Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| application of recombinant cryptosporidium parvum p23 for isolation and prevention. | cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian protozoan that causes diarrhea in immunocompromised humans and newborn animals. billions of oocysts of c. parvum can be released from the infected calves and can contaminate the environment. the severity of the disease depends on the immunological status of the individual. oocysts of cryptosporidium are extremely resistant to many environmental stresses, and no effective disinfectant and curative agent against this organism is available. in our study, recomb ... | 2014 | 24154594 |
| fate of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts within soil, water, and plant environment. | vegetative filter strips (vfs) have long been used to control the movement of agricultural nutrients and prevent them from reaching receiving waters. earlier studies have shown that vfs also dramatically reduce both the kinetics and extent of cryptosporidium parvum (c. parvum) oocysts overland transport. in this study, we investigated possible mechanisms responsible for the ability of vfs to reduce oocyst overland transport. measurement of the kinetics of c. parvum adhesion to individual sand, s ... | 2013 | 24157412 |
| development of a diagnostic kit to detect cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia. | this study aims to develop a high-sensitivity antibody diagnostic kit that will enable a rapid and accurate detection of cryptospofidium parvum and giardia lamblia in patients with diarrhea. | 2013 | 24159546 |
| age-related detection and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium suis and cryptosporidium scrofarum in pre- and post-weaned piglets and adult pigs in japan. | we investigated the distribution of cryptosporidium in pigs in japan by immunofluorescence staining of fecal samples and characterization of isolates by multilocus sequencing. the 344 animals sampled on eight farms included pre-weaned piglets (<1 month old; n = 55), weaned piglets (1-2 months old; n = 65), finished pigs (2-4 months old, n = 105) and of 4-6 months old (n = 67), sows (n = 36), and boars (n = 16). average prevalence of cryptosporidium on farms was 32.6%, ranging from 4.9 to 58.1%, ... | 2014 | 24189974 |
| [demonstration of cryptosporidium parvum in immune suppressed rats using nested pcr]. | in the present study, the aim is to demonstrate cryptosporidium parvum 18s small-subunit rrna gene, in lung and stool samples of immune suppressed rats. this gene region is specific for cryptosporidium spp. and thus can be used in humans for routine diagnostic procedures. | 2013 | 24192616 |
| metabolomic profiling of faecal extracts from cryptosporidium parvum infection in experimental mouse models. | cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals caused by infection with the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium. in healthy individuals, the disease manifests mainly as acute self-limiting diarrhoea, but may be chronic and life threatening for those with compromised immune systems. control and treatment of the disease is challenged by the lack of sensitive diagnostic tools and broad-spectrum chemotherapy. metabolomics, or metabolite profiling, is an emerging field of study, ... | 2013 | 24204976 |
| prevalence of isosporiasis in relation to cd4 cell counts among hiv-infected patients with diarrhea in odisha, india. | to determine the prevalence of isospora belli and its correlation with cd4+ cell counts in hiv-positive patients with diarrhea in this region. | 2013 | 24223376 |
| quantitative dielectrophoretic tracking for characterization and separation of persistent subpopulations of cryptosporidium parvum. | microbial persistence to antibiotics is attributed to subpopulations with phenotypic variations that cause a spread of susceptibility levels, leading to the recurrence of infections and stability of biofilms. herein, persistent oocyst subpopulations identified by animal infectivity and excystation assays during the disinfection of cryptosporidium parvum, a water-borne pathogen capable of causing enteric infections at ultra-low doses, are separated and characterized by quantitative dielectrophore ... | 2014 | 24225592 |
| molecular detection of cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes from northeast thailand. | the objectives of this study were to determine the individual and herd-level prevalence and genotype of cryptosporidium and to identify putative risk factors associated with cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes in northeast thailand. fecal samples from 600 water buffaloes of 287 farms in six provinces were collected and tested using dmso-modified acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction. the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium infections in buffaloes was 5.7 and 8.7% amon ... | 2014 | 24233462 |
| new cryptosporidium parvum subtypes of iia subfamily in dairy calves from brazil. | bovine cryptosporidiosis is mainly caused by four distinct species: cryptosporidium parvum, c. bovis, c. ryanae and c. andersoni. the first, c. parvum, is a major concern in livestock causing economic losses, in addition to public health impact because of its zoonotic characteristics. the present study aimed to determine the occurrence of different species and subtypes of cryptosporidium using molecular techniques. a total of 143 fecal samples were collected from calves from three dairy farms lo ... | 2014 | 24239750 |
| molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples of individuals in mongolia. | the giardia and cryptosporidium species are widespread and frequent diarrhea-related parasites affecting humans and other mammalian species. the prevalence of these parasites in mongolia is currently unknown. therefore, we performed molecular analyses of g. duodenalis and c. parvum in stool samples from 138 patients hospitalized with diarrhea in mongolia using nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 5 (3.62%) and 7 (5.07%) fecal samples were positive for g. duodenalis and c. parvum, r ... | 2014 | 24249428 |
| cryptosporidiosis in haiti: surprisingly low level of species diversity revealed by molecular characterization of cryptosporidium oocysts from surface water and groundwater. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium sp. has emerged as one of the most important water contaminants, causing waterborne outbreaks of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. in haiti, cryptosporidiosis is a frequent cause of diarrhoea in children under the age of five years, hiv-infected individuals, and people living in low socioeconomic conditions, mainly due to the consumption of water or food polluted by cryptosporidium oocysts. the aim of this study was to detect and identify cryptosporidium oocys ... | 2013 | 24252814 |
| comparative study between the effect of nitazoxanide and paromomycine in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in hospitalized children. | ninety children infected with cryptosporidium parvum attending al-azhar university teaching hospital (assuit) were chosen (60 males & 30 females) with age range from 6 months to ten years. the patients were divided into two groups of 45 patients for each (g1 & g2). all patients suffered from chronic diarrhea for more than fifteen days. cross-matched 45 children suffering from chronic diarrhea were used as a control group (g3). stool samples were collected and examined for detection of cryptospor ... | 2013 | 24260825 |
| amelioration of cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro and in vivo by targeting parasite fatty acyl-coenzyme a synthetases. | cryptosporidium is emerging as 1 of the 4 leading diarrheal pathogens in children in developing countries. its infections in patients with aids can be fatal, whereas fully effective treatments are unavailable. the major goal of this study is to explore parasite fatty acyl-coenzyme a synthetase (acs) as a novel drug target. | 2014 | 24273180 |
| dendritic cells play a role in host susceptibility to cryptosporidium parvum infection. | our previous studies have described dendritic cells (dcs) to be important sources of th1 cytokines such as il-12 and il-2 in vitro, following stimulation with cryptosporidium parvum antigens. we further established the role of dcs during cryptosporidiosis using a diphtheria toxin promoter regulated transgenic cd11c-dtr/egfp mouse model. in vivo depletion of cd11c(+) cells in cd11c-dtr-tg mice significantly increased susceptibility to c. parvum infection. adoptive transfer of unstimulated or anti ... | 2014 | 24295591 |
| second outbreak of infection with a rare cryptosporidium parvum genotype in schoolchildren associated with contact with lambs/goat kids at a holiday farm in norway. | in march 2012, a second outbreak of cryptosporidium parvum affected children following a stay at a holiday farm in norway; the first outbreak occurred in 2009. we studied a cohort of 145 schoolchildren who had visited the farm, of which 40 (28%) were cases. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in faecal samples from humans, goat kids and lambs. molecular studies revealed c. parvum subtype iia a19g1r1 in all samples including human samples from the 2009 outbreak. a dose-response relationship was ... | 2014 | 24308502 |
| highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelles in anaerobic parasitic protozoa. | the mitochondria have arisen as a consequence of endosymbiosis of an ancestral α-proteobacterium with a methane-producing archae. the main function of the canonical aerobic mitochondria include atp generation via oxidative phosphorylation, heme and phospholipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, programmed cell death, and the formation of iron-sulfur clusters. under oxygen-restricted conditions, the mitochondrion has often undergone remarkable reductive alterations of its content and function, lead ... | 2014 | 24316280 |
| isolation and amplification of mrna within a simple microfluidic lab on a chip. | the major modules for realizing molecular biological assays in a micro-total analysis system (μtas) were developed for the detection of pathogenic organisms. the specific focus was the isolation and amplification of eukaryotic mrna within a simple, single-channel device for very low rna concentrations that could then be integrated with detection modules. the hsp70 mrna from cryptosporidium parvum was used as a model analyte. important points of study were surface chemistries within poly(methyl m ... | 2014 | 24328414 |
| multiplication of the waterborne pathogen cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system. | in natural aquatic environments biofilms are known to act as environmental reservoirs for cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. however, the fate of these oocysts within biofilms has yet to be determined. | 2013 | 24330483 |
| cryptosporidium parvum genotype iia and giardia duodenalis assemblage a in mytilus galloprovincialis on sale at local food markets. | to date, there has been no study to establish the genotypic or subgenotypic identities of cryptosporidium and giardia in edible shellfish. here, we explored the genetic composition of these protists in mytilus galloprovincialis (mediterranean mussel) purchased from three markets in the city of foggia, italy, from may to december 2012. samples from the digestive glands, gills and haemolymph were tested by nested pcr, targeting dna regions within the 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene of cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24334090 |
| triple protozoal enteropathy of the small intestine in an immunocompromised male: a rare histopathology report. | enteric protozoan parasites remain the most commonly encountered parasitic diseases in hiv infected patients. opportunistic protozoal infections that infect git most commonly and cause diarrhea in hiv-infected patients are cryptosporidium parvum, microsporidia and isospora belli. developing an infection with enteric protozoan parasites is dependent on absolute cd4+ cell counts, with lower counts associated with more severe, more atypical disease, and a greater risk of disseminated disease. we pr ... | 2013 | 24339463 |
| glycoprotein 60 diversity in cryptosporidium parvum causing human and cattle cryptosporidiosis in the rural region of northern tunisia. | the zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium parvum was studied in an extensive cattle farming region of northern tunisia. seventy fecal samples from pre-weaning calves and 403 fecal samples from children were examined by microscopy after modified ziehl-neelsen (mzn) staining. positive cryptosporidium specimens were identified at a species level using an 18s rrna nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by an restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. c. parvum isolates were s ... | 2014 | 24343888 |
| intestinal cd103+ dendritic cells are key players in the innate immune control of cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal mice. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite found worldwide, that develops only in the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes profuse diarrhea. using a mouse model of c. parvum infection, we demonstrated by conditional depletion of cd11c+ cells that these cells are essential for the control of the infection both in neonates and adults. neonates are highly susceptible to c. parvum but the infection is self-limited, whereas adults are resistant unless immunocompromised. we investigated ... | 2013 | 24367259 |
| intestinal protozoans in adults with diarrhea. | diarrhea is one of the most common presenting complaints in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | 2013 | 24404554 |
| assessment of parasitic pollution in the coastal seawater of gaza city. | the main objective of the study was the assessment of the prevalence and the identification of species of human gastrointestinal parasites as an indicator of the pollution of the seashore of gaza city. | 2014 | 24410999 |
| bioaccumulation and elimination of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in experimentally exposed eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) held in static tank aquaria. | a variety of human enteropathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, have been shown to bioaccumulate in suspension-feeding bivalve shellfish. cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that has been detected in many shellfish species within both fecally contaminated and clean oyster growing areas across the globe. for this study, c. parvum oocysts (1000 and 10,000) were spiked into 10 l of water in static tank systems housing crassostrea virginica. oysters were either he ... | 2014 | 24412961 |
| molecular detection and characterization of cryptosporidium species in household dogs, pet shop puppies, and dogs kept in a school of veterinary nursing in japan. | members of cryptosporidium species, which are protozoan parasites, are prevalent worldwide and can cause diarrhoea in both humans and animals, including dogs. in addition, the cryptosporidium species harboured in dogs have the potential for zoonotic transmission. the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium species infection and perform molecular characterization of isolates in household dogs, pet shop puppies, and dogs kept in a school of veterinary nursin ... | 2014 | 24461210 |
| sclerosing cholangitis by cytomegalovirus in highly active antiretroviral therapy era. | sclerosing cholangitis (sc) due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) is very rare. it has been described mainly in immunocompromised patients. currently, in hiv infected patients it is exceptional. the most of cases belong to pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (pre-haart) and those cases were in stage aids with less than 100 cd4/ microl. the most frequently involved pathogen in pre-haart period was cryptosporidium parvum (30-57 %) and cmv (10-30 %); in late haart period this information are unaware. c ... | 2013 | 24467502 |
| characterization of biochemical properties of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase of cryptosporidium parvum. | glutathione peroxidase (gpx; ec 1.11.1.9) is an important antioxidant enzyme that catalyses the reduction of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to water in oxygen-consuming organisms, using glutathione as an electron donor. here, we report the characterization of a gpx of cryptosporidium parvum (cpgpx). cpgpx contained a standard ugu codon for cysteine instead of a uga opal codon for seleno-cysteine (secys) at the active site, and no secys insertion sequence (secis) motif was identified within ... | 2014 | 24477026 |
| cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes in dairy cattle from buenos aires, argentina. | cryptosporidium parvum from 73 dairy calves less than two months old from buenos aires province (argentina) were molecularly characterized using sequence analysis of the gp60 gene. seventy-five sequences were obtained, and seven different subtypes were identified, all belonging to the iia subtype family. the most common subtypes were iiaa20g1r1 (27/75), iiaa22g1r1 (16/75), and iiaa18g1r1 (13/75). subtypes iiaa21g1r1, iiaa23g1r1, iiaa16g1r1 and iiaa19g1r1 were found sporadically. two samples cont ... | 2014 | 24480390 |
| potent and selective inhibitors of cdpk1 from t. gondii and c. parvum based on a 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide scaffold. | 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide was used as an alternative scaffold to substitute for the pyrazolopyrimidine of a known "bumped kinase inhibitor" to create selective inhibitors of calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 from both toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum. compounds with low nanomolar inhibitory potencies against the target enzymes were obtained. the most selective inhibitors also exhibited submicromolar activities in t. gondii cell proliferation assays and were shown to be non-toxic ... | 2014 | 24494061 |
| food-borne pathogens of animal origin-diagnosis, prevention, control and their zoonotic significance: a review. | the term food borne diseases or food-borne illnesses or more commonly food poisoning are used to denote gastrointestinal complications that occur following recent consumption of a particular food or drink. millions of people suffer worldwide every year and the situation is quiet grave in developing nations creating social and economic strain. the food borne pathogens include various bacteria viz., salmonella, campylobacter, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, staph ... | 2013 | 24506006 |
| recovery of cryptosporidium and giardia organisms from surface water by counter-flow refining microfiltration. | as waterborne parasitic cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis outbreaks continue globally, monitoring of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia in surface water continues to be challenging. lack of non-clogging and high-efficiency methods for recovery of c. parvum oocysts and g. lamblia cysts in environmental water strongly limits the sensitivity of detection methods for these protozoan organisms. in this work, the counter-flow micro-refinery (cfmr) system was developed by employing the novel cou ... | 2014 | 24527615 |
| cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in hedgehogs. | the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium hedgehog genotype are described, and the species name cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. is proposed to reflect its specificity for hedgehogs under natural and experimental conditions. oocysts of c. erinacei are morphologically indistinguishable from cryptosporidium parvum, measuring 4.5-5.8 μm (mean=4.9 μm) × 4.0-4.8 μm (mean=4.4 μm) with a length to width ratio of 1.13 (1.02-1.35) (n=100). oocysts of c. erinacei obtai ... | 2014 | 24529828 |
| identification of cryptosporidium parvum active chemical series by repurposing the open access malaria box. | the apicomplexan parasites cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis are major etiologic agents of human cryptosporidiosis. the infection is typically self-limited in immunocompetent adults, but it can cause chronic fulminant diarrhea in immunocompromised patients and malnutrition and stunting in children. nitazoxanide, the current standard of care for cryptosporidiosis, is only partially efficacious for children and is no more effective than a placebo for aids patients. unfortunately, ... | 2014 | 24566188 |
| adaptation and immunogenicity of cryptosporidium parvum to immunocompetent mice. | the adaptation and immunogenisity of cryptosporidium parvum isolated from siberian chipmunks (sc1 strain) in immunocompetent (icr) mice were examined. the oocysts were received to the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice by repeated passage. the oocysts collected from the 18th scid mice were inoculated to 5 icr mice. the mice began to shed oocysts from 6 days after inoculation, the patency was 5 days, and the maximum oocysts per gram of feces (opg) value was 10(4). the maximum of opg val ... | 2014 | 24570067 |
| cryptosporidium parvum iid family: clonal population and dispersal from western asia to other geographical regions. | in this study, 111 cryptosporidium parvum iid isolates from several species of animals in china, sweden, and egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). one to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) loci, forming 25 mlst subtypes. host-adaptation and significant geographical segregation were both observed in the mlst subtypes. a clonal population structure was seen in c. parvum iid isolates from china ... | 2014 | 24572610 |
| reverse zoonotic disease transmission (zooanthroponosis): a systematic review of seldom-documented human biological threats to animals. | research regarding zoonotic diseases often focuses on infectious diseases animals have given to humans. however, an increasing number of reports indicate that humans are transmitting pathogens to animals. recent examples include methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, influenza a virus, cryptosporidium parvum, and ascaris lumbricoides. the aim of this review was to provide an overview of published literature regarding reverse zoonoses and highlight the need for future work in this area. | 2014 | 24586500 |
| apolipoprotein e plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice. | apolipoliprotein e (apoe), a critical targeting protein in lipid homeostasis, has been found to have immunoinflammatory effects on murine models of infection and malnutrition. the effects of apoe in undernourished and cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice have not been investigated. in order to study the role of apoe in a model of c. parvum infection, we used the following c57bl6j mouse genetic strains: apoe-deficient, wild-type controls, and apoe targeted replacement (tr) mice expressing human a ... | 2014 | 24586873 |
| disease-outcome trees, eq-5d scores, and estimated annual losses of quality-adjusted life years (qalys) for 14 foodborne pathogens in the united states. | measures of disease burden such as quality-adjusted life years (qalys) are increasingly important to risk-based food safety policy. they provide a means of comparing relative risk from diverse health outcomes. we present detailed disease-outcome trees and eq-5d scoring for 14 major foodborne pathogens representing over 95% of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to specified agents in the united states (campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclosp ... | 2014 | 24588853 |
| longitudinal evaluation of enteric protozoa in haitian children by stool exam and multiplex serologic assay. | haitian children were monitored longitudinally in a filariasis study. included were stool samples examined for giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica cysts, and serum specimens analyzed for immunoglobulin g (igg) responses to eight recombinant antigens from g. intestinalis (variant-specific surface protein [vsp1-vsp5]), e. histolytica (lectin adhesion molecule [leca]), and cryptosporidium parvum (17- and 27-kda) using a multiplex bead assay. the igg responses to vsp antigens peaked at 2 ... | 2014 | 24591430 |
| population structure of natural and propagated isolates of cryptosporidium parvum, c. hominis and c. meleagridis. | the three protozoan species cryptosporidium parvum, c. meleagridis and c. hominis (phylum apicomplexa) are enteric pathogens of humans. the former two species are zoonotic and the latter is thought to infect only humans. to better characterize the structure and transmission of natural and laboratory-propagated isolates, we analyzed a collection of archived human and animal isolates of these three species by deep-sequencing polymerase chain reaction products amplified from a polymorphic sequence ... | 2015 | 24593863 |
| a highly divergent 33 kda cryptosporidium parvum antigen. | previous studies comparing the genome sequences of cryptosporidium parvum with cryptosporidium hominis identified a number of highly divergent genes that might reflect positive selection for host specificity. in the present study, the c. parvum dna sequence cgd8-5370, which encodes a protein whose amino acid sequence differs appreciably from its homologue in c. hominis , was cloned by pcr and expressed as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli . antisera raised against the recombinant cgd8-53 ... | 2014 | 24601821 |
| the magnitude and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection in relation to human immunodeficiency virus infection and immune status, at alert hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and intestinal parasitic infections are among the main health problems in developing countries like ethiopia. particularly, co-infections of these diseases would worsen the progression of hiv to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and risk factors for intestinal parasites in relation to hiv infection and immune status. the study was conducted in (1) hiv positive on antiretroviral therapy (art) and ... | 2014 | 24603288 |
| validation of fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis to resolve mixed infections by cryptosporidium parvum subpopulations. | the potential of capillary electrophoresis (ce)-based dna fragment analysis to identify mixed infections by cryptosporidium parvum subpopulations was validated using high-resolution slab-gel electrophoresis. a selection of genomic dna samples from c. parvum isolates with ce electropherogram profiles indicative of two concurrent alleles at one or more of six mini and microsatellite loci (msb, ms5, ml1, ml2, tp14, 5b12) were analysed. these loci were pcr-amplified and products separated on precast ... | 2014 | 24609235 |
| efficacy of halofuginone lactate against experimental cryptosporidiosis in goat neonates. | preliminary results obtained in calves, lambs and goat kids infected by cryptosporidium sp. have indicated a partial prophylactic efficacy of halofuginone lactate when administered at 100 μg/kg body weight (bw). in this study, the efficacy of halofuginone lactate was evaluated in goat neonates experimentally inoculated with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts per oral route. the trial consisted in 2 replicated experiments carried out successively at 2 months of interval. twenty-two 2- to 4-day-old ki ... | 2014 | 24636788 |
| a cascade-like silicon filter for improved recovery of oocysts from environmental waters. | standard filtration methods have been characterized by poor recoveries when processing large-volume samples of environmental water. a method to pre-remove particulates present in turbid waters would be necessary to enhance recovery of protozoan oocysts. particulate separation can be achieved by the proposed multiplex particle refining (mpr) system. this system employs multiple counter-flow microfiltration units that are arranged into a cascade-like structure. by use of this design, the target oo ... | 2014 | 24645460 |
| cryptosporidium parvum-induced ileo-caecal adenocarcinoma and wnt signaling in a mouse model. | cryptosporidium species are apicomplexan protozoans that are found worldwide. these parasites constitute a large risk to human and animal health. they cause self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts and a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised hosts. interestingly, cryptosporidium parvum has been related to digestive carcinogenesis in humans. consistent with a potential tumorigenic role of this parasite, in an original reproducible animal model of chronic cryptosporidiosis based on d ... | 2014 | 24652769 |
| electrical tweezer for highly parallelized electrorotation measurements over a wide frequency bandwidth. | electrorotation (rot) is a powerful tool for characterizing the dielectric properties of cells and bioparticles. however, its application has been somewhat limited by the need to mitigate disruptions to particle rotation by translation under positive dep and by frictional interactions with the substrate. while these disruptions may be overcome by implementing particle positioning schemes or field cages, these methods restrict the frequency bandwidth to the negative dep range and permit only sing ... | 2014 | 24668830 |
| development of an immunomagnetic bead separation-coupled quantitative pcr method for rapid and sensitive detection of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calf feces. | cattle feces are the environmental vehicle for the zoonotic cryptosporidium oocysts, but there are drawbacks associated with reliability of the existing methods for the detection of oocysts in the feces. quantification of the immunomagnetic bead separation (ims) coupled with real-time taqman pcr (qpcr) was accomplished by comparing the fluorescence signals obtained from the calf fecal samples of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with those obtained from standard dilutions of c. parvum oocysts. taqm ... | 2014 | 24687282 |
| biochemical and functional characterization of cpmuc4, a cryptosporidium surface antigen that binds to host epithelial cells. | cryptosporidium spp. are intracellular apicomplexan parasites that cause outbreaks of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. previous studies had identified a cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite antigen, cpmuc4, that appeared to be involved in attachment and invasion of the parasite into intestinal epithelial cells. cpmuc4 is predicted to be o- and n-glycosylated and the antigen exhibits an apparent molecular weight 10kda larger than the antigen expressed in escherichia coli, indicative of post-t ... | 2014 | 24690740 |
| cryptosporidium species in sheep and goats from papua new guinea. | species of cryptosporidium are extensively recognised as pathogens of domesticated livestock and poultry, companion animals, wildlife, and are a threat to public health. little is known of the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in humans, domesticated animals or wildlife in papua new guinea (png). the aim of the present study was to screen sheep and goats for cryptosporidium using molecular tools. a total of 504 faecal samples were collected from sheep (n=276) and goats (n=228) in village, gover ... | 2014 | 24703974 |
| detection and molecular characterization of giardia and cryptosporidium in common dolphins (delphinus delphis) stranded along the galician coast (northwest spain). | the ubiquitous protozoan parasites giardia and cryptosporidium have been detected from many species of captive and free-living wildlife, representing most mammalian orders. twenty species of marine mammals have been reported to inhabit galician waters and the region has one of the highest rates of stranding in europe. evidence from stranding, reported by-catches and sightings, suggests that the common dolphin (delphinus delphis) is the most abundant cetacean on the galician coast (northwest spai ... | 2014 | 24704342 |
| characterization of a novel otubain-like cysteine protease of cryptosporidium parvum. | otubains are a recently discovered family of cysteine proteases that participate in the ubiquitin pathway. here, we partially characterized the biochemical properties of a cysteine protease of cryptosporidium parvum, which is closely related to otubains. the gene encoding otubain-like cysteine protease of c. parvum (cpotu) contained the aspartate, cysteine and histidine residues that form the catalytic triad of otubains. the modified ubiquitin-associated domain and lxxl motif were identified in ... | 2014 | 24709083 |
| high applicability of a novel method for gp60-based subtyping of cryptosporidium meleagridis. | cryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in avian hosts and the third most common species involved in human cryptosporidiosis. sequencing of the highly polymorphic 60-kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene is a frequently used tool for investigation of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of cryptosporidium. however, few studies have included gp60 sequencing of c. meleagridis. one explanation may be that the gp60 primers currently in use are based on cryptosporidium ho ... | 2014 | 24740082 |
| genotyping and subtyping cryptosporidium parvum and giardia duodenalis carried by flies on dairy farms in henan, china. | cryptosporidium and giardia are important causes of diarrhea diseases in humans and animals worldwide, and both of them are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact or by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. the role of flies in the mechanical transmission of cryptosporidium and giardia has been receiving increasing attention. to date, no information is available in china about the occurrence of cryptosporidium and giardia in flies. we here investigated cryptosporidi ... | 2014 | 24742088 |
| transient reporter gene expression in oocysts and sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum controlled by endogenous promoters. | the apicomplexan protozoan cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric parasite that affects a variety of mammal hosts including humans, and causes serious diarrheal disease in immunocompromised individuals, notably aids patients. despite many advances in the development of transgenic techniques in many protozoan parasites over the past two decades, rare reports have been documented on the genetic manipulation on c. parvum. achievement of the dna-based transfection chiefly depends on the selection of a ... | 2014 | 24768672 |
| quantification of viable giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts in wastewater using propidium monoazide quantitative real-time pcr. | real-time pcr (qpcr) is a rapid tool to quantify pathogens in the aquatic environment; however, it quantifies all pathogens, including both viable and nonviable. propidium monoazide (pma) is a membrane-impairment dye that penetrates only membrane-damaged cells. once inside the cell, pma is covalently cross-linked to dna through light photoactivation, and pcr amplification is strongly inhibited. the goal of this study was to evaluate pma-qpcr assays for rapid quantification of viable and heat-tre ... | 2014 | 24781028 |
| modified acid fast staining: a better diagnostic tool in chronic diarrhoea due to cryptosporidiosis. | cryptosporidium parvum is an emerging pathogen responsible for chronic diarrhoea in children and immuno-compromised individuals, especially aids patients. currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for treating cryptosporidiosis, therefore control and supportive treatment of cryptosporidiosis depends upon rapid and accurate diagnosis of this infection. | 2014 | 24800347 |
| cdpks of cryptosporidium parvum--stage-specific expression in vitro. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic agent that bears a high risk for the health of particularly immunocompromised humans and animals. as currently available drugs and therapies against cryptosporidiosis do not turn out satisfactory, more intensive research on the control of this parasite is necessary. the genus cryptosporidium is unique within the phylum apicomplexa as its localisation is intracellular but extracytoplasmatic. infection of host cells is initially a parasite-driven process, but t ... | 2014 | 24810092 |
| [development of an ims-qpcr method for detection of cryptosporidium parvum in water]. | to develop a detection method for cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples, which combined immunomagnetic separation (ims) with taqman real-time pcr (qpcr). | 2013 | 24812853 |
| [protective effect of radix sophorae flavescentis mixture on intestinal mucosa in mice infected with cryptosporidium parvum]. | to investigate the protective effect of radix sophorae flavescentis (rsf) mixture on intestinal mucosa in mice infected with cryptosporidium parvum. | 2013 | 24812877 |
| immuno-pcr for detection of giardia lamblia cysts in water. | giardia lamblia cysts at low concentrations were detected in water samples using a highly sensitive immunological-pcr (ipcr) method. magnetic gold particles were precoated with monoclonal anti-giardia antibodies, and giardia lamblia cysts ranging from 1 to 100 cysts were diluted in 500 microl of water. a biotinylated detection antibody bound to the g. lamblia cysts was then linked by a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated giardia-reporter dna. after extensive washing, reporter dna was released by ... | 2014 | 24830167 |
| evaluation of spore wall protein 1 as an alternative antigen for the diagnosis of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection of farmed foxes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the sequence encoding swp1 was cloned from the genome of encephalitozoon cuniculi. recombinant swp1 (rswp1) was expressed in escherichia coli and used to detect e. cuniculi infections in farmed foxes and dogs with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the present study. the sera of foxes infected with e. cuniculi could be distinguished from the sera of foxes infected with toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum using the elisa. in total, 198 fox samples ... | 2014 | 24830821 |
| genotyping of cryptosporidium spp. in clinical samples: pcr-rflp analysis of the trap-c2 gene. | the aim of the present study was to determine the species and genotypes of cryptosporidium spp. among children with diarrhea by pcr-rflp using the trap-c2 gene. | 2011 | 24834152 |
| cryptosporidium parvum induces sirt1 expression in host epithelial cells through downregulating let-7i. | epithelial cells along human gastrointestinal mucosal surface express pathogen-recognizing receptors and actively participate in the regulation of inflammatory reactions in response to microbial infection. the nad-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (sirt1), one member of the sirtuin family of proteins and an nad-dependent deacetylase has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including inflammation, longevity, and metabolism. in this study, we demonstrated that infection ... | 2014 | 24862934 |
| cryptosporidiosis in iranian farm workers and their household members: a hypothesis about possible zoonotic transmission. | objectives. the prevalence of cryptosporidium and the risk factors of zoonotic transmission in najafabad, isfahan, iran dairy farms were examined. methods. one fecal sample was collected from all calves less than 6 months old in eight dairy farms around najafabad (isfahan province, central iran) as well as individuals working in these farms and their household members. a two-step nested pcr protocol was used to amplify the 18s rrna gene (830 bp). results. cryptosporidium was identified in the st ... | 2014 | 24876850 |
| cryptosporidium parvum has an active hypusine biosynthesis pathway. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum causes severe enteric infection and diarrheal disease with substantial morbidity and mortality in untreated aids patients and children in developing or resource-limited countries. no fully effective treatment is available. hypusination of eif5a is an important post-translational modification essential for cell proliferation. this modification occurs in a two step process catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (dhs) followed by deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. ... | 2014 | 24893338 |
| a survey of pathogens associated with cyperus esculentus l (tiger nuts) tubers sold in a ghanaian city. | cyperus esculentus l, is a minor but important crop in ghana. they are noted mostly by their aphrodisiac properties among others. the nuts are often eaten raw as an unprocessed snack due to its rich flavour and texture. though eaten raw, the nuts are sometimes handled unhygienically, posing a public health threat. this study therefore aimed at determining the level and distribution of parasitic and bacterial contaminants associated with the crop as it is sold. | 2014 | 24906387 |
| prevalence and molecular typing of cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in england and wales and examination of potential on-farm transmission routes. | an average of 70 samples were collected from 80 dairy farms in england and wales, from cattle, co-grazed sheep, wildlife and farm wastes, to investigate prevalence, potential sources and transmission routes of cryptosporidium. at least one positive sample was detected on 74 of the farms (92.5%) by ifat microscopy. the prevalence in cattle was 10.2% (95% ci 9.4-11.1%), with greater prevalences detected in calf samples, especially from those under 1 month (45.1%). young calves were also more likel ... | 2014 | 24909077 |
| the gut flora is required for the control of intestinal infection by poly(i:c) administration in neonates. | we found that immunostimulation of the intestinal immune system of neonatal mice by poly(i:c) injection decreased intestinal infection by the parasite cryptosporidium parvum. we showed that the presence of dendritic cells and the cooperation of mutually dependent cytokines, such as il-12p40, and type i and type ii ifns, were involved in the mechanism of protection induced by poly(i:c). this protection is dependent not only on tlr3-trif signaling, but also on the activation of the tlr5-myd88 path ... | 2014 | 24918602 |
| the gatekeeper residue and beyond: homologous calcium-dependent protein kinases as drug development targets for veterinarian apicomplexa parasites. | specific roles of individual cdpks vary, but in general they mediate essential biological functions necessary for parasite survival. a comparative analysis of the structure-activity relationships (sar) of neospora caninum, eimeria tenella and babesia bovis calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) together with those of plasmodium falciparum, cryptosporidium parvum and toxoplasma gondii was performed by screening against 333 bumped kinase inhibitors (bkis). structural modelling and experimental ... | 2014 | 24927073 |
| development of a combined in vitro cell culture--quantitative pcr assay for evaluating the disinfection performance of pulsed light for treating the waterborne enteroparasite giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that is recognised as a frequent cause of water-borne disease in humans and animals. we report for the first time on the use of a combined in vitro hct-8 cell culture-quantitative pcr assay for evaluating the efficacy of using pulsed uv light for treating g. lamblia parasites. findings showed that current methods that are limited to using vital stains before and after cyst excystation are not appropriate for monitoring or evaluating cyst destru ... | 2014 | 24929148 |
| short communication: effect of pomegranate-residue supplement on cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding in neonatal calves. | cryptosporidium parvum is considered one of the most common enteropathogens, responsible for the high incidence of diarrhea and deleterious implications on immunity and health in neonatal calves. the pomegranate is well known for its health-promoting properties. two experiments were designed to test the antiparasitical and antidiarrheal effects of concentrated pomegranate extract (cpe) supplement in milk in neonatal holstein calves. forty-one calves were randomly divided into control (n=20) and ... | 2014 | 24952772 |
| the cryptosporidium parvum apiap2 gene family: insights into the evolution of apicomplexan ap2 regulatory systems. | we provide the first comprehensive analysis of any transcription factor family in cryptosporidium, a basal-branching apicomplexan that is the second leading cause of infant diarrhea globally. ap2 domain-containing proteins have evolved to be the major regulatory family in the phylum to the exclusion of canonical regulators. we show that apicomplexan and perkinsid ap2 domains cluster distinctly from other chromalveolate ap2s. protein-binding specificity assays of c. parvum ap2 domains combined wi ... | 2014 | 24957599 |
| cryptosporidiosis causing severe persistent diarrhea in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report and brief review of literature. | cryptosporidiosis is a protozoal infection that leads to self-limited diarrheal disease in immunocompetent individuals and a more severe illness in immunocompromised patients especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. although patients with hematolymphoid malignancies can develop this infection, it is an uncommon cause of diarrhea in these patients. the patient was a 64-year-old woman, a known case of multiple myeloma for 17 years, who had been treated with multiple lines o ... | 2014 | 25006294 |
| estimating environmental conditions affecting protozoal pathogen removal in surface water wetland systems using a multi-scale, model-based approach. | cryptosporidium parvum, giardia lamblia, and toxoplasma gondii are waterborne protozoal pathogens distributed worldwide and empirical evidence suggests that wetlands reduce the concentrations of these pathogens under certain environmental conditions. the goal of this study was to evaluate how protozoal removal in surface water is affected by the water temperature, turbidity, salinity, and vegetation cover of wetlands in the monterey bay region of california. to examine how protozoal removal was ... | 2014 | 25016109 |
| a new in vitro model using small intestinal epithelial cells to enhance infection of cryptosporidium parvum. | to better understand and study the infection of the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum, a more sensitive in vitro assay is required. in vivo, this parasite infects the epithelial cells of the microvilli layer in the small intestine. while cell infection models using colon, kidney, and stomach cells have been studied to understand the infectivity potential of the oocysts, an ideal in vitro model would be readily-available, human-derived, and originating from the small intestine. in this st ... | 2014 | 25072838 |
| cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs. | cryptosporidium is increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of moderate to severe diarrhoea in developing countries. with treatment options limited, control relies on knowledge of the biology and transmission of the members of the genus responsible for disease. currently, 26 species are recognized as valid on the basis of morphological, biological and molecular data. of the nearly 20 cryptosporidium species and genotypes that have been reported in humans, cryptosporidium hominis and cr ... | 2014 | 25111501 |
| identification of a telomeric dna-binding protein in eimeria tenella. | coccidiosis is considered to be a major problem for the poultry industry, and coccidiosis control is yet urgent. due to the roles in telomere length regulation and end protection, telomere-binding proteins have been considered as a good target for drug design. in this work, a putative gbp1p that is similar to telomeric dna-binding protein gbp (g-strand binding protein) of cryptosporidium parvum, was searched in the database of eimeria tenella. sequence analysis indicated e.tenella gbp1p (etgbp1p ... | 2014 | 25128826 |
| prevalence and genotyping of cryptosporidium in stool samples collected from children in taif city (saudi arabia). | this study was conducted to estimate the frequency of cryptosporidium infections in taif (saudi arabia). stool samples from children under 10 years by modified ziehl-neelson staining and two pcr techniques were used for genotyping experiments. the microscopic examination showed that, eleven samples were positive for presence of cryptosporidium. with 11 of 100 samples, dna extraction and subsequent genotyping was successful. by means of rapd technique, the genetic similarity among the collected i ... | 2014 | 25134890 |
| repurposing cryptosporidium inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes the pivotal step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. impdh is a target for immunosuppressive, antiviral, and anticancer drugs, but, as of yet, has not been exploited for antimicrobial therapy. we have previously reported potent inhibitors of impdh from the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum (cpimpdh). many pathogenic bacteria, including bacillus anthracis, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes, contain impdhs that should ... | 2014 | 25147601 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. isolated from immunocompromised patients and children. | cryptosporidium is known to be one of the most important causes of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. genotype characterization of cryptosporidium species in each region would help in the treatment of this disease, as well as to locate the source of infection and to prevent the disease. | 2014 | 25147696 |
| il-18 cytokine levels modulate innate immune responses and cryptosporidiosis in mice. | il-18 is known to play a key role limiting cryptosporidium parvum infection. in this study, we show that il-18 depletion in scid mice significantly exacerbates c. parvum infection, whereas, treatment with recombinant il-18 (ril-18), significantly decreases the parasite load, as compared to controls. increases in serum ifn-γ levels as well as the up-regulation of the antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide and beta defensin 3 (defb3) were observed in the intestinal mucosa of mi ... | 2015 | 25155632 |
| detection of giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum by direct immunofluorescence assay in stool specimen. | giardia and cryptosporidium are the pathogens which transmitted through contaminated soil and contaminated water are significant causes of diarrhea and nutritional disorders in institutional and community peoples. children and immune compromise persons are more vulnerable for these infections. both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis were included in 2004 as who neglected disease. so this is a major public health problem in developing countries. the present study was carried out to detect the giard ... | 2014 | 25178591 |
| occurrence and molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in sheep and goats reared under dairy husbandry systems in greece. | giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. are gastro-intestinal protozoa known to infect small ruminants. both protozoa are also considered as a potential public health concern. the objective of this study was to determine their prevalence in lambs and goat kids kept under common mediterranean dairy husbandry systems and to identify the species and genotypes infecting these small ruminants. in total, 684 faecal samples (429 from lambs and 255 from goat kids) were collected on 21 farms in greec ... | 2014 | 25187088 |
| efficacy of wash solutions in recovering cyclospora cayetanensis, cryptosporidium parvum, and toxoplasma gondii from basil. | parasitic diseases can be acquired by ingestion of contaminated raw or minimally processed fresh produce (herbs and fruits). the sensitivity of methods used to detect parasites on fresh produce depends in part on the efficacy of wash solutions in removing them from suspect samples. in this study, six wash solutions (sterile e-pure water, 3% levulinic acid-3% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1 m glycine, 0.1 m phosphate-buffered saline, 0.1% alconox, and 1% hcl-pepsin) were evaluated for their effectivene ... | 2014 | 25198596 |
| plasma micrornas are promising novel biomarkers for the early detection of toxoplasma gondii infection. | micrornas (mirnas) have been shown to be present in plasma, which are remarkably stable, and have been suggested as disease biomarkers. toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that is infective to a wide range of animals and human beings. previous studies have found that the parasite generated a large number of mirnas during proliferation and it is known that the spectrum of mirna expression in the infected hosts is pathogen-specific. to date, there are no reports regarding the app ... | 2014 | 25199527 |
| apicomplexan infections in the gut. | toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum are intracellular protozoan parasites that establish infection through the small intestinal bowel after the ingestion of contaminated food products. these apicomplexan parasites have emerged as an important cause of chronic and fatal disease in immunodeficient individuals, in addition to being investigated as possible triggers of inflammatory bowel disease. t. gondii disseminates to the brain and other tissues after infection, whereas c. parvum remain ... | 2014 | 25201405 |
| a unique hexokinase in cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan pathogen lacking the krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. | cryptosporidium parvum may cause virtually untreatable infections in aids patients, and is recently identified as one of the top four diarrheal pathogens in children in developing countries. cryptosporidium differs from other apicomplexans (e.g., plasmodium and toxoplasma) by lacking many metabolic pathways including the krebs cycle and cytochrome-based respiratory chain, thus relying mainly on glycolysis for atp production. here we report the molecular and biochemical characterizations of a hex ... | 2014 | 25216472 |
| optimization of a fragment size analysis tool for identification of cryptosporidium species and gp60 alleles infecting domestic ruminants. | a capillary electrophoresis (ce)-based dna fragment analysis tool was optimized to identify in a single capillary the most common cryptosporidium species and cryptosporidium parvum gp60 alleles infecting domestic ruminants. for this purpose, a panel of genomic dna samples including six cryptosporidium species (c. parvum, c. bovis, c. ryanae, c. andersoni, c. ubiquitum, and c. hominis) and 18 c. parvum gp60 subtypes belonging to the subtype families iia and iid was used. all these samples had bee ... | 2014 | 25224787 |
| a wide-bandwidth power amplifier for frequency-selective insulator-based dielectrophoresis. | insulator-based dielectrophoresis enables contact-less separation and analysis of biosystems, but it is unable to operate effectively in the mhz frequency range, which is necessary for the manipulation of biological cells based on the characteristic electrophysiology of their cytoplasm or biomolecular preconcentration based on their unique conformation. to address the steep drop in output power and the rise of signal distortions within conventional amplifiers at mhz frequencies due to slew rate ... | 2014 | 25226875 |
| prevalence of endemic enteropathogens of calves in new zealand dairy farms. | to conduct a country-wide prevalence study of bovine group a rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium parvum, salmonella spp. and enterotoxigenic k99(+) escherichia coli (k99) in calves on new zealand dairy farms. | 2015 | 25237728 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium parvum isolates from human cryptosporidiosis cases in scotland. | cryptosporidium parvum (c. parvum) is one of the most prevalent protozoan pathogens responsible for inducing human and animal disease worldwide. in this study, the glycoprotein-60 (gp60) subtyping tool was employed to assess the molecular diversity of c. parvum from human feces throughout scotland during potential outbreaks. over a 24-month period, microscopy analysis revealed 1139 positive feces containing cryptosporidium species with 256 identified by molecular methods specifically as c. parvu ... | 2015 | 25244937 |
| symptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of cryptosporidium parvum following two related outbreaks in schoolchildren. | two related outbreaks (in 2009 and 2012) of cryptosporidiosis in norwegian schoolchildren during a stay at a remote holiday farm provided us with a natural experiment to investigate possible secondary transmission of cryptosporidium parvum iia a19g1r1. after the children had returned home, clinical data and stool samples were obtained from their household contacts. samples were investigated for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts by immunofluorescence antibody test. we found both asymptomati ... | 2015 | 25268811 |
| short communication: nitazoxanide inhibits hiv viral replication in monocyte-derived macrophages. | we document the anti-hiv activity of nitazoxanide (ntz), the first member of the thiazolide class of antiinfective drugs, originally effective against enteritis caused by cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia. ntz has been administered extensively worldwide, with no severe toxicities associated with its use. here, we show for the first time that ntz decreases hiv-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) if present before or during hiv-1 infection. this ntz effect is associated wi ... | 2015 | 25303025 |
| investigating source water cryptosporidium concentration, species and infectivity rates during rainfall-runoff in a multi-use catchment. | protozoan pathogens present a significant human health concern, and prevention of contamination into potable networks remains a key focus for drinking water providers. here, we monitored the change in cryptosporidium concentration in source water during high flow events in a multi-use catchment. furthermore, we investigated the diversity of cryptosporidium species/genotypes present in the source water, and delivered an oocyst infectivity fraction. there was a positive and significant correlation ... | 2014 | 25306487 |
| practical implementation, characterization and applications of a multi-colour time-gated luminescence microscope. | time-gated luminescence microscopy using long-lifetime molecular probes can effectively eliminate autofluorescence to enable high contrast imaging. here we investigate a new strategy of time-gated imaging for simultaneous visualisation of multiple species of microorganisms stained with long-lived complexes under low-background conditions. this is realized by imaging two pathogenic organisms (giardia lamblia stained with a red europium probe and cryptosporidium parvum with a green terbium probe) ... | 2014 | 25307702 |
| cryptosporidium muris: infectivity and illness in healthy adult volunteers. | although cryptosporidium parvum and c. hominis cause the majority of human cryptosporidiosis cases, other cryptosporidium species are also capable of infecting humans, particularly when individuals are immunocompromised. ten c. muris cases have been reported, primarily in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) -positive patients with diarrhea. however, asymptomatic cases were reported in two hiv-negative children, and in another case, age and immune status were not described. this study examines the ... | 2015 | 25311695 |
| isospora belli associated recurrent diarrhea in a child with aids. | persistent diarrhea is a major manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) which might be more complicated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected children especially those from developing countries. there are numerous reports showing the emergence of intestinal opportunistic coccidian parasites, mostly cryptosporidium parvum and isospora belli in hiv-infected individuals. the prevalence of isosporiasis is probably underestimated in developing countries because routinely no ... | 2014 | 25320501 |