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an induced extrinsic tooth stain prevention model to investigate whitening potential of sugar-free chewing gums.to establish an accelerated clinical test method to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar-free gums in prevention of the formation of extrinsic stains when chewed over a 2-week period in conjunction with daily tooth brushing. a secondary objective was to compare three methods for measuring extrinsic stain.201729251453
effect of various teas on color stability of resin composites.to investigate the effect of various teas on color stability of resin composites.201729251455
external morphology of the mouthparts and observations on behavior of tuckerella japonica on camellia sinensis in the continental usa.tuckerella japonica ehara (acari: tetranychoidea: tuckerellidae) was found on stems of seedling plants of camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (theaceae) in the continental usa. this mite is able to pierce exposed green periderm tissue with its paired stylets on 1- to 3- or 4-year-old stems where the outer bark had split longitudinally. the mite was not found on branches older than 3 or 4 years, where splitting diminished and, eventually, a uniform covering of bark was formed. the mouthparts of t. j ...201729255965
green synthesis palladium nanoparticles mediated by white tea (camellia sinensis) extract with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities toward the human leukemia (molt-4) cell line.among nanoparticles used for medical applications, palladium nanoparticles (pdnps) are among the least investigated. this study was undertaken to develop pdnps by green synthesis using white tea (w.tea; camellia sinensis) extract to produce the pd@w.tea nps. the pd@w.tea nps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry, and evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the pd@w.tea nps were spherical (size 6-18 nm) and contain ...201729276385
shade changing effectiveness of plasdone and blue covarine-based whitening toothpaste on teeth stained with chlorhexidine and black tea.this study evaluated the effectiveness of toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste in altering the shade of stained human enamel.201729279667
comparative effect of camellia sinensis teas on object recognition test deficit and metabolic changes induced by cafeteria diet.consumption of high-fat and high-sugar diets in western countries has increased significantly causing major global health problems including metabolic syndrome and obesity. in addition, studies have suggested that obesity can lead to learning and memory deficits. in this context, the use of natural compounds with low costs, minor side effects and increased antioxidant activity, such as teas, could reduce the damages induced by obesity. we investigated the effect of white, green, red, and black t ...201729280418
contamination of tea and tea infusion with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.the aim of this work was to validate the method of determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), i.e., benzo(a)pyrene and sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene in different types of tea, as well as to assess the transfer of these contaminants from tea to tea infusion. the research materials were popular types of black, green, red and white tea. quantitative and qualitative determination of pahs was performed by high performance liquid chromatogra ...201729283369
simplified recovery of enzymes and nutrients in sweet potato wastewater and preparing health black tea and theaflavins with scrap tea.the industry discards generous organic wastewater in sweet potato starch factory and scrap tea in tea production. a simplified procedure to recover all biochemicals from the wastewater of sweet potato starch factory and use them to make health black tea and theaflavins from scrap green tea was developed. the sweet potato wastewater was sequentially treated by isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to recover polyphenol oxidase (ppo), β-amylase, and small molecular fraction ...201829287451
an emerging strategy for evaluating the grades of keemun black tea by combinatory liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and inhibition effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase.quantitative analysis and untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrum (lc-ms) based metabolomics of different grades of keemun black tea (kbt) were conducted. quantitative analysis did not show tight correlation between tea grades and contents of polyphenols, but untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that high-grades kbt were distinguished from the low-grades. s-plot and variable importance (vip) analysis gave 28 marker compounds responsible for the discrimination of different grades of k ...201829291881
naphthoquinone metabolites produced by monacrosporium ambrosium, the ectosymbiotic fungus of tea shot-hole borer, euwallacea fornicatus, in stems of tea, camellia sinensis.the tea shot-hole borer beetle (tshb, euwallacea fornicatus) causes serious damage in plantations of tea, camellia sinensis var. assamica, in sri lanka and south india. tshb is found in symbiotic association with the ambrosia fungus, monacrosporium ambrosium (syn. fusarium ambrosium), in galleries located within stems of tea bushes. m. ambrosium is known to be the sole food source of tshb. six naphthoquinones produced during spore germination in a laboratory culture broth of m. ambrosium were is ...201829292470
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin by regulating the copper transporter 1 and glutathione in human ovarian cancer cells.ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among the gynecologic cancers. the side effects, high relapse rate, and drug resistance lead to low long-term survival rate (less than 40%) of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3), a black tea polyphenol, showed less cytotoxicity to normal ovarian cells than ovarian cancer cells. we aimed to investigate whether tf3 could potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines. in the pres ...201829301278
fat burner-induced acute liver injury: case series of four patients.dietary supplements known as "fat burners" are typically marketed with claims of increasing energy expenditure through alterations in fat metabolism. they are marketed as natural products and their use is thus perceived as a safe body weight reduction strategy. we report on five episodes of liver injury in four patients. liver injury was associated with consumption of different commercially available fat burners: green tea extract (camellia sinensis), garcinia gummi-gutta, green coffee beans, an ...201729310849
proteome and acetyl-proteome profiling of camellia sinensis cv. 'anjin baicha' during periodic albinism reveals alterations in photosynthetic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways.tea leaf color is not only important from an aesthetics standpoint but is also related to tea quality. to investigate the molecular mechanisms that determine tea leaf color, we examined camellia sinensis cv. 'anjin baicha' (an albino tea cultivar) by tandem mass tag isobaric labeling to generate a high-resolution proteome and acetyl-proteome atlas of three leaf developmental stages. we identified a total of 7,637 proteins and quantified 6,256; of these, 3,232 were classified as differentially ac ...201729312376
isolation and characterization of key genes that promote flavonoid accumulation in purple-leaf tea (camellia sinensis l.).there were several high concentrations of flavonoid components in tea leaves that present health benefits. a novel purple-leaf tea variety, 'mooma1', was obtained from the natural hybrid population of longjing 43 variety. the buds and young leaves of 'mooma1' were displayed in bright red. hplc and lc-ms analysis showed that anthocyanins and o-glycosylated flavonols were remarkably accumulated in the leaves of 'mooma1', while the total amount of catechins in purple-leaf leaves was slightly decrea ...201829317677
epigallocatechin gallate from green tea exhibits potent anticancer effects in a-549 non-small lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell migration.green tea (camellia sinensis) is considered as a rich source of epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) which has been shown to exert impressive pharmacological properties. the anticancer properties of egcg have been extensively studied however, its anticancer activity has not been explored in lung cancer. the present study was therefore designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of egcg against non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) cell line a-549 and normal human fibroblast fr-2 cells.201829332333
phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and methylglyoxal trapping properties of zijuan tea.zijuan tea (camellia sinensis var. assamica) is a unique anthocyanin-rich tea cultivar in china. although chemical component analysis of zijuan tea and extraction technology of anthocyanins was widely documented, its functional properties have not been extensively explored. in this study, the anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and methylglyoxal (mgo) trapping activities of water extract (zwe) and ethyl acetate extract (zee) of zijuan tea were investigated for the 1st time. results showed that ...201829337349
cymbopogon citratus and camellia sinensis extracts selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and reduce growth of lymphoma xenografts in vivo.cancer cells are reported to have elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and are highly dependent on cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. numerous nutraceuticals and natural polyphenolic compounds have a wide range of abilities to alter cellular redox states with potential implications in various diseases. furthermore, therapeutic options for cancers are mostly nonselective treatments including genotoxic or tubulin-targeting compounds. some of the natural extracts, con ...201729340014
exogenous melatonin alleviates cold stress by promoting antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis in camellia sinensis l.the unprecedented early spring frost that appears as a cold stress adversely affects growth and productivity in tea (camellia sinensis l.); therefore, it is indispensable to develop approaches to improve the cold tolerance of tea. here, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with exogenous melatonin on the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of psii, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation, antioxidant potential, and redox ...201829342935
a metabolomics study reveals enhanced inhibition and metabolic dysregulation in e. coli induced by lactobacillus acidophilus fermented black tea extract.this study examined the ability of lactobacillus acidophilus (la) to ferment black tea extract (bte), and the enhancement of escherichia coli cellular uptake of phenolic compounds when this bacteria was incubated with fermented bte. the inhibitory effects of bte to e. coli bacteria, with and w/o fermentation, were compared. several intracellular phenolic compounds, as well as metabolic profiles of e. coli with and w/o treatments, were also determined using a hplc-ms/ms-based approach. our result ...201829345909
a blend of extracts from houttuynia cordata, nelumbo nucifera, and camellia sinensis protects against ethanol-induced liver damage in c57bl/6 mice.the protective activity of a mixture of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from houttuynia cordata thunb, nelumbo nucifera g. leaves, and camellia sinensis seed (hnc) was evaluated in c57bl/6 mice. pretreatment with hnc prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase caused by ethanol-induced hepatic damage. the hnc-treated mice showed significantly lower triglyceride levels, reduced cyp2e1 activity, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities and lipogenic m ...201829356593
the modulatory effect of polyphenols from green tea, oolong tea and black tea on human intestinal microbiota in vitro.in the present study, polyphenols from green tea (gtp), oolong tea (otp) and black tea (btp) were prepared by extraction with hot water and polyamide column chromatography. in antioxidant assay in vitro, each tea polyphenols exhibited potential activity; the intestinal absorption of gtp, otp and btp was investigated individually by caco-2 transwell system, and each sample was poorly transported, illustrating a low transport rate for tea polyphenols through cell monolayers. the effects of gtp, ot ...201829358833
black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-a after arithmetic tasks.growing attention has been paid to the effects of food flavor components on alleviating negative brain functions caused by stressful lifestyles. in this study, we investigated the alleviating effect of two kinds of black tea aromas on physical and psychological stress induced by the uchida-kraepelin test, based on salivary chromogranin-a (cga) levels as a stress marker and subjective evaluations (profile of mood states).201829361988
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