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non-viral factors contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma.hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over half a million deaths per year. the geographic pattern of hcc incidence is parallel to exposure to viral etiologic factors. its incidence is increasing, ranging between 3% and 9% annually depending on the geographical location, and variability in the incidence rates correspond closely to the prevalence and pattern of the primary etiologic factors. chronic infections with hepatitis b viruses or hepatiti ...201323805355
characterization analysis of schistosoma japonicum plasma membrane repair relative gene myoferlin.myoferlin is a member of the ferlin family of proteins, which are involved in plasma membrane repair, and has been identified as one of the tegument proteins of schistosoma japonicum. the tegument proteins are potential candidates for vaccines and new drug targets. in this study, myoferlin of s. japonicum (sjmf) was cloned, expressed and characterized, the potential of sjmf recombinant protein (rsjmf) as a vaccine candidate was evaluated, and the effect of praziquantel on sjmf was detected by re ...201323823740
microrna-gene expression network in murine liver during schistosoma japonicum infection.schistosomiasis japonica remains a significant public health problem in china and southeast asian countries. the most typical and serious outcome of the chronic oriental schistosomiasis is the progressive granuloma and fibrosis in the host liver, which has been a major medical challenge. however, the molecular mechanism underling the hepatic pathogenesis is still not clear.201323825609
bioinformatic analysis for structure and function of tctp from spirometra mansoni.to predict structure and function of translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) from spirometra mansoni by bioinformatics technology, and to provide a theoretical basis for further study.201323827148
schistosomiasis of the nervous system.schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus schistosoma. currently 200 million people worldwide are infected. neurological manifestations are a result of the inflammatory response of the host to egg deposition in the brain and spinal cord and is usually seen in patients with recent infection with no evidence of systemic illness. cerebral and cerebellar disease can result in headache, seizure, and increased intracranial pressure. cerebral schistosomiasis is more com ...201323829918
pyrosequencing for rapid molecular identification of schistosoma japonicum and s. mekongi eggs and cercariae.schistosomiasis, which is caused by schistosoma japonicum and s. mekongi, is a chronic and dangerous widespread disease affecting several countries in asia. differentiation between s. japonicum and s. mekongi eggs and/or cercariae via microscopic examination is difficult due to morphological similarities. it is important to identify these etiological agents isolated from animals and humans at the species or genotype level. in this study, a pyrosequencing assay designed to detect s. japonicum and ...201323831037
cytosine methylation is a conserved epigenetic feature found throughout the phylum platyhelminthes.the phylum platyhelminthes (flatworms) contains an important group of bilaterian organisms responsible for many debilitating and chronic infectious diseases of human and animal populations inhabiting the planet today. in addition to their biomedical and veterinary relevance, some platyhelminths are also frequently used models for understanding tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. therefore, the molecular (genetic and epigenetic) characteristics that underlie trophic specialism, pathogenici ...201323837670
[dynamic changes of immune responses in balb/c mice immunized with a recombinant bb(pgex-sj14-3-3) vaccine of schistosoma japonicum].to investigate the dynamic changes of the immune responses in mice immunized with a recombinant (bifidobacterium bifidum, bb) (pgex-sj14-3-3) vaccine of schistosoma japonicum.201323837975
the developing schistosome worms elicit distinct immune responses in different tissue regions.schistosome parasites follow a complex migration path through various tissues, changing their antigenic profile as they develop. a thorough understanding of the antibody response in each tissue region could help unravel the complex immunology of these developing parasites and aid vaccine design. here we used a novel strategy for analysing the local antibody responses induced by schistosoma japonicum infection at each site of infection. cells from rat lymph nodes draining the sites of larval migr ...201323856766
highly ordered protein nanorings designed by accurate control of glutathione s-transferase self-assembly.protein self-assembly into exquisite, complex, yet highly ordered architectures represents the supreme wisdom of nature. however, precise manipulation of protein self-assembly behavior in vitro is a great challenge. here we report that by taking advantage of the cooperation of metal-ion-chelating interactions and nonspecific protein-protein interactions, we achieved accurate control of the orientation of proteins and their self-assembly into protein nanorings. as a building block, we utilized th ...201323865524
in vivo effect of single oral dose of artemether against early juvenile stages of schistosoma mansoni egyptian strain.the current treatment and control of schistosomiasis, rely on a single drug, praziquantel, although, it has minor activity against juvenile stages of the parasite. studies have shown that artemether (art) exhibits effects against juveniles of schistosoma mansoni liberian and puerto rican strains, schistosoma japonicum and schistosoma haematobium. aiming to assess the in vivo activity of single oral dose of art against early juvenile stages of s. mansoni egyptian strain, this study was establishe ...201323876575
towards improved diagnosis of neglected zoonotic trematodes using a one health approach.reaching the goal of control, elimination and eradication of the neglected tropical disease in a foreseeable future provides significant challenges at the ground level especially regarding helminthiasis. helminths are still mainly diagnoses by egg identification in stool, methods with low sensitivity and for most species low specificity. cross-sectoral collaboration with regard to zoonoses is almost non-existing and cross-validation by inter-laboratory evaluation of diagnostic tests is not a com ...201523886849
cloning, expression, and preliminary characterization of the dysferlin tegument protein in schistosoma japonicum.the schistosomal tegument is a dynamic host-interactive layer. proteins exposed to the host on the tegumental surface are important for completion of the parasitic lifecycle. dysferlin is a member of the ferlin family and is involved in plasma membrane repair. based on the results of a proteomics study of tegument surface proteins of schistosoma japonicum in our laboratory, dysferlin was identified as a tegumental protein of s. japonicum. the gene encoding s. japonicum dysferlin (sjdf), which co ...201323892179
[dynamics of il-22-producing cells of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum].to study the dynamics of il-22-producing cells and analyze the main source of il-22 of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.201323894833
[activities of treg cells stimulated by soluble adult worm antigen and egg antigen of schistosoma japonicum].to observe and compare the effects of soluble adult worm antigen (swa) and soluble egg antigen (sea) of schistosoma japonicum on the induction of treg cells and the suppressive activity of treg cells.201323894834
[effects of soluble adult worm antigen and soluble egg antigen of schistosoma japonicum on differentiation of cd4+ t cells of mice].to investigate and compare the different effects of soluble adult worm antigen (swa) and soluble egg antigen (sea) of schistosoma japonicum on the differentiation of the splenocytes and cd4+ t cells of mice.201323894835
[current status of human schistosoma japonicum infection and reinfection in marshland and lake regions of xinjian county, jiangxi province, china].to understand the dynamics of human infection and reinfection of schistosoma japonicum after chemotherapy in marshland and lake endemic regions so as to provide the evidence for developing a cost-effective control strategy.201323894848
genetic variability among schistosoma japonicum isolates from the philippines, japan and china revealed by sequence analysis of three mitochondrial genes.the present study examined sequence variability in the mitochondrial (mt) protein-coding genes cytochrome b (cytb), nadh dehydrogenase subunits 2 and 6 (nad2 and nad6) among 24 isolates of schistosoma japonicum from different endemic regions in the philippines, japan and china. the complete cytb, nad2 and nad6 genes were amplified and sequenced separately from individual schistosome. sequence variations for isolates from the philippines were 0-0.5% for cytb, 0-0.6% for nad2, and 0-0.9% for nad6. ...201523901927
proteomic analysis of tegument-exposed proteins of female and male schistosoma japonicum worms.the interplay between sexes is a prerequisite for female growth, reproductive maturation, and egg production, and the basis of schistosome pathopoiesis and propagation. the tegument is in direct contact with the host environment and its surface membranes are particularly crucial for schistosome survival in the definitive host. in this study, a streptavidin-biotin affinity purification technique combined with lc-ms/ms was used to analyze putative tegument-exposed proteins in female and male adult ...201323909873
synthesis and sar studies of praziquantel derivatives with activity against schistosoma japonicum.the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (sar) studies of praziquantel derivatives with activity against adult schistosoma japonicum are described. several of them showed better worm killing activity than praziquantel and could serve as leads for further optimization.201323912271
development and effects of schistosoma japonicum (trematoda) on its intermediate host, oncomelania hupensis (gastropoda).trematodes belonging to the genus schistosoma cause schistosomiasis. the relationship between schistosomes and their intermediate hosts varies among snails. this study investigated the effects of s. japonicum on its snail host, oncomelania hupensis, and cercarial release rythmicity of s. japonicum and the effects of light on it.201323914233
synthesis of fluorescent derivatives of praziquantel: cell-imaging and interaction with schistosoma japonicum cercariae.schistosomiasis is one of the most burdensome of the neglected tropical diseases. praziquantel is a recommended drug for treatment against all forms of schistosomiasis. to investigate the interaction between praziquantel and schistosoma japonicum cercariae, two praziquantel derivatives (pzq-2 and pzq-3) and one praziquantel fluorescent derivative (pzq-5) have been synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr) and ms spectra. the cytotoxicity of pzq-2, pzq-3 an ...201323925274
spatially explicit modeling of schistosomiasis risk in eastern china based on a synthesis of epidemiological, environmental and intermediate host genetic data.schistosomiasis japonica is a major parasitic disease threatening millions of people in china. though overall prevalence was greatly reduced during the second half of the past century, continued persistence in some areas and cases of re-emergence in others remain major concerns. as many regions in china are approaching disease elimination, obtaining quantitative data on schistosoma japonicum parasites is increasingly difficult. this study examines the distribution of schistosomiasis in eastern c ...201323936563
microarray analysis of gene expression profiles of schistosoma japonicum derived from less-susceptible host water buffalo and susceptible host goat.water buffalo and goats are natural hosts for s. japonicum in endemic areas of china. the susceptibility of these two hosts to schistosome infection is different, as water buffalo are less conducive to s. japonicum growth and development. to identify genes that may affect schistosome development and survival, we compared gene expression profiles of schistosomes derived from these two natural hosts using high-throughput microarray technology.201323940568
deep sequencing-based identification of pathogen-specific micrornas in the plasma of rabbits infected with schistosoma japonicum.circulating micrornas (mirnas) have received considerable attention as a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancer and as signalling molecules in mediating intercellular communication. schistosomes, the causative agents of schistosomiasis, live in the blood vessels of a mammalian host in the adult stage. in the present study, we characterized schistosome-specific small rna populations in the plasma of rabbits infected with schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) using a deep sequencing ...201323942009
schistosoma japonicum: tsunagi/y14 protein plays a critical role in the development of the reproductive organs and eggs.tsunagi/y14 is an evolutionarily conserved rna-binding protein that is required for the maintenance of oogenesis and the masculinization of the germ-line in many animal models. we speculated that tsunagi/y14 might also regulate reproductive organ development in schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum, sj). sj tsunagi/y14 and control double-stranded rnas were introduced into schistosomula by electroporation respectively. these transfected schistosomula were cultured in vitro for 1, 3 or 5 days. the m ...201323973739
mefloquine, a new type of compound against schistosomes and other helminthes in experimental studies.up to date, schistosomiasis is still prevalent worldwide. it is estimated that more than 200 million individuals are infected, and 120 million suffer from clinical morbidity. facing such huge cases of schistosomiasis, only heavy reliance on a single praziquantel for schistosomiasis control does not adapt and may promote the selection and spread of drug-resistant parasites. therefore, it is an urgent need to develop the new antischistosomal drug. in 2008-2009, the antimalarial drug mefloquine, an ...201323979493
synthesis of a suite of bioorthogonal glutathione s-transferase substrates and their enzymatic incorporation for protein immobilization.label-free protein immobilization allows precise detection of biomolecular events. preserving enzyme function is intrinsically challenging for these strategies. considering that glutathione s-transferase (gst) is a broadly employed enzymatic fusion tag, we reported a label-free self-catalyzed immobilization for schistosoma japonicum gst. we now report the synthesis, structure, and enzymology of a set of 20 smsnares (small molecule snar-electrophiles). these smsnares mimic (electronically) the ca ...201323984983
a circular analysis of chronobiology of schistosoma japonicum cercarial emergence from hilly areas of anhui, china.about 46 mammal species have been suspected as reservoir hosts for schistosoma japonicum and therefore the track of the target parasites, in relation to definitive host species, may be of great importance in terms of theoretical and practical implications. the circadian rhythm of cercariae emergence, a genetically controlled behavior for parasites to adapt to their definitive hosts, may seem to be a perfect biological marker for s. japonicum. in this study, a late (or nocturnal) cercarial emerge ...201323988664
approaches to genotyping individual miracidia of schistosoma japonicum.molecular genetic tools are needed to address questions as to the source and dynamics of transmission of the human blood fluke schistosoma japonicum in regions where human infections have reemerged, and to characterize infrapopulations in individual hosts. the life stage that interests us as a target for collecting genotypic data is the miracidium, a very small larval stage that consequently yields very little dna for analysis. here, we report the successful development of a multiplex format per ...201324013341
[study of closed colony of microtus fortis infected with schistosoma japonicum].to understand the pathological changes of tissues and organs in microtus fortis infected with schistosoma japonicum for further insight into the biological dynamic variation and explore immune mechanisms of m. fortis against s. japonicum infection.201324024439
[preliminary evaluation of promoter regions of four schistosoma japonicum genes for expressing a luciferase reporter].to evaluate the relevant promoter regions of four schistosoma japonicum genes for expressing a luciferase reporter.201324024440
substantial loss of conserved and gain of novel microrna families in flatworms.recent studies on microrna (mirna) evolution focused mainly on the comparison of mirna complements between animal clades. however, evolution of mirnas within such groups is poorly explored despite the availability of comparable data that in some cases lack only a few key taxa. for flatworms (platyhelminthes), mirna complements are available for some free-living flatworms and all major parasitic lineages, except for the monogenea. we present the mirna complement of the monogenean flatworm gyrodac ...201324025793
pre-existing schistosoma japonicum infection alters the immune response to plasmodium berghei infection in c57bl/6 mice.since helminths and malaria parasites are often co-endemic, it is important to clarify the immunoregulatory mechanism that occurs during the process of co-infection. a previous study confirmed that dendritic cells (dcs) are involved in the establishment and regulation of the t-cell-mediated immune response to malaria infection. in the current study, distinct response profiles for splenic dcs and regulatory t cell (treg) responses were assessed to evaluate the effects of a pre-existing schistosom ...201324034228
seasonal dynamics of schistosoma japonicum infection in buffaloes in the poyang lake region and suggestions on local treatment schemes.schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem and the poyang lake region in jiangxi province is one of the worst affected endemic areas. buffaloes play a major role in the transmission of schistosoma japonicum to humans. the aim of the present study was to increase understanding of the epidemic characteristics of schistosomiasis japonica in water buffaloes in the poyang lake region, after achieving the national mid-term goal, and to provide a basis for further interventions. the ...201324045056
in vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in mice.dihydroartemisinin, an anti-malarial agent, has been shown to exhibit activity against schistosoma japonicum and s. mansoni. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against juvenile s. mansoni and the changes to the genital system among worms surviving drug treatment. mice were infected with 200 s. mansoni cercariae each and randomly assigned to groups. dihydroartemisinin at a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg was given to mice on days 14 or 16, ...201324050069
prostatic schistosoma japonicum with atypical immunophenotyping of individual glandular tubes: a case report and review of the literature.there are few cases of prostatic schistosomiasis. here we report a case of schistosoma japonicum of the prostate, in which the immunophenotyping of individual glandular tubes was atypical. whether the s. japonicum infection contributed to the lesion or not is unknown. we suspect the lesion was a sign of early precancerous hyperplasia. follow-up of this patient may give clues about the relationship between schistosomiasis and prostate cancer. this is the first case report of prostatic s. japonicu ...201324050089
[dna prime followed by protein boost enhances the protective efficacy against schistosoma japonicum infection in mice].schistosomiasis japonica is an endemic, zoonotic disease of major public health importance in china. vaccination is needed as a complementary approach to the ongoing control programs. in the present study, we determined if the efficacies of dna vaccine encoding the sjgst and sj32 asparaginyl endopeptidase protein could be enhanced by boosting with sjgst-32 protein vaccines. mice were inoculated with a vr1012-sjgst-32 dna vaccine followed by boosting with rsjgst-32 at 0, 14 and 28 d. two weeks af ...201324063240
in vitro cultivation of schistosoma japonicum-parasites and cells.schistosomiasis is a serious parasitic zoonosis caused by blood-dwelling flukes of the genus schistosoma. understanding functions of genes and proteins of this parasite is important for uncovering this pathogen's complex biology, which will provide valuable information to design new strategies for schistosomiasis control. effective applications of molecular tools reported to investigate schistosome gene function, such as inhibitor studies and transgenesis, rely on the developments of in vitro cu ...201324070875
schistosomiasis.schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by flatworms (trematodes). it is second only to malaria in public health significance, with over 200 million people infected worldwide, leading to severe consequences in 20 million persons and 100,000 deaths, annually. there are four species that cause intestinal schistosomiasis: schistosoma mansoni; schistosoma japonicum, schistosoma mekongi, and schistosoma intercalatum. schistosoma haematobium causes urinary schistosomias, and is endemic in afri ...201324079113
local immune responses of the chinese water buffalo, bubalus bubalis, against schistosoma japonicum larvae: crucial insights for vaccine design.asian schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease infecting up to a million people and threatening tens of millions more. control of this disease is hindered by the animal reservoirs of the parasite, in particular the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), which is responsible for significant levels of human transmission. a transmission-blocking vaccine administered to buffaloes is a realistic option which would aid in the control of schistosomiasis. this will however require a better understandin ...201324086786
distribution of lethal giant larvae (lgl) protein in the tegument and negative impact of sirna-based gene silencing on worm surface structure and egg hatching in schistosoma japonicum.lethal giant larvae (lgl) are an evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor present in fungi and animals. it plays an essential role in establishing apical-basal cell polarity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue organization. here, we report the presence of lgl gene in the blood fluke schistosoma japonicum (sjlgl) (genbank: kf246684). sjlgl protein was mainly distributed in the unique surface tegument structure by immunofluorescence microscopic staining. using a simple soaking method ...201424096609
is there a reduced sensitivity of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant schistosoma japonicum?praziquantel is currently the only drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosomiases. however, it has been proved that schistosoma japonicum subjected to drug pressure may develop resistance to praziquantel. to evaluate the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant s. japonicum, mice infected with a praziquantel-resistant isolate and a praziquantel-susceptible isolate of s. japonicum were treated with dihydroartemisinin at a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg given once on ...201424146208
dihydroartemisinin: a new story of an old drug against schistosoma mansoni infection.currently, praziquantel is the drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosoma mansoni infections. it has not been proved until now that there is real praziquantel resistance, but there is decreased praziquantel sensitivity. a search for novel antischistosomal agents against the parasite has been given a high priority. dihydroartemisinin, formerly identified as an antimalarial drug, has been shown to be active against both schistosoma japonicum and s. mansoni in mice. interestingly, dihydr ...201424146209
maternal infection with schistosoma japonicum induces a profibrotic response in neonates.the global burden of schistosomiasis is significant, with fibrosis a major associated morbidity and the primary cause of mortality. we have previously shown that schistosomiasis during pregnancy upregulates proinflammatory cytokines in the cord blood. in this study, we extend these findings to include a large panel of fibrosis-associated markers. we developed a multiplex bead-based assay to measure the levels of 35 proteins associated with fibrosis. cord blood from 109 neonates born to mothers r ...201424166958
the serological diagnosis of human clonorchiasis by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay based on gst2-specific igg4 detection.due to its delayed fluorescence of a lanthanide chelate, high accuracy and low background the broad linear range, long fluorescent life-time and large stoke's shift of europium chelates, the time-resolved fluorescence has been developed for higher sensitive immunoassay. in this article, a simple, sensitive and specific method-time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (trfia) was adopted for immunoassay of clonorchiasis, and recombinant glutathione transferases 2 of clonorchis sinensis (rcsgst2) was used a ...201424169809
recombinant production, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of schistosoma japonicum profilin.helminthic parasites of the genus schistosoma contain a tegumental membrane, which is of crucial importance for modulation of the host immune response and parasite survival. the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in the function of the tegument. profilins are among the most important proteins regulating actin dynamics. schistosoma japonicum possesses one profilin-like protein, which has been characterized as a potential vaccine candidate. notably, profilins are highly immunogenic molecul ...201324192365
[characterization and immunoprotective effect of sjirv1, a 66 kda calcium-binding protein from schistosoma japonicum].calcium-binding protein is an indispensable protein which performs extensive and important functions in the growth of schistosoma japonicum. based on our primary study on tegument surface proteins of s. japonicun, a cdna encoding a 66 kda calcium-binding protein of s. japonicum (chinese strain) was cloned, sequence analysis revealed that it was identical with that of sjirv1 of philippines strains s. japonicum. the expression of sjirv1 were detected by real-time pcr, using cdna templates isolated ...201324195356
[dynamic changes of proliferation, subsets and apoptosis of splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with recombinant bb(pgex-sj26gst-sj32) vaccine against schistosoma japonicum].to study the dynamic change of proliferation, subsets and apoptosis of splenocytes of balb/c mice immunized with recombinant bb(pgex-sj26gst-sj32) vaccine of schistosoma japonicum.201324200056
bilharzia in the philippines: past, present, and future.schistosomiasis japonica has a long history in the philippines. in 1975, 24 endemic provinces were identified in the northern, central, and southern islands of the philippines. more than five million people were at risk, with approximately one million infected. in 2003, new foci of infection were found in two provinces in the north and central areas. for the past 30 years, human mass drug administration (mda), utilizing the drug praziquantel, has been the mainstay of control in the country. rece ...201424211228
roles of th17 cells in pulmonary granulomas induced by schistosoma japonicum in c57bl/6 mice.in schistosomiasis, limited information is available about the role of interleukin-17 (il-17) in lung, despite the fact that this cytokine plays a crucial role during pro-inflammatory immune responses. in our study, we observed cd4(+)t cells changed after the infection. furthermore, elisa and facs results revealed that schistosomajaponicum infection could induce a large amount of il-17 in mouse pulmonary lymphocytes. il-17-producing cells, including th17 cells, cd8(+)t (tc) cells, γδt cells and ...201324212062
molecular characterization of voltage-gated calcium channel β-subunits of clonorchis sinensis.the voltage-gated ca(2+) channel β-subunit is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family and modulates kinetic properties of the ca(2+) channels, such as their voltage-dependent activation and inactivation rates. two cdna clones were identified to encode each β-subunit isotype of the voltage-gated ca(2+) channel of clonorchis sinensis, cscavβ1 and cscavβ2, which consist of 606 and 887 amino acids, respectively. cscavβ1 was found to be similar to the β-subunit containing two cons ...201424221884
control efficacy of annual community-wide treatment against schistosoma japonicum in china: a meta-analysis.human schistosomiasis is caused by schistosome, with annual loss of over 70 million disability adjusted life years in the world. china is endemic with schistosoma japonicum and large-scale chemotherapy with praziquantel has become the mainstay of control in china since 1990s. however, the control effects of mass treatment in the field have been uneven. moreover, mass treatment has come into a wide use in other countries with limited health resources. therefore, a better understanding of the cont ...201324223819
cyclophilin a from schistosoma japonicum promotes a th2 response in mice.schistosomiasis is a chronic infection, where the host immune response to the parasite changes from a predominantly th1 to th2 phenotype, when parasite enters the egg stage, restraining the host inflammatory immune responses to achieve a longer survival in the host. on the other hand, the development of th2 responses causes immunopathological changes such as liver fibrosis. therefore identification of schistosome-derived th2 inducing molecules is important in the understanding of pathogenesis of ...201324238088
comparative selenoproteome analysis reveals a reduced utilization of selenium in parasitic platyhelminthes.background. the selenocysteine(sec)-containing proteins, selenoproteins, are an important group of proteins present in all three kingdoms of life. although the selenoproteomes of many organisms have been analyzed, systematic studies on selenoproteins in platyhelminthes are still lacking. moreover, comparison of selenoproteomes between free-living and parasitic animals is rarely studied. results. in this study, three representative organisms (schmidtea mediterranea, schistosoma japonicum and taen ...201324255816
schistosoma japonicum risk in jiangsu province, people's republic of china: identification of a spatio-temporal risk pattern along the yangtze river.the risk for schistosoma japonicum infection in jiangsu province, people's republic of china, was investigated by a mouse bioassay. various investigations were conducted in the period 2009-2011 with the presentation here representing the summary of the results from 45-50 sites in the marshlands along the yangtze river's course through the province. indices representing three aspects of the infection were collected to assess risk: (i) the proportion of sentinel points where at least one mouse inf ...201324258890
praziquantel treatment in trematode and cestode infections: an update.status and emerging issues in the use of praziquantel for treatment of human trematode and cestode infections are briefly reviewed. since praziquantel was first introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic in 1975, innumerable articles describing its successful use in the treatment of the majority of human-infecting trematodes and cestodes have been published. the target trematode and cestode diseases include schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, heterophyidiasis, ech ...201324265948
effect of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 on cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells in murine schistosomiasis japonica.in a previous study we demonstrated that cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells (tregs) contributed to the escape of schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) from the host's immune responses. in this paper, we studied the effect of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ctla-4) on cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs in murine schistosomiasis japonica and its corresponding role in the immune evasion of s. japonicum in mice. the results showed substantial reductions of worm burden and egg production in worm groups tr ...201424269199
a microtus fortis protein, serum albumin, is a novel inhibitor of schistosoma japonicum schistosomula.schistosomiasis is an endemic parasite disease and praziquantel is the only drug currently in use to control this disease. experimental and epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that microtus fortis ( mf ) is a naturally resistant vertebrate host of schistosoma japonicum . in the present study, we found that mf serum albumin ( mf -albumin) and the conditioned medium of pcdna3.1- mf -albumin caused 46.2% and 38.7% schistosomula death rates in 96 h, respectively, which were significantly high ...201324271043
schistosoma japonicum tegumental protein 20.8, role in reproduction through its calcium binding ability.schistosomiasis threatens thousands of millions of peoples' health every year in the world. schistosoma japonicum, a pathogen of schistosomiasis, is covered by a lipid bilayer membrane which plays an important role in nutrient transport, signal transduction, interaction with host's immune system, etc. thus, molecules in the tegumental membrane have gained more and more interest for understanding biological and pathological processes of schistosoma. in this study, we found a protein from s. japon ...201424276643
stem cell therapy for the treatment of parasitic infections: is it far away?stem cell therapy is an interventional treatment that introduces new cells into damaged tissues, which help in treating many diseases and injuries. it has been proved that stem cell therapy is effective for the treatment of cancers, diabetes mellitus, parkinson's disease, huntington's disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and many other diseases. recently, stem cell therapy has been introduced to treat parasitic infections. the culture supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells (m ...201424276645
detection of igg in sera of patients with schistosomiasis japonica by developing magnetic affinity enzyme-linked immunoassay based on recombinant 14-3-3 protein.low intensity of schistosoma infection is the current status in china after long time treatment with praziquantel, therefore more sensitive diagnostic methods are required now. in this study, a magnetic affinity enzyme-linked immunoassay (meia) based on the signal transduction protein 14-3-3 of schistosoma japonicum (sj14-3-3), was developed for detecting schistosomiasis.201424284955
impact and cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive schistosomiasis japonica control program in the poyang lake region of china.schistosomiasis japonica remains a significant public-health problem in china. this study evaluated cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive schistosomiasis control program (2003-2006). the comprehensive control program was implemented in zhangjia and jianwu (cases); while standard interventions continued in koutou and xiajia (controls). incurred costs were documented and the schistosomiasis comprehensive impact index (sci) and cost-effectiveness ratio (comprehensive control program cost/sci) were ...201324287861
single- or mixed-sex schistosoma japonicum infections of intermediate host snails in hilly areas of anhui, china.schistosomiasis japonicum is one of the most serious communicable diseases, and the transmission of the parasite is dependent of its complex life cycle on which many factors can have an impact. multiple infections comprising both male and female schistosome within snail intermediate hosts, for example, would facilitate parasite transmission. however, no research on schistosoma japonicum communities in field-collected oncomelania hupensis hupensis in relation to schistosome sex has been reported. ...201424292605
involvement of heat shock protein 47 in schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.chronic infection with the blood fluke schistosoma japonicum is associated with both liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. previously, heat shock protein 47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, was shown to play a critical role in the maturation of procollagen. however, less is known about the role of heat shock protein 47 in s. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. we therefore investigated the expression of heat shock protein 47 in s. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis and attempted to determine ...201424295791
transcriptome profilings of female schistosoma japonicum reveal significant differential expression of genes after pairing.pairing of schistosoma japonicum initiates female development, leads to female sexual maturation, and maintains this mature state. to understand the mechanism involved in these processes, we studied parasites isolated from single- and double-sex cercariae-infected mice using deep-sequencing analysis, solexa, to uncover pair-regulated transcriptional profiles. in this study, we report the results of high-throughput tag-sequencing (tag-seq) analysis of the transcriptome of female worms 18 and 23 d ...201424297695
helminth protein vaccine induced follicular t helper cell for enhancement of humoral immunity against schistosoma japonicum.protein vaccines combined with adjuvants have been widely used to induce immune responses, especially the humoral immune response, against molecular targets including parasites. follicular t helper (tfh) cells are the specialized providers of b-cell help, however, the induction of tfh cells in protein vaccination has been rarely studied. here, we report that the schistosoma japonicum recombinant protein (sjgst-32) combined with tacrolimus (fk506) augmented the induction of tfh cells, which expre ...201324308005
changes in nk and nkt cells in mesenteric lymph nodes after a schistosoma japonicum infection.the mesenteric lymph node (mln) is the main draining lymph node in mouse enterocoelia, which contains many types of immune cells. among these cells, natural killer (nk) and natural killer t (nkt) cells belong to innate lymphoid cells (ilcs), which have potent activities for controlling a variety of pathogenic infections. in this study, c57bl/6 mice were infected with schistosoma japonicum for 5-7 weeks. lymphocytes were isolated from the mln to detect changes in the phenotype and function of nk ...201424322293
efficacy of artemether and artesunate in mice infected with praziquantel non-susceptible isolate of schistosoma japonicum.praziquantel is currently the only drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosoma japonicum infections, and praziquantel-based chemotherapy has been proved to be generally effective to control the morbidity and reduce the prevalence and intensity of s. japonicum infections. however, the potential emergence of praziquantel resistance in s. japonicum seriously threatens the elimination of this neglected tropical disease in china. the purpose of this study was designed, in mouse animals, to ...201424326467
host serum mir-223 is a potential new biomarker for schistosoma japonicum infection and the response to chemotherapy.numerous studies have shown that aberrant microrna (mirna) expression is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases. hence, serum mirnas are considered to be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of human diseases. this study examined whether several mirnas known to be commonly deregulated in liver diseases are deregulated in the serum of hosts with hepatic schistosomiasis, and thus whether they could serve as potential markers for detection of schistosome infect ...201324330517
expression and immune characterization of a novel enzyme, protein arginine methyltransferase 1, from schistosoma japonicum.protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (prmt1) is an arginine-specific protein methyltransferase that methylates a number of proteins involved in transcription and rna metabolism in all parasitic helminths, including the human blood fluke, schistosoma japonicum. to characterize the role of prmt1 in the development of s. japonicum and to investigate its influence on parasite-host interactions, we cloned and expressed the protein from an existing cdna library. we report that the clone encoded a poly ...201424343727
[preliminary studies on protective immunity induced by recombinant protein of schistosoma japonicum p14 gene and its mechanism against schistosome infection in mice].to explore the immune protective effect of the basic calponin-like protein (sjp14) in mice response to the infection of schistosoma japonicum.201324358744
surgical treatment of 42 patients with cerebral schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum.to investigate the clinical value of surgical treatment for cerebral schistosomiasis.201324358745
mefloquine in combination with hemin causes severe damage to adult schistosoma japonicum in vitro.in order to explore the interaction of mefloquine with hemin against adult schistosoma japonicum in vitro, the 50% and 95% lethal concentration (lc50 and lc95) of mefloquine and hemin against schistosomes, some factors, such as other iron providing agents, iron chelaters, zinc protoporphyrin-ix, and biological relevant reductants, that might impact on antischistosomal activity induced by interaction of mefloquine with hemin, and preliminary analysis of chemical interaction of both compounds were ...201424361723
molecular characterization and identification of th1 epitopes of a schistosoma japonicum protein similar to prosaposin.the tegument of schistosomula contains t cell antigens that might simulate the protective mechanisms of the radiation-attenuated vaccine in a mouse model of schistosomiasis. immune mechanisms mediated by the cd4+ th1 response are important in the rav model. to rapidly identify th1 epitopes in molecules from the schistosoma japonicum schistosomula tegument, this study analyzed s. japonicum proteomics data. preliminary experiments identified a protein similar to prosaposin (sjpsap) from the tegume ...201424363182
a 93-year-old man with a left lung mass and exudative pleural effusion. schistosoma japonicum. 201424368813
tlr2 directing pd-l2 expression inhibit t cells response in schistosoma japonicum infection.toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) was shown to be an important immune receptor involved in the recognition of schistosome antigens, especially soluble egg antigen (sea). in mice models with schistosoma japonicum acute infection, we observed enhanced t cell-mediated immune responses in tlr2 knock out (tlr2(-/-)) mice compared with b6 mice. in schistosoma japonicum chronic infection models, programmed death ligand 1 (pd-l1) and programmed death ligand 2 (pd-l2) expression as well as tlr2 expression grad ...201324376539
a potential screening factor for accumulation of cholesteyl ester transfer protein deficiency in east asia: schistosoma japonicum.cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp)-deficiency manifests a unique plasma lipoprotein profile without other apparent symptoms. it is highly common in east asia while rather rare anywhere else. a potential environmental screening factor(s) may therefore contribute to this eccentric distribution, such as its selective advantage against a regional illness, most likely an infectious disease, in relation to plasma lipoproteins. blood flukes use the host plasma lipoproteins as nutrient sources th ...201424388961
differential expression of micrornas in the non-permissive schistosome host microtus fortis under schistosome infection.the reed vole microtus fortis is the only mammal known in china in which the growth, development and maturation of schistosomes (schistosoma japonicum) is prevented. it might be that the anti-schistosomiasis mechanisms of m. fortis associate with microrna-mediated gene expression, given that the latter has been found to be involved in gene regulation in eukaryotes. in the present study, the difference between pathological changes in tissues of m. fortis and of mice (mus musculus) post-schistosom ...201324391986
construction and evaluation of replication-defective recombinant optimized triosephosphate isomerase adenoviral vaccination in schistosoma japonicum challenged mice.schistosomiasis is an endemic, zoonotic parasitic disease that remains a public health concern in china. development of transmission blocking veterinary vaccines against schistosoma japonicum infection is urgently needed. replication-defective adenoviral vector is an efficient vaccine delivery system that has been widely used. its use is associated with high levels of gene insertion and expression. it is easy to construct and prepare, and is safe. it is not known whether this delivery system can ...201424397904
characterization of a gene family encoding sea (sea-urchin sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin)-domain proteins with lectin-like and heme-binding properties from schistosoma japonicum.we previously identified a novel gene family dispersed in the genome of schistosoma japonicum by retrotransposon-mediated gene duplication mechanism. although many transcripts were identified, no homolog was readily identifiable from sequence information.201424416467
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of thioredoxin glutathione reductase from schistosoma japonicum in complex with fad.thioredoxin glutathione reductase from schistosoma japonicum (sjtgr), a multifunctional enzyme, plays a vital role in antioxidant pathways and is considered to be a potential drug target for the development of antischistosomal chemotherapy. in this study, two constructs of a truncated form of sjtgr without the last two residues (sec597-gly598) were cloned, overexpressed and purified using wild-type and codon-optimized genes. only sjtgr from the wild-type gene was found to form a complex with fla ...201424419626
cellular and chemokine-mediated regulation in schistosome-induced hepatic pathology.in hepatic schistosomiasis, pathology arises when schistosome eggs become lodged in the host liver, evoking an interleukin 4 (il-4)- and il-13-mediated dominant cd4(+) th2 immune response. this response leads to the development of granulomas and fibrosis, with eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and lymphocytes all identified as major cellular contributors to these events. this review outlines the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic schistosomiasis, with an em ...201424433721
the schistosoma japonicum self-cure phenomenon in water buffaloes: potential impact on the control and elimination of schistosomiasis in china.schistosomiasis japonica, caused by schistosoma japonicum, is an important zoonotic disease in china, the philippines and small pockets of indonesia. in addition to infecting people, s. japonicum can infect over 40 species of wild and domestic animals which have varying impacts on human infection. it is now generally accepted that bovines, particularly water buffaloes, are the major reservoir for human infection in china as they are naturally infected with schistosomes and deposit more eggs into ...201424440417
an integrated immunoproteomics and bioinformatics approach for the analysis of schistosoma japonicum tegument proteins.schistosomiasis remains one of the major neglected tropical diseases (ntds) causing morbidity of humans residing in the tropical countries. much effort has been devoted to the development of vaccines, since it is recognized that vaccines can be served as an important supplementary component alongside chemotherapy for the future control and elimination of schistosomiasis. to accelerate digging new potential target antigens, it is essential to extensively and intensively search immunogenic protein ...201424448400
comparative evaluation of schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma intercalatum, and schistosoma haematobium alkaline phosphatase antigenicity by the alkaline phosphatase immunoassay (apia).to know if alkaline phosphatase (ap) from schistosomes other than schistosoma mansoni can be used as diagnostic marker for schistosomiasis in alkaline phosphatase immunocapture assay (apia), we comparatively tested n-butanol extracts of adult worm membranes from a venezuelan (jl) strain of s. mansoni (ven/awbe/sm); a cameroonian (eden) strain of schistosoma intercalatum (cam/awbe/si) and a yemeni strain of schistosoma haematobium (yem/awbe/sh). apia was evaluated with sera of patients from venez ...201424452918
protective effects of membrane-anchored and secreted dna vaccines encoding fatty acid-binding protein and glutathione s-transferase against schistosoma japonicum.in order to explore the high performance bivalent dna-based vaccine against schistosomes, sjfabp and sj26gst were selected and used to construct a vaccine. two strategies were used to construct the bivalent dna vaccine. in the first strategy, a plasmid encoding antigen in the secreted form was used, while in the other, a plasmid encoding a truncated form of sjfabp and sj26gst targeted to the cell surface was used. various parameters, including antibody and cytokine response, proliferation, histo ...201424466157
pseudotyped murine leukemia virus for schistosome transgenesis: approaches, methods and perspectives.draft genome sequences for the human schistosomes, schistosoma japonicum, s. mansoni and s. haematobium are now available. the schistosome genome contains ~11,000 protein encoding genes for which the functions of few are well understood. nonetheless, the newly described gene products and novel non-coding rnas represent potential intervention targets, and molecular tools are being developed to determine their importance. over the past decade, noteworthy advances has been reported towards developm ...201424474164
exploring the impact of infection-induced immunity on the transmission of schistosoma japonicum in hilly and mountainous environments in china.schistosomiasis has long been a threat to villagers in hilly and mountainous areas of southwestern china where the intermediate snail host is abundant. in recent years our group has focused on the development and parameterization of a community-level mathematical model of s. japonicum transmission that accounts for the role of environmental determinants of transmission intensity in sichuan province. to date the model has not incorporated acquired immunity. a review of previous epidemiologic data ...201424480265
schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells: a possible molecular mechanism.hepatic stellate cells play a key role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. activated hepatic stellate cells can be reversed to a quiescent-like state or apoptosis can be induced to reverse fibrosis. some studies have recently shown that schistosoma mansoni eggs could suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells and that soluble egg antigens from schistosome eggs could promote immunocyte apoptosis. hence, in this study, we attempt to assess the direct effects of schistosoma japonicum sol ...201424487000
[effects of soluble egg antigen and adult worm antigen of schistosoma japonicum on differentiation of effector b cells of mice].to observe the differentiation ability of effector b cells induced by soluble egg antigen (sea) and soluble adult worm antigen (swap) of schistosoma japonicum.201324490359
[effect of comprehensive measures on schistosomiasis control in an aquaculture zone].to evaluate the effect of comprehensive measures on the control of schistosomiasis in an aquaculture zone, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis control strategy in special environments.201324490360
[endemic status of schistosomiasis in people's republic of china in 2012].this report showed the endemic status of schistosomiasis in p. r. china at national level in 2012. by the end of 2012, the total number of schistosomiasis japonica cases were estimated to be 240597, with a decrease of 16.12% compared with that in 2011. meanwhile, thirteen acute cases were reported. compared with 2011, 10.34% more advanced schistosomiasis patients were treated (22988) in 2012. nationally, around 368741.67 hm2 were found to be infested with oncomelania hupensis snails by the end o ...201324490385
[construction of platform of schistosoma japonicum infection real-time monitoring and early warning along yangtze river].to construct a platform for schistosoma japonicum infection real-time monitoring and early warning in marshlands along the yangtze river.201324490389
[development and assessment of schistosoma japonicum antibody test kit (iha)].to develop a schistosoma japonicum antibody test kit (iha).201324490392
[effect of pulsatilla chinensis (bunge) regel saponins against juvenile and adult schistosoma japonicum in vitro].to explore the effect of pulsatilla chinensis (bunge) regel saponins (prs) against juvenile and adult schistosoma japonicum and to compare its efficacy with praziquantel (pzq) in vitro.201324490394
[killing effect of exogenous no on cercariae of schistosoma japonicum in vitro].to explore the killing effects of exogenous no on the cercariae of schistosoma japonicum in vitro and the blocking effects of no inhibitors.201324490395
[optimization of time of artificial population schistosome infected oncomelania hupensis snails].to explore the optimizational time of artificial population schistosome infected oncomelania hupensis snails.201324490404
[progress in researches of molecular mechanism of schistosome cercariae infection].schistosome cercariae must penetrate skin as an initial step to successfully infect the final host. proteolytic enzymes secreted from the acetabular glands of cercariae contribute significantly to the invasion process. nowadays, the researches of molecular mechanism of schistosome infection mainly focus on the cercarial secretions including serine protease and cysteine protease. previous researches already showed that schistosoma mansoni penetrates the skin mainly depend on cercarial elastease s ...201324490413
a new surveillance and response tool: risk map of infected oncomelania hupensis detected by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) from pooled samples.although schistosomiasis remains a serious health problem worldwide, significant achievements in schistosomiasis control has been made in the people's republic of china. the disease has been eliminated in five out of 12 endemic provinces, and the prevalence in remaining endemic areas is very low and is heading toward elimination. a rapid and sensitive method for monitoring the distribution of infected oncomelania hupensis is urgently required. we applied a loop-mediated isothermal amplification ...201524495631
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