Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| production of virulence factors in candida strains isolated from patients with denture stomatitis and control individuals. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the production of virulence factors in candida isolates from the oral cavities of 50 patients with different degrees of denture stomatitis (ds, type i, ii and iii) and 50 individuals without signs of ds. we evaluated the enzymatic and hemolytic activities, the biofilm formation, and the cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) in all isolates. germ tube (gt) production was also evaluated in candida albicans and candida dubliniensis isolates. in c. albicans and c. d ... | 2016 | 26971635 |
| time to overcome fluconazole resistant candida isolates: solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel antifungal drug delivery system. | antifungal therapy results in complications in management due to changes in the patterns of epidemiology and drug susceptibility of invasive fungal infections. in this study, we prepared fluconazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (flz-slns) and investigated the efficacy of the optimal formulation on fluconazole (flz)-resistant strains of several candida species. flz-sln was produced using probe ultrasonication techniques. the morphology of the obtained slns was characterized by field emission ... | 2016 | 26974361 |
| development of a candida glabrata dominant nutritional transformation marker utilizing the aspergillus nidulans acetamidase gene (amds). | the gene encoding aspergillus nidulans acetamidase (amds) was placed under control of candida albicans act1 promoter and terminator sequences and then cloned into a plasmid containing c. glabrata ars10,cen8 or ars10+cen8 sequences. all plasmids transformed c. glabrata wild-type cells to acetamide+, with the ars-only containing plasmid transforming cells at the highest frequencies (>1.0 × 10(4) transformants μg(-1)). plasmids were rapidly lost under non-selective conditions with the frequency dep ... | 2016 | 26975388 |
| voriconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations are predictive of treatment outcome in experimental murine infections by candida glabrata. | in this study, 27 clinical isolates of candida glabrata with voriconazole (vrc) minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranging from ≤0.03 μg/ml to 8 μg/ml were tested to determine whether in vitro data are predictive of in vivo efficacy. the efficacy of vrc administered at 40 mg/kg was assayed in a neutropenic murine model of disseminated infection by c. glabrata. the reduction in fungal tissue burden in the kidneys was used as a marker of treatment efficacy. vrc reduced the fungal tissue burd ... | 2016 | 26976780 |
| propensity score analysis of the role of initial antifungal therapy in the outcome of candida glabrata bloodstream infections. | candida glabrata isolates have reduced in vitro susceptibility to azoles, which raises concerns about the clinical effectiveness of fluconazole for treating bloodstream infection (bsi) by this candida species. we aimed to evaluate whether the choice of initial antifungal treatment (fluconazole versus echinocandins or liposomal amphotericin b [l-amb]-based regimens) has an impact on the outcome of c. glabrata bsi. we analyzed data from a prospective, multicenter, population-based surveillance pro ... | 2016 | 26976872 |
| mixed biofilms formed by c. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions. | most candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. the objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. the non-albicans species studied were:candida tropicalis, candida glabrata and candida krusei. single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of c. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each stra ... | 2016 | 26981754 |
| novel point mutations in the erg11 gene in clinical isolates of azole resistant candida species. | the azoles are the class of medications most commonly used to fight infections caused by candida sp. typically, resistance can be attributed to mutations in erg11 gene (cyp51) which encodes the cytochrome p450 14α-demethylase, the primary target for the activity of azoles. the objective of this study was to identify mutations in the coding region of theerg11 gene in clinical isolates of candida species known to be resistant to azoles. we identified three new synonymous mutations in the erg11 gen ... | 2016 | 26982177 |
| candida glabrata among candida spp. from environmental health practitioners of a brazilian hospital. | the incidence of the species candida albicans and non-albicans candida was evaluated in a brazilian tertiary hospital from the environment and health practitioners. in a 12-month period we had a total positivity of 19.65% of candida spp. the most recurring non-albicans candida species was c. glabrata (37.62%), generally considered a species of low virulence, but with a higher mortality rate than c. albicans. subsequently, c. parapsilosis (25.74%) and c. tropicalis (16.86%) were the second and th ... | 2017 | 26991302 |
| in vitro synergistic activity of caspofungin plus polymyxin b against fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata. | candida species account for most invasive fungal infections, and the emergence of fluconazole and caspofungin resistance is problematic. overcoming resistance with synergism between 2 drugs may be useful. in a 2013 in vitro study, caspofungin plus colistin (polymyxin e) was found to act synergistically against fluconazole-resistant and susceptible candida albicans isolates. the purpose of our study was to extend this finding by evaluating caspofungin plus polymyxin b for in vitro synergy against ... | 2016 | 26992255 |
| partial decay of thiamine signal transduction pathway alters growth properties of candida glabrata. | the phosphorylated form of thiamine (vitamin b1), thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) is essential for the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates in all organisms. plants and microorganisms, such as yeast, synthesize thiamine de novo whereas animals do not. the thiamine signal transduction (thi) pathway in saccharomyces cerevisiae is well characterized. the ~10 genes required for thiamine biosynthesis and uptake are transcriptionally upregulated during thiamine starvation by thi2, thi3, and pdc2. ... | 2016 | 27015653 |
| candida/candida biofilms. first description of dual-species candida albicans/c. rugosa biofilm. | denture liners have physical properties that favour plaque accumulation and colonization by candida species, irritating oral tissues and causing denture stomatitis. to isolate and determine the incidence of oral candida species in dental prostheses, oral swabs were collected from the dental prostheses of 66 patients. all the strains were screened for their ability to form biofilms; both monospecies and dual-species combinations were tested. candida albicans (63 %) was the most frequently isolate ... | 2016 | 27020154 |
| prevalent mutator genotype identified in fungal pathogen candida glabrata promotes multi-drug resistance. | the fungal pathogen candida glabrata has emerged as a major health threat since it readily acquires resistance to multiple drug classes, including triazoles and/or echinocandins. thus far, cellular mechanisms promoting the emergence of resistance to multiple drug classes have not been described in this organism. here we demonstrate that a mutator phenotype caused by a mismatch repair defect is prevalent in c. glabrata clinical isolates. strains carrying alterations in mismatch repair gene msh2 e ... | 2016 | 27020939 |
| candida glabrata binding to candida albicans hyphae enables its development in oropharyngeal candidiasis. | pathogenic mechanisms of candida glabrata in oral candidiasis, especially because of its inability to form hyphae, are understudied. since both candida albicans and c. glabrata are frequently co-isolated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc), we examined their co-adhesion in vitro and observed adhesion of c. glabrata only to c. albicans hyphae microscopically. mice were infected sublingually with c. albicans or c. glabrata individually, or with both species concurrently, to study their ability to c ... | 2016 | 27029023 |
| from synthetic dna to pcr product: detection of fungal infections using sers. | we report the use of silver hydroxylamine nanoparticles functionalised with single stranded monothiolated dna for the detection of fungal infections. the four different species of fungi that were targeted were candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and aspergillus fumigatus. rational design of synthetic targets and probes was carried out by carefully analysing the 2-d folding of the dna and then by global alignment of the sequences to ensure specificity. the effects of varying the co ... | 2016 | 27034997 |
| reversal of fluconazole resistance induced by a synergistic effect with acca sellowiana in candida glabrata strains. | the increased incidence of non-albicans candida (nac) resistant to fluconazole (flz) makes it necessary to use new therapeutic alternatives. acca sellowiana (o.berg) burret (myrtaceae) is a guava with several proven biological activities. the interaction with fluconazole can be a feasible alternative to overcome this resistance. | 2016 | 27050162 |
| potassium uptake mediated by trk1 is crucial for candida glabrata growth and fitness. | the maintenance of potassium homeostasis is crucial for all types of cells, including candida glabrata. three types of plasma-membrane systems mediating potassium influx with different transport mechanisms have been described in yeasts: the trk1 uniporter, the hak cation-proton symporter and the acu atpase. the c. glabrata genome contains only one gene encoding putative system for potassium uptake, the trk1 uniporter. therefore, its importance in maintaining adequate levels of intracellular pota ... | 2016 | 27058598 |
| antifungal susceptibility patterns of a global collection of fungal isolates: results of the sentry antifungal surveillance program (2013). | among 1846 fungal clinical isolates from 31 countries, echinocandin resistance in candida spp. ranged from 0.0% to 2.8% (highest for anidulafungin versus candida glabrata), and fluconazole resistance was noted among 11.9% and 11.6% of the c. glabrata and candida tropicalis, respectively. two isolates of aspergillus fumigatus displayed elevated mics for itraconazole and carried cyp51a mutations encoding tr34 l98h. all cryptococcus neoformans had azole mic values below epidemiological cutoff value ... | 2016 | 27061369 |
| [current aspects of invasive diseases caused by candida and other yeast fungi]. | invasive candidiasis is the most common invasive fungal disease causing an unacceptably high mortality. candida albicans remains the predominant origin, but an epidemiological shift has been described in the last decades. some species of candida have emerged as an important cause of severe candidaemia and can exhibit reduced susceptibility to the current antifungal agents. candida parapsilosis has been associated with candidaemia in neonates and young adults, whereas candida glabrata, candida tr ... | 2016 | 27067876 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic adequacy of echinocandins against candida spp. in intensive care unit patients and general patient populations. | this study evaluated whether contemporary echinocandin regimens achieved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets in icu patients and general patient populations (gpps) and assessed caspofungin (cas) regimens in hepatic impairment (hi) patients. a monte carlo simulation was performed using previously published data. recommended dosing regimens of echinocandins in icu patients, gpps and healthy volunteers were evaluated: 70mg loading dose then 50mg maintenance dose (70/50mg) for cas; 100mg q24h fo ... | 2016 | 27068676 |
| two echinocandin-resistant candida glabrata fks mutants from south africa. | echinocandins are recommended as first-line agents to treat invasive infections caused by candida glabrata since this organism is inherently less susceptible to azoles. however, resistance to echinocandins has been described in c. glabrata due to amino acid changes in the hotspot regions of the fks1 and fks2 genes. in this report, we describe the first two south african c. glabrata isolates with echinocandin resistance mediated by mutations in the fks2 gene. both isolates were cultured from urin ... | 2016 | 27069849 |
| candida glabrata survives and replicates in human osteoblasts. | candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen that is considered the second most common cause of candidiasis after candida albicans many characteristics of its mechanisms of pathogenicity remain unknown. recent studies have focused on determining the events that underlie interactions between c. glabrata and immune cells, but the relationship between this yeast and osteoblasts has not been studied in detail. the aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of interaction between human osteob ... | 2016 | 27073253 |
| study of strains of candida spp. isolated from catheters in uhc of oran (algeria): identification and antifungal susceptibility. | the increasing incidence of candida spp., and the vital prognosis often compromise for patients with candida species make urgent the exact knowledge of their distribution worldwide and exhaust action antifungals currently used in clinical. that why we carry out an epidemiological study of candida species and testing their susceptibility against two antifungals: amphotericin b and caspofungin. | 2016 | 27103075 |
| development of candida-specific real-time pcr assays for the detection and identification of eight medically important candida species. | culture-based identification methods have been the gold standard for the diagnosis of fungal infection. currently, molecular technologies such as real-time pcr assays with short turnaround time can provide desirable alternatives for the rapid detection of candida microbes. however, most of the published pcr primer sets are not candida specific and likely to amplify dna from common environmental contaminants, such as aspergillus microbes. in this study, we designed pan-candida primer sets based o ... | 2016 | 27103821 |
| structures of pathogenic fungal fkbp12s reveal possible self-catalysis function. | invasive fungal infections remain difficult to treat and require novel targeting strategies. the 12-kda fk506-binding protein (fkbp12) is a ubiquitously expressed peptidyl-prolyl isomerase with considerable homology between fungal pathogens and is thus a prime candidate for future targeting efforts to generate a panfungal strategy. despite decades of research on fkbps, their substrates and mechanisms of action remain unclear. here we describe structural, biochemical, and in vivo analyses of fkbp ... | 2016 | 27118592 |
| photodynamic inactivation of a multispecies biofilm using curcumin and led light. | this study evaluated the potential of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (api) on multispecies biofilms of candida albicans, candida glabrata, and streptococcus mutans of different ages. acrylic samples (n = 480) were made with standardized rough surfaces and incubated with bacteria and yeast for 24 or 48 h. api was performed with curcumin (80, 100, 120 μm) and led light. additional acrylic samples were treated with curcumin or led light only. positive control samples rece ... | 2016 | 27126412 |
| time-to-reporting of blood culture positivity and central venous catheter-associated candida glabrata fungemia in cancer patients. | among cancer patients with candida glabrata (the candida species with the slowest in-vitro growth) fungemia, time-to-positive blood culture reporting (ttr) was shorter in catheter-associated candidemia (mean±standard deviation: 67±35 h) than in candidemia from other sources (79±31, p<.01). ttr<48 h was 92% specific for catheter-associated c. glabrata fungemia. | 2016 | 27133559 |
| antimycotic activity and genotoxic evaluation of citrus sinensis and citrus latifolia essential oils. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (eos) of citrus sinensis (c. sinensis) and citrus latifolia (c. latifolia) against five candida species: candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, candida lusitaniae and candida guilliermondii; and perform its genotoxic evaluation. the eos of c. sinensis and c. latifolia were obtained from the peel by hydro-distillation. the major components determined by gc-ms were in c. sinensis, d-limonene (96%) and ... | 2016 | 27137128 |
| clotrimazole drug resistance in candida glabrata clinical isolates correlates with increased expression of the drug:h(+) antiporters cgaqr1, cgtpo1_1, cgtpo3, and cgqdr2. | for years, antifungal drug resistance in candida species has been associated to the expression of atp-binding cassette (abc) multidrug transporters. more recently, a few drug efflux pumps from the drug:h(+) antiporter (dha) family have also been shown to play a role in this process, although to date only the candida albicans mdr1 transporter has been demonstrated to be relevant in the clinical acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. this work provides evidence to suggest the involvement of the ... | 2016 | 27148215 |
| cell wall integrity signalling in human pathogenic fungi. | fungi are surrounded by a rigid structure, the fungal cell wall. its plasticity and composition depend on active regulation of the underlying biosynthesis and restructuring processes. this involves specialised signalling pathways that control gene expression and activities of biosynthetic enzymes. the cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway is the central signalling cascade required for the adaptation to a wide spectrum of cell wall perturbing conditions, including heat, oxidative stress and antifunga ... | 2016 | 27155139 |
| ultrasound- and molecular sieves-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and antifungal evaluation of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)-substituted phenyl)-3-((phenylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thiones. | a novel series of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)substituted phenyl)-3-((phenyl amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione mannich bases 6a-o were synthesized in good yield from the key compound 5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione by aminomethylation with paraformaldehyde and substituted amines using molecular sieves and sonication as green chemistry tools. the antifungal activity of the new products was evaluated against seven human pathogenic fungal strains, namely, candida albicans atcc 2 ... | 2016 | 27171073 |
| a fatal mycotic sepsis after retrograde intrarenal surgery: a case report and literature review. | the retrograde intrarenal surgery (rirs) is a procedure that sees an increase in its use every day and is supported by excellent results in terms of safety and feasibility. we report the first case of fatal mycotic septic complication in a neurological patient for renal stone disease. | 2016 | 27174535 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of voriconazole against candida spp. and aspergillus spp. in children, adolescents and adults by monte carlo simulation. | the objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative fraction of response of various voriconazole dosing regimens against six candida and six aspergillus spp. in immunocompromised children, immunocompromised adolescents, and adults. using pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic data, 5000-subject monte carlo simulations (mcss) were conducted to evaluate the ability of simulated dosing strategies in terms of fauc/mic targets of voriconazole. according to the results of the mcss, c ... | 2016 | 27179818 |
| total synthesis and in vitro bioevaluation of clavaminols a, c, h & deacetyl clavaminol h as potential chemotherapeutic and antibiofilm agents. | a highly concise and expedient total synthesis of bioactive clavaminols (1-4) has been executed using commercially available achiral compound decanol. the synthetic strategy relied on trans-wittig olefination, sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, regioselective azidolysis and in situ detosylation followed by reduction as key reactions with good overall yield. based on biological evaluation studies of all the synthesized compounds, it was observed that the clavaminol a (1) exhibited good cytotoxicit ... | 2016 | 27187861 |
| biodegradation and decolorization of melanoidin solutions by manganese peroxidase yeasts. | the ability of selected manganese peroxidase (mnp) yeast strains, isolated from the mixed liquor of an activated sludge bioreactor treating melanoidins wastewater, was investigated in this work, aiming to examine the degradation potential of melanoidins, in the presence or absence of nutrients. ten yeast strains were initially isolated from the mixed liquor; four yeast strains (y1, y2, y3 and y4) were selected for further studies, based on their tolerance towards synthetic melanoidins (sms) degr ... | 2016 | 27191565 |
| a thioether-stabilized d-proline-l-proline-induced β-hairpin peptide of defensin segment increases its anti-candida albicans ability. | we report a β-hairpin dual stabilizing strategy: a d-proline-l-proline (d-pro-l-pro) dipeptide as the nucleating turn, and a thioether tether as a side-chain linkage at a precisely designed position to stabilize the β-hairpin. this method was used to modify the c-terminal β-hairpin moiety of the plant defensin, pv-defensin, in order to obtain a stabilized peptide with enhanced anti-candida albicans activity (mic 84-3.0 μm), high serum stability (50 % remaining after 48 h) and low hemolysis (<10 ... | 2016 | 27194395 |
| gln3 is a main regulator of nitrogen assimilation in candida glabrata. | after candida albicans, the yeast candida glabrata ranks second as an aetiological agent of candidaemia and is the most frequently encountered non-candida albicans species in patients with invasive candidiasis. transcriptome analysis in c. albicans, c. glabrata and cryptoccocus neoformans has revealed that, when engulfed by macrophages, these yeasts upregulate genes involved in nutrient acquisition, including nitrogen transporters such as the general amino acid permease gap1, the dicarboxylic am ... | 2016 | 27222014 |
| a substituted sulfonamide and its co (ii), cu (ii), and zn (ii) complexes as potential antifungal agents. | a sulfonamide 1-tosyl-1-h-benzo(d)imidazol-2-amine (tbza) and three new complexes of co(ii), cu(ii), and zn(ii) have been synthesized. the compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, ftir, (1)h, and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy. the structure of the tbza, and its co(ii) and cu(ii) complexes, was determined by x-ray diffraction methods. tbza and its co(ii) complex crystallize in the triclinic p-1 space group, while the cu(ii) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic p21/c space group. antifu ... | 2016 | 27232977 |
| a network of paralogous stress response transcription factors in the human pathogen candida glabrata. | the yeast candida glabrata has become the second cause of systemic candidemia in humans. however, relatively few genome-wide studies have been conducted in this organism and our knowledge of its transcriptional regulatory network is quite limited. in the present work, we combined genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip-seq), transcriptome analyses, and dna binding motif predictions to describe the regulatory interactions of the seven yap (yeast ap1) transcription factors of c. glabrata. ... | 2016 | 27242683 |
| identification and antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from bloodstream infections in konya, turkey. | in this study, our aim was to identify candida species isolated from bloodstream infections and to determine their susceptibilities to various antifungal agents to demonstrate the local resistance profiles and to guide empirical treatment for clinicians. | 2016 | 27245756 |
| isolation frequency of candida present on the surfaces of mobile phones and handsx. | it is known that mobile phones may play a role in microorganism transmission. the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the number of candida genera/species isolated from samples collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and the hands of the staff as well as the preferred health-related behavior. | 2016 | 27246984 |
| probiotic yeast saccharomyces boulardii (nom. nud.) modulates adhesive properties of candida glabrata. | following the widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy together with broad-spectrum antimycotic therapy, the frequency of mucosal and systemic infections caused by the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata has increased in the past decades. due to the resistance of c. glabrata to existing azole drugs, it is very important to look for new strategies helping the treatment of such fungal diseases. in this study, we investigated the effect of the probiotic yeast saccharomyces boulardii (nom. nud.) on ... | 2016 | 27250926 |
| antifungal imidazole-decorated cationic amphiphiles with markedly low hemolytic activity. | herein we report that an imidazole-decorated cationic amphiphile derived from the pseudo-disaccharide nebramine has potent antifungal activity against strains of candida glabrata pathogens. in combination with the natural bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine the reported antifungal cationic amphiphile demonstrated synergistic antifungal activity against candida albicans pathogens. this unique membrane disruptor caused no detectible mammalian red blood cell hemolysis at concentrations up t ... | 2016 | 27258738 |
| candida glabrata's recurrent infections: biofilm formation during amphotericin b treatment. | candida species are responsible for recurrent human infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients, due to their high vulnerability. candida glabrata has a major role in systemic candidiasis and amphotericin b (amb), a polyene only used in hospitals, is frequently used to treat this disease. lately, however, clinical evidences of candida recurrent infections during these treatments are being described, probably due to biofilm (re)formation during this therapy. thus, this work aims at inferring ... | 2016 | 27259377 |
| oral yeast colonization in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. | we aimed to investigate the frequency of oral yeast colonization (oyc) and the risk factors for patients who received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) or hemodialysis (hd) or were renal transplant recipients (rtrs). the patients admitted to the nephrology clinic at ataturk university medical school from january through april 2013 were included in the study. a questionnaire about risk factors was filled out, and swab cultures were taken from the tongue surface of each participant. ... | 2016 | 27260810 |
| antibiofilm activity of carboxymethyl chitosan on the biofilms of non-candida albicans candida species. | although most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to candida albicans, non-c. albicans candida species have been isolated in increasing numbers in patients. in this study, we determined the inhibition of carboxymethyl chitosan (cm-chitosan) on single and mixed species biofilm of non-albicans candida species, including candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida krusei and candida glabrata. biofilm by all tested species in microtiter plates were inhibited nearly 70%. cm-chitosan inhib ... | 2016 | 27261732 |
| vapour and liquid-phase artemisia annua essential oil activities against several clinical strains of candida. | candida spp. are often the cause of infection in immune-compromised individuals. they are characterized by a strong resistance to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants. the activity of artemisia annua essential oil against candida spp. was determined by vapour contact and microdilution assay. the oil was characterized by the presence of oxygenated monoterpenes (more than 75 % of the constituents), mainly represented by the irregular monoterpene artemisia ketone (ca. 22 %), and the widespread mon ... | 2016 | 27286334 |
| activity of a long-acting echinocandin, cd101, determined using clsi and eucast reference methods, against candida and aspergillus spp., including echinocandin- and azole-resistant isolates. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of cd101, a novel echinocandin with a long serum elimination half-life, and comparator (anidulafungin and caspofungin) antifungal agents against a collection of candida and aspergillus spp. isolates. | 2016 | 27287236 |
| accessing spoilage features of osmotolerant yeasts identified from kiwifruit plantation and processing environment in shaanxi, china. | osmotolerant yeasts originating from kiwifruit industrial chain can result in spoilage incidences, while little information is available about their species and spoilage features. this work identified possible spoilage osmotolerant yeasts from orchards and a manufacturer (quick-freeze kiwifruit manufacturer) in main producing areas in shaanxi, china and further characterized their spoilage features. a total of 86 osmotolerant isolates dispersing over 29 species were identified through 26s rdna s ... | 2016 | 27294521 |
| in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of optimized nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol as a nonantibiotic, antimicrobial catheter lock solution for prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections. | the rapid, broad-spectrum, biofilm-eradicating activity of the combination of 0.01% nitroglycerin, 7% citrate, and 20% ethanol and its potential as a nonantibiotic, antimicrobial catheter lock solution (acls) were previously reported. here, a nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol (nice) acls optimized for clinical assessment was developed by reducing the nitroglycerin and citrate concentrations and increasing the ethanol concentration. biofilm-eradicating activity was sustained when the ethanol concentr ... | 2016 | 27297475 |
| upregulation of the adhesin gene epa1 mediated by pdr1 in candida glabrata leads to enhanced host colonization. | candida glabrata is the second most common candida species causing disseminated infection, after c. albicans. c. glabrata is intrinsically less susceptible to the widely used azole antifungal drugs and quickly develops secondary resistance. resistance typically relies on drug efflux with transporters regulated by the transcription factor pdr1. gain-of-function (gof) mutations in pdr1 lead to a hyperactive state and thus efflux transporter upregulation. our laboratory has characterized a collecti ... | 2017 | 27303714 |
| candida duobushaemulonii: an emerging rare pathogenic yeast isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in brazil. | the aim of this study was to identify candida species isolated from women diagnosed with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (rvvc) and their partners; and to evaluate the fluconazole (flz) susceptibility of the isolates. in a period of six years, among 172 patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis, 13 women that presented rvvc and their partners were selected for this investigation. the isolates were obtained using chromagar candida medium, the species identification was performed by phen ... | 2016 | 27304096 |
| [pulmonary fungal infection after renal transplantation: analysis of 40 cases]. | to explore the clinical characteristics, therapeutic measures and risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection in patients after renal transplantation. | 2016 | 27320896 |
| comparison of species-level identification and antifungal susceptibility results from diagnostic and reference laboratories for bloodstream candida surveillance isolates, south africa, 2009-2010. | from february 2009 through august 2010, we compared species-level identification of bloodstream candida isolates and susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin between diagnostic and reference south african laboratories during national surveillance for candidemia. diagnostic laboratories identified isolates to genus/species level and performed antifungal susceptibility testing, as indicated. at a reference laboratory, viable candida isolates were identified to species-level usi ... | 2016 | 27335055 |
| antihypertensive, amlodipine besilate inhibits growth and biofilm of human fungal pathogen candida. | candida albicans and candida glabrata are two important human pathogens associated with high mortality. the anti-candida potential of an antihypertensive drug, amlodipine besilate (ab), was studied against 10 strains of candida, including 8 clinical isolates. ab is an inhibitor of voltage-gated ca(2+) channel (vgcc) of mammals. cch1 expresses in a part of ca(2+) channel of candida, which is a homologue of α subunit of mammalian vgcc. in plate assays, all strains of candida showed sensitivity to ... | 2016 | 27336942 |
| epidemiologic and microbiologic evaluation of nosocomial infections associated with candida spp in children: a multicenter study from istanbul, turkey. | the purpose of this study was to establish species distribution of candida isolates from pediatric patients in istanbul, turkey, and to determine risk factors associated with nosocomial candida infections. | 2016 | 27339794 |
| iron-depletion promotes mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial integrity in pathogenic yeast candida glabrata. | candida glabrata, a haploid budding yeast, is the cause of severe systemic infections in immune-compromised hosts. the amount of free iron supplied to c. glabrata cells during systemic infections is severely limited by iron-chelating proteins such as transferrin. thus, the iron-deficiency response in c. glabrata cells is thought to play important roles in their survival inside the host's body. in this study, we found that mitophagy was induced under iron-depleted conditions, and that the disrupt ... | 2016 | 27347716 |
| inhibitory effect of alpha-mangostin on candida biofilms. | the objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of alpha-mangostin on candida biofilms. candida species including candida albicans, candida krusei, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata were tested. candida biofilms were formed in flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates. the metabolic activity of cells within biofilms was quantified using the xtt assay. the results demonstrated that alpha-mangostin showed a significant anti-biofilm effect on both developing biofilms and pre ... | 2017 | 27368963 |
| roles of vacuolar h+-atpase in the oxidative stress response of candida glabrata. | vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) is responsible for the acidification of eukaryotic intracellular compartments and plays an important role in oxidative stress response (osr), but its molecular bases are largely unknown. here, we investigated how v-atpase is involved in the osr by using a strain lacking vph2, which encodes an assembly factor of v-atpase, in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata the loss of vph2 resulted in increased h2o2 sensitivity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) ... | 2016 | 27370212 |
| a prospective surveillance study of candidaemia: epidemiology, risk factors, antifungal treatment and outcome in hospitalized patients. | this study provide an up-to-date overview of the epidemiology and risk factors for candida bloodstream infection in scotland in 2012/2013, and the antifungal susceptibility of isolates from blood cultures from 11 national health service boards within scotland. candida isolates were identified by chromogenic agar and confirmed by maldi-tof methods. survival and associated risk factors for patients stratified as albicans and non-albicans cases were assessed. information on the spectrum of antifung ... | 2016 | 27379047 |
| identification of candida species and susceptibility testing with sensititre yeastone microdilution panel to 9 antifungal agents. | to determine the species incidence and susceptibility pattern to 9 antifungal agents of yeasts isolated from various clinical specimens of colonized or infected patients treated in the coronary and surgical intensive care units (icu). | 2016 | 27381534 |
| identification of components of the sumoylation machinery in candida glabrata: role of the desumoylation peptidase cgulp2 in virulence. | regulation of protein function by reversible post-translational modification, sumoylation, is widely conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. sumoylation is essential for cell growth, division, and adaptation to stress in most organisms, including fungi. as these are key factors in determination of fungal virulence, in this study, we have investigated the importance of sumoylation in the human pathogen, candida glabrata we identified the enzymes involved in small ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation ... | 2016 | 27382059 |
| fungal peritonitis: underestimated disease in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis and spontaneous peritonitis. | spontaneous peritonitis, especially spontaneous fungal peritonitis (sfp), is an important and potentially fatal complication in patients with endstage liver disaese. we evaluated potential risk factors, microbiological findings, and outcome of patients with sfp compared to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) in critically ill patients. | 2016 | 27390856 |
| chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of tunisian limoniastrum guyonianum durieu ex boiss extracts. | in the present investigation, extracts obtained from l. guyonianum durieu ex boiss. aerial parts were used to evaluate total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. a study of antioxidant activities of the prepared samples was carried out on the basis of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), 2-2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts+.) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap) assays. moreover, the efficiency of methanolic, chloroformic and petroleum ether extracts and th ... | 2016 | 27393443 |
| candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults: a narrative review. | candidemia and invasive candidiasis are major causes of morbidity and mortality, and their incidence is increasing because of the growing complexity of patients. five species of candida (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis and candida krusei) account for more than 90% of all diagnosed cases, but their relative frequency varies depending on the population involved, geographical region, previous anti-fungal exposure, and patient age. the best evidence regar ... | 2016 | 27394927 |
| current trends in candidemia and species distribution among adults: candida glabrata surpasses c. albicans in diabetic patients and abdominal sources. | candidemia rate and species distribution vary according to the type of patients, country of origin and antifungal prophylaxis use. to present current candidemia epidemiological trends. a retrospective examination of candidemia in adults (≥18 years-old) hospitalised from 2007 to 2015. cases were identified through the microbiology laboratory. candida species were distinguished based on colony morphology and vitek-2 ybc cards, (biomerieux, durham, nc, usa). patient characteristics, species distrib ... | 2016 | 27402377 |
| expression of efflux pumps and fatty acid activator one genes in azole resistant candida glabrata isolated from immunocompromised patients. | acquired azole resistance in opportunistic fungi causes severe clinical problems in immunosuppressed individuals. this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in clinical isolates of candida glabrata. six unmatched strains were obtained from an epidemiological survey of candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts that included azole and amphotericin b susceptible and azole resistant clinical isolates. candida glabrata cbs 138 was used as reference strain. antifungal susceptibi ... | 2016 | 27424018 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of different components of centratherum anthelminticum and ocimum sanctum seed oils and their synergism against oral pathogenic fungi. | background. opportunistic fungal infections like candidiasis are common in the oral cavity. in recent years candida species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. this study assessed the antifungal activity of centratherum anthelminticum and ocimum sanctum seed oils against six common pathogenic candida strains. synergistic activity of the major oil components was also studied. methods. antifungal activity of centratherum anthelminticum and ocimum sanctum seed oils were teste ... | 2016 | 27429725 |
| isolation frequency characteristics of candida species from clinical specimens. | candida spp. is an invasive infectious fungus, a major risk factor that can increase morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. in this study, 2,508 candida spp. were isolated from various clinical specimens collected from university hospitals from july 2011 to october 2014. they were identified in order to determine isolation frequencies and characteristics by specimen, gender, age group, year, season, and month. the strain-specific isolation rate of candida spp. is in the order of candi ... | 2016 | 27433120 |
| a new isolation and evaluation method for marine-derived yeast spp. with potential applications in industrial biotechnology. | yeasts that are present in marine environments have evolved to survive hostile environments that are characterized by high exogenous salt content, high concentrations of inhibitory compounds, and low soluble carbon and nitrogen levels. therefore, yeasts isolated from marine environments could have interesting characteristics for industrial applications. however, the application of marine yeast in research or industry is currently very limited owing to the lack of a suitable isolation method. cur ... | 2016 | 27435537 |
| amino acid substitutions in erg11p of azole-resistant candida glabrata: possible effective substitutions and homology modelling. | understanding the mechanisms responsible for fluconazole resistance in candida glabrata is not only crucial for the development of new antifungals but is also important in choosing appropriate antifungals for patients at the earliest stages. the aim of this study was to determine the erg11p amino acid substitutions in fluconazole-resistant c. glabrata isolates. sixty clinical isolates of c. glabrata were investigated. in vitro antifungal activities of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole w ... | 2016 | 27436465 |
| cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant candida glabrata strains. | in the present study, three strains of candida glabrata have been investigated to shed light on the mechanisms involved in azole resistance during adherence and biofilm formation. in particular, a clinical isolate, susceptible to azole-based drugs, dsy562 and two different resistant mutagenic strains deriving from dsy562, sfy114 and sfy115, have been analysed with different approaches for their cell wall composition and properties. a proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of six cell wa ... | 2016 | 27439026 |
| acute hepatic injury with amphotericin b deoxycholate in an immunocompetent patient. | amphotericin b deoxycholate (ambd) is rarely used due to its adverse effect profile, which includes nephrotoxicity, infusion-related reactions, and hepatotoxicity. the incidence of hepatotoxicity related to ambd is 18-23%, but the reports of this adverse effect are mainly in immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy. we report a case of ambd-related acute hepatic injury in an immunocompetent male with multiple medical problems. the patient initially had acute hepatic injury likely caused ... | 2017 | 27440960 |
| identification of genes in candida glabrata conferring altered responses to caspofungin, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor. | candida glabrata is an important human fungal pathogen whose incidence continues to rise. because many clinical isolates are resistant to azole drugs, the drugs of choice to treat such infections are members of the echinocandin family, although there are increasing reports of resistance to these drugs as well. in efforts to better understand the genetic changes that lead to altered responses to echinocandins, we screened a transposon-insertion library of mutants for strains to identify genes tha ... | 2016 | 27449515 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of candida species isolated from urine culture. | candida spp. are the most common opportunistic mycosis worldwide. although candida albicans is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, the frequency of non-albicans candida species is increasing with common use of antifungal in the prophylaxis and treatment. this may lead to difficulties in treatment. antifungal tests should be applied with identification of species for effective treatment. in this study, identification of candida species isolated from urine culture and investigation ... | 2016 | 27452427 |
| antifungal potential of eugenyl acetate against clinical isolates of candida species. | the study evaluated the efficiency of eugenyl acetate (ea), a phytochemical in clove essential oil, against clinical isolates of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of ea against candida isolates were in the range between 0.1% and 0.4% (v/v). spot assay further confirmed the susceptibility of candida isolates to the compound upon treatment with respective 1 × mic. growth profile measured in time kill study evid ... | 2016 | 27452957 |
| bortezomib inhibits bacterial and fungal β-carbonic anhydrases. | inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) from pathogenic fungi (cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, candida glabrata, malassezia globosa) and bacteria (three isoforms from mycobacterium tuberculosis, rv3273, rv1284 and rv3588), as well from the insect drosophila melanogaster (dmeca) and the plant flaveria bidentis (fbica1) with the boronic acid peptidomimetic proteosome inhibitor bortezomib was investigated. bortezomib was a micromolar inhibitor of all these enzymes, with ... | 2016 | 27469982 |
| interaction of human fibronectin with candida glabrata epithelial adhesin 6 (epa6). | adherence of pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins and host cells is one of the essential steps in the microbial colonization of the human organism. the adhesion of c. glabrata, i.e. the second major causative agent of human disseminated candidiases after c. albicans, to the host epithelium mainly engages specific fungal cell wall proteins - epithelial adhesins (epa) - in particular, epa1, epa6 and epa7. the aim of the present study was to identify the major epa protein involved in the inte ... | 2016 | 27474404 |
| discontinuation of echinocandin and azole treatments led to the disappearance of an fks alteration but not azole resistance during clonal candida glabrata persistent candidaemia. | to give an indication of a fitness cost conferred by fks mutation-associated echinocandin resistance in candida glabrata during human infection. six c. glabrata clinical strains sequentially isolated from blood and a hepatic abscess in a solid organ transplant recipient were analysed. the patient had received long-term azole and echinocandin therapy for invasive aspergillosis and persistent candidaemia. minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by the european committee on antimicrobial ... | 2016 | 27484020 |
| heteroresistance to fluconazole is a continuously distributed phenotype among candida glabrata clinical strains associated with in vivo persistence. | candida glabrata causes persistent infections in patients treated with fluconazole and often acquires resistance following exposure to the drug. here we found that clinical strains of c. glabrata exhibit cell-to-cell variation in drug response (heteroresistance). we used population analysis profiling (pap) to assess fluconazole heteroresistance (flc(hr)) and to ask if it is a binary trait or a continuous phenotype. thirty (57.6%) of 52 fluconazole-sensitive clinical c. glabrata isolates met acce ... | 2016 | 27486188 |
| evaluation of antifungal activity of standardized extract of salvia rhytidea benth. (lamiaceae) against various candida isolates. | salvia species have long been described in traditional medicine for various indications. owing to the widespread use of this genus by ethnic populations, especially for various infections ranging from skin disease to gastrointestinal disorders, we were encouraged to determine whether salvia rhytidea could be effective against fungal infections. given the increased incidence of candidiasis in the past decade, limits on the use of antifungal drugs, emergence of azole-resistant candida species and ... | 2016 | 27499461 |
| antimicrobial efficacy of complete denture cleansers. | to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of alkaline peroxides against microbial biofilms on acrylic resin surfaces. | 2016 | 27505991 |
| effect of mechanical toothbrushing combined with different denture cleansers in reducing the viability of a multispecies biofilm on acrylic resins. | to investigate the efficacy of immersion and brushing with different cleansing agents in reducing the viability of multispecies biofilm on acrylic resins. | 2016 | 27505992 |
| identification, antifungal resistance profile, in vitro biofilm formation and ultrastructural characteristics of candida species isolated from diabetic foot patients in northern india. | diabetic foot ulcers are a serious cause of diagnostic and therapeutic concern. the following study was undertaken to determine the fungal causes of diabetic foot ulcers, with their phenotypic and genotypic characterisation. | 2017 | 27514952 |
| fungal infections in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis. | this study aimed to evaluate the influence of fungal infection and antifungal treatment on outcome in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis (won). | 2016 | 27518465 |
| [comparison of microdilution and disk diffusion methods for the detection of fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibility against clinical candida glabrata isolates and determination of changing susceptibility with new clsi breakpoints]. | candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species as the causative agent of candida infections. however, in recent years, the isolation rate of non-albicans candida species have increased. in many centers, candida glabrata is one of the commonly isolated non-albicans species of c.glabrata infections which are difficult-to-treat due to decreased susceptibility to fluconazole and cross-resistance to other azoles. the aims of this study were to determine the in vitro susceptibility profiles ... | 2016 | 27525398 |
| characterisation of probiotic properties in human vaginal lactobacilli strains. | vaginal lactobacilli offer protection against recurrent urinary infections, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal candidiasis. | 2016 | 27527701 |
| in vitro activities of six antifungal drugs against candida glabrata isolates: an emerging pathogen. | candida glabrata is a pathogenic yeast with several unique biological features and associated with an increased incidence rate of candidiasis. it exhibits a great degree of variation in its pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility. | 2016 | 27540459 |
| in vitro activity of anidulafungin in combination with amphotericin b or voriconazole against biofilms of five candida species. | to evaluate the in vitro activity of anidulafungin combined with amphotericin b or voriconazole against candida spp. biofilms. | 2016 | 27543657 |
| anti-candida activity assessment of pelargonium graveolens oil free and nanoemulsion in biofilm formation in hospital medical supplies. | infections due to microbial biofilm formation on the surface of catheters and other medical devices are constantly reported as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to hospitals. furthermore, sessile cells are more resistant to phagocytosis and most antimicrobial, which complicates the treatment of such infections. researches aimed at new antimicrobial originating mainly from plants have increased in recent years and the development of new strategies for their release is ... | 2016 | 27544324 |
| kre5 suppression induces cell wall stress and alternative er stress response required for maintaining cell wall integrity in candida glabrata. | the maintenance of cell wall integrity in fungi is required for normal cell growth, division, hyphae formation, and antifungal tolerance. we observed that endoplasmic reticulum stress regulated cell wall integrity in candida glabrata, which possesses uniquely evolved mechanisms for unfolded protein response mechanisms. tetracycline-mediated suppression of kre5, which encodes a predicted udp-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, significantly increased c ... | 2016 | 27548283 |
| rapid detection of fks-associated echinocandin resistance in candida glabrata. | a novel and highly accurate diagnostic assay platform was established for rapid identification of fks mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in candida glabrata the assay platform uses allele-specific molecular beacon and dna melt analysis following asymmetric pcr. a dual assay for fks1 and fks2 was developed to identify within 3 h the most common and clinically relevant resistance-associated mutations, including 8 fks1 hs1 (wild type [wt], s629p, f625s, d632y, d632e [t1896g], d632e [ ... | 2016 | 27550360 |
| prevalence of periodontopathogens and candida spp. in smokers after nonsurgical periodontal therapy - a pilot study. | this pilot study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on clinical and microbiological parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. forty-eight subjects were grouped into smokers (sm, n = 24) and nonsmokers (ns, n = 24) and paired according to gender, age, ethnicity, and periodontal status. both groups received oral hygiene education and scaling and root planing. clinical evaluation was performed using plaque index (pi), bleeding on probing (bop), pocket probing depth (ppd), gingival r ... | 2016 | 27556680 |
| metal-based ethanolamine-derived compounds: a note on their synthesis, characterization and bioactivity. | metal-based ethanolamines, (l(1))-(l(4)) coordinated with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metals in 1:2 (metal:ligand) molar ratio to produce new compounds have been reported. these compounds were screened for their bactericidal/fungicidal activity against a number of bacterial (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis) and fungal strains (trichophyton longifusus, candida albicans, aspergillus flavus, microsporum ... | 2016 | 27557038 |
| new adamantyl chalcones: synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. | a new variety of adamantyl chalcones (2, 3a-o) were efficiently prepared by claisen-schmidt reaction of 4-adamantyl acetophenone 2 with a serie of aromatic aldehydes in good yields. their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data, and the relative configuration of 3d was confirmed by x-ray crystallography. all synthesized chalcones were tested against a panel of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungus and displayed strong antibacterial activity against enterococcus fa ... | 2017 | 27558673 |
| candidemia in cancer patients: focus mainly on hematological malignancyand hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | although many new antifungals have become commercially available since 2000, candidemia remains an important public health issue because of its poor prognosis. some studies have suggested that early antifungal therapy is associated with decreased mortality; however, it is difficult to promptly diagnose candidemia because of the poor sensitivity of blood cultures. thus, prophylaxis against candida infection is recommended in patient groups in whom the risk of infection is high, such as allogeneic ... | 2016 | 27581780 |
| candida-induced prosthetic joint infection. a literature review including 72 cases and a case report. | the clinical and microbiological characteristics of prosthetic joint infection (pji) caused by candida species is described, including 72 cases in the literature and a case of candida glabrata infection handled at the present centre. | 2017 | 27586845 |
| micafungin treatment and eradication of candiduria among hospitalized patients. | in high-risk patients, candiduria may be associated with the development of urinary tract infections (uti) and invasive candidiasis. the triazole antifungals achieve good urine concentrations, but their use is limited by the emergence of non-albicans candida spp. with low-triazole susceptibility. the echinocandins remain fungicidal against many azole-resistant candida spp., but low urine concentrations limit their use. we examined the rates of candiduria elimination in micafungin-treated patient ... | 2016 | 27587066 |
| population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in icu patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation. | to identify the factors associated with the interindividual pharmacokinetic (pk) variability of micafungin and to evaluate the probability of reaching the previously determined pk/pharmacodynamic efficacy thresholds (auc/mic >5000 for non-parapsilosis candida sp. and ≥285 for candida parapsilosis) with the recommended 100 mg daily dose in icu patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation. | 2017 | 27609051 |
| onychomycosis secondary to onychomadesis: an underdiagnosed manifestation. | onychomycosis is a rare nail disorder in early childhood, while onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic, non-inflammatory disease that affects the nail matrix and is common in children especially in those who suffer from viral infections. in this study, we investigated recent cases of onychomycosis subsequent to periods of onychomadesis in children. sixteen young children (six males, 10 females) with a mean age of 36.5 months were diagnosed with onychomadesis, and 13 of the patients had a history ... | 2017 | 27618806 |
| antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from patients with candidemia in southern taiwan, 2007-2012: impact of new antifungal breakpoints. | the clinical and laboratory standard institute (clsi) revised the clinical breakpoints (cbps) for the azoles and echinocandins against candida species in 2012. we aimed to report the epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal susceptibility of candida species and evaluate the impact of new cbps on antifungal susceptibility in our region. all blood isolates of candida species were obtained from 2007 to 2012. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluconazole, voriconazole, echinocandins and fluc ... | 2017 | 27621210 |