb) were investigated in domestic swine. at 30% oxygen, the toxicity of this agent in isoflurane anesthetized animals (ld(50)=10.1μg/kg) was similar to literature sited values in awake swine (ld(50)=11.8μg/kg) and slightly higher than that of both ketamine (ld(50)=15.6μg/kg) and propofol (ld(50)=15.3μg/kg) anesthetized swine. use of 100% oxygen in ketamine anesthetized animals resulted in three-fold protective effects compared to 3 ...201222343375
linkage haplotype for allotypic variants of porcine iga and igg subclass genes.six putative subclasses of expressed porcine igg have been described from gene sequences and allotypic variants for five of these have been proposed. we tested this hypothesis by studying the transcription of these 11 variants in outbred hemizygous farm pigs. since cγ subclass genes are closely linked, they are most likely inherited as a haplotype. since hemizygous pigs can only express genes encoded on one chromosome, identifying the expressed genes can indicate which allelic variants are linke ...201222350166
characterization of a novel porcine enterovirus in wild boars in hungary.porcine enteroviruses (pevs) are members of the family picornaviridae, genus enterovirus. until now, only three different pev genotypes (pev-9 and -10, and pev-3h/pev-14) have been detected in domestic pigs, and there is no information about the presence of pevs in wild animals. here, we identify and characterize the complete genomes of pev originated from 5 of 10 (50%) of wild boar (sus scrofa) piglets by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. wild boar/wbd/2011/hun (jn807387) pev showed only 67% amino aci ...201222350652
methylation characteristics and developmental potential of guangxi bama minipig (sus scrofa domestica) cloned embryos from donor cells treated with trichostatin a and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.summary reprogramming of dna methylation in somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) embryos is incomplete, and aberrant dna methylation patterns are related to the inefficiency of scnt. to facilitate nuclear reprogramming, this study investigated the effect of treating guangxi bama minipig donor cells with trichostatin a (tsa), 5-aza-2'-deoxycytine (5-aza-dc), or combination of tsa and 5-aza-dc prior to nuclear transfer. analyses showed that there were no major changes in cell-cycle status among al ...201322355002
solexa sequencing identification of conserved and novel micrornas in backfat of large white and chinese meishan pigs.the domestic pig (sus scrofa), an important species in animal production industry, is a right model for studying adipogenesis and fat deposition. in order to expand the repertoire of porcine mirnas and further explore potential regulatory mirnas which have influence on adipogenesis, high-throughput solexa sequencing approach was adopted to identify mirnas in backfat of large white (lean type pig) and meishan pigs (chinese indigenous fatty pig). we identified 215 unique mirnas comprising 75 known ...201222355364
disease severity declines over time after a wild boar population has been affected by classical swine fever--legend or actual epidemiological process?classical swine fever (csf) is a severe multi-systemic disease that can affect both domestic pigs and wild boar. past outbreaks in european wild boar involved high-virulent csf virus (csfv) strains and were mostly self-limiting. in these cases, morbidity and mortality rates were high in the affected regions. in contrast, endemic infections have been observed in several european wild boar populations in recent decades. morbidity and mortality rates were much lower despite the fact that outbreaks ...201222361000
mri of auto-transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem-progenitor cells for potential repair of injured arteries.this study was to validate the feasibility of using clinical 3.0t mri to monitor the migration of autotransplanted bone marrow (bm)-derived stem-progenitor cells (spc) to the injured arteries of near-human sized swine for potential cell-based arterial repair.201222363566
the importance of craniofacial sutures in biomechanical finite element models of the domestic pig.craniofacial sutures are a ubiquitous feature of the vertebrate skull. previous experimental work has shown that bone strain magnitudes and orientations often vary when moving from one bone to another, across a craniofacial suture. this has led to the hypothesis that craniofacial sutures act to modify the strain environment of the skull, possibly as a mode of dissipating high stresses generated during feeding or impact. this study tests the hypothesis that the introduction of craniofacial suture ...201222363727
pathology of porcine peripheral white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus.african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever (asf) that is the significant disease of domestic pigs. several studies showed that asfv can influence on porcine blood cells in vitro. thus, we asked ourselves whether asfv infection results in changes in porcine blood cells in vivo. a series of experiments were performed in order to investigate the effects of asfv infection on porcine peripheral white blood cells. nine pigs were inoculated by intramuscular injection ...201222373449
restored pb1-f2 in the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus has minimal effects in swine.pb1-f2 is an 87- to 90-amino-acid-long protein expressed by certain influenza a viruses. previous studies have shown that pb1-f2 contributes to virulence in the mouse model; however, its role in natural hosts-pigs, humans, or birds-remains largely unknown. outbreaks of domestic pigs infected with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus (ph1n1) have been detected worldwide. unlike previous pandemic strains, ph1n1 viruses do not encode a functional pb1-f2 due to the presence of three stop codons re ...201222379102
simulation of robotic hysterectomy utilizing the porcine model.this article describes the simulation of robotically assisted hysterectomy utilizing the porcine model.201222381262
interaction of the conceptus and endometrium to establish pregnancy in mammals: role of interleukin 1β.implantation and the establishment of pregnancy in mammals involves an intricate interplay of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, ions and the extracellular matrix between the uterine epithelium, stroma, immune cells and the conceptus trophectoderm. the divergent nature of implantation in the mouse, human and pig provides not only an interesting contrast in the establishment of pregnancy and early embryonic development but also intriguing similarities with regard to early endo ...201222382391
exploring channeling optimized radiofrequency energy: a review of radiofrequency history and applications in esthetic fields.because of its high efficiency and safety, radiofrequency (rf) energy is widely used in the dermatological field for heating biological tissue in various esthetic applications, including skin tightening, skin lifting, body contouring, and cellulite reduction. this paper reviews the literature on the use of nonablative rf energy in the esthetic field and its scientific background. the purpose of this article is to describe in detail the extensive use of medical devices based on rf technology, the ...201222382873
β-adrenergic agonist infusion during extracorporeal lung perfusion: effects on glucose concentration in the perfusion fluid and on lung function.we recently showed in a pig model of ex vivo lung perfusion (evlp) that lung edema correlates with glucose consumption. we investigated whether salbutamol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist known to upregulate fluid transport in the lung, modulates glucose concentration in the perfusate during evlp.201222386450
in vivo dynamic compressive stresses in the disc annulus: a pilot study of bilateral differences due to hemiepiphyseal implant in a quadruped model.in vivo biomechanical study in quadruped model.201222391442
pig bone marrow-derived macrophages resemble human macrophages in their response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) grown in m-csf (csf-1) have been used widely in studies of macrophage biology and the response to tlr agonists. we investigated whether similar cells could be derived from the domestic pig using human rcsf-1 and whether porcine macrophages might represent a better model of human macrophage biology. cultivation of pig bone marrow cells for 5-7 d in presence of human rcsf-1 generated a pure population of bmdm that expressed the usual macrophage markers ...201222393154
comparative [corrected] codon usage between the three main viruses in pestivirus genus and their natural susceptible livestock.classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus can cause serious livestock diseases. the relative synonymous codon usage value, the "effective number of codons" (enc), the ratio of k(s) value to k(a) value and the principle component analysis were employed to analyze the genetic characteristics of open reading frame (orf) and the four genes (the n(pro), erns, e1, e2 genes) of the three viruses and the relationship of codon usage pattern between each vir ...201222395914
a comparison of biocompatibility and osseointegration of ceramic and titanium implants: an in vivo and in vitro study.this study compared the biocompatibility in vitro and the osseointegration in vivo of zirconium and titanium implants regarding implant surfaces and the bone-implant contacts. the different implant surfaces and the biocompatibility of zirconium versus titanium implants were determined by vitality and cytotoxic tests in vitro. the contact of the osteoblasts to the implant surface was determined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). the in vivo study for osseointegration was performed in domestic ...201222406235
analysis of biomarkers characteristic of porcine liver injury--from biomolecular logic gates to an animal model.a biocatalytic cascade for the analysis of the simultaneous increase in the concentration of two biomarkers characteristic of liver injury (alanine transaminase, alt, and lactate dehydrogenase, ldh) was tested on real samples acquired from an animal model (domestic pigs, sus scrofa domesticus) suffering from traumatic liver injury. a two-step reaction biocatalyzed in the presence of both enzyme-biomarkers resulted in the oxidation of nadh followed by optical absorbance measurements. a simple qua ...201222407106
development of a microsatellite-based method for the differentiation of european wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa) from domestic pig breeds (sus scrofa domestica) in food.twenty microsatellites (simple sequence repeats, ssr) were used to discriminate wild boar from domestic pig and to identify mixtures of the two. reference groups of wild boar and pig samples were collected from the uk and europe for genetic assignment tests. bayesian analysis of populations software (baps) gave 100% correct assignment for blind wild boar and pig samples and correctly identified mixed samples. dna was extracted from 12 commercial food samples (11 labeled as containing wild boar) ...201222409233
involvement of complexin 2 in docking, locking and unlocking of different snare complexes during sperm capacitation and induced acrosomal exocytosis.acrosomal exocytosis (ae) is an intracellular multipoint fusion reaction of the sperm plasma membrane (pm) with the outer acrosomal membrane (oam). this unique exocytotic event enables the penetration of the sperm through the zona pellucida of the oocyte. we previously observed a stable docking of oam to the pm brought about by the formation of the trans-snare complex (syntaxin 1b, snap 23 and vamp 3). by using electron microscopy, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques in combination ...201222412896
coronary versus carotid blood flow and coronary perfusion pressure in a pig model of prolonged cardiac arrest treated by different modes of venoarterial ecmo and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation.extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is increasingly used in cardiac arrest (ca). adequacy of carotid and coronary blood flows (cabf, cobf) and coronary perfusion pressure (copp) in ecmo treated ca is not well established. this study compares femoro-femoral (ff) to femoro-subclavian (fs) ecmo and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (iabp) contribution based on cabf, cobf, copp, myocardial and brain oxygenation in experimental ca managed by ecmo.201222424292
molecular epidemiology of brucella abortus isolates from cattle, elk, and bison in the united states, 1998 to 2011.a variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) protocol targeting 10 loci in the brucella abortus genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 366 field isolates recovered from cattle, bison, and elk in the greater yellowstone area (gya) and texas during 1998 to 2011. minimum spanning tree (mst) and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) analyses of vntr data identified 237 different vntr types, among which 14 prominent clusters of isolates could be identified. cattle isolates fr ...201222427502
trapping as an alternative method of eradicating classical swine fever in a wild boar population in bulgaria.between august and november 2009, eight cases of classical swine fever (csf) occurred in young wild boar in a 25-km2 oak forest3 km south of the river danube in the north-eastern part of bulgaria. the wild boar population within the affected area was estimated to be 156 animals, or approximately six boar per km2. to control and eradicate the disease, and in addition to vaccination and hunting, trapping was used to reduce the boar population to below two animals per km2. in total, 124 wild boar w ...201122435201
beating heart aortic valve replacement using real-time mri guidance.: the principal limitations of percutaneous techniques to replace the aortic valve are detailed visualization and durable prostheses. we report the feasibility of using real-time magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to provide precise anatomic detail and visual feedback to implant a proven bioprosthesis.200722436922
identification of three new type-specific antigen epitopes in the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 1.porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) has been identified as a contaminant of porcine kidney cell line (pk-15). serological evidence and genetic studies have suggested that pcv1 is widespread in domestic pigs. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies (pabs) were generated against a recombinant pcv1 cap protein (pcv1-cap), which was expressed using the baculovirus system. pepscan analysis was used to identify epitopes on the pcv1-cap with mabs and pabs. three linear b-cell ...201222437253
performance of a novel dual-electrode bipolar radiofrequency ablation device: a chronic porcine study.: over recent years, a variety of energy sources, including bipolar radiofrequency, have been used to replace the traditional incisions of the cox-maze procedure for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (af). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel dual-electrode bipolar radiofrequency ablation device synergy (atricure, inc., cincinnati, oh usa) for af in a chronic porcine model.201122437797
porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview.the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of pigs as a biomedical model for humans. the usefulness and limitations of porcine models have been discussed in terms of metabolic, cardiovascular, digestive and bone diseases in humans. domestic pigs and minipigs are the main categories of pigs used as biomedical models. one drawback of minipigs is that they are in short supply and expensive compared with domestic pigs, which in contrast cost more to house, feed and medicate ...201022444262
identification of mitochondrial markers for genetic traceability of european wild boars and iberian and duroc pigs.iberian pigs and wild boars are the source of highly priced meat and dry-cured products. iberian maternal origin is mandatory for labeled iberian products, making necessary the authentication of their maternal breed origin. discrimination between wild and domestic pig maternal origin may be useful to distinguish labeled wild boar meat obtained from hunting or farming. in order to detect useful polymorphisms to trace iberian, duroc and wild boar maternal lineages, we herein investigated the compl ...200922444897
no apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs.the effects of continuing spatial restraint were examined in domestic pigs. for this purpose, the animals (german landrace barrows) were housed individually in metabolic cages (12 animals) and, as controls, in single pens (six animals). in six replications with two experimental animals and one control animal, we collected saliva each morning (0730 h) for the cortisol analysis, recorded the behaviour and the heart beat for 3 h/day (0800 to 0900 h, 1100 to 1200 h, 1400 to 1500 h). each replication ...201122445410
female sex is not associated with improved rates of rosc or short term survival following prolonged porcine ventricular fibrillation.there may be a survival benefit in female patients experiencing cardiac arrest, which could affect the interpretation of in vivo animal studies. we hypothesized that sex predicts return of spontaneous circulation (rosc) and short-term survival (surv) in porcine studies of prolonged ventricular fibrillation (vf).201222445866
biofunctionalization of the implant surface with different concentrations of a synthetic peptide (p-15).this study aimed at identifying the ideal concentration of a biofunctional surface coating of dental implants with a synthetic peptide (p-15). in a previous study, p-15 was shown to enhance osseointegration parameters.201322458517
δ18o values of sus scrofa blood water and bone phosphate; a marked discrepancy between domestic and wild specimens.δ¹⁸o analyses of water in the blood of domestic and wild pigs indicated that large isotopic differences exist between domestic and wild specimens of the same species (sus scrofa) living in the same area. similar isotopic differences are found between the δ¹⁸o(po₄³⁻) values of bones from the two groups of animals. when δ¹⁸o values obtained from recent wild boar bones are introduced in the equation of the isotopic scale determined for domestic pigs, totally unreliable δ¹⁸o values of local meteoric ...201122468328
totally stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis using hybrid notes: single 12-mm trocar approach in a porcine model.the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a totally stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis performed using one transabdominal 12-mm trocar and a gastroscope in a porcine model.201222476830
the validation of a functional, isolated pig bladder model for physiological experimentation.characterizing the integrative physiology of the bladder requires whole organ preparations. the purpose of this study was to validate an isolated large animal (pig) bladder preparation, through arterial and intravesical drug administration, intravesical pressure recording, and filming of surface micromotions. female pig bladders were obtained from the local abattoir and arterially perfused in vitro. arterial and intravesical pressures were recorded at varying volumes. bladder viability was asses ...201222479248
improved cerebral perfusion pressures and 24-hr neurological survival in a porcine model of cardiac arrest with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure.generation of negative intrathoracic pressure during the decompression phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation enhances the refilling of the heart. we tested the hypothesis that when compared with closed-chest manual compressions at 80 chest compressions per min, treatment with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 80 chest compressions/min combined with augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure would lower intracranial pressure and increase cerebral perfusion, t ...201222487997
[the development of a type ii endoleak domesticated pig model with continuous pressure monitor].to develop a type ii endoleak porcine model with continuous pressure monitor by the strain-gauge pressure transducer and the patch.201222490355
house infestation dynamics and feeding sources of triatoma dimidiata in central veracruz, mexico.chagas disease is endemic in the state of veracruz, mexico, and we investigated here the dynamics of house infestation by chagas disease vectors to understand disease transmission and design effective control interventions. bug collections in 42 rural villages confirmed the widespread distribution of triatoma dimidiata in central veracruz. unexpectedly, collection data further indicated a clear pattern of seasonal infestation by mostly adult bugs. analysis of feeding sources with a polymerase ch ...022492153
a serosurvey for brucella suis, classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and pseudorabies virus in feral swine (sus scrofa) of eastern north carolina.as feral swine (sus scrofa) populations expand their range and the opportunity for feral swine hunting increases, there is increased potential for disease transmission that may impact humans, domestic swine, and wildlife. from september 2007 to march 2010, in 13 north carolina, usa, counties and at howell woods environmental learning center, we conducted a serosurvey of feral swine for brucella suis, pseudorabies virus (prv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); the samples obtained at howell ...201222493123
culex annulirostris (diptera: culicidae) host feeding patterns and japanese encephalitis virus ecology in northern australia.japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission in northern australia has, in the past, been facilitated by culex annulirostris skuse feeding on domestic pigs, the primary amplifying hosts of the virus. to further characterize mosquito feeding behavior in northern australia, 1,128 bloodmeals from cx. annulirostris were analyzed using a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. overall, cx. annulirostris obtained > 94% of blood meals from mammals, comprising marsupials (37%), pigs (20%), ...201222493857
differential limb loading in miniature pigs (sus scrofa domesticus): a test of chondral modeling theory.variation in mechanical loading is known to influence chondrogenesis during joint formation. however, the interaction among chondrocyte behavior and variation in activity patterns is incompletely understood, hindering our knowledge of limb ontogeny and function. here, the role of endurance exercise in the development of articular and physeal cartilage in the humeral head was examined in 14 miniature swine (sus scrofa domesticus). one group was subjected to graded treadmill running over a period ...022496283
cloning and expression of porcine dicer and the impact of developmental stage and culture conditions on microrna expression in porcine embryos.microrna (mirna) is a class of small, single-stranded ribonucleic acids that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are involved in somatic cell, germ cell, and embryonic development. as the enzyme responsible for producing mature mirna, dicer is crucial to mirna production. characterization of dicer and its expression at the nucleotide level, as well as the identification of mirna expression in reproductive tissues, have yet to be reported for the domestic pig (sus scrofa), a speci ...201222498362
experimental infection of wild boar and domestic pigs with a foot and mouth disease virus strain detected in the southeast of bulgaria in december of 2010.foot and mouth disease (fmd) was detected in a wild boar in southeastern bulgaria in december 2010. the occurrence and spread of the disease in wild cloven-hoofed animals may pose an unexpected and significant threat to fmd virus (fmdv)-free areas within and outside the european union. so far, only one well documented experimental infection with fmd in wild boar has been published. in order to obtain more epidemiologically relevant data regarding the disease in wild boar we conducted an experime ...201222503391
prevalence of and risk factors associated with viral and bacterial pathogens in farmed european wild boar.the aim of this study was to estimate in farmed european wild boars the prevalence of and risk factors associated with a range of common porcine viral and bacterial infections, namely, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), coronavirus causing transmissible gastroenteritis (tgev), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), m ...201222516920
ischemic postconditioning at the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation facilitates functional cardiac and cerebral recovery after prolonged untreated ventricular fibrillation.ischemic postconditioning (pc) with "stuttering" reintroduction of blood flow after prolonged ischemia has been shown to offer protection from ischemia reperfusion injury to the myocardium and brain. we hypothesized that four 20-s pauses during the first 3 min of standard cpr would improve post resuscitation cardiac and neurological function, in a porcine model of prolonged untreated cardiac arrest.201222521449
empyema in spinal canal in thoracic region, abscesses in paravertebral space, spondylitis: in clinical course of zoonosis erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.erysipelas is an animal disease caused by gram-positive bacteria erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. among the domestic animals, domestic pig (sus scrofa f. domestica) suffers most frequently from the disease in human environment. this is a typical animal-borne disease observed mainly in occupational groups employed in agriculture, farming (of animals and birds), fishing and manufacturing industry.201222526696
efficiency of spatio-temporal vaccination regimes in wildlife populations under different viral constraints.classical swine fever (csf) is considered an endemic disease in european wild boar populations. in view of the high economic impact of the introduction of the virus into domestic pig units, huge efforts are invested in the preventive control of csf in wild boar populations. recent european community guidelines favour oral mass vaccination against csf in wild boar populations. the guidelines are explicit on the temporal structure of the vaccination protocol, but little is known about the efficacy ...201222530786
prevalence and transmission of hepatitis e virus in domestic swine populations in different european countries.hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 and 4 can cause liver disease in human and has its main reservoir in pigs. hev investigations in pigs worldwide have been performed but there is still a lack of information on the infection dynamics in pig populations.201222534364
dna extraction from skins of wild (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and pecari tajacu) and domestic (sus scrofa domestica) species using a novel protocol.sometimes, commercial products obtained from wild animals are sold as if they were from domestic animals and vice versa. at this point of the productive chain, legal control of possible wildlife products is difficult. common in the commerce of northern argentina, skins of two wild species, the carpincho and the collared peccary, look very similar to each other and to those of the domestic pig; it is extremely difficult to differentiate them after they have been tanned. because there was no an ad ...201222535403
glycocalyx characterisation and glycoprotein expression of sus domesticus epididymal sperm surface samples.the sperm surface is covered with a dense coating of carbohydrate-rich molecules. many of these molecules are involved in the acquisition of fertilising ability. in the present study, eight lectins (i.e. arachis hypogae (peanut) agglutinin (pna), lens culimaris (lentil) agglutinin-a (lca), pisum sativum (pea) agglutin (psa), triticum vulgari (wheat) germ agglutinin (wga), helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean) leucoagglutinin (pha-l), glycine max (soybean) agglutini ...201222541550
genetic architecture of body size in mammals.much of the heritability for human stature is caused by mutations of small-to-medium effect. this is because detrimental pleiotropy restricts large-effect mutations to very low frequencies.022546202
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