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ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize indeterminate1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating ehd1.recent research into the flowering of rice (oryza sativa) has revealed both unique and conserved genetic pathways in the photoperiodic control of flowering compared with those in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). we discovered an early heading date2 (ehd2) mutant that shows extremely late flowering under both short- and long-day conditions in line with a background deficient in heading date1 (hd1), a rice constans ortholog that belongs to the conserved pathway. this phenotype in the ehd2 mutan ...200818790997
using glimmerm to find genes in eukaryotic genomes.glimmerm is a eukaryotic gene finder that has been used in the annotation of the genomes of plasmodium falciparum (the malaria parasite), the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa (rice), the parasite theileria parva, and the fungus aspergillus fumigatus. a unique feature of the system compared to other eukaryotic gene finders is a module that allows users to provide their own data and train glimmerm for any organism.200218792941
endophytic colonization of rice (oryza sativa l.) by the diazotrophic bacterium burkholderia kururiensis and its ability to enhance plant growth.burkholderia kururiensis is a diazotrophic bacterium originally isolated from a polluted aquifer environment and presents a high level of similarity with the rice endophyte "b. brasilensis" species. this work assessed the ability of b. kururiensis to endophytically colonize rice plantlets by monitoring different tissues of root-inoculated plants for the presence of bacterial growth in different media, electron microscopy and by 16s rdna analysis. observations of roots, stems and leaves of inocul ...200818797800
calcineurin b-like interacting protein kinase oscipk23 functions in pollination and drought stress responses in rice (oryza sativa l.).drought is very harmful to grain yield due to its adverse effect on reproduction, especially on pollination process in rice. however, the molecular basis of such an effect still remains largely unknown. here, we report the role of a member of cbl (calcineurin b-like) interacting protein kinase (cipk) family, oscipk23, in pollination and stress responses in rice. molecular analyses revealed that it is mainly expressed in pistil and anther but up-regulated by pollination, as well as by treatments ...200818804072
identification of quantitative trait loci for four morphologic traits under water stress in rice (oryza sativa l.).late season drought coinciding with the rice booting to heading stage affects the development of plant height, panicle exsertion, and flag leaf size, and causes significant yield loss. in this study, a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between paddy and upland cultivars was used for data collection of the morphologic traits under well water and drought stress conditions. drought stress was applied at the stage of panicle initiation in the field in 2002 and at the booting st ...200818804076
molecular mapping of two reverse photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility genes (rpms1 and rpms2) in rice (oryza sativa l.).the reverse photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (pgms) and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (tgms) lines have an opposite phenotype compared with normal pgms and tgms lines widely used by the two-line system in current hybrid rice seed production. thus, the application of reverse pgms and tgms lines can compensate pgms and tgms lines in hybrid rice production. yid1s is a reverse pgms line, in which pollen fertility is mainly regulated by day-length, but also influenced by temperature ...200818810384
kt/hak/kup potassium transporters gene family and their whole-life cycle expression profile in rice (oryza sativa).kt/hak/kup potassium transporter protein-encoding genes constitute a large family in the plant kingdom. the kt/hak/kup family is important for various physiological processes of plant life. in this study, we identified 27 potential kt/hak/kup family genes in rice (oryza sativa) by database searching. analysis of these kt/hak/kup family members identified three conserved motifs with unknown functions, and 11-15 trans-membrane segments, most of which are conserved. a total of 144 putative cis-elem ...200818810495
loss of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase limits photosynthetic sucrose synthesis and causes severe growth retardations in rice (oryza sativa).during photosynthesis, triose-phosphates (triosep) exported from the chloroplast to the cytosol are converted to sucrose via cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cfbpase). expression analysis in rice suggests that oscfbp1 plays a major role in the cytosolic conversion of triosep to sucrose in leaves during the day. the isolated oscfbp1 mutants exhibited markedly decreased photosynthetic rates and severe growth retardation with reduced chlorophyll content, which results in plant death. analysis ...200818811733
systematic analysis of npk1-like genes in rice reveals a stress-inducible gene cluster co-localized with a quantitative trait locus of drought resistance.phosphorylation by protein kinase is a ubiquitous key mechanism in translating external stimuli such as drought stress. npk1 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase identified in nicotiana tabacum and plays important roles in cytokinesis and auxin signaling transduction and responses to multiple stresses. here we report the evolution, structure, and comprehensive expression profile of 21 npk1-like genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). phylogenetic analysis of npk1-like sequences in rice ( ...200818813955
effects of the activities of key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis on the fine structure of amylopectin in developing rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperms.the dynamic changes of the activities of enzymes involving in starch biosynthesis, including adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), soluble starch synthases (sss), starch branching enzyme (sbe) and starch debranching enzymes (dbe) were studied, and changes of fine structure of amylopectin were characterized by isoamylase treatment during rice grain development, using trans anti-waxy gene rice plants. the relationships between the activities of those key enzymes were also analyzed. the amylose s ...200818815749
callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) under various conditions.the objective of the present study was to develop an effective protocol for optimum callus induction and complete plant regeneration for four varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.) i.e., super basmati, basmati-370, basmati-371 and fakhre malakand. calli were induced from mature seed scutelum. the murashige and skoog (ms) and chu's n6 media containing hormone 2, 4-d (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) in different concentrations were used for callus induction. fakhre malakand produced maximum calli o ...200818817199
study of water stress effects in different growth stages on yield and yield components of different rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars.a field experiment was conducted during 2001-2003 to evaluate the effect of water stress on the yield and yield components of four rice cultivars commonly grown in mazandaran province, iran. in northern iran irrigated lowland rice usually experiences water deficit during the growing season include of land preparation time, planting, tillering stage, flowering and grain filing period. recently drought affected 20 of 28 provinces in iran; with the southeastern, central and eastern parts of the cou ...200818817260
rice xb15, a protein phosphatase 2c, negatively regulates cell death and xa21-mediated innate immunity.perception of extracellular signals by cell surface receptors is of central importance to eukaryotic development and immunity. kinases that are associated with the receptors or are part of the receptors themselves modulate signaling through phosphorylation events. the rice (oryza sativa l.) xa21 receptor kinase is a key recognition and signaling determinant in the innate immune response. a yeast two-hybrid screen using the intracellular portion of xa21, including the juxtamembrane (jm) and kinas ...200818817453
enhanced heat and drought tolerance in transgenic rice seedlings overexpressing oswrky11 under the control of hsp101 promoter.an oswrky11 gene, which encodes a transcription factor with the wrky domain, was identified as one of the genes that was induced by both heat shock and drought stresses in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l.). to determine if overexpression of oswrky11 confers heat and drought tolerance, oswrky11 cdna was fused to the promoter of hsp101 of rice and introduced into a rice cultivar sasanishiki. overexpression of oswrky11 was induced by heat treatment. after heat pretreatment, the transgenic lines s ...200918818929
estimation of combining ability for yield and yield components in rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars using diallel cross.in order to estimate combining ability and gene action of a number of rice cultivars, a 5 x 5 half a diallel cross genetic design has been used. parents and their hybrids have been evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates for yield and 6 yield components in 2007 in rice research station of iran-amol. mean squares of genotypes for all traits were highly significant (p < 0.01). significant mean squares of combining ability for all traits showed additive and non-additive ef ...200818819539
effect of land preparation methods on growth, seed yields of jasmine 105 paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) and growth of weeds, grown in northeast thailand.this experiment was carried out on a grower's paddy field, ban som hoeng village, kantarawichai, mahasarakham province, northeast thailand with the use of roi-et soil series (oxic paleustults) in the rainy season of the 2006 (may to november) to investigate effect of land preparation methods on rice plant heights, amounts of weeds and seed yields of jasmine 105 aromatic paddy rice (oryza sativa l.). the experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with four replications. the ...200818819590
genetic control of rice plant architecture under domestication.the closely related wild rice species oryza rufipogon is considered the progenitor of cultivated rice (oryza sativa). the transition from the characteristic plant architecture of wild rice to that of cultivated rice was one of the most important events in rice domestication; however, the molecular basis of this key domestication transition has not been elucidated. here we show that the prog1 gene controls aspects of wild-rice plant architecture, including tiller angle and number of tillers. the ...200818820696
control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication.the transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (o. rufipogon griff.) to the erect growth of oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. this evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from yuanjiang county in china is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, prog1 (prostrate growth 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single cys(2)-his(2) zinc-finger protein. ...200818820699
evolutionary analysis of the sub1 gene cluster that confers submergence tolerance to domesticated rice.tolerance of complete submergence is recognized in a small number of accessions of domesticated asian rice (oryza sativa) and can be conferred by the sub1a-1 gene of the polygenic submergence-1 (sub1) locus. in all o. sativa varieties, the sub1 locus encodes the ethylene-responsive factor (erf) genes sub1b and sub1c. a third paralogous erf gene, sub1a, is limited to a subset of indica accessions. it is thought that o. sativa was domesticated from the gene pools of the wild perennial species o. r ...200918824474
isolation and characterization of conserved non-coding sequences among rice (oryza sativa l.) paralogous regions.segmental duplication is particularly frequent within plant genomes and the ability of the original single-copy gene to gain a new function for the change of regulatory elements is one of the prominent consequences of duplication. thus, it is important to study the pattern of conserved non-coding sequence (cns) between paralogous genes. we report the result of a survey of cnss among paralogous regions in rice (oryza sativa l.), as well as the comparison of cns dataset between rice and arabidopsi ...200918825415
release of the repressive activity of rice della protein slr1 by gibberellin does not require slr1 degradation in the gid2 mutant.the rice (oryza sativa) della protein slr1 acts as a repressor of gibberellin (ga) signaling. ga perception by gid1 causes slr1 protein degradation involving the f-box protein gid2; this triggers ga-associated responses such as shoot elongation and seed germination. in ga-insensitive and ga biosynthesis mutants, slender rice1 (slr1) accumulates to high levels, and the severity of dwarfism is usually correlated with the level of slr1 accumulation. an exception is the ga-insensitive f-box mutant g ...200818827181
genetic structure of oryza rufipogon griff. in china.oryza rufipogon griff. (common wild rice; cwr) is the ancestor of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). investigation of the genetic structure and diversity of cwr in china will provide information about the origin of cultivated rice and the grain quality and yield. in this study, we used 36 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers to assay 889 accessions, which were highly representative of whole germplasm in china. the analysis revealed a hierarchical genetic structure within cwr. first, cwr ha ...200818827837
solution structures and dna binding properties of the n-terminal sap domains of sumo e3 ligases from saccharomyces cerevisiae and oryza sativa.sumo e3 ligase of the siz/pias family that promotes sumoylation of target proteins contains sap motif in its n-terminal region. the sap motif with a consensus sequence of 35 residues was first proposed to be as a new dna binding motif found in diverse nuclear proteins involved in chromosomal organization. we have determined solution structures of the sap domains of sumo ligases siz1 from yeast and rice by nmr spectroscopy, showing that the structure of the sap domain (residues 2-105) of rice siz ...200918831036
regulation of the expression of ga-insensitive gene homolog by light in oryza sativa c.v. dongjin.to understand the mechanism by which light regulates a gibberellin (ga)-insensitive gene in dongjinbyeo (oryza sativa cv dongjin), both green and etiolated dongjinbyeo seedlings were submerged in water and treated with ga. total rna from the seedlings was isolated and hybridized with cdna of a ga-insensitive gene homolog. the amount of transcript for the ga-insensitive gene homolog was higher in green seedlings than in etiolated seedlings in the absence of ga. however upon the addition of ga, gr ...200818831334
pollution level in distillery effluent and its phytotoxic effect on seed germination and early growth of maize and rice.the effluent from a lucknow- based distillery (mohan meakin distillery) was analyzed for physico-chemical and biological parameters of pollution and concentration of potentially toxic heavy metals (cd, cr, ni and zn) and the effect of the distillery effluent, as such and on 50% dilution with tap water was studied on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (zea mays l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). the effluent was wine red in colour and highly acidic (ph approximately 55) and possessed deca ...200818831388
refinement of light-responsive transcript lists using rice oligonucleotide arrays: evaluation of gene-redundancy.studies of gene function are often hampered by gene-redundancy, especially in organisms with large genomes such as rice (oryza sativa). we present an approach for using transcriptomics data to focus functional studies and address redundancy. to this end, we have constructed and validated an inexpensive and publicly available rice oligonucleotide near-whole genome array, called the rice nsf45k array. we generated expression profiles for light- vs. dark-grown rice leaf tissue and validated the bio ...200818836531
[construction and analysis of root cdna library in glycyrrhiza uralensis].to screen and isolate secondary metabolite biosynthesis-related gene for establishing the foundation of functional gene research, we construct a cdna library of glycyrrhiza uralensis.200818837336
rnai-directed downregulation of osbadh2 results in aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) production in rice (oryza sativa l.).aromatic rice is popular worldwide because of its characteristic fragrance. genetic studies and physical fine mapping reveal that a candidate gene (fgr/osbadh2) homologous to betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase is responsible for aroma metabolism in fragrant rice varieties, but the direct evidence demonstrating the functions of osbadh2 is lacking. to elucidate the physiological roles of osbadh2, sequencing approach and rna interference (rnai) technique were employed to analyze allelic variation and f ...200818840300
rheinheimera tangshanensis sp. nov., a rice root-associated bacterium.a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain ja3-b52(t), was isolated from the roots of fresh rice plants (oryza sativa). the cells were motile by means of polar single or lateral flagella. the colonies were non-pigmented. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons, the strain was phylogenetically related to species of the genus rheinheimera, having the greatest level of sequence similarity with respect to rheinheimera texasensis a62-14b(t) (97.16 %). the bacterium g ...200818842867
transgenic rice expressing allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) exhibits high-level resistance against major sap-sucking pests.rice (oryza sativa) productivity is adversely impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. an approximate 52% of the global production of rice is lost annually owing to the damage caused by biotic factors, of which approximately 21% is attributed to the attack of insect pests. in this paper we report the isolation, cloning and characterization of allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) gene, and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation m ...200818854007
a conifer genomics resource of 200,000 spruce (picea spp.) ests and 6,464 high-quality, sequence-finished full-length cdnas for sitka spruce (picea sitchensis).members of the pine family (pinaceae), especially species of spruce (picea spp.) and pine (pinus spp.), dominate many of the world's temperate and boreal forests. these conifer forests are of critical importance for global ecosystem stability and biodiversity. they also provide the majority of the world's wood and fiber supply and serve as a renewable resource for other industrial biomaterials. in contrast to angiosperms, functional and comparative genomics research on conifers, or other gymnosp ...200818854048
futile na+ cycling at the root plasma membrane in rice (oryza sativa l.): kinetics, energetics, and relationship to salinity tolerance.globally, over one-third of irrigated land is affected by salinity, including much of the land under lowland rice cultivation in the tropics, seriously compromising yields of this most important of crop species. however, there remains an insufficient understanding of the cellular basis of salt tolerance in rice. here, three methods of 24na+ tracer analysis were used to investigate primary na+ transport at the root plasma membrane in a salt-tolerant rice cultivar (pokkali) and a salt-sensitive cu ...200818854575
[molecular characterization and expression profile of a novel porcine gene differentially expressed in the muscle and backfat tissues from chinese meishan and russian large white pigs].the mrna differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences of gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle and backfat tissues from chinese meishan and russian large white pigs. one novel gene that was differentially expressed was identified through semi-quantitative rt-pcr and the cdna complete sequence was then obtained using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the cdna sequence of this gene is not homologous to any of the known porcine genes. the s ...200818856055
modified benzoxazinones in the system oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli: an approach to the development of biorational herbicide models.the utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been explored. the work described focuses on obtaining derivatives that present selectivity in the system oryza sativa- echinochloa crus-galli. to achieve this goal the influence of lipophilicity in this system has been studied by preparing 14 ester derivatives at the n-4 position of d-diboa along with other compounds with different functionalization and chain len ...200818922010
identification of drought-responsive genes in roots of upland rice (oryza sativa l).rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm represents an extraordinary source of genes that control traits of agronomic importance such as drought tolerance. this diversity is the basis for the development of new cultivars better adapted to water restriction conditions, in particular for upland rice, which is grown under rainfall. the analyses of subtractive cdna libraries and differential protein expression of drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes can contribute to the understanding of the genetic c ...200818922162
osiris: an integrated promoter database for oryza sativa l.rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important model monocot and cereal crop. while the rice genome sequence has been published and annotated, relatively little is known about the transcriptional networks that regulate rice gene expression. for this reason, we have developed osiris, a database containing promoter sequences, predicted transcription factor (tf) binding sites, gene ontology annotation and microarray expression data for 24 209 genes in the rice genome. these tools are seamlessly integrated ...200818922805
[genetic analysis and gene mapping of an early flowering and multi-ovary mutant in rice (oryza sativa l.).].a rice floral mutant was obtained from a japonica variety zhonghua 11, which was characterized with the phenotype of more stamens, more pistils and early flowering. genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was designed as floral organ number 5 (fon5). to map fon5, an f2 population was derived from the cross between huajingxian 74 and fon5 mutant. gene fon5 was roughly mapped between the microsatellite markers rm400 and rm412 on chromosome ...200818930897
characterization of osbzip23 as a key player of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family for conferring abscisic acid sensitivity and salinity and drought tolerance in rice.osbzip23 is a member of the basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factor family in rice (oryza sativa). expression of osbzip23 is strongly induced by a wide spectrum of stresses, including drought, salt, abscisic acid (aba), and polyethylene glycol treatments, while other stress-responsive genes of this family are slightly induced only by one or two of the stresses. transactivation assay in yeast demonstrated that osbzip23 functions as a transcriptional activator, and the sequences at the n ...200818931143
a genome-wide view of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in rice, oryza sativa ssp. japonica.transposable elements (tes) have played important roles in the evolution of genes and genomes of higher eukaryotes. among the tes in the rice genome, miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) exist at the highest copy number. some of mites in the rice genome contain poly(a) signals and putative cis-acting regulatory domains. insertion events of such mites may have caused many structural and functional changes of genomes. the genome-wide examination of mite-derived sequences could e ...200818931457
expression profiling of rice cultivars differing in their tolerance to long-term drought stress.understanding the molecular basis of plant performance under water-limiting conditions will help to breed crop plants with a lower water demand. we investigated the physiological and gene expression response of drought-tolerant (ir57311 and lc-93-4) and drought-sensitive (nipponbare and taipei 309) rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars to 18 days of drought stress in climate chamber experiments. drought stressed plants grew significantly slower than the controls. gene expression profiles were measure ...200818931976
cell differentiation in the longitudinal veins and formation of commissural veins in rice (oryza sativa) and maize (zea mays).vascular development is a central theme in plant science. however, little is known about the mechanism of vascular development in monocotyledons (compared with dicotyledons). therefore, we investigated sequential processes of differentiation into various different vascular cells by carrying out detailed observations using serial sections of the bases of developing leaves of rice and maize. the developmental process of the longitudinal vascular bundles was divided into six stages in rice and five ...200818932023
analysis of the pumpkin phloem proteome provides insights into angiosperm sieve tube function.increasing evidence suggests that proteins present in the angiosperm sieve tube system play an important role in the long distance signaling system of plants. to identify the nature of these putatively non-cell-autonomous proteins, we adopted a large scale proteomics approach to analyze pumpkin phloem exudates. phloem proteins were fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography using both anion and cation exchange columns and then either in-solution or in-gel digested following further separ ...200918936055
bc10, a duf266-containing and golgi-located type ii membrane protein, is required for cell-wall biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.).glycosyltransferases (gts) are one of the largest enzyme groups required for the synthesis of complex wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins in plants. however, due to the limited number of related mutants that have observable phenotypes, the biological function(s) of most gts in cell-wall biosynthesis and assembly have remained elusive. we report here the isolation and in-depth characterization of a brittle rice mutant, brittle culm 10 (bc10). bc10 plants show pleiotropic phenotypes, including ...200918939965
did rna editing in plant organellar genomes originate under natural selection or through genetic drift?the c<-->u substitution types of rna editing have been observed frequently in organellar genomes of land plants. although various attempts have been made to explain why such a seemingly inefficient genetic mechanism would have evolved, no satisfactory explanation exists in our view. in this study, we examined editing patterns in chloroplast genomes of the hornwort anthoceros formosae and the fern adiantum capillus-veneris and in mitochondrial genomes of the angiosperms arabidopsis thaliana, beta ...200818939975
contrasting physiological responses by cultivars of oryza sativa and o. glaberrima to prolonged submergence.oryza glaberrima is widely grown in flood-prone areas of african river basins and is subject to prolonged periods of annual submergence. the effects of submergence on shoot elongation, shoot biomass, leaf area and co(2) uptake were studied and compared with those of o. sativa.200918940851
morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings to complete submergence (flash flooding).reducing damage to rice seedlings caused by flash flooding will improve the productivity of rainfed lowland rice in west africa. accordingly, the morphological and physiological responses of different forms of rice to complete submergence were examined in field and pot experiments to identify primary causes of damage.200918940854
inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice.abstract genetic analysis for resistance to bacterial blight (xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) of 21 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars was carried out. these cultivars were divided into two groups based on their reactions to philippine races of bacterial blight. cultivars of group 1 were resistant to race 1 and those of group 2 were susceptible to race 1 but resistant to race 2. all the cultivars were crossed with tn1, which is susceptible to all the philippine races of x. oryzae pv. oryzae. f(1) a ...200318943128
identification of specific fragments of hpag xooc, a harpin from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, that induce disease resistance and enhance growth in plants.harpin proteins from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria can stimulate hypersensitive cell death (hcd) and pathogen defense as well as enhance growth in plants. two of these diverse activities clearly are beneficial and may depend on particular functional regions of the proteins. identification of beneficial and deleterious regions might facilitate the beneficial use of harpin-related proteins on crops without causing negative effects like cell death. here, we report the identification and t ...200818943254
genetic and physical mapping of the partial resistance gene, pi34, to blast in rice.abstract partial resistance to rice blast in the oryza sativa japonica group cv. chubu 32 is controlled by pi34, a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) on chromosome 11, and several uncharacterized qtls. the objectives of the study were (i) high-resolution genetic and physical mapping of pi34 and (ii) identification of new qtl imparting resistance to rice blast. chubu 32 was crossed with a susceptible chromosomal segment substitution line (cssl) of cv. koshihikari. from 4,012 of segregating indi ...200718943579
mapping and comparative analysis of qtl for crown rust resistance in an italian x perennial ryegrass population.abstract crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. lolli) is a serious fungal foliar disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and italian ryegrass (l. multiflorum lam.), which are important forage and turf species. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for crown rust resistance previously were identified in perennial ryegrass under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions. in this study, we conducted a qtl mapping for crown rust resistance in a three-generation italian x perennial ryegras ...200718943608
characterization, genetic structure, and pathogenicity of rhizoctonia spp. associated with rice sheath diseases in india.abstract isolates of rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in india during 2000-2003. characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were r. solani and 11 were r. oryzae-sativae. of 99 isolates identified as r. solani, 96 were ag1-ia, 1 was ag1-ib, and 2 were ag1-ic. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analyzes were used to determine genetic relationships in rhizoctonia pathogen populations collected from different geograp ...200718943659
sensitivity to a phytotoxin from rhizoctonia solani correlates with sheath blight susceptibility in rice.abstract sheath blight is one of the most important and intractable diseases of rice (oryza sativa) where limited control has been achieved using traditional approaches. quantitative inheritance, extraneous traits, and environmental factors confound genetic analysis of host resistance. a method was developed to isolate and utilize a phytotoxin from rhizoctonia solani to investigate the genetics of sheath blight susceptibility. infiltration of the toxin preparation into plant leaves induced necro ...200718943678
expression analysis of rice defense-related genes in turfgrass in response to magnaporthe grisea.abstract magnaporthe grisea (anamorph = pyricularia grisea) causes blast on rice (oryza sativa) and gray leaf spot on turfgrass. gray leaf spot is a serious disease on st. augustinegrass (stenotaphrum secundatum), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). virulence assays performed in this study revealed that m. grisea collected from rice could also cause disease on st. augustinegrass and tall fescue. one rice isolate, che86061, caused similar disease reactions ...200718944372
near immunity to rice tungro spherical virus achieved in rice by a replicase-mediated resistance strategy.abstract rice tungro disease is caused by rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv), which is responsible for the symptoms, and rice tungro spherical virus (rtsv), which assists transmission of both viruses by leafhoppers. transgenic japonica rice plants (oryza sativa) were produced containing the rtsv replicase (rep) gene in the sense or antisense orientation. over 70% of the plants contained one to five copies of the rep gene, with integration occurring at a single locus in most cases. plants produ ...199918944657
a major quantitative trait locus for rice yellow mottle virus resistance maps to a cluster of blast resistance genes on chromosome 12.abstract two doubled-haploid rice populations, ir64/azucena and irat177/ apura, were used to identify markers linked to rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) resistance using core restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) maps. resistance was measured by mechanical inoculation of 19-day-old seedlings followed by assessment of virus content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests 15 days after inoculation. ir64/azucena and irat177/apura populations, 72 and 43 lines, respectively, were evaluate ...199718945025
the effects of water regime on phosphorus responses of rainfed lowland rice cultivars.soil phosphorus (p) solubility declines sharply when a flooded soil drains, and an important component of rice (oryza sativa) adaptation to rainfed lowland environments is the ability to absorb and utilize p under such conditions. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that rice cultivars differ in their p responses between water regimes because p uptake mechanisms differ.200918945744
pseudomonas fluorescens wcs374r-induced systemic resistance in rice against magnaporthe oryzae is based on pseudobactin-mediated priming for a salicylic acid-repressible multifaceted defense response.selected strains of nonpathogenic rhizobacteria can reduce disease in foliar tissues through the induction of a defense state known as induced systemic resistance (isr). compared with the large body of information on isr in dicotyledonous plants, little is known about the mechanisms underlying rhizobacteria-induced resistance in cereal crops. here, we demonstrate the ability of pseudomonas fluorescens wcs374r to trigger isr in rice (oryza sativa) against the leaf blast pathogen magnaporthe oryza ...200818945932
enhanced thermotolerance of e. coli by expressed oshsp90 from rice (oryza sativa l.).a gene encoding the rice (oryza sativa l.) 90-kda heat shock protein (oshsp90) was introduced into escherichia coli using the pgex-6p-3 expression vector with a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) tag to analyze the possible function of this protein under heat stress for the first time. we compared the survivability of e. coli (bl21) cells transformed with a recombinant plasmid containing gst-oshsp90 fusion protein with control e. coli cells transformed with the plasmid containing gst and the wild t ...200918946700
uptake and distribution of iodine in rice plants.rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were cultivated in an experimental field and separated at harvest into different components, including polished rice, rice bran, hull, straw, and root. the contents of iodine in these components and the soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and radiochemical neutron activation analysis, respectively. iodine content varied by more than three orders of magnitude among the plant components. mean concentration of iodine in the entire plant ...201518948477
a novel class of gibberellin 2-oxidases control semidwarfism, tillering, and root development in rice.gibberellin 2-oxidases (ga2oxs) regulate plant growth by inactivating endogenous bioactive gibberellins (gas). two classes of ga2oxs inactivate gas through 2beta-hydroxylation: a larger class of c(19) ga2oxs and a smaller class of c(20) ga2oxs. in this study, we show that members of the rice (oryza sativa) ga2ox family are differentially regulated and act in concert or individually to control ga levels during flowering, tillering, and seed germination. using mutant and transgenic analysis, c(20) ...200818952778
retarded palea1 controls palea development and floral zygomorphy in rice.poaceae, one of the largest flowering plant families in angiosperms, evolved distinct inflorescence and flower morphology diverging from eudicots and other monocots. however, the mechanism underlying the specification of flower morphology in grasses remains unclear. here we show that floral zygomorphy along the lemma-palea axis in rice (oryza sativa) is partially or indirectly determined by the cycloidea (cyc)-like homolog retarded palea1 (rep1), which regulates palea identity and development. t ...200918952859
replication of nonautonomous retroelements in soybean appears to be both recent and common.retrotransposons and their remnants often constitute more than 50% of higher plant genomes. although extensively studied in monocot crops such as maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa), the impact of retrotransposons on dicot crop genomes is not well documented. here, we present an analysis of retrotransposons in soybean (glycine max). analysis of approximately 3.7 megabases (mb) of genomic sequence, including 0.87 mb of pericentromeric sequence, uncovered 45 intact long terminal repeat (ltr)- ...200818952860
inheritance and alteration of genome methylation in f1 hybrid rice.we analyzed the inheritance of dna methylation in the first filial generation(f1) hybrid of oryza sativa l. ("nipponbare"x"kasalath") by restriction landmark genome scanning (rlgs). most parental rlgs spots were found in the f1, but eight spots (4%) showed abnormal inheritance: seven of the eight spots were missing in the f1, and one was newly detected in the f1. here we show demethylation at restriction enzyme sites in the f1. we also found a candidate site of stable heterozygous methylation in ...200818958879
evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses of two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars to ambient air pollution using open top chambers at a rural site in india.air pollutant concentrations are rising in india, causing potential threats to crop production. as air pollutants are known to interfere with physiological processes, this study was conducted to assess the relative responses of physiological and biochemical characteristics of two cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. saurabh 950 and ndr 97) leading to variable yield responses. twelve hour monitoring of ambient concentrations of so2, no2 and o3 in filtered chambers (fcs), non-filtered chambers ( ...200818962826
quantitative and qualitative studies of silica in different rice samples grown in north of iran using uv-vis, xrd and ir spectroscopy techniques.silicon is an essential trace element and is found in vegetables, fruits, cereals, water, pasta and rice (oryza sativa). in this work, the silica content of different types of rice grains were measured. here, we used the heteropoly blue photometric method with a double beam uv-vis spectrophotometer to determine the amount of silicon in rice samples (n=7) that were collected in the north of iran. the samples were digested with wet-ashing method by microwave-assisted heating and then treated with ...018970836
genome-wide identification and analysis of small rnas originated from natural antisense transcripts in oryza sativa.natural antisense transcripts (nats) have been shown to play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation through the rna interference pathway. we have combined pyrophosphate-based high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis to identify and analyze, in genome scale, cis-nat and trans-nat small rnas that are derived under normal conditions and in response to drought and salt stresses in the staple plant oryza sativa. computationally, we identified 344 cis-nats and 7,142 trans-nats ...200918971307
genome-wide comparative analysis of putative bidirectional promoters from rice, arabidopsis and populus.a bidirectional promoter can regulate the expression of two flanking genes arranged in a divergent manner. although reports pertaining to bidirectional promoters on a genomic scale exist in mammals, little progress has been made in plants. in the present study, we performed a computational analysis of this unique class of promoters to identify overrepresented cis-regulatory motifs from three sequenced plant genomes: rice (oryza sativa), arabidopsis thaliana, and populus trichocarpa using the pla ...200918973799
antiquity and function of castor and pollux, the twin ion channel-encoding genes key to the evolution of root symbioses in plants.root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial bacteria share a common signaling pathway in legumes. among the common symbiosis genes are castor and pollux, the twin homologous genes in lotus japonicus that encode putative ion channel proteins. here, we show that the orthologs of castor and pollux are ubiquitously present and highly conserved in both legumes and nonlegumes. using rice (oryza sativa) as a study system, we employ reverse genetic tools (knockout mutants and rna inte ...200918978069
two rice phosphate transporters, ospht1;2 and ospht1;6, have different functions and kinetic properties in uptake and translocation.plant phosphate (pi) transporters mediate the uptake and translocation of this nutrient within plants. a total of 13 sequences in the rice (oryza sativa) genome can be identified as belonging to the pi transporter (pht1) family. here, we report on the expression patterns, biological properties and the physiological roles of two members of the family: ospht1;2 (ospt2) and ospht1;6 (ospt6). expression of both genes increased significantly under pi deprivation in roots and shoots. by using transgen ...200918980647
disruption of a novel gene for a nac-domain protein in rice confers resistance to rice dwarf virus.rice dwarf virus (rdv) is a serious viral pest that is transmitted to rice plants (oryza sativa l.) by leafhoppers and causes a dwarfism in infected plants. to identify host factors involved in the multiplication of rdv, we screened tos17 insertion mutant lines of rice for mutants with reduced susceptibility to rdv. one mutant, designated rim1-1, did not show typical disease symptoms upon infection with rdv. the accumulation of rdv capsid proteins was also drastically reduced in inoculated rim1- ...200918980655
reactome knowledgebase of human biological pathways and processes.reactome (http://www.reactome.org) is an expert-authored, peer-reviewed knowledgebase of human reactions and pathways that functions as a data mining resource and electronic textbook. its current release includes 2975 human proteins, 2907 reactions and 4455 literature citations. a new entity-level pathway viewer and improved search and data mining tools facilitate searching and visualizing pathway data and the analysis of user-supplied high-throughput data sets. reactome has increased its utilit ...200918981052
hormonal control of grass inflorescence development.grass inflorescences produce the grain that feeds the world. compared to eudicots such as arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), grasses have a complex inflorescence morphology that can be explained by differences in the activity of axillary meristems. advances in genomics, such as the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) genomes and the recent release of a draft sequence of the maize (zea mays) genome, have greatly facilitated research in grasses. here, we review rec ...200818986827
rice blast fungus (magnaporthe oryzae) infects arabidopsis via a mechanism distinct from that required for the infection of rice.magnaporthe oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen that causes rice (oryza sativa) blast. although m. oryzae as a whole infects a wide variety of monocotyledonous hosts, no dicotyledonous plant has been reported as a host. we found that two rice pathogenic strains of m. oryzae, kj201 and 70-15, interacted differentially with 16 ecotypes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). strain kj201 infected all ecotypes with varying degrees of virulence, whereas strain 70-15 caused no symptoms in certa ...200918987215
grassius: a platform for comparative regulatory genomics across the grasses.transcription factors (tfs) are major players in gene regulatory networks and interactions between tfs and their target genes furnish spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. establishing the architecture of regulatory networks requires gathering information on tfs, their targets in the genome, and the corresponding binding sites. we have developed grassius (grass regulatory information services) as a knowledge-based web resource that integrates information on tfs and gene promoters across th ...200918987217
characterization of the genome expression trends in the heading-stage panicle of six rice lineages.to study how changes in gene regulation shape phenotypic variations in rice, we performed a comparative analysis of genome expression in the heading-stage panicle from six lineages of cultivated and wild rice, including oryza sativa subsp. indica, japonica and javanica, o. nivara , o. rufipogon and o. glaberrima. while nearly three-quarters of the genes are expressed at a constant level in all six lineages, a large portion of the genome, ranging from 1767 to 4489 genes, exhibited differential ex ...200918996467
comparative transcriptome analysis of arsenate and arsenite stresses in rice seedlings.the effect of arsenic (as) exposure on genome-wide expression was examined in rice (oryza sativa l., ssp. indica). a group of defense and stress-responsive genes, transporters, heat-shock proteins, metallothioneins, sulfate-metabolizing proteins, and regulatory genes showed differential expression in rice seedlings challenged with arsenate (asv) and arsenite (asiii). asv stress led to upregulation or downregulation of an additional set of genes in comparison to asiii. differential expression of ...200918996570
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of xoo2316, a predicted 6-phosphogluconolactonase, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, which is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (oryza sativa l.) in many rice-growing countries. the coding sequence of xoo2316 (a predicted 6-phosphogluconolactonase; 6pgl) from xoo was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. 6pgl is an enzyme that is involved in the second step of the pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and nadph, the main source of reducing power. the protein ...200818997330
biochemical and crystallographic characterization of the starch branching enzyme i (bei) from oryza sativa l.starch branching enzyme (sbe) catalyzes the cleavage of alpha-1.4-linkages and the subsequent transfer of alpha-1.4 glucan to form an alpha-1.6 branch point in amylopectin. we overproduced rice branching enzyme i (bei) in escherichia coli cells, and the resulting enzyme (rbei) was characterized with respect to biochemical and crystallographic properties. specific activities were calculated to be 20.8 units/mg and 2.5 units/mg respectively when amylose and amylopectin were used as substrates. sit ...200818997409
haplotype diversity at the pi-ta locus in cultivated rice and its wild relatives.the pi-ta gene in rice confers resistance to races of magnaporthe oryzae that contain avr-pita. pi-ta encodes a predicted cytoplasmic receptor protein with a nucleotide-binding site and a leucine-rich domain. a panel of 51 oryza accessions of aa genome species oryza sativa, o. glaberrima, o. rufipogon, o. nivara, and o. barthii, and cc genome species o. officinalis were sequenced to investigate the diversity present in the exon and intron regions of the pi-ta gene. two major clades were identifi ...200819000005
involvement of osspx1 in phosphate homeostasis in rice.arabidopsis thaliana spx (syg/pho81/xpr1) domain genes have recently been shown to be involved in the phosphate (pi) signaling pathway. we show here that a rice (oryza sativa) spx gene, osspx1, is specifically induced by pi starvation in roots. suppression of osspx1 by rna interference resulted in severe signs of toxicity caused by the over-accumulation of pi, similar to that found in osphr2 (phosphate starvation response transcription factor 2) overexpressors and pho2 (phosphate-responsive muta ...200919000161
transcriptomic profiling of mature embryo from an elite super-hybrid rice lyp9 and its parental lines.the mature embryo of rice (oryza sativa, l.) is a synchronized and integrated tissue mass laying the foundation at molecular level for its growth, development, and differentiation toward a developing and ultimately a mature plant. we carried out an est (expressed-sequence-tags)-based transcriptomic study, aiming at gaining molecular insights into embryonic development of a rice hybrid triad-an elite hybrid rice lyp9 and its parental lines (93-11 and pa64s)-and possible relatedness to heterosis.200819000321
interactions between selected pahs and the microbial community in rhizosphere of a paddy soil.this study investigated the interaction of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), i.e., naphthalene (nap), phenanthrene (phn), and pyrene (pyr), with the microbial community in the rhizosphere of a paddy soil and the influence of the rice (oryza sativa) rhizosphere on the microbial community structure. a range of initial nap, phn and pyr levels in soil (50-200, 18-72, and 6.6-26.6 mg kg(-1), respectively) were prepared and the soil samples were then aged for 4 months (to yield pah concen ...200919000632
mechanisms associated with tolerance to flooding during germination and early seedling growth in rice (oryza sativa).flooding slows seed germination, imposes fatalities and delays seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice. this study describes responses of contrasting rice genotypes subjected to flooding or low oxygen stress during germination and discusses the basis of tolerance shown by certain cultivars.200919001425
evolutionary fate of rhizome-specific genes in a non-rhizomatous sorghum genotype.what is the fate of organ-specific genes after the organ is lost? for sorghum propinquum and sorghum halepense genes that were previously shown to have rhizome-enriched expression, we have conducted comparative analysis of both coding regions and regulatory sequences in sorghum bicolor (non-rhizomatousness) and s. propinquum (rhizomatousness). most genes with rhizome-enriched expression appear to have similar numbers of paralogous copies in both genotypes, with only three of 24 genes studied sho ...200919002204
blufensin1 negatively impacts basal defense in response to barley powdery mildew.plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control the defense response against microbial attack. both temporal and spatial gene expression are tightly regulated in response to pathogen ingress, modulating both positive and negative control of defense. blufensin1 (bln1), a small peptide belonging to a novel family of proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare), is highly induced by attack from the obligate biotrophic fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh), casual agent of powdery mildew ...200919005086
integrating genes and phenotype: a wheat-arabidopsis-rice glycosyltransferase database for candidate gene analyses.glycosyltransferases (gts) constitute a very large multi-gene superfamily, containing several thousand members identified in sequenced organisms especially in plants. gts are key enzymes involved in various biological processes such as cell wall formation, storage polysaccharides biosynthesis, and glycosylation of various metabolites. gts have been identified in rice (oryza sativa) and arabidopsis thaliana, but their precise function has been demonstrated biochemically for only a few. in this wo ...200919005709
experimental analysis of the rice mitochondrial proteome, its biogenesis, and heterogeneity.mitochondria in rice (oryza sativa) are vital in expanding our understanding of the cellular response to reoxygenation of tissues after anaerobiosis, the crossroads of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and the role of respiratory energy generation in cytoplasmic male sterility. we have combined density gradient and surface charge purification techniques with proteomics to provide an in-depth proteome of rice shoot mitochondria covering both soluble and integral membrane proteins. quantitative comp ...200919010998
role of the rice hexokinases oshxk5 and oshxk6 as glucose sensors.the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) hexokinase 1 (athxk1) is recognized as an important glucose (glc) sensor. however, the function of hexokinases as glc sensors has not been clearly demonstrated in other plant species, including rice (oryza sativa). to investigate the functions of rice hexokinase isoforms, we characterized oshxk5 and oshxk6, which are evolutionarily related to athxk1. transient expression analyses using gfp fusion constructs revealed that oshxk5 and oshxk6 are associated wit ...200919010999
a germin-like protein gene family functions as a complex quantitative trait locus conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.plant disease resistance governed by quantitative trait loci (qtl) is predicted to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and long lasting. use of these qtl to improve crop species, however, is hindered because the genes contributing to the trait are not known. five disease resistance qtl that colocalized with defense response genes were accumulated by marker-aided selection to develop blast-resistant varieties. one advanced backcross line carrying the major-effect qtl on chromosome ...200919011003
osfrdl1 is a citrate transporter required for efficient translocation of iron in rice.multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) transporters represent a large family in plants, but their functions are poorly understood. here, we report the function of a rice (oryza sativa) mate gene (os03g0216700, osfrdl1), the closest homolog of barley (hordeum vulgare) hvaact1 (aluminum [al]-activated citrate transporter 1), in terms of metal stress (iron [fe] deficiency and al toxicity). this gene was mainly expressed in the roots and the expression level was not affected by either fe defi ...200919011004
scavenging reactive oxygen species by rice dehydroascorbate reductase alleviates oxidative stresses in escherichia coli.maintaining redox balance is one of the crucial requirements for a cell to endure stress from the outside. dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar; ec 1.8.5.1) plays an important role in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle; one of the major ros scavenging systems in most known biological systems. a cdna clone of the dhar gene from oryza sativa (osdhar) was isolated and overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) strain from the pet-28a(+) expression vector. the osdhar transformed e. coli cells showed sign ...200819011360
structure and expression analysis of the oscam1-1 calmodulin gene from oryza sativa l.calmodulin (cam) proteins, members of the ef-hand family of ca(2+)- binding proteins, represent important relays in plant calcium signals. here, oscam1-1 was isolated by pcr amplification from the rice genome. the gene contains an orf of 450 base pairs with a single intron at the same position found in other plant cam genes. a promoter region with a tata box at position-26 was predicted and fused to a gus reporter gene, and this construct was used to produce transgenic rice by agrobacterium-medi ...200819017488
novel cysteine-rich peptides from digitaria ciliaris and oryza sativa enhance tolerance to cadmium by limiting its cellular accumulation.by means of functional screening using the cadmium (cd)-sensitive ycf1 yeast mutant, we have isolated a novel cdna clone, dccdt1, from digitaria ciliaris growing in a former mining area in northern japan, and have shown that it confers cd tolerance to the yeast cells, which accumulated almost 2-fold lower cd levels than control cells. the 521 bp dccdt1 cdna contains an open reading frame of 168 bp and encodes a deduced peptide, dccdt1, that is 55 amino acid residues in length, of which 15 (27.3% ...200919017626
fine mapping of the grain chalkiness qtl qpgwc-7 in rice (oryza sativa l.).chalkiness of rice grain is an important quality component of rice, as it has a profound influence on eating and milling qualities. we has determined the inheritance of percentage of grain with chalkiness (pgwc) using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines, made from a cross between cv. pa64s and cv. 9311. two loci controlling pgwc, designated as qpgwc-6 and qpgwc-7, were located on, respectively, chromosomes 6 and 7. comparisons were made between c-51 (a cssl harbouring qpgwc-7 and havi ...200919020855
genome-wide and expression analysis of protein phosphatase 2c in rice and arabidopsis.the protein phosphatase 2cs (pp2cs) from various organisms have been implicated to act as negative modulators of protein kinase pathways involved in diverse environmental stress responses and developmental processes. a genome-wide overview of the pp2c gene family in plants is not yet available.200819021904
effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance.rice seedlings cv. khao dawk mali 105 (salt-sensitive), luang anan (moderately salt-tolerant) and pokkali (salt-tolerant) were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mm naci for 9 d. salinity stress caused reduction in leaf relative water contents in all cultivars. shoot length of cv. pokkali was least affected by salinity stress whereas increased root length in response to salinity stress was apparent in cvs. khao dawk mali 105 and luang anan. increased salinity level also caused reduction in fresh and ...200819024173
effects of ferric iron reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide and methane emissions in a rice soil.a laboratory soil slurry experiment and an outdoor pot experiment were conducted to study effects of ferric iron (fe(iii)) reduction and regeneration on nitrous oxide (n(2)o) and methane (ch(4)) emissions in a rice (oryza sativa l.) soil. the anoxic slurry experiment showed that enhancing microbial fe(iii) reduction by ferrihydrite amendment (40 mol fe g(-1)) transitionally stimulated n(2)o production and lowered ch(4) production by 16% during an initial 33-day incubation. increased regeneration ...200919027141
natural selection on gene function drives the evolution of ltr retrotransposon families in the rice genome.although the proliferation of ltr retrotransposons can cause major genomic modification and reorganization, the evolutionary dynamics that affect their frequency in host genomes are poorly understood. we analyzed patterns of genetic variation among ltr retrotransposons from oryza sativa to investigate the type of selective forces that potentially limit their amplification and subsequent population of a nuclear genome. we performed both intra- and interfamily analyses of patterns of molecular seq ...200919029538
arsenic in rice (oryza sativa l.) related to dynamics of arsenic and silicic acid in paddy soils.paddy rice is a global staple food which in some circumstances can contain high levels of the toxic element arsenic (as). in order to elucidate factors influencing as dissolution in the soil solution during paddy rice cultivation, rice (oryza sativa l. "selenio") was cultivated to maturity in six paddy soils in the greenhouse in 2005 and 2006. concentrations of mn, fe, as, p, and silicic acid in soil solution and as concentrations in rice straw and polished rice grain were determined. there was ...200819031876
hybrid male sterility in rice controlled by interaction between divergent alleles of two adjacent genes.sterility is common in hybrids between divergent populations, such as the indica and japonica subspecies of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa). although multiple loci for plant hybrid sterility have been identified, it remains unknown how alleles of the loci interact at the molecular level. here we show that a locus for indica-japonica hybrid male sterility, sa, comprises two adjacent genes, sam and saf, encoding a small ubiquitin-like modifier e3 ligase-like protein and an f-box protein, resp ...200819033192
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