Publications

rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal - part 1: pathogenesis and epidemiology.	rhodococcus equi pneumonia is a worldwide infectious disease of major concern to the equine breeding industry. the disease typically manifests in foals as pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. inhalation of aerosolised virulent r. equi from the environment and intracellular replication within alveolar macrophages are essential components of the pathogenesis of r. equi pneumonia in the foal. recently documented evidence of airborne transmission betwe ...	2011	22015138
Mucosal co-immunization of mice with recombinant lactococci secreting VapA antigen and leptin elicits a protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi infection.	Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in foals and has recently gained attention as a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. However, no effective vaccine to prevent rhodococcosis is currently available. In this study, we have engineered the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis to secrete the virulence-associated protein A from R. equi (LL-VapA). The immunogenic potential of LL-VapA strain was then evaluated after either intragastric or intranasal immunization in m ...	2011	22019740
structural features in the ksha terminal oxygenase protein that determine substrate preference of 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase enzymes.	rieske nonheme monooxygenase 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase (ksh) enzymes play a central role in bacterial steroid catabolism. ksh is a two-component iron-sulfur-containing enzyme, with ksha representing the terminal oxygenase component and kshb the reductase component. we previously reported that the ksha1 and ksha5 homologues of rhodococcus rhodochrous dsm43269 have clearly different substrate preferences. ksha protein sequence alignments and three-dimensional crystal structure information for k ...	2012	22020644
effects of opsonization of rhodococcus equi on bacterial viability and phagocyte activation.	to investigate the effect of opsonization of rhodococcus equi with r. equi-specific antibodies in plasma on bacterial viability and phagocyte activation in a cell culture model of infection.	2011	22023124
biosynthesis of benzoylformic acid from benzoyl cyanide by a newly isolated rhodococcus sp. cczu10-1 in toluene-water biphasic system.	benzoylformic acid was synthesized from the hydrolysis of benzoyl cyanide by a newly isolated rhodococcus sp. cczu10-1. in this study, an aqueous-toluene biphasic system was developed for highly efficient production of benzoylformic acid from the hydrolysis of benzoyl cyanide. in the aqueous-toluene biphasic system, the phase volume ratio, buffer ph and reaction temperature were optimized. using fed-batch method, a total of 932mm benzoylformic acid accumulated in the reaction mixture after the 1 ...	2011	22033370
Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal - Part 2: Diagnostics, treatment and disease management.	Various challenges face clinicians and farm managers in diagnosing, treating and preventing Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. The use of ultrasound imaging has aided in the early diagnosis of the disease, reducing treatment duration and improving therapeutic outcomes. Antimicrobial resistance in R. equi is an emerging issue that necessitates prudent antimicrobial therapy of diseased foals. Alternative methods of disease transmission, such as contagious foal-to-foal aerosol transmission, may need to be ...	2011	22036870
compositions of microbial communities associated with oil and water in a mesothermic oil field.	samples of produced water and oil obtained from the enermark field (near medicine hat, alberta, canada) were separated into oil and aqueous phases first gravitationally and then through centrifugation at 20°c in an atmosphere of 90% n(2) and 10% co(2). biomass that remained associated with oil after gravitational separation (1×g) was dislodged by centrifugation at 25,000×g. dna was isolated from the aqueous and oil-associated biomass fractions and subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplifica ...	2011	22038128
High-sensitivity stable-isotope probing by a quantitative terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol.	Stable-isotope probing (SIP) has proved a valuable cultivation-independent tool for linking specific microbial populations to selected functions in various natural and engineered systems. However, application of SIP to microbial populations with relatively minor buoyant density increases, such as populations that utilize compounds as a nitrogen source, results in reduced resolution of labeled populations. We therefore developed a tandem quantitative PCR (qPCR)-TRFLP (terminal restriction fragmen ...	2012	22038597
Siderophore production by actinomycetes isolates from two soil sites in Western Australia.	The actinomycetes are metabolically flexible soil micro-organisms capable of producing a range of compounds of interest, including siderophores. Siderophore production by actinomycetes sampled from two distinct and separate geographical sites in Western Australia were investigated and found to be generally similar in the total percentage of siderophore producers found. The only notable difference was the proportion of isolates producing catechol siderophores with only 3% found in site 1 (from th ...	2011	22038645
Genome sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis XP, a biodesulfurizing bacterium with industrial potential.	Rhodococcus erythropolis strains have shown excellent characteristics in petroleum oil biodesulfurization. Here we present the first announcement of the draft genome sequence of an efficient biodesulfurizing bacterium named R. erythropolis XP (7,229,582 bp). The biodesulfurizing genes dszABC are located on a plasmid, while the flavin reductase gene dszD is located on the chromosome.	2011	22038975
chloroform aerobic cometabolism by butane-growing rhodococcus aetherovorans bcp1 in continuous-flow biofilm reactors.	this work focuses on chloroform (cf) cometabolism by a butane-grown aerobic pure culture (rhodococcus aetherovorans bcp1) in continuous-flow biofilm reactors. the goals were to obtain preliminary information on the feasibility of cf biodegradation by bcp1 in biofilm reactors and to evaluate the applicability of the pulsed injection of growth substrate and oxygen to biofilm reactors. the attached-cell tests were initially conducted in a 0.165-l bioreactor and, then, scaled-up to a 1.772-l bioreac ...	2011	22042557
physiology of biosurfactant synthesis by rhodococcus species h13-a.	the physiology of biosurfactant synthesis by a soil isolate, identified as a rhodococcus species, is described. the biosurfactant is a surface-active glycolipid produced during the stationary growth phase of rhodococcus species h13-a on n-alkanes and fatty alcohols in response to limiting ammonium ion concentrations. hexadecane-grown cells produced increasing amounts of extracellular glycolipid when the carbon to nitrogen ratio (c/n) was increased from 1.7 to 3.4. the increase in extracellular g ...	1990	22049932
physical and chemical properties of a biosurfactant synthesized by rhodococcus species h13-a.	the chemical and physical properties of a biosurfactant synthesized by hexadecane-grown rhodococcus species h13-a are described. the biosurfactant is an anionic glycolipid consisting of 1 major and 10 minor components. the hydrophilic portion of the molecule is trehalose, which is acylated with normal c(10) to c(22) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, c(35) to c(40) mycolic acids, hexanedioic and dodecanedioic acids, and 10-methyl hexadecanoic and 10-methyl octadecanoic acids. the major glyco ...	1990	22049933
the potential of epiphytic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria on legume leaves for attenuation of atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants.	the leaves of two legumes, peas and beans, harbored on their surfaces up to 9×10⁷ cells g⁻¹ of oil-utilizing bacteria. less numbers, up to 5×10⁵ cells g⁻¹ inhabited leaves of two nonlegume crops, namely tomato and sunflower. older leaves accommodated more of such bacteria than younger ones. plants raised in oily environments were colonized by much more oil-utilizing bacteria than those raised in pristine (oil-free) environments. similar numbers were counted on the same media in which nitrogen sa ...	2012	22054577
isolation of a novel carotenoid, oh-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate, and related rare carotenoids from rhodococcus sp. cip and their antioxidative activities.	in the course of screening for antioxidative carotenoids from bacteria, we isolated and identified a novel carotenoid, oh-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate (4), and rare carotenoids, oh-chlorobactene glucoside (1), oh-γ-carotene glucoside (2) and oh-4-keto-γ-carotene glucoside hexadecanoate (3) from rhodococcus sp. cip. the singlet oxygen ((1)o(2)) quenching model of these carotenoids showed potent antioxidative activities ic(50) 14.6 µm for oh-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate (4), 6.5 ...	2011	22056433
Vanillin Catabolism in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.	Genes encoding vanillin dehydrogenase (vdh) and vanillate O-demethylase (vanAB) were identified in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 using gene disruption and enzyme activities. During growth on vanillin or vanillate, vanA was highly upregulated while vdh was not. This study contributes to our understanding of lignin degradation by RHA1 and other actinomycetes.	2012	22057861
identification of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the larvae and adult of wild caught anopheles stephensi: a step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates.	to describe the midgut microbial diversity and to find the candidate bacteria for the genetic manipulation for the generation of paratransgenic anopheline mosquitoes refractory to transmission of malaria, the microbiota of wild larvae and adult anopheles stephensi mosquito midgut from southern iran was studied using a conventional cell-free culture technique and analysis of a 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence library. forty species in 12 genera including seven gram-negative myroides, chryse ...	2012	22074685
efficient biostimulation of native and introduced quorum-quenching rhodococcus erythropolis populations is revealed by a combination of analytical chemistry, microbiology, and pyrosequencing.	degradation of the quorum-sensing (qs) signals known as n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahl) by soil bacteria may be useful as a beneficial trait for protecting crops, such as potato plants, against the worldwide pathogen pectobacterium. in this work, analytical chemistry and microbial and molecular approaches were combined to explore and compare biostimulation of native and introduced ahl-degrading rhodococcus erythropolis populations in the rhizosphere of potato plants cultivated in farm greenhouse ...	2012	22081576
Isolation of bacteria capable of growth with 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin as the sole carbon and energy sources.	Using a relatively simple enrichment technique, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB)-biodegrading bacteria were isolated from a digestion basin in an aquaculture unit. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated one of the three isolates with the Gram-positive genus Rhodococcus, while the other two isolates were found to be closely related to the Gram-negative family Comamonadaceae (Variovorax and Comamonas). Growth rates and geosmin and MIB removal rates by the isolates were determined und ...	2012	22081577
catabolic pathway of gamma-caprolactone in the biocontrol agent rhodococcus erythropolis.	gamma-caprolactone (gcl) is well-known as a food flavor and has been recently described as a biostimulant molecule promoting the growth of bacteria with biocontrol activity against soft-rot pathogens. among these biocontrol agents, rhodococcus erythropolis, characterized by a remarkable metabolic versatility, assimilates various γ-butyrolactone molecules with a branched-aliphatic chain, such as gcl. the assimilative pathway of gcl in r. erythropolis was investigated by two-dimensional gel electr ...	2011	22085026
development of a live, attenuated, potential vaccine strain of r. equi expressing vapa and the virr operon, and virulence assessment in the mouse.	pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi remains a significant problem in foals. the objective of this study was to develop a safe and efficacious attenuated strain of r. equi for eventual use in oral immunization of foals. the approach involved expression of vapa in a live, virulence plasmid-negative, strain of r. equi (strain 103-). pcr-amplified fragments of the vapa gene, with and without the upstream genes virr, orf5, vaph, orf7 and orf8 (orf4-8), were cloned into a shuttle vector pnbv1. these ...	2011	22088674
Diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals.	Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals. Although R. equi can be cultured from the environment of virtually all horse farms, the clinical disease in foals is endemic at some farms, sporadic at others, and unrecognized at many. On farms where the disease is endemic, costs associated with morbidity and mortality attributable to R. equi may be very high. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide recomme ...	2011	22092608
rhodococcus equi: clinical manifestations, virulence, and immunity.	pneumonia is a major cause of disease and death in foals. rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is a common cause of pneumonia in foals. this article reviews the clinical manifestations of infection caused by r. equi in foals and summarizes current knowledge regarding mechanisms of virulence of, and immunity to, r. equi. a complementary consensus statement providing recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by r. eq ...	2011	22092609
isolation of the fenoxaprop-ethyl (fe)-degrading bacterium rhodococcus sp. t1, and cloning of fe hydrolase gene feh.	an enrichment culture which completely degraded fenoxaprop-ethyl (fe) was acquired by using fe as sole carbon source. an efficient fe-degrading strain t1 was isolated from the enrichment culture and identified as rhodococcus sp. strain t1 could degrade 94% of 100 mg l(-1) fe within 24 h and the metabolite fenoxaprop acid (fa) was identified by hplc/ms analysis. this strain converted fe by cleavage of the ester bond, but could not further degrade fa. strain t1 could also efficiently degrade halox ...	2011	22092720
clinical impact of the use of 16s rrna sequencing method for the identification of "difficult-to-identify" bacteria in immunocompromised hosts.	molecular method of 16s rrna sequencing is reported to be helpful in the accurate identification of organisms with ambiguous phenotypic profiles. we analyzed the use of 16s rrna sequencing method to identify clinically significant, "difficult-to-identify" bacteria recovered from clinical specimens, and evaluated its role in patient management and consequent clinical outcome. among the 172 "difficult-to-identify" bacteria recovered over a 4-year period, 140 were gram-positive cocci or gram-negati ...	2011	22093075
construction of escherichia coli-arthrobacter-rhodococcus shuttle vectors based on a cryptic plasmid from arthrobacter rhombi and investigation of their application for functional screening.	a cryptic plasmid from arthrobacter rhombi prh1, designated as pprh, was sequenced and characterized. it was 5000 bp in length with a g+c content of 66 mol%. the plasmid pprh was predicted to encode six putative open reading frames (orfs), in which orf2 and orf3 formed the minimal replicon of plasmid pprh and shared 55-61% and 60-69% homology, respectively, with the repa and repb proteins of reported rhodococcal plasmids. sequence analysis revealed a typical cole2-type ori located 45 bp upstream ...	2011	22098420
Metabolic engineering of hydrophobic Rhodococcus opacus for biodesulfurization in oil-water biphasic reaction mixtures.	An organic solvent-tolerant bacterium, Rhodococcus opacus B-4, was metabolically engineered to remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT), a component of crude oil. The resulting recombinant strain ROD2-8 constitutively expressed the Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 genes dszA, dszB, and dszC, encoding dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate desulfinase, and dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, respectively, of the 4S pathway to avoid transcriptional inhibition by t ...	2011	22099375
isolation and characterization of a rhodococcus strain able to degrade 2-fluorophenol.	a pure bacterial culture able to utilize 2-fluorophenol (2-fp) as sole carbon and energy source was isolated by selective enrichment from sediments collected from a contaminated site in northern portugal. 16s rrna gene analysis showed that the organism (strain fp1) belongs to the genus rhodococcus. when grown aerobically on 2-fp, growth kinetics of strain fp1 followed the luong model. an inhibitory effect of increasing 2-fp concentrations was observed with no growth occurring at 2-fp levels high ...	2011	22101783
Cloning, overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of 3-ketosteroid ?(4)-(5a)-dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.	3-Ketosteroid dehydrogenases are flavoproteins which play key roles in steroid ring degradation. The enzymes are abundantly present in actinobacteria, including the catabolic powerhouse Rhodococcus jostii and the pathogenic species R. equi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The gene for 3-ketosteroid ?(4)-(5a)-dehydrogenase [?(4)-(5a)-KSTD] from R. jostii RHA1 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. His-tagged ?(4)-(5a)-KSTD enzyme was purified by Ni(2+)-NTA affinity chromatography, anion ...	2011	22102045
nonlinear changes in the activity of the oxygen-dependent demethylase system in rhodococcus erythropolis cells in the presence of low and very low doses of formaldehyde.	abstract: the effect of exogenous, highly diluted formaldehyde on the rate of demethylation/re-methylation of veratric acid by the bacteria rhodococcus erythropolis was studied using electrophoretic and microscopic techniques. the activity of 4-o-demethylase, responsible for accumulation of vanillic acid, and the levels of veratric and vanillic acids were determined using capillary electrophoresis. formaldehyde was serially diluted at 1:100 ratios, and the total number of iterations was 20. afte ...	2011	22104369
production of α-ketoisocaproate via free-whole-cell biotransformation by rhodococcus opacus dsm 43250 with l-leucine as the substrate.	this work aims to produce α-ketoisocaproate (kic) from l-leucine via the free-whole-cell biotransformation of rhodococcus opacus dsm 43250. the effects of temperature, ph, substrate concentration, cell concentration, and rotating speed on kic production were examined. furthermore, the biotransformation conditions were optimized with response surface methodology (rsm). the optimal biotransformation conditions were as follows: temperature 43.7 °c, ph 8.4, l-leucine concentration 5.1g/l, cell conce ...	2011	22112557
effect of microorganisms on the plutonium oxidation states.	particular microbes from substrates at the low-level radioactive waste repository in the ignalina npp territory were exposed to (239)pu (iv) at low ph under aerobic conditions. pu(iii) and pu(iv) were separated and quantitatively evaluated using the modified anion exchange method and alpha spectrometry. tested bacteria bacillus mycoides and serratia marcescens were more effective in pu reduction than rhodococcus fascians. fungi paecillomyces lilacinus and absidia spinosa var. spinosa as well as ...	2011	22112595
designing green plasticizers: influence of molecular geometry on biodegradation and plasticization properties.	the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) and its metabolites are considered ubiquitous contaminants, which have a range of implications on the environment and human health. this work considered several alternative compounds with structural features similar to dehp. this added to the understanding of why dehp is so poorly biodegraded once it enters the environment. these alternative compounds were based on 2-ethylhexyl diesters of maleic acid (cis-isomer), fumaric acid (trans-isomer) an ...	2011	22113055
influence of humic acid on the transport behavior of bacteria in quartz sand.	the significance of natural organic matter (nom) on the transport of bacteria in packed porous media (quartz sand) was examined in both nacl and cacl(2)-nacl mixing solutions at ph 6.0. three representative cell types (with eps), rhodococcus sp. ql2 (gram-positive, non-motile), escherichia coli bl21 (gram-negative, non-motile), and e. coli c3000 (gram-negative, motile), were utilized to systematically determine the influence of nom (suwannee river humic acid (srha)) on cell transport behavior. t ...	2012	22118889
Isolation and characterization of crude-oil-degrading bacteria from the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea.	Twenty-five crude-oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Based on a high growth rate on crude oil and on hydrocarbon degradation ability, 11 strains were selected from the 25 isolated strains for further study. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene showed that these isolated strains belonged to genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, Cobetia, Halomonas, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Micro ...	2012	22130193
The 24-bp consensus sequence responsible for regulation of the BphS1T1 two-component system in a hybrid promoter.	Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 degrades polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by cometabolism with biphenyl. The bphS1T1-coding two-component system, which is composed of a sensor kinase, BphS1, and a response regulator, BphT1, activates the transcription of biphenyl/PCB degradation genes from the five promoters of bphAa, etbAa1, etbAa2, etbAd, and etbD1 in the presence of aromatics, such as biphenyl and ethylbenzene. The transcription start sites of etbAd and etbD1 were determined and the results indicated ...	2011	22133760
diagnosis of tuberculosis by trained african giant pouched rats and confounding impact of pathogens and microflora of the respiratory tract.	trained african giant-pouched rats (cricetomys gambianus) can detect mycobacterium tuberculosis and show potential for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb). however, rats' ability to discriminate between clinical sputum containing other mycobacterium spp. and nonmycobacterial species of the respiratory tract is unknown. it is also unknown whether nonmycobacterial species produce odor similar to m. tuberculosis and thereby cause the detection of smear-negative sputum. sputum samples from 289 subjec ...	2011	22135255
active n(2) o emission from bacterial microbiota of andisol farmland and characterization of some n(2) o emitters.	andisol in farmland located in hokkaido, japan, is known to actively flux nitrous oxide (n(2) o) during the spring to summer seasons. using a culturing system which mimics farm soils, nitrous oxide (n(2) o) emission potentials of the soils or soil microorganisms were investigated. a total of thirty-three soil samples from the farmland showed high n(2) o production potential, of which the maximum level of n(2) o emission was 3.69 μg per ml of the cultured medium per day (ml(-1) d(-1) ) in the as ...	2011	22144290
Adaptation of Rhodococcus erythropolis cells for growth and bioremediation under extreme conditions.	Bioremediation of contaminated sites is rarely performed in nature under ideal growth conditions for bacteria. Extremophiles can grow at extreme values of temperature, pH, ionic strength and metal concentrations, but it may be difficult to find and isolate those possessing the required metabolic activities. In the present work, Rhodococcus erythropolis, a bacterium known to possess a large number of catabolic activities, was adapted to grow at 4-37°C, pH 3-11 and in the presence of up to 7.5% so ...	2011	22146587
Bioconversion of lignin model compounds with oleaginous Rhodococci.	Although economically efficient biomass conversion depends on the utilization of the complete cell wall (biorefinery concept), including polysaccharides and lignin, current biofuels research concentrate mostly on cellulose conversion, while lignin is viewed as a side-product that is used primarily as a thermal resource. Microbiological conversion of lignin is almost exclusive to fungi, usually resulting in increased cell mass and lignolytic enzymes. Some bacteria can also degrade lignin-related ...	2011	22159607
polyclonal antibody against conserved sequences of mce1a protein blocks mtb infection in macrophages.	the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis is largely due to its ability to enter and survive within human macrophages. it is suggested that a specific protein namely mammalian cell entry protein is involved in the pathogenesis and the specific gene for this protein mce1a has been identified in several pathogenic organisms such as rickettsia, shigella, escherichia coli, helicobacter, streptomyces, klebsiella, vibrio, neisseria, rhodococcus, nocardioides, saccharopolyspora erthyrae, and pseud ...	2011	22159737
[effect of citric acid on synthesis of surfactants in rhodococcus erythropolis imv ac-5017].	expediency of sodium citrate (regulator of lipids synthesis) substitution is shown in the medium of cultivation of rhodococcus erythropolis imv ac-5017 with ethanol (or hexadecane) and fumarate (gluconeogenesis precursor) by citric acid for ph maintenance at the level optimal for synthesis of surfactants. it has been established the maximum synthesis of surfactants of r. erythropolis imv ac-5017 was observed at ph 8.0. introduction of 0.2% sodium fumarate at the end of experimental growth phase ...	2011	22164696
biochemical features of the degradation of pollutants by rhodococcus as a basis for contaminated wastewater and soil cleanup.	rhodococcus bacteria are considered to be promising degraders of persistent pollutants and are the basis of biological preparations for contaminated wastewater and soil cleanup. biotechnological application of this group of bacteria is based on the peculiaraties of their metabolism. this review briefly discusses the following main points: i. growth of rhodococcus on various aromatic substrates, ii. chloro/methylcatechol transformation pathways, 3-chlorocatechol branch of the modified ortho-pathw ...	2011	22168001
Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in HIV infection despite highly active antiretroviral therapy.	ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Rhodococcus equi (R.equi) is an acid fast, GRAM + coccobacillus, which is widespread in the soil and causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in immunocompromised people. In the context of HIV infection, R.equi infection (rhodococcosis) is regarded as an opportunistic disease, and its outcome is influenced by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases of HIV-related rhodococcosis that disseminated despite suppressive HAART an ...	2011	22168333
Interaction of a Rhodococcus sp. Trehalose Lipid Biosurfactant with Model Proteins: Thermodynamic and Structural Changes.	One major application of surfactants is to prevent aggregation during various processes of protein manipulation. In this work, a bacterial trehalose lipid (TL) with biosurfactant activity, secreted by Rhodococcus sp., has been identified and purified. The interactions of this glycolipid with selected model proteins have been studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fluorescence spectros ...	2011	22172005
The Impact of Membrane Lipid Composition on Macrophage Activation in the Immune Defense against Rhodococcus equi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	Nutritional fatty acids are known to have an impact on membrane lipid composition of body cells, including cells of the immune system, thus providing a link between dietary fatty acid uptake, inflammation and immunity. In this study we reveal the significance of macrophage membrane lipid composition on gene expression and cytokine synthesis thereby highlighting signal transduction processes, macrophage activation as well as macrophage defense mechanisms. Using RAW264.7 macrophages as a model sys ...	2011	22174614
study of an aquifer contaminated by ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe): site characterization and on-site bioremediation.	ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe) was detected at high concentration (300mgl(-1)) in the groundwater below a gas-station. no significant carbon neither hydrogen isotopic fractionation of etbe was detected along the plume. etbe and btex biodegradation capacities of the indigenous microflora pz1-etbe and of a culture (mc-ifp) composed of rhodococcus wratislaviensis ifp 2016, rhodococcus aetherivorans ifp 2017 and aquincola tertiaricarbonis ifp 2003 showed that etbe and btex degradation rates were in t ...	2011	22177017
calcite biomineralization by bacterial isolates from the recently discovered pristine karstic herrenberg cave.	karstic caves represent one of the most important subterranean carbon storages on earth and provide windows into the subsurface. the recent discovery of the herrenberg cave, germany, gave us the opportunity to investigate the diversity and potential role of bacteria in carbonate mineral formation. calcite was the only mineral observed by raman spectroscopy to precipitate as stalactites from seepage water. bacterial cells were found on the surface and interior of stalactites by confocal laser sca ...	2011	22179248
rhodococcus nanhaiensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from marine sediment of the south china sea.	in this study, two strains scsio 10187t and scsio 10197 were isolated from a sediment sample collected from the south china sea and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. growth was observed in the temperature range between 15-35 °c (optimum 28 °c) and ph 5.0-8.0 (optimum ph 6.0). based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the strains were identiﬁed as members of the genus rhodococcus. phylogenetic analysis showed that the two strains clustered together and the 16s rrna gene sequence simil ...	2011	22180608
Identification of the major functional proteins of Prokaryotic lipid droplets.	Storage of cellular triacylglycerols (TAG) in lipid droplets (LDs) has been linked to the progression of many metabolic diseases in humans, and to the development of biofuels from plants and microorganisms. However, the biogenesis and dynamics of LDs are poorly understood. Compared with other organisms bacteria seem to be a better model system for studying LD biology since they are relatively simple and are highly efficient in converting biomass to TAG. We obtained highly purified LDs from Rhodo ...	2011	22180631
Plant-derived auxin plays an accessory role in symptom development upon Rhodococcus fascians infection.	The biotrophic phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians has a profound impact on plant development, mainly through its principal virulence factors, a mix of synergistically acting cytokinins that induce shoot formation. Expression profiling of marker genes for several auxin biosynthesis routes and mutant analysis demonstrated that the bacterial cytokinins stimulate the auxin biosynthesis of plants via specific targeting of the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway, resulting in enhanced auxin signaling ...	2011	22181713
c and n isotope fractionation during biodegradation of the pesticide metabolite 2,6- dichlorobenzamide (bam): potential for environmental assessments.	2,6-dichlorobenzamide (bam) is a metabolite of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), and a prominent groundwater contaminant. observable compound-specific isotope fractionation during bam formation - through transformation of dichlobenil by rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 9685 - was small. in contrast, isotope fractionation during bam degradation - with aminobacter sp. msh1 and asi1, the only known bacterial strains capable of mineralizing bam - was large, with pronounced carbon (εc ...	2011	22191999
tuberculosis-like pneumonias by the aerobic actinomycetes rhodococcus, tsukamurella and gordonia.	the order actinomycetales includes phylogenetically diverse but morphologically similar aerobic and anaerobic organisms, exhibiting filamentous branching structures which fragment into rods or coccoid forms. lung pathogens of the order comprise mycobacterium, nocardia, corynebacterium, actinomyces, kytococcus, rothia, williamsia, as well as gordonia, tsukamurella and rhodococcus. particularly, members of the last three genera are uncommon aerobic agents of lung cavitations and tuberculosis(tb)-l ...	2011	22192786
neutrophil function of neonatal foals is enhanced in vitro by cpg oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation.	rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised adult horses. evidence exists that foals become infected with r. equi early in life, a period when innate immune responses are critically important for protection against infection. neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a key role in defense against this bacterium. enhancing neutrophil function during early life could thus help to protect foals against r. equi infection. the objective of o ...	2011	22197007
Ability of Cricetomys rats to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and discriminate it from other microorganisms.	Trained African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) have potential for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). These rats target volatile compounds of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that cause TB. Mtb and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species are related to Nocardia and Rhodococcus spp., which are also acid-fast bacilli and can be misdiagnosed as Mtb in smear microscopy. Diagnostic performance of C. gambianus on in vitro-cultured mycobacterial and related pulmonary microbes is unknown. This ...	2011	22197664
plant exudates promote pcb degradation by a rhodococcal rhizobacteria.	rhodococcus erythropolis u23a is a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of plants grown on a pcb-contaminated soil. strain u23a bpha exhibited 99% identity with bpha1 of rhodococcus globerulus p6. we grew arabidopsis thaliana in a hydroponic axenic system, collected, and concentrated the plant secondary metabolite-containing root exudates. strain u23a exhibited a chemotactic response toward these root exudates. in a root colonizing assay, the number of ...	2011	22202970
First Report of Sepsis Caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome.	We report a case of sepsis caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides, identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is the first report of R. corynebacterioides infection in a human.	2011	22205796
Functional annotation and characterization of 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.	The genome of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 contains an unusually large number of oxygenase encoding genes. Many of these genes have yet an unknown function, implying that a notable part of the biochemical and catabolic biodiversity of this Gram-positive soil actinomycete is still elusive. Here we present a multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of putative R. jostii RHA1 flavoprotein hydroxylases. Out of 18 candidate sequences, three hydroxylases are absent in other available Rhodococc ...	2011	22207056
plasmid localization and organization of melamine degradation genes in rhodococcus sp. strain mel.	rhodococcus sp. strain mel was isolated from soil by enrichment and grew in minimal medium with melamine as the sole n source with a doubling time of 3.5 h. stoichiometry studies showed that all six nitrogen atoms of melamine were assimilated. the genome was sequenced by roche 454 pyrosequencing to 13x coverage and a 22.3 kb dna region was found to contain a homolog to the melamine deaminase gene trza. mutagenesis studies showed that the cyanuric acid hydrolase and biuret hydrolase genes were cl ...	2011	22210223
in vitro potential of equine defa1 and ecath1 as alternative antimicrobial drugs in rhodococcosis treatment.	rhodococcus equi, the causal agent of rhodococcosis, is a severe pathogen of foals but also of immunodeficient humans causing bronchopneumonia. the pathogen is often found together with klebsiella pneumoniae or streptococcus zooepidemicus in foals. of great concern is the fact that some r. equi strains are already resistant to commonly used antibiotics. in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro potential of two equine antimicrobial peptides (amps), ecath1 and defa1, as new drugs against r. ...	2012	22232283
air sampling in the breathing zone of neonatal foals for prediction of subclinical rhodococcus equi infection.	reasons for performing the study: disease caused by rhodococcus equi is a significant burden to the horse breeding industry worldwide. early detection of rhodococcal pneumonia, albeit important to minimise treatment costs, is difficult because of the insidious nature of the disease and the lack of definitive diagnostic tests. objectives: to investigate air sampling from the breathing zone of neonatal foals as a predictor of subsequent rhodococcal pneumonia. methods: air samples were collected fr ...	2012	22239721
characterization of gordonia sp. strain cc-naph129-6 capable of naphthalene degradation.	a naphthalene-degrading isolate able to utilize naphthalene as a sole carbon source was identified as gordonia sp. cc-naph129-6. here a detail characterization of the naphthalene catabolic genes present in this strain was conducted. in nar region four structural genes (naraa, narab, narb, narc), two regulatory genes (narr1, narr2), a rubredoxin encoding gene (rub1) and a gene (orf7) with unknown function were obtained. when compared with most of the members within naphthalene-degrading rhodococc ...	2012	22240034
aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-a by microbes in river sediment.	this study investigated the aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-a (tbbpa) and changes in the microbial community in river sediment from southern taiwan. aerobic degradation rate constants (k(1)) and half-lives (t(1/2)) for tbbpa (50μgg(-1)) ranged from 0.053 to 0.077d(-1) and 9.0 to 13.1d, respectively. the degradation of tbbpa (50μgg(-1)) was enhanced by adding yeast extract (5mgl(-1)), sodium chloride (10ppt), cellulose (0.96mgl(-1)), humic acid (0.5gl(-1)), brij 30 (55μm), brij 35 (91μ ...	2012	22245059