Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in laos. | we conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis e virus (hev), nipah virus (niv), and swine influenza virus (siv), in laos. we collected blood from pigs at slaughter during may 2008-january 2009 in four northern provinces. japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 71.5-77.9%), jev igm seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% ci = 1.2-3.2%), and hev seroprev ... | 0 | 22665622 |
| improved sensitivity of influenza a antigen detection using a combined np, m, and ns1 sandwich elisa. | a new modified triple-antigen detection test was developed for the direct detection of the influenza a virus. the nucleoprotein (np), matrix (m), and non-structural (ns1) proteins were used as target antigens because they are abundant in infected cells. monoclonal antibodies specific to the np, m, and ns1 proteins were generated. the antibody pairs were selected and evaluated for their reactivity individually and in combination in the triple-antigen detection using sandwich elisa. triple-antigen ... | 2012 | 22677225 |
| induction of protective immune responses against ev71 in mice by baculovirus encoding a novel expression cassette for capsid protein vp1. | ev71 is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and is responsible for large outbreaks in various asian pacific countries. in the present study, we generated the recombinant baculovirus (bac-vp1) encoding vp1 in a novel expression cassette. the transmembrane domain of hemagglutinin of the h3n2 influenza virus was included in the cassette as a minimal membrane anchor for vp1. the protective immunity of bac-vp1 was investigated in a mouse model. the results showed that mice ... | 2012 | 22691220 |
| understanding the dynamics of seasonal influenza in italy: incidence, transmissibility and population susceptibility in a 9-year period. | influenza surveillance systems have been established in many countries in the world, yielding timely information about the intensity and features of seasonal outbreaks. such data have also been used to estimate epidemiological parameters and to evaluate the effect of factors on infection dynamics. however, little is known about the extent of under-reporting in surveillance data, and thus of the true influenza incidence in the population. | 2013 | 22694182 |
| alkaloids from the root of isatis indigotica. | seventeen new alkaloids (1-17) and 14 known analogues have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of isatis indigotica. the structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 2d nmr, single-crystal x-ray crystallography using anomalous scattering of cu kα radiation, and electronic circular dichroism spectra calculations based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. compounds 1, 2, an ... | 2012 | 22694318 |
| evolution of novel reassortant a/h3n2 influenza viruses in north american swine and humans, 2009-2011. | novel h3n2 influenza viruses (h3n2v) containing seven genome segments from swine lineage triple-reassortant h3n2 viruses and a 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm09) matrix protein segment (pm) were isolated from 12 humans in the united states between august and december 2011. to understand the evolution of these novel h3n2 viruses in swine and humans, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of 674 m sequences and 388 ha and na sequences from influenza viruses isolated from north american swine during 2009 ... | 2012 | 22696653 |
| highly conserved influenza a virus epitope sequences as candidates of h3n2 flu vaccine targets. | this study focused on identifying the conserved epitopes in a single subtype a (h3n2)-as candidates for vaccine targets. we identified a total of 32 conserved epitopes in four viral proteins [22 ha, 4pb1, 3 na, 3 np]. evaluation of conserved epitopes in coverage during 1968-2010 revealed that (1) 12 ha conserved epitopes were highly present in the circulating viruses; (2) the remaining 10 ha conserved epitopes appeared with lower percentage but a significantly increasing trend after 1989 [p<0.00 ... | 2012 | 22698979 |
| simultaneous investigation of influenza and enteric viruses in the stools of adult patients consulting in general practice for acute diarrhea. | gastrointestinal symptoms are not an uncommon manifestation of an influenza virus infection. in the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of influenza viruses in the stools of adult patients consulting their general practitioner for uncomplicated acute diarrhea (ad) and the proportion of concurrent infections by enteric and influenza viruses. | 2012 | 22709374 |
| novel measurement of spreading pattern of influenza epidemic by using weighted standard distance method: retrospective spatial statistical study of influenza, japan, 1999-2009. | annual influenza epidemics occur worldwide resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. spreading pattern of influenza is not well understood because it is often hampered by the quality of surveillance data that limits the reliability of analysis. in japan, influenza is reported on a weekly basis from 5,000 hospitals and clinics nationwide under the scheme of the national infectious disease surveillance. the collected data are available to the public as weekly reports which were summarized ... | 2012 | 22713508 |
| a human cd4+ t cell epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin is cross-reactive to influenza a virus subtypes and to influenza b virus. | the hemagglutinin protein (ha) of the influenza virus family is a major antigen for protective immunity. thus, it is a relevant target for developing vaccines. here, we describe a human cd4(+) t cell epitope in the influenza virus ha that lies in the fusion peptide of the ha. this epitope is well conserved in all 16 subtypes of the ha protein of influenza a virus and the ha protein of influenza b virus. by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from a healthy adult donor with pep ... | 2012 | 22718815 |
| protective efficacy of a broadly cross-reactive swine influenza dna vaccine encoding m2e, cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope and consensus h3 hemagglutinin. | pigs have been implicated as mixing reservoir for the generation of new pandemic influenza strains, control of swine influenza has both veterinary and public health significance. unlike human influenza vaccines, strains used for commercially available swine influenza vaccines are not regularly replaced, making the vaccines provide limited protection against antigenically diverse viruses. it is therefore necessary to develop broadly protective swine influenza vaccines that are efficacious to both ... | 2012 | 22738661 |
| characterization of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line for influenza virus production. | we have developed a porcine intestine epithelial cell line, designated sd-pjec for the propagation of influenza viruses. the sd-pjec cell line is a subclone of the ipec-j2 cell line, which was originally derived from newborn piglet jejunum. our results demonstrate that sd-pjec is a cell line of epithelial origin that preferentially expresses receptors of oligosaccharides with sia2-6gal modification. this cell line is permissive to infection with human and swine influenza a viruses and some avian ... | 2012 | 22739061 |
| intracytoplasmic trapping of influenza virus by a lipophilic derivative of aglycoristocetin. | we report on a new anti-influenza virus agent, sa-19, a lipophilic glycopeptide derivative consisting of aglycoristocetin coupled to a phenylbenzyl-substituted cyclobutenedione. in madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, or b virus, sa-19 displayed a 50% antivirally effective concentration of 0.60 μm and a selectivity index (ratio of cytotoxic versus antiviral concentration) of 112. sa-19 was 11-fold more potent than unsubstituted aglycoristocetin and was active i ... | 2012 | 22740402 |
| surface glycoproteins of influenza a h3n2 virus modulate virus replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets. | the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of the influenza a h3n2 subtype viruses isolated from 1968 to 2010 have evolved substantially but their neuraminidase (na) genes have been relatively less divergent. the h3n2 viruses isolated since 1995 were found to replicate in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets less efficiently than the earlier isolates. to evaluate whether the ha or/and na or the internal protein gene segments of the h3n2 virus affected viral replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets, r ... | 2012 | 22743127 |
| heterologous interactions between ns1 proteins from different influenza a virus subtypes/strains. | non-structural protein 1 (ns1) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in modulating the host immune response and facilitating virus replication. the formation of a homodimer or an oligomer is necessary for ns1 to exert its function efficiently. in the present study, the ns1 protein from the a/shantou/602/06(h3n2) virus (herein abbreviated as ns32) was found to interact with ns1 from a/shantou/169/06(h1n1), a/chicken/guangdong/1/05(h5n1) and a/quail/hong kong/g1/97(h9n2) (abbreviated as ns11 ... | 2012 | 22744180 |
| genetic characterization of human influenza viruses in the pandemic (2009-2010) and post-pandemic (2010-2011) periods in japan. | pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus was first detected in japan in may 2009 and continued to circulate in the 2010-2011 season. this study aims to characterize human influenza viruses circulating in japan in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods and to determine the prevalence of antiviral-resistant viruses. | 2012 | 22761651 |
| quail as a potential mixing vessel for the generation of new reassortant influenza a viruses. | quail has been proposed as one of the intermediate hosts supporting the generation of newly reassortant influenza a viruses (iavs) with the potential to infect humans. to evaluate the role of quail as an intermediate host of iavs, co-infections of quail with swine-origin pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1) and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) duck h3n2 (dkh3n2) viruses (n=10) or endemic thai swine h1n1 (swh1n1) and dkh3n2 viruses (n=10) were conducted. three additional groups of five quail were each ... | 2012 | 22763173 |
| neurological picture. sub-acute hydrocephalus in a patient with influenza a (h3n2) virus-related cerebellitis. | 2012 | 22773858 | |
| comprehensive global amino acid sequence analysis of pb1f2 protein of influenza a h5n1 viruses and the influenza a virus subtypes responsible for the 20th-century pandemics. | pb1f2 is the 11th protein of influenza a virus translated from +1 alternate reading frame of pb1 gene. since the discovery, varying sizes and functions of the pb1f2 protein of influenza a viruses have been reported. selection of pb1 gene segment in the pandemics, variable size and pleiotropic effect of pb1f2 intrigued us to analyze amino acid sequences of this protein in various influenza a viruses. | 2013 | 22788742 |
| reunion, a sentinel territory for influenza surveillance in europe. | in réunion, a french overseas territory located in the southern hemisphere, increase in influenza activity is generally observed several months earlier than in europe. influenza activity is monitored in réunion through a multi-source surveillance system including sentinel practitioners network, hospital emergency department, laboratory and mortality. since 2009, three successive influenza epidemics occurred on the island. the largest was observed in 2009 while epidemics in 2010 and 2011 were muc ... | 2012 | 22790605 |
| synthesis of c-4-modified zanamivir analogs as neuraminidase inhibitors and their anti-aiv activities. | with the introduction of bioisosteres of the guanidinium group together with scaffold hopping, 35 zanamivir analogs with c-4-modification were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against both group-1 and group-2 neuraminidase (h5n1 and h3n2) were determined. compound d26 exerts the most potency, with ic(50) values of 0.58 and 2.72 μm against n2 and n1, respectively. further preliminary anti-avian influenza virus (aiv, h5n1) activities against infected mdck cells were evaluated, and d5 e ... | 2012 | 22795831 |
| development and evaluation of a line probe assay for rapid typing of influenza viruses and detection of the h274y mutation. | adequate treatment of influenza requires identification of viral type as well as detection of mutation(s) conferring drug resistance. reverse hybridization-based line probe assays (lipa) can be performed using several probes immobilized on nitrocellulose, strips enabling lipa to determine simultaneously viral subtypes and detect the presence or absence of the h274y mutation, which confers oseltamivir resistance of h1n1 influenza viruses. lipa was developed for identification of h1n1 influenza vi ... | 2012 | 22796550 |
| tenacity of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in different types of poultry litter. | to determine the risk of infection associated with exposure to low-pathogenic avian influenza (ai) virus-contaminated poultry litter, the tenacity of low pathogenic a/ck/ca/431/00(h6n2), a/mallard/mn/355779/00(h5n2), and a/turkey/ohio/313053/04(h3n2) was evaluated. viral stocks were incubated with poultry litter from commercial flocks at 25°c. three types of poultry litter, wood shavings, shavings plus gypsum, and shavings plus peanut hulls, from commercial broiler flocks were used. the 3 low-pa ... | 2012 | 22802163 |
| compensatory evolution of net-charge in influenza a virus hemagglutinin. | the propagation of influenza a virus depends on the balance between the activities of hemagglutinin (ha) for binding to host cells and neuraminidase (na) for releasing from infected cells (ha-na balance). since the host cell membrane and the sialic acid receptor are negatively charged, the amino acid substitutions increasing (charge+) and decreasing (charge-) the positive charge of ha subunit 1 (ha1) enhance and reduce, respectively, the binding avidity and affinity. the positive charge of ha1 i ... | 2012 | 22808159 |
| live attenuated influenza vaccine provides superior protection from heterologous infection in pigs with maternal antibodies without inducing vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. | control of swine influenza a virus (iav) in the united states is hindered because inactivated vaccines do not provide robust cross-protection against the multiple antigenic variants cocirculating in the field. vaccine efficacy can be limited further for vaccines administered to young pigs that possess maternally derived immunity. we previously demonstrated that a recombinant a/sw/texas/4199-2/1998 (tx98) (h3n2) virus expressing a truncated ns1 protein is attenuated in swine and has potential for ... | 2012 | 22811541 |
| influenza surveillance from november 2008 to 2011; including pandemic influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 in bhutan. | describe the influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in bhutan. | 2013 | 22813389 |
| strain-dependent effects of pb1-f2 of triple-reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses in swine. | the pb1-f2 protein of the influenza a viruses (iavs) can act as a virulence factor in mice. its contribution to the virulence of iav in swine, however, remains largely unexplored. in this study, we chose two genetically related h3n2 triple-reassortant iavs to assess the impact of pb1-f2 in virus replication and virulence in pigs. using reverse genetics, we disrupted the pb1-f2 orf of a/swine/wisconsin/14094/99 (h3n2) (sw/99) and a/turkey/ohio/313053/04 (h3n2) (ty/04). removing the pb1-f2 orf led ... | 2012 | 22815274 |
| new adamantane derivatives can overcome resistance of influenza a(h1n1)pdm2009 and a(h3n2) viruses to remantadine. | new adamantane derivatives with amino acid residues and other bifunctional compounds were synthesized and their antiviral activity towards influenza a(h1n1)pdm and a(h3n2) viruses was studied. some of these adamantane derivatives completely suppressed replication of remantadine-resistant influenza a virus strains. | 2012 | 22816091 |
| consecutive natural influenza a virus infections in sentinel mallards in the evident absence of subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. | dabbling ducks, particularly mallards (anas platyrhynchos) have been frequently and consistently reported to play a pivotal role as a reservoir of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv). from october 2006 to november 2008, hand-raised mallard ducks kept at a pond in an avifaunistically rich area of southern germany served as sentinel birds in the aiv surveillance programme in germany. the pond was regularly visited by several species of dabbling ducks. a flock of sentinel birds, consisting ... | 2013 | 22816511 |
| phylogenetic, molecular and drug-sensitivity analysis of ha and na genes of human h3n2 influenza a viruses in guangdong, china, 2007-2011. | annual h3n2 subtype influenza outbreaks in guangdong, china are a severe public health issue and require ongoing monitoring of emerging viral variants. the variation and evolution of haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of influenza isolates from guangdong during 2007-2011 and others from genbank were analysed using lasergene 7.1 and mega 5.05, and serological analysis of antigens was determined by haemagglutination inhibition (hi). susceptibility to antiviral drugs was correlated wi ... | 2013 | 22827898 |
| influenza a viruses target type ii pneumocytes in the human lung. | highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza viruses preferentially infect alveolar type ii pneumocytes in human lung. however, it is unknown whether this cellular tropism contributes to high viral virulence because the primary target cells of other influenza viruses have not been systematically studied. | 2012 | 22829640 |
| evidence for antigenic seniority in influenza a (h3n2) antibody responses in southern china. | a key observation about the human immune response to repeated exposure to influenza a is that the first strain infecting an individual apparently produces the strongest adaptive immune response. although antibody titers measure that response, the interpretation of titers to multiple strains--from the same sera--in terms of infection history is clouded by age effects, cross reactivity and immune waning. from july to september 2009, we collected serum samples from 151 residents of guangdong provin ... | 2012 | 22829765 |
| phase 4 randomized trial of intradermal low-antigen-content inactivated influenza vaccine versus standard-dose intramuscular vaccine in hiv-1-infected adults. | this study evaluated safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of intradermal (id) trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine, with a lower antigen content (9 mcg ha per strain) than the conventional intramuscular one (15 mcg), in hiv-1-infected adults younger than 60 years. a total of 54 hiv-1-positive participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either id-administered low-antigen-content split inactivated vaccine or intramuscularly-administered (im) standard-do ... | 2012 | 22832261 |
| notes from the field: outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) virus among persons and swine at a county fair--indiana, july 2012. | during july 12-16, 2012, the indiana state department of health and the indiana board of animal health identified respiratory illness among swine and persons at a county fair held july 8-14. on july 16, specimens were collected from four persons with respiratory illness; two had become ill on july 12 and sought care at an emergency department, and two were identified as part of the subsequent public health investigation. all four persons were swine exhibitors or family members of swine exhibitor ... | 2012 | 22832938 |
| [interaction of influenza a and b viruses with nanodiamond-based sorbents]. | the paper presents data on the sorption of influenza a(h1n1), a(h1n1)v, a(h3n2) viruses, cdna of a(h1n1)v and b viruses on nanodiamonds and furnace charge. the sorption of viruses occurred in different solutions at 4-37 degrees c during 10-20 min. the rate of sorption varied with the concentration of a sorbent in the solution and its structure, but did not with the antigenic formula of viruses or temperature. the sorption capacity of furnace charge towards influenza a and b viruses was higher th ... | 2016 | 22834140 |
| [influenza virus reproduction in the endothelial cells of human blood vessels]. | the current epidemic strains of the influenza subtypes y5n1, h3n2, and h1n1 can be reproduced in the cultured human endothelial eahy926 cells with an infective activity of 3.0-4.5 ig tcd50. these findings were confirmed by the analysis of the autopsy material from patients who had died from influenza during the 2009-2010 epidemic, which showed influenza virus ha and np proteins in the pulmonary blood vascular endothelium. the results obtained reflect a new aspect of the pathogenesis of influenza ... | 2016 | 22834142 |
| immune response to influenza vaccine in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. | chronic renal failure and dialysis belong to contraindications to vaccination with live vaccines. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral response to influenza vaccination consisting of the formation of antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure. the study included 173 patients treated at a dialysis station in the silesian region in poland. the patients were assigned to the following groups: group a- ... | 2013 | 22836646 |
| lgp2 downregulates interferon production during infection with seasonal human influenza a viruses that activate interferon regulatory factor 3. | lgp2, a member of the rig-i-like receptor family, lacks the amino-terminal caspase activation recruitment domains (cards) required for initiating the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) and interferon (ifn) transcription. the role of lgp2 in virus infection is controversial, and the only lgp2 experiments previously carried out with mammalian influenza a viruses employed an attenuated, mouse-adapted h1n1 a/pr/8/34 (pr8) virus that does not encode the ns1 protein. here we determine ... | 2012 | 22837208 |
| molecular and microscopic analysis of bacteria and viruses in exhaled breath collected using a simple impaction and condensing method. | exhaled breath condensate (ebc) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. by using hydrophobic surface, ice, and droplet scavenging, a simple impaction and condensing based collection method is reported here. human subjects were recruited to exhale toward the device for 1, 2, 3, and 4 min. the exhaled breath quickly formed into tiny droplets on the hydrophobic surface, which were subsequently scavenged into a 10 µl rolling de ... | 2012 | 22848436 |
| immunodominance of antigenic site b over site a of hemagglutinin of recent h3n2 influenza viruses. | h3n2 influenza viruses have now circulated in the human population for 43 years since the pandemic of 1968, accumulating sequence changes in the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) that are believed to be predominantly due to selection for escape from antibodies. examination of mutations that persist and accumulate led to identification of antigenically significant mutations that are contained in five antigenic sites (a-e) mapped on to the h3 ha. in early h3n2 isolates, antigenic site a ap ... | 2012 | 22848649 |
| clonal interference in the evolution of influenza. | the seasonal influenza a virus undergoes rapid evolution to escape human immune response. adaptive changes occur primarily in antigenic epitopes, the antibody-binding domains of the viral hemagglutinin. this process involves recurrent selective sweeps, in which clusters of simultaneous nucleotide fixations in the hemagglutinin coding sequence are observed about every 4 years. here, we show that influenza a (h3n2) evolves by strong clonal interference. this mode of evolution is a red queen race b ... | 2012 | 22851649 |
| protective effect of korean red ginseng extract on the infections by h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses in mice. | ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years and is known to have multiple biological and immunomodulatory effects. in this study, we investigated whether korean red ginseng extract would have preventive and antiviral effects on influenza virus infection. oral administration to mice of red ginseng extract prior to infection significantly increased survival after infection with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus. daily oral treatment of vaccinated mice with red ginseng extract provided enhanc ... | 2012 | 22856395 |
| antiviral activity of acidic polysaccharides from coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi, a green alga, against an in vitro human influenza a virus infection. | the extracts prepared from green algae are reported to possess a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor and antiviral activities. the acidic polysaccharide fraction from a green alga coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi (cmaps) was isolated and the antiviral action on an in vitro infection of influenza a virus was examined. cmaps inhibited the growth and yield of all influenza a virus strains tested, such as a/h1n1, a/h2n2, a/h3n2 and a/h1n1 pandemic strains. the 50% inhibitory ... | 2013 | 22856509 |
| arylazolyl(azinyl)thioacetanilide. part 9: synthesis and biological investigation of thiazolylthioacetamides derivatives as a novel class of potential antiviral agents. | in continuation of our endeavor to develop new, potent, selective and less toxic antiviral agents, a novel series of 2-(2-amino/chloro-4-(2,4-dibromophenyl) thiazol-5-ylthio)acetamide derivatives was synthesized via an expeditious route and evaluated for their anti-hiv activities against wild-type virus and clinically relevant mutant strains, and for their anti-influenza virus activities against influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and influenza b in cellular assays. the selected active compounds were al ... | 2012 | 22870806 |
| cross-reactive and vaccine-induced antibody to an emerging swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v). | cases of infection due to a novel swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v) have recently been identified in the united states, primarily among children. we estimate levels of cross-reactive antibody to h3n2v by age and assess whether seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv), with or without adjuvant, may increase seroprotection. | 2012 | 22872731 |
| immunomodulatory properties of subcellular fractions of a g+ bacterium, bacillus firmus. | mucosal immunization with non-living antigens usually requires the use of an adjuvant. the adjuvant activity of bacillus firmus in the mucosal immunization of mice was described by our laboratory previously. in the present study, subcellular localization of b. firmus activities was followed. after mechanical disintegration, subcellular components of bacterium were fractionated by differential centrifugation and salting out. bacterial cell walls, cytoplasmic membrane fraction, soluble cytoplasmic ... | 2013 | 22875593 |
| potential t cell epitopes within swine-origin triple reassortant influenza a (h3n2) variant virus which emerged in 2011: an immunoinformatics study. | an immuno-informatics study was conducted to determine possible pre-existing t cellular immunity to the recently emerged swine-origin triple reassortant h3n2 variant (s-otrh3n2v-2011) which acquired the matrix gene of influenza a (h1n1)pdm09. given the genetic origin of s-otrh3n2v-2011, our study focused on the hemagglutinin (ha) and matrix1 (m1) proteins to identify common and conserved t cell epitopes. we compared ha cd4+ t cell epitopes of s-otrh3n2v-2011 with seasonal h3n2 (1968-2011)-ha pro ... | 2012 | 22877860 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel avian-like h3n2 swine influenza virus discovered in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel avian-like h3n2 swine influenza virus containing an h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus segment that was obtained from swine in southern china. phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus might originate from domestic aquatic birds. the sequence information provided herein suggests that continuing study is required to determine if this virus can be established in the swine population and pose potential threats to public health. | 2012 | 22879607 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus isolated from dogs in south korea. | an avian-origin korean h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ) strain, designated a/canine/korea/01/2007 (h3n2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. in the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3' and 5' noncoding regions (ncrs) of h3n2 civ, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of civ. | 2012 | 22879618 |
| genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus in southern china. | the distribution and prevalence of h3 subtype influenza viruses in avian and mammalian hosts constitutes a potential threat to both human and avian health. we report a complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus. phylogenetic analysis showed that ha and na showed the highest sequence homologies with those of a/white-backed munia/hong kong/4519/2009 (h3n2). however, the internal genes had the highest sequence homologies with those of h6 and h7 subtypes. the data pro ... | 2012 | 22879622 |
| antigenic sites of h1n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin revealed by natural isolates and inhibition assays. | the antigenic sites of hemagglutinin (ha) are crucial for understanding antigenic drift and vaccine strain selection for influenza viruses. in 1982, 32 epitope residues (called laboratory epitope residues) were proposed for antigenic sites of h1n1 ha based on the monoclonal antibody-selected variants. interestingly, these laboratory epitope residues only cover 28% (23/83) mutation positions for 9 h1n1 vaccine strain comparisons (from 1977 to 2009). here, we propose the entropy and likelihood rat ... | 2012 | 22885274 |
| the regulatory t cells in anti-influenza antibody response post influenza vaccination. | the efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines depend primarily on the vaccine recipient and the virus similarity to the endemic virus. regulatory t cells (tregs) and cytokines are known to restrict immune responses against viral infections. we conducted this study to explore the role of tregs, cytokines, and antibody production after influenza vaccination. the whole blood was collected from healthy subjects (n = 36) before and two weeks after influenza vaccine immunization for two or thre ... | 2012 | 22894960 |
| evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for influenza a (h3n2)v virus and updated case count--united states, 2012. | previous reports have described cases of influenza a (h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus* infection with the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 m gene detected in the united states during july 2011-july 2012 (1-3). this report provides 1) an update on the number of reported cases of h3n2v infections from july 12 to august 9, 2012, in the united states, 2) an updated results interpretation for the cdc flu real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) dx panel for a(h3n2)v for public health la ... | 2012 | 22895386 |
| increased symptom severity but unchanged neuraminidase inhibitor effectiveness for a(h1n1)pdm09 in the 2010-2011 season: comparison with the previous season and with seasonal a(h3n2) and b. | no studies of the clinical symptoms before starting therapy or of the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) have been carried out of the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons that compare a(h1n1)pdm09 or the three circulating types of influenza virus. | 2013 | 22897904 |
| comparison of temporal and spatial dynamics of seasonal h3n2, pandemic h1n1 and highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus infections in ferrets. | humans may be infected by different influenza a viruses--seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic--which differ in presentation from mild upper respiratory tract disease to severe and sometimes fatal pneumonia with extra-respiratory spread. differences in spatial and temporal dynamics of these infections are poorly understood. therefore, we inoculated ferrets with seasonal h3n2, pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1), and highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza virus and performed detailed virological and pathological an ... | 2012 | 22905124 |
| [effect of a combination of glutamyl-tryptophan and glycyrrhizic acid on the course of acute infection caused by influenza (h3h2) virus in mice]. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the modulating effect of glutamyl-tryptophan (ew), glycyrrhizic acid (ga), and their combination on the course of experimental infection caused by influenza a (h3n2) virus in mice. the animals were infected with influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus in a dose of 1 or 10 ld50. ga (10 mg/kg body weight) and ew (0.1, 10, and 1000 microg/kg) alone or in combination were intraperitoneally injected for 5 days, starting on day 1 of virus infection. rimantadine 50 ... | 2016 | 22905423 |
| isolation of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and its reassortant with an h3n2 swine influenza virus from healthy weaning pigs in thailand in 2011. | a total of 300 nasal swabs were collected from 5 pig farms in two provinces in the eastern part of thailand in february 2011 and were subjected to viral isolation of influenza a viruses. two h3n2 and 6 h1n1 influenza a viruses were isolated from swabs collected from clinically healthy weaning pigs on farms in chonburi and chachoengsao provinces, respectively. the h3n2 isolates consisted of the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes closely related to thai sivs and derived from a cluster ... | 2012 | 22906589 |
| influenza a h3n2 subtype virus ns1 protein targets into the nucleus and binds primarily via its c-terminal nls2/nols to nucleolin and fibrillarin. | influenza a virus non-structural protein 1 (ns1) is a virulence factor, which is targeted into the cell cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. ns1 is a multi-functional protein that inhibits host cell pre-mrna processing and counteracts host cell antiviral responses. previously, we have shown that the ns1 protein of the h3n2 subtype influenza viruses possesses a c-terminal nuclear localization signal (nls) that also functions as a nucleolar localization signal (nols) and targets the protein into the ... | 2012 | 22909121 |
| comparative study of influenza virus replication in mdck cells and in primary cells derived from adenoids and airway epithelium. | although clinical trials with human subjects are essential for determination of safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity, it is desirable to know in advance the infectiousness of potential candidate live attenuated influenza vaccine strains for human use. we compared the replication kinetics of wild-type and live attenuated influenza viruses, including h1n1, h3n2, h9n2, and b strains, in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, primary epithelial cells derived from human adenoids, and human bronch ... | 2012 | 22915797 |
| molecular genetic analysis of influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in western siberia in the 2010-2011 epidemic season. | molecular genetic and antigenic features of influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in western siberia in 2011 are similar to those of the vaccine strain a/perth/16/2009 despite a number of unique amino-acid changes. the strains lack specific amino-acid changes in na protein providing decrease of sensibility to na inhibitors activity that used in medical practice. based on phylogenic analysis of ha protein amino-acid sequences examined strains are similar to influenza a/h3n2 virus strains circul ... | 2012 | 22922296 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus isolated in farmed dogs in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus containing multiple mutations in farmed dogs in southern china. phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral rna segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the asia lineage. to our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian h3n2 influenza virus to domestic farm dogs under natural conditions in southern china. the amino acid infor ... | 2012 | 22923798 |
| a universal influenza a and b duplex real-time rt-pcr assay. | a high throughput universal influenza a and b duplex real-time rt-pcr was developed to meet effectively the heightened surveillance and diagnostic needs essential in managing influenza infections and outbreaks. primers and probes, designed to target highly conserved regions of the matrix protein of influenza a and the nucleoprotein of influenza b, were optimized using the high-throughput lightcycler 480 ii system. analytical sensitivity and specificity were characterized using rna transcripts di ... | 2012 | 22930514 |
| h3n2 flu virus infections increase during fair season. | 2012 | 22948682 | |
| a mouse model for the study of contact-dependent transmission of influenza a virus and the factors that govern transmissibility. | influenza a virus transmission by direct contact is not well characterized. here, we describe a mouse model for investigation of factors regulating contact-dependent transmission. strains within the h3n2 but not h1n1 subtype of influenza virus were transmissible, and reverse-engineered viruses representing hybrids of these subtypes showed that the viral hemagglutinin is a determinant of the transmissible phenotype. transmission to contact mice occurred within the first 6 to 54 h after cohousing ... | 2012 | 22951824 |
| evidence of h3n2 canine influenza virus infection before 2007. | 2012 | 22952134 | |
| recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2012-2013. | the purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. the key points for the upcoming 2012-2013 season are: (1) this year's trivalent influenza vaccine contains a/california/7/2009 (h1n1)-like antigen (derived from influenza a [h1n1] pdm09 [ph1n1] virus); a/victoria/361/2011 (h3n2)-like antigen; and b/wisconsin/1/2010-like antigen (the influenza a [h3n ... | 2012 | 22966032 |
| a meta-analysis of intradermal versus intramuscular influenza vaccines: immunogenicity and adverse events. | to determine immunogenicity and safety of intradermal (id) influenza vaccines compared with intramuscular (im) administration and effect of dose and age. | 2013 | 22974174 |
| swine influenza virus vaccines: to change or not to change-that's the question. | commercial vaccines currently available against swine influenza virus (siv) are inactivated, adjuvanted, whole virus vaccines, based on h1n1 and/or h3n2 and/or h1n2 sivs. in keeping with the antigenic and genetic differences between sivs circulating in europe and the us, the vaccines for each region are produced locally and contain different strains. even within a continent, there is no standardization of vaccine strains, and the antigen mass and adjuvants can also differ between different comme ... | 2013 | 22976350 |
| ostrich produce cross-reactive neutralization antibodies against pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1 following immunization with a seasonal influenza vaccine. | an outbreak of influenza in 2009 was found to be caused by a novel strain of influenza virus designated as pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009. vaccination with recent seasonal influenza vaccines induced little or no cross-reactive antibody response to the pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1 2009 in any age group in human populations. accordingly, most people had low immunity against this pathogen, thus resulting in the worldwide spread of the infection to produce a so-called 'pandemic'. this report pres ... | 2011 | 22977467 |
| [molecular evolution of human influenza h3n2 virus hemagglutinin genes in guangdong china]. | the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (ha) genes of human influenza h3n2 viruses in guangdong, china from 2007 to 2010 were studied in this study. by space-time sampling of strains, the ha genes of h3n2 strains from guangdong were sequenced and searched from internet, and then the variation and evolution of ha genes were conducted by lasergene 7.1 and mega 5.05 and evolutionary rates were analyzed by epidemiological data. the phylogenetic tree was established ... | 2012 | 22978155 |
| sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illness in two hospitals in maracay, venezuela: 2006-2010. | limited information exists on the epidemiology of acute febrile respiratory illnesses in tropical south american countries such as venezuela. the objective of the present study was to examine the epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ili) in two hospitals in maracay, venezuela. | 2012 | 22984519 |
| analytical detection of influenza a(h3n2)v and other a variant viruses from the usa by rapid influenza diagnostic tests. | the performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) that detect influenza viral nucleoprotein (np) antigen has been reported to be variable. recent human infections with variant influenza a viruses that are circulating in pigs prompted the investigation of the analytical reactivity of ridts with these variant viruses. | 2013 | 22984843 |
| comparison of the cross-reactive anti-influenza neutralizing activity of polymeric and monomeric iga monoclonal antibodies. | here we examined whether polymeric iga (piga) and monomeric iga (miga) antibodies differ in their ability to neutralize drift viruses within the same subtype. we used an iga monoclonal antibody (mab; h1-21) against influenza virus strain a/hiroshima/52/2005 (a/hiroshima; h3n2). the mab was obtained after immunizing mice mucosally with a split-virion (sv) vaccine. the mab contained both miga and piga forms. it reacted with the homologous virus and cross-reacted with drift viruses a/new york/55/20 ... | 2012 | 22985289 |
| "trivalent influenza vaccination of healthy adults 3 years after the onset of swine-origin h1n1 pandemic: restricted immunogenicity of the new a/h1n1v constituent?". | influenza vaccination is advised annually to reduce the burden of influenza disease. for sufficient vaccine campaigns also a continuous adoption of influenza vaccines are necessary, due to particularly high genetic variability of influenza a virus. therefore, we evaluate the effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine 2010/2011, against influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) and influenza b. immune response was investigated in paired sera from 92 healthcare workers with the hemagglutination inhibition as ... | 2013 | 22986732 |
| quantitative analysis of four rapid antigen assays for detection of pandemic h1n1 2009 compared with seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses on nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with influenza. | data on analytical sensitivity of rapid diagnostic assays are important for clinical management of influenza, especially during a pandemic. four rapid antigen detection assays were compared for detection of pandemic influenza a h1n1 2009, seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 in 96 patients with influenza a infection confirmed by real-time rt-pcr. these rapid antigen tests appeared to have lower sensitivity (55.8%) for the diagnosis of pandemic influenza a h1n1 2009 as compared with seasonal h3n2 (71.0%) or h1 ... | 2012 | 22989408 |
| [characterization of a nonspecific inhibitor found in human sera raised against the 2006/07 influenza vaccine strain a/hiroshima/52/2005 (h3n2) virus]. | the serology of influenza viruses typically uses hemagglutination inhibition (hi) or the neutralization test (nt). however, the sera of many humans and animals contain nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutinin that must be inactivated or removed from the serum before use in the hi assay. any nonspecific inhibitor in human serum is typically inactivated by pre-treatment with receptor-destroying enzyme (rde). however, during the 2006/07 influenza circulating season, we observed that influenza vaccin ... | 2012 | 22991846 |
| dietary abscisic acid ameliorates influenza-virus-associated disease and pulmonary immunopathology through a pparγ-dependent mechanism. | the anti-inflammatory phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) modulates immune and inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis and obesity. aba has been identified as a ligand of lanthionine synthetase c-like 2, a novel therapeutic target upstream of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) pathway. the goal of this study was to investigate the immune modulatory mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory efficacy of aba against influenza-associated pulmonary inflammation. wild-ty ... | 2013 | 22995385 |
| complete genome sequence of an h3n2 canine influenza virus from dogs in jiangsu, china. | a canine influenza virus (civ) strain of avian origin designated a/canine/jiangsu/06/2010 (h3n2) was isolated from dogs exhibiting severe respiratory disease in jiangsu, china. we announce the complete genome sequence of this viral strain and report major findings from the genomic analysis. this sequence will help us understand the molecular characteristics and evolutionary of h3n2 civ in china. | 2012 | 22997421 |
| glutathione peroxidase-1 reduces influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species production is implicated in influenza a virus-induced lung disease. glutathione peroxidase (gpx)-1 is an antioxidant enzyme that may protect lungs from such damage. the objective of this study was to determine if gpx-1 protects the lung against influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation in vivo. male wild-type (wt) or gpx-1(-/-) mice were inoculated with hkx31 (h3n2, 1 × 10(4) plaque-forming units), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (b ... | 2013 | 23002098 |
| high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a virus isolated in gyeonggi province, south korea, during 2005-2010. | amantadine resistance among influenza a viruses was investigated in south korea in 2005-2010. of 308 influenza a viruses examined, 229 had the s31n substitution in the m2 protein. the frequency of amantadine resistance was 30 %, 100 %, and 76 % in influenza a/h1n1, pandemic a/h1n1 2009(a/h1n1pdm), and a/h3n2 subtypes, respectively. the amantadine-resistant influenza a/h1n1pdm and a/h3n2 viruses were circulating continuously from 2008 to 2009 and from 2005 to 2006, respectively. amantadine resist ... | 2013 | 23011311 |
| genetics, evolution, and the zoonotic capacity of european swine influenza viruses. | the european swine influenza virus lineage differs genetically from the classical swine influenza viruses and the triple reassortants found in north america and asia. the avian-like swine h1n1 viruses emerged in 1979 after an avian-to-swine transmission and spread to all major european pig-producing countries. reassortment of these viruses with seasonal h3n2 viruses led to human-like swine h3n2 viruses which appeared in 1984. finally, human-like swine h1n2 viruses emerged in 1994. these are trip ... | 2013 | 23011571 |
| influenza a (h3n2) variant virus-related hospitalizations: ohio, 2012. | since july 2012, 305 cases of infection with influenza a (h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus containing the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 m gene have occurred in multiple u.s. states, primarily associated with swine exposure at agricultural fairs. in ohio, from july 28 to september 25, 2012, a total of 106 confirmed h3n2v cases were identified through enhanced surveillance. whereas most h3n2v patients experienced mild, self-limited influenza-like illness (ili), 11 of the ohio patients were hospitalized, repr ... | 2012 | 23013722 |
| influenza virus neuraminidases with reduced enzymatic activity that avidly bind sialic acid receptors. | influenza virus neuraminidase (na) cleaves off sialic acid from cellular receptors of hemagglutinin (ha) to enable progeny escape from infected cells. however, na variants (d151g) of recent human h3n2 viruses have also been reported to bind receptors on red blood cells, but the nature of these receptors and the effect of the mutation on na activity were not established. here, we compare the functional and structural properties of a human h3n2 na from a/tanzania/205/2010 and its d151g mutant, whi ... | 2012 | 23015718 |
| design of escherichia coli-expressed stalk domain immunogens of h1n1 hemagglutinin that protect mice from lethal challenge. | the hemagglutinin protein (ha) on the surface of influenza virus is essential for viral entry into the host cells. the ha1 subunit of ha is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. the ha2 subunit is less exposed on the virion surface and more conserved than ha1. we have previously designed an ha2-based immunogen derived from the sequence of the h3n2 a/hk/68 virus. in the present study, we report the design of an ha2-based immunogen from the h1n1 subtype (pr/8/34). this immunogen (h1 ... | 2012 | 23015722 |
| virulence and transmissibility of h1n2 influenza virus in ferrets imply the continuing threat of triple-reassortant swine viruses. | efficient worldwide swine surveillance for influenza a viruses is urgently needed; the emergence of a novel reassortant pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus in 2009 demonstrated that swine can be the direct source of pandemic influenza and that the pandemic potential of viruses prevalent in swine populations must be monitored. we used the ferret model to assess the pathogenicity and transmissibility of predominant korean triple-reassortant swine (trsw) h1n2 and h3n2 influenza viruses genetically related ... | 2012 | 23019374 |
| neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal receptor specificities on influenza viruses determined by a waveguide-mode sensor. | to characterize the differences in the receptor-binding specificities of human and avian influenza viruses with glycan chains, the authors performed binding analyses using an evanescent field-coupled waveguide-mode biosensor. the experiments were performed on intact viruses and hemagglutinin proteins, using gold-nanoparticle-conjugated neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal glycan chains. several influenza viruses belonging to subtypes h3n2 (a/udorn/307/1972, a/shandong/9/1993, a/kiev/301/1994, a/panam ... | 2013 | 23022889 |
| heterosubtypic antibody recognition of the influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding site enhanced by avidity. | continual and rapid mutation of seasonal influenza viruses by antigenic drift necessitates the almost annual reformulation of flu vaccines, which may offer little protection if the match to the dominant circulating strain is poor. s139/1 is a cross-reactive antibody that neutralizes multiple ha strains and subtypes, including those from h1n1 and h3n2 viruses that currently infect humans. the crystal structure of the s139/1 fab in complex with the ha from the a/victoria/3/1975 (h3n2) virus reveal ... | 2012 | 23027945 |
| immunization with m2e-displaying t7 bacteriophage nanoparticles protects against influenza a virus challenge. | considering the emergence of highly pathogenic influenza viruses and threat of worldwide pandemics, there is an urgent need to develop broadly-protective influenza vaccines. in this study, we demonstrate the potential of t7 bacteriophage-based nanoparticles with genetically fused ectodomain of influenza a virus m2 protein (t7-m2e) as a candidate universal flu vaccine. immunization of mice with non-adjuvanted t7-m2e elicited m2e-specific serum antibody responses that were similar in magnitude to ... | 2012 | 23029232 |
| influenza a/h1n1 2009 pandemic and respiratory virus infections, beijing, 2009-2010. | to determine the role of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 (a/h1n1 2009pdm) in acute respiratory tract infections (artis) and its impact on the epidemic of seasonal influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses, nasal and throat swabs taken from 7,776 patients with suspected viral artis from 2006 through 2010 in beijing, china were screened by real-time pcr for influenza virus typing and subtyping and by multiplex or single pcr tests for other common respiratory viruses. we observed a ... | 2012 | 23029253 |
| multiple distinct forms of cd8+ t cell cross-reactivity and specificities revealed after 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus infection in mice. | influenza primed mice are protected against lethal infection with h1n1 a/ca/04/e3/09 virus, and t depletion and serum transfer studies suggest a t-dependent mechanism. we therefore set out to investigate the quality of the cross-reactive t cell response to ca/e3/09 in mice primed with h3n2 influenza a/hong kong/x31 virus. sequences of the immunodominant nucleoprotein (np) np366-374 and acid polymerase (pa) pa224-233 cd8 epitopes from x31 each differ from the ca/e3/09 virus by one amino acid: an ... | 2012 | 23029425 |
| efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in hiv-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. | hiv-infected children are at heightened risk for severe influenza illness; however, there is no study on the efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccine in these children. we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of nonadjuvanted, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) against confirmed seasonal influenza virus illness in hiv-infected children. | 2013 | 23032417 |
| complete genome sequence of an h3n2 avian influenza virus isolated from a live poultry market in eastern china. | previous studies indicate that the h3 influenza virus has the ability to establish infection upon interspecies transmission and poses a threat to mammals. therefore, it is important to enhance the surveillance of h3 avian influenza viruses (aivs). in this study, a/duck/shanghai/c84/2009(h3n2) (c84) was isolated from a live poultry market in shanghai, china. using pcr and sequencing analyses, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of this virus. the h3n2 virus proved to be a novel multiple-gene re ... | 2012 | 23043175 |
| excess mortality associated with influenza a and b virus in hong kong, 1998-2009. | although deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections are rare, the excess mortality burden of influenza estimated from statistical models may more reliably quantify the impact of influenza in a population. | 2012 | 23045622 |
| detection of influenza a virus nucleoprotein antibodies in oral fluid specimens from pigs infected under experimental conditions using a blocking elisa. | in commercial swine populations, influenza is an important component of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) and a pathogen with major economic impact. previously, a commercial blocking elisa (flockchek(™) avian influenza virus multis-screen(®) antibody test kit, idexx laboratories, inc., westbrook, me, usa) designed to detect influenza a nucleoprotein (np) antibodies in avian serum was shown to accurately detect np antibodies in swine serum. the purpose of this study was to determine ... | 2014 | 23046061 |
| prevalence and risk factors for h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus infections in minnesota turkey premises. | influenza virus infections can cause respiratory and systemic disease of variable severity and also result in economic losses for the turkey industry. several subtypes of influenza can infect turkeys, causing diverse clinical signs. influenza subtypes of swine origin have been diagnosed in turkey premises; however, it is not known how common these infections are nor the likely routes of transmission. we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of influenza viruses and examine ... | 2012 | 23050464 |
| a comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabbing for the detection of influenza virus by real-time pcr. | we tested the hypothesis that swabs from the nasopharynx carry a higher viral load than swabs from the oropharynx in patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-confirmed influenza infection. using flocked swabs, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were harvested from hospital-admitted influenza patients no later than 3 days after the initial detection of influenza virus. comparison of cycle threshold (ct) values was performed to assess differences in viral load in the specimens ... | 2013 | 23052986 |
| molecular characterization of avian-like h1n1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in eastern china, 2011. | currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: h1n1, h3n2, and h1n2. european avian-like h1n1 viruses, which were initially detected in european pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern china since 2007. in this study, six influenza a viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from january to april 2011 in eastern china. based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were d ... | 2012 | 23055004 |
| full genomic analysis of an influenza a (h1n2) virus identified during 2009 pandemic in eastern india: evidence of reassortment event between co-circulating a(h1n1)pdm09 and a/brisbane/10/2007-like h3n2 strains. | during the pandemic [influenza a(h1n1)pdm09] period in 2009-2010, an influenza a (inf-a) virus with h1n2 subtype (designated as a/eastern india/n-1289/2009) was detected from a 25 years old male from mizoram (north-eastern india). | 2012 | 23057530 |
| kinetics of the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination among the elderly. | influenza vaccination, which has been targeted to the elderly and those at serious risk of complications, is recommended. the purpose of this study was to determine antibody responses after influenza vaccination among thai elderly persons living in the community. a total of 591 subjects consisting of 308 vaccinees and 283 non-vaccinees were enrolled in the study. antibodies to h1n1, h3n2, and b viruses were detected by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) testing. the numbers of subjects who had pro ... | 2012 | 23061793 |
| identification and characterization of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza viruses in northern china during 2009-2010. | twelve avian-origin h3n2 influenza strains were isolated from dogs with signs of respiratory disease in northern china during 2009-2010. phylogenetic analysis showed that eight gene segments of all the isolates had a close relationship with those of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza viruses (civs) from south korea and southern china. genetic analysis indicated that these isolates had a perqtr/g ha cleavage motif, which differed from the pekqtr/g motif of canine viruses before 2007. noteworthy, ... | 2013 | 23063406 |