Publications

study of gabaa receptors on the sleep-like behavior in coturnix japonica (temminck schlegel, 1849) (galliformes: aves).	the present study was carried out to investigate the influence of gabaa signaling on sleep-like behaviors through systemic administration of bicuculline and picrotoxin (gabaa antagonists) and thiopental (an allosterical modulator). a thiopental (20 mg/kg) injection increased the eye closure frequency compared to the control group. the birds quickly became sleepy with a low frequency of early behavioral stages, such as rapid oral movement (rom), feather ruffling and blinking. a bicuculline admini ...	2009	19066908
evaluation of eight microsatellite loci polymorphism in four japanese quail (coturnix japonica) strain in iran.	allele frequencies of eight microsatellite loci as guj0001, guj0021, guj0034, guj0041, guj0049, guj0059, guj0070 and guj0097 was estimated for four strain of japanese quail in iran. whole blood samples were collected from 200 individuals belonging to four strain (pharach, panda, tuxedo and golden).total genomic dna was extracted by the gusn-silica gel kit. the extracted dna was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (pcr). of the eight microsatellite loci used in this study, two loci ( guj0 ...	2007	19069916
antiatherosclerotic function of kokuto, okinawan noncentrifugal cane sugar.	in the present study, we investigated the effect of phenolic compounds (pcs) and policosanol of kokuto, okinawan noncentrifugal cane sugar, on the development of atherosclerosis. a total of 67 male japanese quail were divided into eight dietary groups in trial 1. the dietary groups were fed the atherosclerotic diet (ad) containing 5% corn oil, 2% cholesterol, and 30% sucrose or seven different types of kokuto. dietary intakes of kokuto notably prevented the development of atherosclerosis. furthe ...	2009	19072226
chemoprevention of fibroid tumors by [-]-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in quail.	spontaneous leiomyomas of the oviduct are common tumors of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), and fibroid tumors in the laying hen are similar to human fibroid tumors with respect to estrogen and progesterone receptors. this makes the quail a good animal model for screening potential agents for that aid in the prevention and treatment of human myoma uteri. we have previously reported a decreased incidence of leiomyomas in the oviduct of japanese quail with antioxidant supplementati ...	2008	19083394
identification of the photoperiodic signaling pathway regulating seasonal reproduction using the functional genomics approach.	animals measure photoperiod (daylength) and adapt to seasonal changes in the environment by altering their physiology and behavior accordingly. although this photoperiodic response has long been of interest, the underlying mechanism has only recently begun to be uncovered at the molecular level. japanese quail provide an excellent model to study the molecular mechanism underlying the vertebrate photoperiodic response. the recent sequencing of the chicken genome allowed a system-level analysis of ...	2009	19084017
comparison of egg production between two quail strains and their reciprocal crosses.	hen day (h-d) and hen-housed (h-h) egg production for 135 day period compared in two quail strains and their reciprocal crosses in two separate trails. at the first trail in two hatches 180 japanese quail (coturnix japanese) and 180 range quail (coturnix ypisilophorus) were reared in two different spaces [litter with sawdust (250 x 200 x 230 cm) and one-tier cage (50 x 50 x 70 cm)]. the 130-day period production was measured from date of first egg for each female. strain difference were not sign ...	2007	19090261
dietary red clover (trifolium pratense) induces oviduct growth and decreases ovary and testes growth in japanese quail chicks.	to determine whether drought-stress alters phytoestrogens in red clover and whether red clover in the diet influences sexual development in japanese quail, we fed chicks diets containing irrigated or non-irrigated clover. irrigation altered phytoestrogenic activity of red clover (determined using an in vitro bioassay), with extracts of irrigated clover diet containing more estrogenic activity than extracts of non-irrigated clover diet. chick growth was negatively correlated with the amount of ir ...	2009	19103282
calcium transport in strongly calcifying laying birds: mechanisms and regulation.	birds that lay long clutches (series of eggs laid sequentially before a "pause day"), among them the high-producing, strongly-calcifying gallus gallus domesticus (domestic hen) and coturnix coturnix japonica (japanese quail), transfer about 10% of their total body calcium daily. they appear, therefore, to be the most efficient calcium-transporters among vertebrates. such intensive transport imposes severe demands on ionic calcium (ca2+) homeostasis, and activates at least two extremely effective ...	2009	19118637
influence of avian reproduction ecotoxicological endpoints in the assessment of plant protection products.	the aim of this paper is to examine the statistical relevance of bird species on the endpoints of avian long-term toxicity studies (eggs laid, eggs set, eggs hatching, embryo survivor, 14-day old survivors and eggshell thickness). data from 561 animals of three different species (colinus virginianus, anas platyrynchos and coturnix coturnix japonica) tested with five different pesticides were analyzed in this study. the substances considered were: thiamethoxam (ez-3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmeth ...	2009	19130368
control of aquaporin 2 expression in collecting ducts of quail kidneys.	birds and mammals are the only vertebrates that can concentrate urine. avian kidneys contain structurally primitive loopless nephrons and also more advanced looped nephrons, in the cortical and medullary regions, respectively. we have identified the gene sequence of an aquaporin 2 (aqp2)-homologue water channel in collecting ducts of kidneys from adult quail, coturnix japonica. although immunoreactive quail aqp2 (qaqp2) was found in both types of nephrons, the expression is enhanced more clearly ...	2009	19135443
[effect of hypoxic argon-containing gas mixtures on developing organism].	experimental data on the impact of argon-containing hypoxic breathing mixtures on the early embryonic growth of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica dom.) are presented. the results showed that after 4-day incubation of eggs in an oxygen-nitrogen breathing mixture (13.8-15.0% o2, 86.2-85.0% n2) only 16.7% embryos reached the stage of 3.5-d development. introduction in the hypoxic mixture of argon (55% of the total volume) increased the number of embryos on the stage of 3.5-4 day of normal ...	2016	19140472
effects of simulated hypo- and hyper-reproductive conditions on the characteristics of circadian rhythm in hypothalamic concentration of serotonin and dopamine and in plasma levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and testosterone in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	in this study, hypo- and hyper-reproductive conditions, as measured by concentrations of plasma testosterone in male japanese quail held on long days ld 16:8, were experimentally simulated with injections of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp) and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, (l-dopa) with 8 h and 12 h phase angle differences between them in intact and melatonin-treated birds. the effects of these treatments were assessed on the characteristics of the circadian rhythm in the hypothalamic concentration of s ...	2009	19142756
molecular cloning and characterization of slc11a1 cdna in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	slc11a1 is one of the most potent candidate genes conferring host's genetic resistance/susceptibility to various antigenically different intracellular pathogens. in this manuscript, we report the cloning and characterization of the complete coding sequence of slc11a1 cdna in japanese quail. the 1680bp of cloned slc11a1 cdna consisted of an open reading frame of 1665bp which coded for a complete protein of 555 amino acid residues. at nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, japanese quail slc11 ...	2009	19150134
logistic nonlinear mixed effects model for estimating growth parameters.	this study was undertaken to apply the logistic model with nonlinear mixed effects to model growth in japanese quail. nonlinear mixed models (nlmm) allow for the inclusion of random factors in a linear manner, which accounts for the between-individual variability and heterogeneous variance. a fixed effects model (m1) was compared with nlmm containing either 1 (m2) or 2 (m3) random effects using the residual error variance, -2 log-likelihood, akaike information criterion, and bayesian information ...	2009	19151340
transmission of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus of subtype h6n2 from chickens to pekin ducks and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in this experiment we evaluated the transmission characteristics of a chicken-adapted low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (lpaiv) of subtype h6n2, from infected chickens to japanese quail and pekin ducks, which are commonly sold in live bird markets located in southern california. the layout of the cages and bird-handling practices were similar to those found in southern california live bird markets. five out of 20 chickens were inoculated with lpaiv h6n2, and placed in direct contact with f ...	2009	19156581
association energetics of cross-reactive and specific antibodies.	hyhel-8, hyhel-10, and hyhel-26 (hh8, hh10, and hh26, respectively) are murine monoclonal igg(1) antibodies which share over 90% variable-region amino acid sequence identity and recognize identical structurally characterized epitopes on hen egg white lysozyme (hel). previous immunochemical and surface plasmon resonance-based studies have shown that these antibodies differ widely in their tolerance of mutations in the epitope. while hh8 is the most cross-reactive, hh26 is rigidified by a more ext ...	2009	19166328
non-visually evoked activity of isthmo-optic neurons in awake, head-unrestrained quail.	changes in the internal state of the brain may modulate retinal function. in birds, most neurons in the isthmo-optic (io) nucleus project their axons topographically into the contralateral retina, and activity in io neurons enhances visual responses of retinal ganglion cells in the target retinal region. to elucidate the significance of this pathway, we recorded spikes of io neurons in four awake japanese quail using an implanted electrode assembly while recording unrestrained head movements. th ...	2009	19183972
methamphetamine impairs sexual motivation but not sexual performance in male japanese quail.	the present study investigated the effects of chronic pre-exposure to methamphetamine on sexual motivation and performance in male japanese quail. quail were pre-exposed to methamphetamine (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg ip) or saline (ip) once daily for 10 days and locomotor activity was measured. after a 10 day washout period, sexual motivation was measured in a straight-arm runway with visual access to a female at one end. three to 5 hr after sexual motivation tests, males were allowed to copulate with a r ...	2009	19186930
octopus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone: a multifunctional peptide in the endocrine and nervous systems of the cephalopod.	the optic gland, which is analogous to the anterior pituitary in the context of gonadal maturation, is found on the upper posterior edge of the optic tract of the octopus octopus vulgaris. in mature octopus, the optic glands enlarge and secrete a gonadotrophic hormone. a peptide with structural features similar to that of vertebrate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) was isolated from the brain of octopus and was named oct-gnrh. oct-gnrh showed luteinising hormone-releasing activity in the a ...	2009	19210294
reproductive responses and nitric oxide activity in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, are altered by specific phase relationships of neural (serotonergic and dopaminergic) oscillations and pineal function.	the present study investigates the effects of temporal synergism of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp) and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) and pineal function (pinealectomy and melatonin administration) on gonadal response and nitric oxide (no) activity in japanese quail. three-week-old male quails were divided into 9 groups, as follows: (i) control (treated with normal saline); (ii) 8-h and (iii) 12-h (receiving l-dopa after the administration of 5-htp [5mg/100g body weight] at the interval of 8 and ...	2009	19261427
aflatoxin effect on the oocysts morphometry and contribution on the morphology of eimeria bateri bhatia, pandey and pande, 1965 of the japanese quail coturnix japonica in brazil.	the purpose of this study was to characterize eimeria bateri oocysts and to evaluate the aflatoxin effect in the morphometry of sporulated oocysts in japanese quails infected naturally. of a total of 50 quails naturally infected by e. bateri were randomly divided into two groups with 25 birds each. in one of them, quails were orally administered with aflatoxin in dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight previously. both experimental groups shed e. bateri oocysts. these oocysts were subspherical to ellipso ...	2009	19265584
parthenogenesis in unfertilized eggs of coturnix chinensis, the chinese painted quail, and the effect of egg clutch position on embryonic development.	parthenogenesis, embryonic development of an unfertilized egg, was studied for many years in turkeys. in fact, as many as 49% of unfertilized beltsville small white turkey eggs develop embryos. however, no research exists on parthenogenesis in quail. the chinese painted quail is a close relative of the more common japanese quail and, unlike turkeys or chickens, the small chinese painted quail reaches sexual maturity rapidly, making it a great candidate for further research on parthenogenesis. ob ...	2009	19276421
social motivation affects the display of individual discrimination in young and adult japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	a simultaneous two-choice test was used to investigate discrimination between a familiar (f) and an unfamiliar conspecific (u) in japanese quail, selected for high (hsr) or low (lsr) social reinstatement behavior (tendency to rejoin and stay close to conspecifics). animals were 1-week unsexed and 6-week-old male quail. one-week-old lsr quail and 6-week-old male hsr quail displayed discrimination after 24 hr of pair contact (p < 0.05), and a tendency to discriminate (p < 0.10) was found in adult ...	2009	19277976
perchlorate exposure induces hypothyroidism and affects thyroid-responsive genes in liver but not brain of quail chicks.	ground-dwelling birds in perchlorate-contaminated areas are exposed to perchlorate ion, a known thyroid disruptor, and might be vulnerable to the developmental effects of perchlorate-induced hypothyroidism. we hypothesized that perchlorate-induced hypothyroidism would alter the expression of thyroid-responsive genes involved in thyroid hormone (th) regulation and in the development of target organ function. japanese quail chicks were exposed to 2000 mg/l ammonium perchlorate in drinking water fo ...	2009	19308637
species differences in the relative densities of d1- and d2-like dopamine receptor subtypes in the japanese quail and rats: an in vitro quantitative receptor autoradiography study.	evidence has accumulated that the regulation of male sexual behavior by dopamine might not be the same in japanese quail (and perhaps all birds) as it is in mammals. for example, the non-selective dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine (apo), facilitates male sexual behavior in rats but inhibits it in quail. although the general organization of the dopamine system is similar in birds and mammals, it is possible that the relative distribution and/or density of binding sites are different. we ther ...	2009	19321949
dynamics of crowing development in the domestic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	species-specific behaviours gradually emerge, via incomplete patterns, to the final complete adult form. a classical example is birdsong, a learned behaviour ideally suited for studying the neural and molecular substrates of vocal learning. young songbirds gradually transform primitive unstructured vocalizations (subsong, akin to human babbling) into complex, stereotyped sequences of syllables that constitute adult song. in comparison with birdsong, territorial and mating calls of vocal non-lear ...	2009	19324760
kinetics and pharmacology of the d1- and d2-like dopamine receptors in japanese quail brain.	although the avian brain dopamine system and its functions have been studied much less than the mammalian one, there is an increasing interest in the role of dopamine and its receptors in a wide variety of motor, cognitive and emotional functions in birds with implications for basic research, medicine or agriculture. pharmacological characterisation of the avian dopamine receptors has had little attention. in this paper we characterise the two classes of dopamine receptors in japanese quail brai ...	2009	19330447
use of water-based foam to depopulate ducks and other species.	current control strategies for avian influenza virus, exotic newcastle disease, and other highly virulent poultry diseases often include surveillance, quarantine, depopulation, disposal, and disinfection. on-farm depopulation and disposal methods reduce potential movement of virus and improve biosecurity. water-based foam depopulation was developed as a potential alternative mass emergency poultry depopulation procedure. the use of water-based foam is conditionally approved by the usda animal an ...	2009	19359675
tolerance of japanese quail embryos and young chicks to hypothermia.	the purpose of this study was to explore the tolerance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos and young quail chicks to a very low ambient temperature. fifty (n = 50) quail embryos at age embryonic age d 6 were placed in a cold room at 13 degrees c for 24 h. the heart rate (hr) was determined with an infrared hr sensor in an instrument called "buddy." after 12 and 24 h, the average body temperature of the embryos was 13 degrees c with an average hr of 8.7 +/- 0.9 beats per minute ...	2009	19359693
sensitive embryonic endpoints with in ovo treatment for detecting androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of chemicals in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the aim of the current study was to establish the sensitive embryonic endpoints and a test system for detecting androgenic and anti-androgenic potential of chemicals using an in ovo treatment assay in japanese quail. in ovo injection with 0 to 75 microg of cyproterone acetate (ca) was performed on d 12 of incubation, followed by 0 to 300 microg of testosterone propionate (tp) injection on d 13 and histological examination on d 16. experimental groups were composed of control (twice injected corn ...	2009	19359695
epigenetic maternal effects on endogenous rhythms in precocial birds.	development involves interactions between genetic and environmental influences. vertebrate mothers are generally the first individuals to encounter and interact with young animals. thus, their role is primordial during ontogeny. the present study evaluated non-genomic effects of mothers on the development of rhythms of precocial japanese quail (coturnix c. japonica). first, we investigated the influence of mothering on the ontogeny of endogenous rhythms of young. we compared circadian and ultrad ...	2009	19360486
discovery of a novel avian neurosteroid, 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, and its role in the regulation of the diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity in japanese quail.	the discovery of two novel avian neurosteroids in the quail brain, 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxypregnenolone is described. intracerebroventricular administration of 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, but not 7beta-hydroxypregnenolone was found to stimulate locomotor activity of male quail when spontaneous nocturnal activity is low. diurnal changes in locomotor activity in male quail were found to be correlated with a diurnal change in the concentration of diencephalic 7alpha-hydroxypregnenolone. this corre ...	2009	19362555
fractal analysis of the ambulation pattern of japanese quail.	1. the study examined the practicality and usefulness of fractal analyses in evaluating the temporal organisation of avian ambulatory behaviour by using female japanese quail in their home boxes as the model system. to induce two locomotion activity levels, we tested half of the birds without disturbance (unstimulated) and the other half when food was scattered on the floor of the home box after 3 h of feeder withdrawal (stimulated). 2. ambulatory activity was recorded during 40 min at a resolut ...	2009	19373715
the effects of vitamin c and e supplementation on heat shock protein 70 response of ovary and brain in heat-stressed quail.	1. the effects of vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid) and vitamin e (alpha-tocopherol acetate) supplementation on egg production and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) response of ovary and brain in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. the birds (n = 540; 55 d old) were randomly assigned to 18 groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-co ...	2009	19373727
length of incubation and hatchling body weight in quail selected for reduced or exaggerated adrenocortical responsiveness to brief restraint.	1. while changes in corticosterone (b) during late embryogenesis are thought to play a role in the hatching process, only a scant and controversial literature exists concerning the effects of in ovo b on the length of incubation and chick body weight at hatching. because female japanese quail selected for exaggerated (high stress, hs) rather than reduced (low stress, ls) plasma b response to brief mechanical restraint deposit more b into their eggs, these stress lines provide an excellent model ...	2009	19373728
reproductive and developmental effects of transovarian exposure to o,p'-ddt in japanese quails.	avian species have the possible risk of embryonic exposure to persistent, lipophilic environmental contaminants, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), by transfer of chemicals accumulated in mother birds to eggs. to model developmental and reproductive disorders of wild birds living in contaminated areas, we exposed japanese quails in ovo to o,p'-ddt prior to incubation. a positive estrogenic substance diethylstilbestrol (des; 1 and 10 ng/g of egg) and o,p'-ddt (1-100 microg/g of egg) w ...	2009	19391684
effects of dietary zinc and l-arginine supplementation on total antioxidants capacity, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, egg weight, and blood biochemical values in japanese quails.	the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of dietary zinc and l-arginine supplementation on blood total antioxidant capacity (tac), malondialdehyde (mda), nitric oxide (no), some blood chemistry parameters, and egg weights of laying quails. three groups of japanese quails were fed with a diet containing l-arginine (5 mg/kg), zinc (60 mg/kg), and normal basal diet (control) for 30 days. tac, lipid peroxidation, and biochemical analysis were performed in the blood of animals. l-arginine and zi ...	2009	19396404
are rapid changes in gonadal testosterone release involved in the fast modulation of brain estrogen effects?	estradiol facilitates the expression of male sexual behavior in japanese quail within a few minutes. these rapid behavioral effects of estradiol could result from rapid changes in its local production in the preoptic area by aromatase, the enzyme converting testosterone into estradiol. alternatively, aromatase activity may remain constant but fluctuations of local estradiol production could arise from rapid changes in the concentration of the enzymatic substrate, namely testosterone. rapid incre ...	2009	19416729
behavior differentiation between wild japanese quail, domestic quail, and their first filial generation.	the number of wild quail has dramatically reduced in china and reached a state of endangerment with the deterioration of the environment in recent years. in this study, we examined the ecological behaviors of quails in the cage to determine the differentiation level between wild japanese quail and domestic quail, to detect the relationship between quail behavior and evolutionary differentiation and to analyze the possibility of restoring effective size of wild population. with the on-the-spot ob ...	2009	19439621
serum chemistry reference values in adult japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) including sex-related differences.	serum chemistry reference values may provide useful information about the physical condition of individuals, making them a useful tool in differentiating normal and healthy animals from abnormal or diseased states. for japanese quail that are used for producing eggs and meat for human consumption and also as laboratory animals, we aimed to extend the available array of reference values and to compare 16-wk-old adult male versus female birds. in the present study, clinical chemistry data (albumin ...	2009	19439629
organizational effects of dde on brain vasotocin system in male japanese quail.	p,p'-dde, or ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl), is the main metabolite of the pesticide ddt, or 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane. it is an androgen receptor antagonist and testosterone hydroxylase modulator that is also more persistent than its parent compound. in a previous study we demonstrated that embryonic exposure to different doses of p,p'-dde accelerated onset of puberty in females and reduced male reproductive behavior. in the present study we investigated the ...	2009	19442834
developmental origins of species-specific muscle pattern.	vertebrate jaw muscle anatomy is conspicuously diverse but developmental processes that generate such variation remain relatively obscure. to identify mechanisms that produce species-specific jaw muscle pattern we conducted transplant experiments using japanese quail and white pekin duck, which exhibit considerably different jaw morphologies in association with their particular modes of feeding. previous work indicates that cranial muscle formation requires interactions with adjacent skeletal an ...	2009	19450573
behavioral effects of brain-derived estrogens in birds.	in birds as in other vertebrates, estrogens produced in the brain by aromatization of testosterone have widespread effects on behavior. research conducted with male japanese quail demonstrates that effects of brain estrogens on all aspects of sexual behavior, including appetitive and consummatory components as well as learned aspects, can be divided into two main classes based on their time course. first, estrogens via binding to estrogen receptors regulate the transcription of a variety of gene ...	2009	19456326
effects of xenoestrogens on the differentiation of behaviorally relevant neural circuits in higher vertebrates.	several environmental chemicals have the capability of impacting endocrine function (endocrine disrupting chemicals [edcs]), and therefore they may have long-term consequences, especially if exposure occurs during embryonic development. in this study we present data relative to two widely used animal models: the japanese quail and the mouse. these two species have been used to understand neural, neuroendocrine, and behavioral components of reproduction and are optimal models to understand how th ...	2009	19456348
is the gonadotropin releasing hormone system vulnerable to endocrine disruption in birds?	endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) from a variety of sources occur widely in the environment, but relationships between exposure to edcs and long term effects on bird populations can be difficult to prove. embryonic exposure to edcs may be particularly detrimental, with potential long-term effects on reproduction and ultimately individual fitness. because many edcs may have subtle sublethal effects, it is necessary to establish sensitive end points as biomarkers of edc exposure in birds. beca ...	2009	19457435
subdivisions of the arcopallium/posterior pallial amygdala complex are differentially involved in the control of fear behaviour in the japanese quail.	growing evidence suggests that the arcopallium/posterior pallial amygdala plays a major role in the control of fear behaviour in birds. this brain region comprises several subdivisions, but no direct evidence is available about its functional parcellation. the aim of the present study was to investigate the relative involvement of two subdivisions of the arcopallium/posterior pallial amygdala complex in four classical tests of fear in quail: the presentation of a novel object, the 'hole-in-the-w ...	2009	19480989
plumage colour mutations and melanins in the feathers of the japanese quail: a first comparison.	the absorbance of melanin content from dorsal feathers was compared between wild-type japanese quail and nine other quail plumage colours determined by single mutations in one of seven genes: extended brown (mc1r), yellow (asip), silver (mitf), lavender (mlph), roux (tyrp1), imperfect albinism (slc45a2) and rusty. as compared with wild-type quail, all mutations but extended brown decreased total melanins. the largest decrease was observed in quail with one of the dilution mutations at tyrp1, mlp ...	2009	19496774
age-dependent expression of avt and its oxytocic-like receptor vt3 in the shell gland of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	the avian neurohypophyseal hormone avt is an important regulatory hormone involved in many physiological processes including oviposition; an age-related phenomenon, through its action on the shell gland. in this study, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization was performed to study the expression of immunoreactive (ir) avt and its oxytocic-like receptor vt3 transcript in the ovary/shell gland of japanese quail representing sexually immature, mature and old condition. our results indicate t ...	2010	19505466
effects of estrogens on sex differentiation in japanese quail and chicken.	estrogen production by the female avian embryo induces development of a female phenotype of the reproductive organs whereas the low estrogen concentration in the male embryo results in a male phenotype. treatment of female embryos with exogenous estrogens disrupts müllerian duct development resulting in malformations and impaired oviductal function. exposure of male embryos to estrogens results in ovotestis formation and persisting müllerian ducts in the embryos and testicular malformations, red ...	2009	19523394
yolk testosterone and corticosterone in hierarchical follicles and laid eggs of japanese quail exposed to long-term restraint stress.	environmental and behavioural stimuli experienced by egg-laying female birds contribute to intra- and inter-female differences in hormones in the egg yolk with consequences for offspring development. the understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying yolk hormone deposition can aid progress in this field. in our study, we measured the concentration of testosterone and corticosterone in hierarchical follicles and egg yolks of japanese quail in control and chronic stress conditions. experime ...	2010	19524583
effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance and immune status in growing japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the effect of dietary taurine was investigated on performance and immune responses in growing (1 to 42 d) japanese quail. one-day-old quails of both sexes (300) were randomly allotted to 12 groups with 25 quails in each group (3 dietary treatments, 4 replicates). they were fed with maize-soybean meal-based diets containing 0, 0.01, or 0.05% taurine for 42 d. dietary 0.01% taurine decreased food intake (p < 0.05) in the starter phase but did not affect bw gain and feed efficiency from d 1 to 42 o ...	2009	19531709
learning enhances female control over reproductive investment in the japanese quail.	the adaptive significance of learning is supported by studies showing its positive effects on mating behaviour, but they rarely go beyond fertilization success. here we studied how learning contributes to qualitative reproductive investment, by testing the hypothesis that mating in the context that predicts male appearance has positive effects on female reproductive investment compared with unsignalled mating. using japanese quail (coturnix japonica), we found that effects of mating in the conte ...	2009	19535375
effects of corticosterone treatment on responses to fasting in japanese quail.	plasma concentrations of corticosterone, a glucocorticoid hormone, have been reported to increase during fasting in some species of birds. although japanese quail are widely used in laboratory studies, corticosterone responses to fasting have not been described for this species. we therefore investigated the effects of 24h of fasting on plasma corticosterone concentrations in quail. previous work has shown that the corticosterone response to handling in quail may be affected by treatment with co ...	2009	19539044
characterization of critical factors influencing gene expression of two types of fatty acid-binding proteins (l-fabp and lb-fabp) in the liver of birds.	in avian species, two types of intracellular lipid-binding proteins are abundant in the liver, the liver fatty acid-binding protein (l-fabp) and the liver basic fatty acid-binding protein (lb-fabp). both fabps are capable of forming complexes with free fatty acids and bile acids, but the functional distinction between l-fabp and lb-fabp in avian liver is not fully understood. to gain insights into the functional distinction between l-fabp and lb-fabp, we investigated the expression of both genes ...	2009	19540927
hormones and sexual differentiation of avian social behavior.	research on the hormonal basis of sexual differentiation of mammalian behavior and its neural substrates constitutes an important chapter in the study of neural development that has led to important insights into how to conceptualize sexuality. here research on sexual differentiation of avian social behavior is discussed with an eye toward potential insights into avian sexuality. hormone manipulation experiments with japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and zebra finches (taeniopygia guttata) reve ...	2009	19546571
efficacy of voriconazole in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus causes disease in birds. our objectives were to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate efficacy of voriconazole (vcz) in a novel experimental quail model. after a single oral vcz dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg, plasma concentrations peaked 2 h postdose (5.8 and 6.9 microg/ml) and remained above 0.5 microg/ml for 4 and 12 h postdose, respectively. for the efficacy study, ten-day-old japanese quail (n = 60) were infected intratracheally with a. fumigatus conidia. daily ora ...	2010	19548171
chronic preexposure to methylphenidate cross-sensitizes methamphetamine in male japanese quail.	an increasing debate exists about the potential of exposure to methylphenidate increasing later risk of drug abuse. the objective of this study was to investigate whether chronic preexposure to methylphenidate would induce cross-sensitization to a subsequent methamphetamine challenge in male japanese quail. male quail were treated intraperitoneally with either 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg methylphenidate or saline for 14 days. after a 14-day washout period, birds were challenged with 5.6 mg/kg of methamph ...	2009	19584711
higher incorporation of heterologous chicken immunoglobulin y compared with homologous quail immunoglobulin y into egg yolks of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	in avian species, blood igy is selectively incorporated into the yolks of maturing oocytes, although the precise mechanism is poorly understood. our previous study showed that 22% of i.v.-injected heterologous chicken igy (cigy) was incorporated into egg yolks of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). however, it is not known whether homologous quail igy (qigy) can be more efficiently incorporated into quail egg yolks than cigy. therefore, we compared the uptakes of qigy and cigy i.v. administered ...	2009	19590086
development and evaluation of normalization methods for label-free relative quantification of endogenous peptides.	the performances of 10 different normalization methods on data of endogenous brain peptides produced with label-free nano-lc-ms were evaluated. data sets originating from three different species (mouse, rat, and japanese quail), each consisting of 35-45 individual lc-ms analyses, were used in the study. each sample set contained both technical and biological replicates, and the lc-ms analyses were performed in a randomized block fashion. peptides in all three data sets were found to display lc-m ...	2009	19596695
ultrastructure and lectin cytochemistry of secretory cells in lingual glands of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in the present study, as continuation of our previous research, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lingual glands were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (tem) to understand the cytoarchitecture and the subcellular sugar distribution within the different secretory structures. indeed, glycosidic residues were visualized by applying an indirect technique of binding and the terminal sialoglycoconjugate sequences were characterized by employing sialidase digestion com ...	2009	19609855
molecular cloning of growth hormone secretagogue-receptor and effect of quail ghrelin on gastrointestinal motility in japanese quail.	we identified a growth hormone secretagogue-receptor (ghs-r) for ghrelin (grln) in the japanese quail, and examined relationship between its receptor distribution and the effects of ghrelin on the gastrointestinal tract of the quail. ghs-r expression and grln-induced response were also investigated in the chicken and compared with quail. several types of ghs-r, namely ghs-r1a-l, ghs-r1a-s, ghs-r1av, ghs-r1b, ghs-r1bv and ghs-r1tv-like receptor, were identified in quail cerebellum cdna. amino aci ...	2009	19615411
quantification of japanese quail eggshell colour by image analysis.	the japanese quail lays eggs with colourful and patterned shells which make the eggshell colour difficult to classify. in this study, the method of measuring colour of patchy eggs using image analyses and its power to discriminate among individual variation were established. estimated repeatability for egg colour and proportion of patterned areas was high (>0.58), suggesting intermedíate or high heritability of eggshell colour characteristics. three components have been identified as significant ...	2009	19621137
omega-3 fatty acid application reduces yolk and plasma cholesterol levels in japanese quails.	the aim of this study was to determine the effects of fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, on the cholesterol levels in egg yolk and plasma in japanese quail. additionally, the effects of these fatty acids on selected biochemical parameters, and yolk and quail weights were investigated. thirty healthy laying japanese quails were divided into two groups including control and omega-3 fatty acid treated group. fish oil capsules were administrated orally to the quails in the omega-3 treated group ...	2009	19632290
visual asymmetries in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) retain a lifelong potential for plasticity.	adult japanese quail display left-eye/right-hemisphere dominance in visually guided sexual tracking. in 2 experiments, the authors set out to answer if this functional cerebral asymmetry is modifiable by posthatch monocular deprivation. in experiment 1, the left or the right eye of 2-day old quail were closed for 70 days. quail were run in a left- or a right-turning runway to obtain access to a conspecific of the opposite sex. the performance of both left and right eye systems was equal. in expe ...	2009	19634940
molecular biological characterization of avian poxvirus strains isolated from different avian species.	fifteen strains of avipoxvirus from different avian species were isolated and molecular biologically characterized. most strains did not produce evident pocks on the chorioallantoic membranes of commercial and specific-pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs where, on the contrary, microscopic signs of viral growth were always detected. polymerase chain reaction of highly conserved p4b gene was positive for all cases confirming to be a reliable diagnostic method for avipoxvirus. sequencing of the ...	2010	19646826
structure of the oesophagus and morphometric, histochemical-immunohistochemical profiles of the oesophageal gland during the post-hatching period of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in the oesophagus, mucins, which originate from oesophageal submucosal glands, play an important role in the mucosal protection as a pre-epithelial barrier. in this study, the structure of cervical and thoracic parts of oesophagus of japanese quail during the post-hatching period was compared, and the contents of carbohydrate and gastric mucin muc5ac of the oesophageal glands in these parts were analysed at the light microscope levels by applying conventional histochemical and immunohistochemica ...	2009	19650777
cuticle formation in quail eggs.	the present study was conducted to determine both the site at which cuticle materials are produced and the critical period for their production in the oviductal uterus of the japanese quail, coturnix japonica. an antiserum was produced against the 32-kda band in electrophoretic profiles of cuticle materials obtained from eggshells decalcified with edta. immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic observations revealed that the 32-kda protein was synthesized in luminal ciliated epithelial c ...	2009	19663645
neurovascular anatomy of the embryonic quail hindlimb.	blood vessel and nerve development in the vertebrate embryo possess certain similarities in pattern and molecular guidance cues. to study the specific influence of shared guidance molecules on nervous and vascular development, an understanding of the normal neurovascular anatomy must be in place. the present study documents the pattern of nervous and vascular development in the japanese quail hindlimb using immunohistochemistry and fluorescently labeled intravital injection combined with confoca ...	2009	19685501
how acute is the acute stress response? baseline corticosterone and corticosteroid-binding globulin levels change 24h after an acute stressor in japanese quail.	changes in plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin (cbg) capacity can alter free plasma concentration and tissue availability of glucocorticoids (gc) and hence alter the organismal response to stress. however, cbg change in response to stress has not been extensively studied. while it is clear that chronic stress can causes cbg decline and in some species acute stressors can reduce cbg during the 30-60 min of the stressor, more long-term changes in cbg following an acute stressor has received les ...	2010	19686748
variability of yolk testosterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle of japanese quail.	deposition of yolk androgens can vary among females as well as within eggs of one female. numerous external and internal factors can contribute to this variability. in our study, we investigated the systemic variation of yolk testosterone concentrations during the laying cycle of japanese quail reared in stable environmental and social conditions. testosterone was analysed in three eggs collected per female at the beginning, top and the end of a reproductive period and the extent of inter- and i ...	2009	19720153
divergent selection for shape of growth curve in japanese quail. 5. growth pattern and low protein level in starter diet.	1. the effect of crude protein (cp) concentration in starter diet (259 or 216 g cp and 11.7 mj me/kg, fed from 0 to 21 d of age) on postnatal growth pattern (from hatching to 70 d of age) was analysed in japanese quail lines divergently selected for high (hg) and low (lg) relative gain of body weight (bw) between 11 and 28 d of age, and constant bw at 49 d of age. 2. males and females of both lines fed on the low cp diet showed a transient bw retardation between 7 and 28 d of age, and 7 and 35 d ...	2009	19735014
food restriction in young japanese quails: effects on growth, metabolism, plasma thyroid hormones and mrna species in the thyroid hormone signalling pathway.	young birds, in their post-natal growth period, may reduce their growth and metabolism when facing a food shortage. to examine how such responses can be mediated by endocrine-related factors, we exposed japanese quail chicks to food restriction for either 2 days (age 6-8 days) or 5 days (age 6-11 days). we then measured growth and resting metabolic rate (rmr), and circulating 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (t4) levels as well as expression patterns of genes invo ...	2009	19749098
the effects of testosterone on immune function in quail selected for divergent plasma corticosterone response.	the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ichh) suggests that the male sex hormone testosterone has a dual effect; it controls the development and expression of male sexually selected signals, and it suppresses the immune system. therefore only high quality males are able to fully express secondary sexual traits because only they can tolerate the immunosuppressive qualities of testosterone. a modified version of the ichh suggests that testosterone causes immunosuppression indirectly by increasin ...	2009	19749105
localization of circadian clock protein bmal1 in the photoperiodic signal transduction machinery in japanese quail.	the circadian clock is a fundamental property of living organisms and is involved in seasonal (photoperiodic) time measurement. among vertebrates, birds have multiple circadian pacemakers in the eye, the pineal gland, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), and have highly sophisticated photoperiodic mechanisms. however, because the removal of these circadian pacemakers fails to abolish the photoperiodic response, the existence of another "photoperiodic clock" has been suggested. recent studies h ...	2009	19760601
genistein supplementation to the quail: effects on egg production and egg yolk genistein, daidzein, and lipid peroxidation levels.	genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, is a powerful antioxidant. in the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary genistein supplementation on japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) laying performance and egg yolk contents of malondialdehyde (mda), vitamin a, and vitamin e. malondialdehyde is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, whereas vitamins a and e have antioxidant properties. birds (n=150; 5 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups consisting of 50 birds (5 replicates of 1 ...	2009	19762866
unsuitability of the northern bobwhite as a model species for the assessment of reproductive behavior in toxicological studies.	the northern bobwhite (colinus virginianus) is used in numerous wildlife toxicity studies, however no published reports could be located that mention the measurement of reproductive behavior in this species. changes in reproductive behavior can be potentially more sensitive to environmental contaminant exposures and less resilient than more traditional physiological responses. male bobwhite copulatory behaviors were measured similarly to those that are well established for use in japanese quail ...	2009	19778231
fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the ileocecal region of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we undertook this study to immunolocalize in quail vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and fibroblast growth factor (fgf-2) in the ileocecal region, which is a significant entry point for intestinal immunity. diffuse cytoplasmic reaction for fgf-2 and vegf was observed in the epithelial cells of the distal ileum and proximal cecal mucosa. vegf immunoreactive cells, which give strong intracytoplasmic immunoreaction, were observed in the lamina propria of both intestinal parts. fgf-2 immunor ...	2010	19824877
sex differences in the expression of sex steroid receptor mrna in the quail brain.	in japanese quail, males will readily exhibit the full sequence of male-typical sexual behaviors but females never show this response, even after ovariectomy and treatment with male-typical concentrations of exogenous testosterone. testosterone aromatisation plays a key-limiting role in the activation of this behavior but the higher aromatase activity in the brain of males compared to females is not sufficient to explain the behavioural sex difference. the cellular and molecular bases of this pr ...	2009	19845834
zona pellucida protein zp2 is expressed in the oocyte of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the avian perivitelline layer (pl), a vestment homologous to the zona pellucida (zp) of mammalian oocytes, is composed of at least three glycoproteins. our previous studies have demonstrated that the matrix's components, zp3 and zpd, are synthesized in ovarian granulosa cells. another component, zp1, is synthesized in the liver and is transported to the ovary by blood circulation. in this study, we report the isolation of cdna encoding quail zp2 and its expression in the female bird. by rnase pr ...	2010	19846483
effect of oral cadmium and zinc application on leukocytes biological activity in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	objective of this study was to investigate changes in biological activity of blood leukocytes in japanese quails, caused by zinc and cadmium administration. four groups of japanese quails were used. three experimental groups of quails were exposed either to cd (0.12 mg cd/quail), zn (4 mg zn/quail) or a combination of cd and zn (0.12 mg cd, 4 mg zn/quail), which were added daily to the drinking water. the fourth group was the control group. the metabolic activity of phagocytes and mitogenic acti ...	2013	19863008
cytochrome p4501a induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and two chlorinated dibenzofurans in primary hepatocyte cultures of three avian species.	relative potencies of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (pecdf), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (tcdf) were determined in vitro in primary hepatocyte cultures of chicken (gallus gallus), ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus), and japanese quail (coturnix japonica) embryos. concentration-dependent effects on ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity and expression of cytochrome p4501a4 and cytochrome p4501a5 (cyp1a4 and cyp1a5) messenger rn ...	2010	19884122
effect of the density of conspecifics on runway social reinstatement behavior of male japanese quail genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to stress.	runway tests are considered indicative of underlying sociality in birds and their ability to make social discriminations and establish interactions among conspecifics. herein, social reinstatement behavior in male juvenile japanese quail selected for a reduced (ls, low stress) or exaggerated (hs, high stress) adrenocortical response to brief mechanical restraint was evaluated. individual males were given the choice to reinstate with either 2 (low density, ld) or 8 (high density, hd) unfamiliar r ...	2009	19903944
a possible role of chorion protease in shell membrane degradation during development of quail embryos.	in the eggs of the quail coturnix japonica, the limiting membrane demarcates the shell membrane at the interface with the albumen and decreases in width during the hatching process. this study was done to identify agents that affect the width of this limiting membrane. zymography tests on extracts from extraembryonic tissues, yolk sacs, or chorioallantoic membranes, or all three, showed proteolytic activities during d 4 to 10 of incubation. localization experiments on these activities, performed ...	2009	19903963
the crystal polymorphism of calcium carbonate is determined by the matrix structure in quail eggs.	two calcified structures, the eggshell and sperm-associated body (sb), are present in the eggs of the japanese quail, coturnix japonica. x-ray diffractometry showed that calcium carbonates take the form of calcite in the eggshell and aragonite in the sb. the aim of the present study was to identify the factors that determine the morphology of calcium carbonate crystals. the matrix of edta-treated eggshell was a meshwork of vesicles, 200 to 500 nm in diameter, connected by fine fibers or fibrous ...	2009	19903967
effects of decreases in the three most limiting amino acids of low protein diets at two different feeding periods in japanese quails.	1. diets containing 100 (aa100), 95 (aa95), 90 (aa90) or 85% (aa85) of national research council (nrc, 1994) recommendations of methionine, threonine and lysine in a low-protein diet (200 g/kg) were fed to 15-d-old quails. 2. decreases of up to 15% of nrc recommendations in these three amino acids did not affect feed intake, weight gain and gain:feed intake values in the 15-35- and 15-42-d feeding periods. 3. compared to control diet, feeding cost per bird was lower in males fed with aa95 and aa ...	2009	19904640
haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic h5 and h7 avian influenza viruses isolated from northern pintails (anas acuta) in japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects.	pintails constitute an important host of avian influenza viruses (aivs). genetic, molecular, and antigenic characteristics of h5 and h7 aivs, which we isolated from northern pintails (anas acuta) wintering in japan, were analyzed and found to be linked to various ecological features, chiefly in terms of gene geography, as shaped by various migratory aquatic host species. although all the isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity (lp), we explored gene predispositions that may potentially un ...	2010	19916042
developmental stages of the japanese quail.	developmental biology research has used various avian species as model organisms for studying morphogenesis, with the chick embryo being used by the majority of groups. the focus on the chick embryo led hamburger and hamilton to develop their definitive staging series nearly 60 years ago and this series is still the mainstay of all laboratories working with avian embryos. the focus on the chick embryo has somewhat overshadowed the importance of another avian embryo that has proved to be equally ...	2010	19929907
effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and soy isoflavones supplementation on bone mineralisation of quail.	1. the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-oh-d(3)) and soy isoflavones supplementation on performance, carcase recovery, bone mineral density, and tibia ash, ca, p, and serum vitamin d concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. a total of 270 ten-d-old japanese quail were randomly assigned to 9 treatment groups, 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of ...	2009	19946824
influence of maternal corticosterone treatment on incubation length of eggs laid by japanese quail hens selected for divergent adrenocortical stress responsiveness.	1. previous studies have shown that more yolk corticosterone is found in the eggs of random bred japanese quail hens implanted with corticosterone during egg formation; both unstressed and stressed quail hens selected for exaggerated (high stress) rather than reduced (low stress) plasma corticosterone response to brief restraint deposit more corticosterone into their egg yolks. the length of egg incubation is also known to be shorter in eggs laid by high than low stress hens. 2. here we investig ...	2009	19946828
allometric scaling of fatty acyl chains in fowl liver, lung and kidney, but not in brain phospholipids.	the phospholipid (pl) fatty acyl chain (fa) composition (mol%) was determined in the kidney, liver, lung and brain of 8 avian species ranging in body mass from 150g (japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica) to 19kg (turkey, meleagris gallopavo). in all organs except the brain, docosahexaenoic acid (c22:6 n3, dha) was found to show a negative allometric scaling (allometric exponent: b=-0.18; -0.20 and -0.24, for kidney, liver and lung, respectively). with minor inter-organ differences, smaller ...	2010	19961949
pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in the plasma of japanese quail.	to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol in the plasma of healthy japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	2009	19966901
polymorphic heterochromatic segments in japanese quail microchromosomes.	using highly extended lampbrush chromosomes from diplotene oocytes, we have examined the distribution of heterochromatin protein 1 beta (hp1 beta) and histone h3 modifications on chicken (gallus gallus) and japanese quail (coturnix japonica) (2n = 78) microchromosomes. acrocentric microchromosomes of chicken and submetacentric microchromosomes of quail differ in several morphological features. in addition to pericentromeric and subtelomeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin, which are enric ...	2009	20016164
biochemical responses of juvenile and adult japanese quails to cyanobacterial biomass.	the aim of the present study was to evaluate differences between juvenile and adult japanese quails in responses to the exposure to cyanobacterial biomass in the diet.	2009	20027171
effects of cyanobacterial biomass on avian reproduction: a japanese quail model.	the present study was aimed at evaluation of the response of japanese quails to cyanobacterial biomass administered in feed using biochemical profiles and parameters of reproduction.	2009	20027172
zinc picolinate in the prevention of leiomyoma in japanese quail.	epidemiologic studies suggest that zinc deficiency may be associated with increased risk of cancer. we investigated the effects of zinc picolinate supplementation on the development of leiomyomas, malondialdehyde (mda), 8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxyalkenal (hae), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-ohdg) levels, and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression in japanese quails. one hundred fifty quails (6 months old) were assigned to three treatment groups consisting of 50 birds in each group. birds wer ...	2009	20041795
development of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves in the major cerebral arteries of the quail anterior circulation.	development of cerebral perivascular nerves immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) was investigated in the japanese quails, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis. vip-immunoreactive (vip-ir) nerves supplying the anterior circulation appeared on the cerebral carotid artery (cca) at embryonic day 10 and on the cerebroethmoidal artery (cea) after hatching. nerves from the cca increased greatly in number and spread progressively during successive embryonic stages, ...	2009	20046033
effects on differentiation of reproductive organs and sexual behaviour in japanese quail by excessive embryonic eralpha activation.	exposure of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) embryos to oestrogenic substances disrupts sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract of both sexes and impairs the copulatory behaviour of the adult male. to examine whether these effects can be induced by selective activation of oestrogen receptor alpha (eralpha), japanese quail eggs were injected with various doses of the selective eralpha agonist 16alpha-lactone-oestradiol (16alpha-le(2)). the natural oestrogen 17beta-oestradiol (e(2)) was ...	2010	20047727
fasting triggers hypothermia, and ambient temperature modulates its depth in japanese quail coturnix japonica.	we tested three hypotheses regarding the cues that elicit facultative hypothermia in japanese quail (coturnix japonica): h(1)) ambient temperature (t(a)), alone, influences the onset and depth of hypothermia; h(2)) fasting, alone, influences the onset and depth of hypothermia; h(3)) t(a) acts synergistically with fasting to shape the use of hypothermia. eight quail were maintained within their thermoneutral zone (tnz) at 32.6+/-0.2 degrees c, and eight below their lower critical temperature (t(l ...	2010	20060055
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons in a photoperiodic songbird express fos and egr-1 protein after a single long day.	birds use a variety of environmental cues, such as day length, temperature and social interactions, to time reproductive efforts. for most seasonally breeding birds, day length is the most important cue and takes precedence over all others. experimental manipulation of day length has shown that, in a number of galliformes and passeriformes, exposure to a single long day induces a rise in plasma luteinising hormone (lh). the mechanisms underlying this response are only beginning to be understood. ...	2010	20070482
a functional neuropeptide system in vertebrate gonads: gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and its receptor in testes of field-caught house sparrow (passer domesticus).	previously, the expression and action of gnih (gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone) has been characterized in the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively. the action of this neurohormone is to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. several hormone systems identified in the vertebrate brain and classified as neurohormones are synthesized in and have a localized action on the gonads as well. here we present several lines of evidence for the expres ...	2010	20074575