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early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies.to compare early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies (iofbs).199910380023
evaluation of a modified enzymatic test for the detection of tetracyclines in milk.the tetracycline galactosidase (tg) test, a new method for the detection of tetracycline residues in raw milk based on the inhibition of beta-galactosidase biosynthesis in escherichia coli, was previously validated with spiked milk samples. it has now been applied to milk from cows treated with oxytetracycline. in view of the occurrence of false positives, related to highly elevated somatic cell counts (>10(6)/ml), the improved tg test was developed, in which a heating step (80 degrees c, 15 min ...199910382652
bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods and fresh products in retail shops and food factories.raw vegetables cut for salad, cooked salad, cooked rice, boiled noodles, bean curd, and cooked japanese foods were purchased in 27 retail shops in tokyo. intact vegetables before being processed and ready-to-eat fresh salad products were obtained from two food factories located in the suburbs of tokyo. two hundred thirty-eight retail samples, 137 samples of intact vegetables, and 159 samples of fresh products were examined for aerobic plate count (apc), coliforms, escherichia coli, listeria spp. ...199910382654
characterization, production, and purification of leucocin h, a two-peptide bacteriocin from leuconostoc mf215b.leuconostoc mf215b was found to produce a two-peptide bacteriocin referred to as leucocin h. the two peptides were termed leucocin halpha and leucocin hbeta. when acting together, they inhibit, among others, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, and clostridium perfringens. production of leucocin h in growth medium takes place at temperatures down to 6 degrees c and at ph below 7. the highest activity of leucocin h in growth medium was demonstrated in the late exponential growth phase. the ba ...199910387116
specific detection of the gene for the extracellular neutral protease of bacillus cereus by pcr and blot hybridization.a pair of primers and a gene probe for the amplification and detection of the bacillus cereus neutral protease gene (nprc) were developed. specificity for the npr genes of the b. cereus group members b. cereus, b. mycoides, and b. thuringiensis was shown. restriction polymorphism patterns of the pcr products confirmed the presence of the nprc gene in all three species.199910388725
cloning and characterization of blavim, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate.production of a metallo-beta-lactamase activity was detected in a carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (isolate vr-143/97) from an italian inpatient at the verona university hospital (northern italy). the metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was isolated from a genomic library of vr-143/97, constructed in an escherichia coli plasmid vector, by screening for clones with reduced susceptibility to imipenem. sequencing of the cloned gene revealed that it encoded a new class b b ...199910390207
roles of asp126 and asp156 in the enzyme function of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus.to elucidate the roles of conserved asp residues of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (smase) in the kinetic and binding properties of the enzyme toward various substrates and mg2+, the kinetic data on mutant smases (d126g and d156g) were compared with those of wild type (wt) enzyme. the stereoselectivity of the enzyme in the hydrolysis of monodispersed short-chain sphingomyelin (sm) analogs and the binding of mg2+ to the enzyme were not affected by the replacement of asp126 or asp156. the ph-dep ...199910393325
role of diacylglycerol (dag) in hormonal induction of s phase in hepatocytes: the dag-dependent protein kinase c pathway is not activated by epidermal growth factor (egf), but is involved in mediating the enhancement of responsiveness to egf by vasopressin, angiotensin ii, and norepinephrine.the role of diacylglycerol (dag) in hormonal induction of s phase was investigated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. in this model, several agonists that bind to g protein-coupled receptors act as comitogens when added to the cells soon after plating (i.e., in go/early gl phase), while the cells are most responsive to the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor (egf) at 24-48 h of culturing (i.e., mid/late gl). it was found that the cellular concentration of dag rose markedly and progr ...199910395290
structure analysis of a class ii transposon encoding the mercury resistance of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus megaterium mb1, a strain isolated from minamata bay, japan.a unique transposon was found in the chromosome of bacillus megaterium mb1, a gram-positive bacterium isolated from mercury-polluted sediments of minamata bay, japan. the transposon region of a 14.5kb dna fragment was amplified by pcr using a single pcr primer designed from the nucleotide sequence of an inverted repeat of class ii transposons. the molecular analysis revealed that the pcr-amplified dna fragment encodes a transposition module similar to that of tn21. the transposon also encodes a ...199910395910
antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi.the chemical composition of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, salmonella veneziana, s. paratyphi b. s. typhimurium, fusarium moniliforme, botrytis cinerea, aspergillus niger and pyricularia oryzae have been studied. moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against a ...199910404547
the smcl gene of listeria ivanovii encodes a sphingomyelinase c that mediates bacterial escape from the phagocytic vacuole.the ruminant pathogen listeria ivanovii differs from listeria monocytogenes in that it causes strong, bizonal haemolysis and a characteristic shovel-shaped co-operative haemolytic ('camp-like') reaction with rhodococcus equi. we cloned the gene responsible for the differential haemolytic properties of l. ivanovii, smcl. it encodes a sphingomyelinase c (smase) highly similar (> 50% identity) to the smases from staphylococcus aureus (beta-toxin), bacillus cereus and leptospira interrogans. smcl wa ...199910417642
antimicrobial activity and stability of tingenone derivatives.quinone-methide triterpenes of the tingenone series were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. these compounds were effective against bacillus cereus, b. subtilis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus, microsporum gypseum and a gram-negative bacterium, klebsiella pneumoniae. under acidic conditions, the quinone-methide part of these compounds rearranged into the divinyl-phenolic system, and the antimicrobial activity was thus lost.199910418334
heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores: effects of milk constituents and stabilizing additives.heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores (atcc 7004, 4342, and 9818) heated in different types of milk (skim, whole, and concentrated skim milk), skim milk containing stabilizing additives (sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, or disodium phosphate, 0.1%), and cream was investigated. thermal resistance experiments were performed at temperatures within the range of 92 to 115 degrees c under continuous monitoring of ph. for strain 4342 no significant differences (p < 0.05) in d values were de ...199910419217
bacterial contamination in the environment of food factories processing ready-to-eat fresh vegetables.a total of 196 samples were collected from equipment for trimming, washing, slicing, soaking, dehydrating, blending, and packaging and from the floor and air of operation rooms before and after operation in two food factories processing ready-to-eat fresh vegetables located in the suburbs of tokyo. heavy contamination determined by an aerobic plate count of >5.0 log cfu/cm2 or ml was observed after operation in most of the samples examined, as were samples taken before operation on the interior ...199910419276
comparative phylogeny of rrs and nifh genes in the bacillaceae.the rrs (16s rdna) gene sequences of nitrogen-fixing endospore-forming bacilli isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and maize were determined in order to infer their phylogenetic position in the bacillaceae. these rhizosphere strains form a monophyletic cluster with paenibacillus azotofixans, paenibacillus polymyxa and paenibacillus macerans. two of them (rsa19 and tod45) had previously been identified as bacillus circulans (group 2) by phenotypic characterization (api 50ch). evidence for nitr ...199910425751
a quantitative approach for studying the effect of heat treatment conditions on resistance and recovery of bacillus cereus spores.when a bacterial population undergoes an unfavourable transient increase in temperature, a death phase followed by a lag and growth phase are observed for the surviving and cultivable population. the lag phase is of great interest in regard to food safety, but for bacterial spores, very few studies have been carried out on the evolution of lag time versus heat treatment duration. the experiments monitored on spores of two strains of bacillus cereus showed a biphasic evolution of the lag time for ...199910426451
ionophoretic properties and mitochondrial effects of cereulide: the emetic toxin of b. cereus.the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, found to cause immobilization of spermatozoa and swelling of their mitochondria, was purified and its structure found to be identical to the earlier known toxin cereulide. it increased the conductance in black-lipid membranes in kcl solutions in an ionophore-like manner. it formed adducts with k+, na+, and nh4+ but the conductance was highly selective for k+ in relation to na+ and h+ (three orders of magnitude). the increase in the kinetics of conductance ind ...199910429194
[development from actions of bacterial phospholipases c on eucaryotic plasma membranes to molecular biology of gpi-anchored proteins].bacterial phospholipases c are known to act on biomembranes, since they can cleave the phosphodiester linkage between the polar head and the hydrophobic moiety of each phospholipid in these membranes. these enzymes have been classified into three groups; phosphatidylcholine (pc)-, sphingomyelin (sm)- and phosphatidylinositol (pi)-degrading phospholipases c. enzymatic properties and toxicities of these phospholipases c are reviewed, in relation to author's research. studies on the hemolytic phosp ...199910434800
an unusual cytochrome o'-type cytochrome c oxidase in a bacillus cereus cytochrome a3 mutant has a very high affinity for oxygen.bacillus cereus strain pym1 is a mutant unable to synthesize haem a or spectrally detectable cytochromes aa3 or caa3. the nature of the remaining oxidase(s) catalysing oxygen uptake has been studied. respiratory oxidase activities and the levels of cytochromes b and c increased 2.6- to 4.2-fold on transition from exponential growth, in either of two media, to sporulation stage iii, as previously observed for the parent wild-type strain. nadh oxidase activity at both stages of culture was several ...199910439395
the effects of electron and chemical ionization modes on the ms profiling of whole bacteria.free fatty acid profiling of whole bacteria [francisella tularensis, brucella melitensis, yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis (vegetative and sporulated), and bacillus cereus] was carried out with direct probe mass spectrometry under 70-ev electron ionization (ei) and isobutane chemical ionization in both the positive (ci+) and negative modes (ci-). electron ionization produced spectra that contained molecular ions and fragment ions from various free fatty acids. spectra acquired with isobutane ...199910439512
[infection by bacillus cereus in a girl diagnosed with ependimoma]. 199910439545
post-surgical bacillus cereus endophthalmitis outbreak. 199910440002
formation and structure of mixed bacterial communities.mixed bacterial communities are formed by unrelated bacteria on solid media. mixed bacterial communities on solid media are similar to "classical" colonies and are formed after the growth of a large number of unrelated bacteria simultaneously plated onto a limited area of agar. the morphology of the mixed bacterial communities was similar for different combinations of bacteria and did not change when the bacteria were plated on different media. different bacterial strains form zones of individua ...199910440060
a bridging study for oxytetracycline in the edible fillet of rainbow trout: analysis by a liquid chromatographic method and the official microbial inhibition assay.oxytetracycline (otc) is a drug approved by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) to control certain diseases in salmonids and catfish. otc is also a likely control agent for diseases of other fish species and for other diseases of salmonids and catfish not currently on the label. one requirement for fda to extend and expand the approval of this antibacterial agent to other fish species is residue depletion studies. the current regulatory method for otc in fish tissue, based on microbial i ...199910444825
magnetic capture-hybridization method for purification and probing of mrna for neutral protease of bacillus cereus.a magnetic capture-hybridization method was assessed for the isolation of prokaryotic mrna for the neutral protease of b. cereus from liquid culture. a biotin-labeled specific probe was hybridized to the mrna transcripts and subsequently captured by streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. mrna was detected by dot-blot hybridization with a ds dig-labeled dna-probe. the magnetic capture hybridization is a rapid and simple method and has a promising potential for gene expression studies in complex ...199910445318
the microbiological quality of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the united kingdom.the microbiological quality of 4,162 samples of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the united kingdom was examined, including ready-to-eat rice purchased at point-of-sale and rice that was stored precooked for reheating on demand. the majority of point-of-sale cooked rice samples (1,855 of 1,972; 94%) were of acceptable microbiological quality, but 15 (1%) samples were of unacceptable quality (bacillus spp. and b. cereus, > or = 10(5) cfu/g; escherichia coli, > or = 10(4) cfu ...199910456740
long-chain polyphosphate causes cell lysis and inhibits bacillus cereus septum formation, which is dependent on divalent cations.we investigated the cellular mechanisms that led to growth inhibition, morphological changes, and lysis of bacillus cereus wsbc 10030 when it was challenged with a long-chain polyphosphate (polyp). at a concentration of 0.1% or higher, polyp had a bacteriocidal effect on log-phase cells, in which it induced rapid lysis and reductions in viable cell counts of up to 3 log units. the cellular debris consisted of empty cell wall cylinders and polar caps, suggesting that polyp-induced lysis was spati ...199910473399
the sequence of the non-haemolytic enterotoxin operon from bacillus cereus.the non-haemolytic enterotoxin from bacillus cereus has been sequenced. it is composed of three components, non-haemolytic enterotoxin a, b and c of 41.0, 39.8 and 36.5 kda, respectively. transcription of the operon seems to be positively regulated by plcr, a gene that also regulates phospholipase c expression. there is substantial similarity between the three proteins of non-haemolytic enterotoxin and between the non-haemolytic enterotoxin and haemolytic enterotoxin proteins.199910474188
characterization of the exosporium of bacillus cereus.exosporium components from endospores of bacillus cereus atcc 10876 were purified and separated by gel electrophoresis. several of the proteins for which n-terminal sequences were recovered were found to have homologues in protein databases which have been demonstrated to have enzymic activity in other organisms. amongst these is a zinc metalloprotease, immune inhibitor a, already described in b. thuringiensis. this has been shown to be present in an active 73 kda form on the exosporium of b. ce ...199910475957
molecular recognition specificity of bacillus anthracis spore antibodies.the sensitivity and specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against anthrax spore preparations has been assessed by western blotting. none of the antibodies studied were completely specific in recognizing the anthrax spore surface. a polyclonal serum recognized a wide range of spore surface epitopes and demonstrated limited cross-reaction with the near-neighbour species bacillus cereus spore surface. two monoclonal antibodies studied demonstrated more extensive cross-reaction ...199910475958
modelling the overall effect of ph on the apparent heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores.a simple overall model is proposed to describe the effect of both the ph of the heating menstruum and the ph of the recovery medium on the apparent spore heat resistance of bacillus cereus. applied to foods making up both heating and recovery media, the model can be reduced to only two parameters. its goodness of fit and its robustness enable it to be applied to the optimisation of heat treatments. however. further experiments should be undertaken to validate the model for other species and to d ...199910477071
bacterial populations associated with a sorghum-based fermented weaning cereal.microbiological surveys, to determine the quality and safety, were conducted on 45 sorghum samples comprising dry powders (n = 15) and corresponding fermented (n = 15) and cooked fermented porridge (n = 15) samples collected from households in an informal settlement of the gauteng province of south africa. mean aerobic plate counts, gram-negative counts and bacterial spore counts of sorghum powder samples decreased in fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples. however, mean lactic acid bac ...199910477073
binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c to phospholipid interfaces, determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.dissociation constants for binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (bcpi-plc) and the mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c-delta(1) to lipid interfaces containing phosphoinositol, phosphocholine, and phosphomethanol head groups were determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. dansyl-labeled lipid probes were used as acceptors, with intrinsic tryptophan of the enzyme as the donor. titration of protein into lipid provided data from ...199910477830
decontamination of human sclera: an in vitro study.the human sclera is frequently used in ophthalmic surgeries and must be preserved in disinfectants that prevent its contamination. in this study the efficiency of glycerin, absolute alcohol (ethanol), and benzalkonium chloride (1:5,000) as human sclera disinfectants were compared.199910487435
alkaline phosphatase production during sporulation of bacillus cereus.cell-bound alkaline phosphatase of bacillus cereus was produced during vegetative growth and sporulation in a complex medium. addition of glucose repressed the sporulation process and the amount of enzyme synthesized increased. the time course of alkaline phosphatase production is very similar in both sporulating and non-sporulating cells. irrespective of sporulation, alkaline phosphatase level shows a peak of activity in the exponential phase, and another in the stationary phase of growth. this ...199910489697
detection and characterization of cerein 7, a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus cereus with a broad spectrum of activity.a bacteriocin-producing strain of bacillus cereus was identified and isolated from a soil sample. the bacteriocin could be purified by a two-step procedure: ammonium sulfate precipitation of culture supernatants followed by a butanol extraction step, the antibiotic was recovered from the organic phase. the peptidic nature of the bacteriocin was proven by its sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes; its molecular mass, determined by mass spectrometry, was 3940 da; and its amino-terminal sequence (gwgd ...199910499284
the 105-kda protein component of bacillus cereus non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is a metalloprotease with gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity.a sequence of 91 amino acids residues, probably starting from the n-terminal of the mature protein, was determined for the 105-kda protein of the non-haemolytic enterotoxin of bacillus cereus. the last part of this sequence was similar to parts of the n-terminal portions of two collagenases of clostridium histolyticum and clostridium perfringens. zymography, with intact collagen fibril and gelatin as substrates, showed that the 105-kda protein had collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity. the 1 ...199910499286
evolution and mechanism from structures of an adp-ribosylating toxin and nad complex.a member of the bacillus-produced vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) possesses high specificity against the major insect pest, corn rootworms, and belongs to a class of binary toxins and regulators of biological pathways distinct from classical a-b toxins. the 1.5 a resolution crystal structure of the enzymatic adp-ribosyltransferase component, vip2, from bacillus cereus reveals structurally homologous n- and c-terminal alpha/beta domains likely representing the entire class of binary toxin ...199910504727
analysis of transglutaminase-catalyzed isopeptide bonds in paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles from alzheimer's disease. 199910507024
carbapenem derivatives as potential inhibitors of various beta-lactamases, including class b metallo-beta-lactamases.a variety of 1beta-methylcarbapenem derivatives were screened to identify inhibitors of imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, a class b beta-lactamase, in an automated microassay system using nitrocefin as a substrate. the structure-inhibitory-activity relationship study revealed that three types of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having benzothienylthio, dithiocarbamate, or pyrrolidinylthio moieties at the c-2 position showed good inhibitory activity. among the compounds screened, j-110,441, having a benzothie ...199910508031
identification of bacillus spores by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry.unique patterns of biomarkers were reproducibly characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (maldi)-mass spectrometry and were used to distinguish bacillus species members from one another. discrimination at the strain level was demonstrated for bacillus cereus spores. lipophilic biomarkers were invariant in bacillus globigii spores produced in three different media and in b. globigii spores stored for more than 30 years. the sensitivity was less than 5,000 cells deposited for a ...199910508053
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the hemolysin bl enterotoxin complex produced by bacillus cereus.a total of five hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies against the components of the hemolysin bl (hbl) enterotoxin complex and sphingomyelinase produced by bacillus cereus were established and characterized. monoclonal antibody 2a3 was specific for the b component, antibodies 1a12 and 8b12 were specific for the l(2) component, and antibody 1c2 was specific for the l(1) protein of the hbl enterotoxin complex. no cross-reactivity with other proteins produced by different strains ...199910508077
mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus.carvacrol, a naturally occurring compound mainly present in the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme, was studied for its effect on bioenergetic parameters of vegetative cells of the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. incubation for 30 min in the presence of 1 to 3 mm carvacrol reduced the viable cell numbers exponentially. carvacrol (2 mm) significantly depleted the intracellular atp pool to values close to 0 within 7 min. no proportional increase of the extracellular atp pool was obse ...199910508096
toxigenic strains of bacillus licheniformis related to food poisoning.toxin-producing isolates of bacillus licheniformis were obtained from foods involved in food poisoning incidents, from raw milk, and from industrially produced baby food. the toxin detection method, based on the inhibition of boar spermatozoan motility, has been shown previously to be a sensitive assay for the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, cereulide. cell extracts of the toxigenic b. licheniformis isolates inhibited sperm motility, damaged cell membrane integrity, depleted cellular atp, and s ...199910508100
macquarimicin a inhibits membrane-bound neutral sphingomyelinase from rat brain. 199910513848
radiation sensitivity of bacillus cereus with and without a crystalline surface protein layer.the radiation sensitivity of four strains of bacillus cereus was investigated with attention to bacterial surface structure. all four strains were sensitive to radiation with gamma rays (d(10)=0.4 kgy). no crystalline surface protein layer could be detected on the cell surface. when cultured on solid media, an s-layer covered the cells of the two strains, and they were 2.6 times as resistant to radiation as the two reference strains without an s-layer. in sds-page, a major 97-kda band from the r ...199910518726
synthesis and antimicrobial activity in vitro of new amino acids and peptides containing thiazole and oxazole moieties.2-(pyrrolidinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid 5d, 2-(1-aminoalkyl)thiazole-4-carboxamides and hydrazides 8, 10 have been synthesized using alanine, valine, and proline as educts. in addition oxazole amino acids derived from leucine 20a and alanine 20b and some peptides 13, 14, 16 containing the 5-ring heterocyclic backbone modifications have been prepared. the thiazole and oxazole containing amino acids and peptides showed moderate antibacterial activity in vitro against various gram-positive (stap ...199910520298
amplification of fluorescently labelled dna within gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria.representative organisms from a variety of gram-positive genera were subjected to varying regimes in order to optimise the intracellular amplification of dna. the bacteria were subjected to treatments with paraformaldehyde, muramidases and mild acid hydrolysis to discover which regime made each organism permeable to the amplification reagents yet allowed retention of the fluorescein-labelled amplified products within the cell. scanning electron micrographs were used to corroborate the effectiven ...199910520585
zwittermicin a biosynthetic cluster.the goal of this study was to identify the biosynthetic cluster for zwittermicin a, a novel, broad spectrum, aminopolyol antibiotic produced by bacillus cereus. the nucleotide sequence of 2.7kb of dna flanking the zwittermicin a self-resistance gene, zmar, from b. cereus uw85 revealed three open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, two had sequence similarity to acyl-coa dehydrogenases and polyketide synthases, respectively. insertional inactivation demonstrated that orf2 is necessary for zwitt ...199910521664
bacillus cereus causing fulminant sepsis and hemolysis in two patients with acute leukemia.hemolysis is so rarely associated with bacillus cereus sepsis that only two very well documented cases have been reported. this article reports two unusual cases of bacillus cereus sepsis with massive intravascular hemolysis in patients who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all).199910524460
combined action of nisin and carvacrol on bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes.nisin, a small antimicrobial protein, was tested for its bactericidal action against listeria monocytogenes and bacillus cereus and a typical biphasic reduction of the viable count was observed. the reduction was most fast during the first 10 min of exposure, while the viable count remained stable in the last part of the exposure period. bacillus cereus was more sensitive towards nisin than l. monocytogenes and the inhibitory effect of nisin was stronger towards cells cultivated and exposed at 8 ...199910530038
changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria.over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. as a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. in most centers today, approximately 70% of bactere ...199910530434
bacteriological studies of blood, tissue fluid, lymph and lymph nodes in patients with acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (dla) in course of 'filarial' lymphedema.filarial lymphedema is complicated by frequent episodes of dermatolymphangioadenitis (dla). severe systemic symptoms during attacks of dla resemble those of septicemia. the question we asked was whether bacterial isolates can be found in the peripheral blood of patients during the episodes of dla. out of 100 patients referred to us with 'filarial' lymphedema 14 displayed acute and five subacute symptoms of dla. all were on admission blood microfilariae negative but had a positive test in the pas ...199910546838
complete nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus.hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus vkm-b771 has been sequenced. the deduced primary translation product consists of 412 amino acid residues which corresponds to the protein with an m(r) of 45.6 kda. the predicted mature hly-ii protein (residues 32 to 412) is of 42.3 kda, which is in close agreement with the mini-cell electrophoresis analysis. hly-ii deletion variant lacking 96 c-terminal residues still has hemolytic activity. the protein primary structure analysis revealed no homology with a ...199910547438
restriction site insertion-pcr (rsi-pcr) for rapid discrimination and typing of closely related microbial strains.taking advantage of point mutations between dna sequences of closely related microbial strains, pcr primers modified with respect to the target sequence at positions 2-5 near the 3' end were designed to obtain a fragment harbouring an artificial restriction site specific for a given strain. the modified forward primer coupled with a specific reverse primer allows for the amplification of dna fragments which can be digested with the specific endonuclease only in those strains where the restrictio ...199910547447
antimicrobial activities of several parts of pinus brutia, juniperus oxycedrus, abies cilicia, cedrus libani and pinus nigra.in this study, the antimicrobial activities of several parts of various trees grown in the kahramanmaraş region of turkey were investigated by the disc diffusion method. chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves, resins, barks, cones and fruits of pinus brutia ten., juniperus oxycedrus l., abies cilicia ant. & kotschy carr., cedrus libani a. rich. and pinus nigra arn. were prepared and tested against bacillus megaterium dsm 32, bacillus subtilis img 22, bacillus cereus fmc 19, escheric ...199910548751
preformed bacterial toxins.food poisoning syndromes caused by four different bacteria are described. for all types, food kept at a permissive temperature allows growth of the vegetative forms of the bacteria and production of a toxin or toxins. the key features of these syndromes, as well as possible new trends of concern, are summarized in table 1.199910549427
bacillus cereus dissociates hemoglobin and uses released heme as an iron source.b. cereus can use hemoglobin, heme, and heme-albumin complex as iron sources, but does not use other iron binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin. b. cereus digests heme-protein complexes and elicits heme release from the proteins, but does not digest transferrin and lactoferrin. dissociation of heme-proteins corresponded to the use of iron sources by b. cereus. this activity was completely inhibited by edta and phosphoramidon, and metalloendopeptidase inhibitors, therefore it appea ...199910549868
antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture.curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin contains approximately 40% oil. the oil was extracted from the mother liquor using hexane at 60 degrees c, and the hexane extract was separated into three fractions using silica gel column chromatography. these fractions were tested for antibacterial activity by pour plate method against bacillus cereus, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtil ...199910552805
a novel surfactant nanoemulsion with broad-spectrum sporicidal activity against bacillus species.two nontoxic, antimicrobial nanoemulsions, bctp and bctp 401, have been developed. these emulsions are composed of detergents and oils in 80% water. bctp diluted up to 1:1000 inactivated>90% of bacillus anthracis spores in 4 h and was also sporicidal against three other bacillus species. this sporicidal activity is due to disruption of the spore coat after initiation of germination without complete outgrowth. bctp 401 diluted 1:1000 had greater activity than bctp against bacillus spores and had ...199910558951
mercury resistance in bacillus cereus rc607: transcriptional organization and two new open reading frames.the chromosomal mercury resistance determinant of bacillus cereus rc607 confers resistance to inorganic mercury and to organomercurials. the order of genes in the completed mercury resistance determinant is operator-promoter 1 (o/p1) merr1 mert open reading frame 3 (orf3) orf4 mera o/p2 merr2 merb2 merb1. the previously undetermined 1-kb dna sequence between the mera and merb1 genes includes two significant orfs, whose predicted protein products are homologous with merr (the transcriptional regu ...199910559175
thermal inactivation of bacillus cereus spores formed at different temperatures.the effects of the sporulation temperature in the range 20-45 degrees c on the d and z values of three isolates of bacillus cereus (atcc 4342, 7004 and 9818) were investigated. the strains were found to differ in their response. higher d100 values (around 10-fold) were obtained with isolates 4342 and 9818 when the sporulation temperature increased from 20 to 45 degrees c. with isolate 7004 (the least heat resistant of the three strains), however, the most thermal tolerant spores were obtained at ...199910563465
properties of chitosanase from bacillus cereus s1.chitosanase from bacillus cereus s1 was purified, and the enzymatic properties were investigated. the molecular weight was estimated to 45,000 on sds-page. optimum ph was about 6, and stable ph in the incubation at 40 degrees c for 60 min was 6-11. this chitosanase was stable in alkaline side. optimum temperature was around 60 degrees c, and enzyme activity was relatively stable below 60 degrees c. the degradations of colloidal chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) were about 30 and 20% rel ...200010568796
microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat street-vended foods in johannesburg, south africa.fifty-one ready-to-eat street foods, 18 dishwater, and 18 surface swab samples were collected from six vendors in johannesburg, south africa. food temperatures were recorded at the time of sampling. standard methods were used to determine aerobic plate counts (apcs), spore counts (scs), and enterobacteriaceae counts (ecs) for food samples as well as coliform counts (ccs) for water and swab samples. in addition, petrifilm escherichia coli count (pc) plates were used for the enumeration of colifor ...199910571317
rt-pcr: characterization of long multi-gene operons and multiple transcript gene clusters in bacteria.reverse transcription (rt)-pcr is a valuable tool widely used for analysis of gene expression. in bacteria, rt-pcr is helpful beyond standard protocols of northern blot rna/dna hybridization (to identify transcripts) and primer extension (to locate their start points), as these methods have been difficult with transcripts that are low in abundance or unstable, similar to long multi-gene operons. in this report, rt-pcr is adapted to analyze transcripts that form long multi-gene operons--where the ...199910572645
distribution and subcellular localization of acylpeptide hydrolase and acylase i along the hog gastro-intestinal tract.the distribution of acylase i and acylpeptide hydrolase along the hog small intestine was investigated. no significant changes in their respective specific activity was found when the intestine was cut off and divided into eight segments (taken every 200 cm) so as to specifically study the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. upon performing subcellular fractionation of hog enterocytes, it was observed that acylpeptide hydrolase is a soluble enzyme, while acylase i is essentially a soluble protein accou ...199910575361
enterotoxigenic profiles and polymerase chain reaction detection of bacillus cereus group cells and b. cereus strains from foods and food-borne outbreaks.bacillus cereus is one of the important food pathogens. since b. cereus group cells, such as b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis and b. mycoides, share many phenotypical properties and a high level of chromosomal sequence similarity, it is interesting to investigate the virulence profiles for b. cereus group cells, including b. cereus strains isolated from foods and samples associated with food-poisoning outbreaks. for this investigation, the presence of enterotoxin genes, such as those of ...199910583675
the hemolytic enterotoxin hbl is broadly distributed among species of the bacillus cereus group.the prevalence of the hemolytic enterotoxin complex hbl was determined in all species of the bacillus cereus group with the exception of bacillus anthracis. hbla, encoding the binding subunit b, was detected by pcr and southern analysis and was confirmed by partial sequencing of 18 strains. the sequences formed two clusters, one including b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains and the other one consisting of bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, and bacillus weihenstephanensis strain ...199910584001
bacillus cereus infections among oncology patients at a children's hospital.bacillus cereus can cause severe infections in immunocompromised persons.199910586160
sequence analysis of three bacillus cereus loci carrying picr-regulated genes encoding degradative enzymes and enterotoxin.picr is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factors in the opportunistic human pathogen bacillus cereus and the entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis, and is induced in cells entering stationary phase. among the genes regulated by picr are: pica, encoding phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc); plc, encoding phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c (pc-plc); nhe, encoding the non-haemolytic enterotoxin; hbl, encoding haemolytic enterotoxin bl (hbl); and gen ...199910589720
insertional inactivation of hblc encoding the l2 component of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 haemolysin bl strongly reduces enterotoxigenic activity, but not the haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.haemolysin bl (hbl) is a bacillus cereus toxin composed of a binding component, b, and two lytic components, l1 and l2. hbl is also the enterotoxin responsible for the diarrhoeal food poisoning syndrome caused by several strains of b. cereus. the three genes encoding the hbl components constitute an operon and are transcribed from a promoter 608 bp upstream of the hblc translational start site. the first gene of the hbl operon, hblc, in the b. cereus type strain, atcc 14579, was inactivated in t ...199910589721
thermal inactivation of bacillus cereus spores affected by the solutes used to control water activity of the heating medium.the heat resistance of b. cereus spores (atcc 7004, 4342 and 9818) over a wide temperature range (92-125 degrees c) in aqueous solutions of nacl, licl, sucrose and glycerol at different water activities (1.00-0.71) was investigated. sodium chloride in the heating medium tended to protect the spores of b. cereus against heat. the z-values increased significantly (p < 0.05) at and above a concentration of 4.0 m. the effects of licl were lower than those caused by the nacl at the same a(w) values. ...199910598115
aqueous and vitreous penetration of levofloxacin after oral administration.to investigate the penetration of levofloxacin, an optical s-(-)isomer of ofloxacin, into the aqueous and vitreous humor after oral administration.199910599658
preference of cd(ii) and zn(ii) for the two metal sites in bacillus cereus beta-lactamase ii: a perturbed angular correlation of gamma-rays spectroscopic study.cd-substituted forms of the bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamases (bcii) were studied by perturbed angular correlation of gamma-rays (pac) spectroscopy. at very low [cd]:[apo-beta-lactamase] ratios, two nuclear quadrupole interactions (nqi) were detected. for [cd]:[apo-beta-lactamase] ratios between 0.8 and 3.0, two new nqis appear, and the spectra show that up to 2 cadmium ions can be bound per molecule of apoenzyme. these results show the existence of two interacting cd-binding sites in bcii ...199910600111
inactivation of blasticidin s by bacillus cereus. vi. structure and comparison of the bsr gene from a blasticidin s-resistant bacillus cereus.two types of recombinant plasmids containing 600 bp nde i fragments that coded the bsr gene in opposite directions were obtained. nucleotide sequencing shows that the bsr encodes a 140 amino acid protein with a putative molecular weight of 15560, the same as that of purified blasticidin s (bs)-deaminase (bsr), on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) (15500). upstream of the open reading frame, a shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence, frequent inverted repeats, and the sigm ...199810607416
fulminant septicaemic syndrome of bacillus cereus: three case reports.three patients with acute leukaemia, who were severely neutropenic and iatrogenically immunosuppressed post-chemotherapy, developed rapidly fatal septicaemic shock and coma caused by bacillus cereus (b. cereus). the illness was marked by two phases: a mild febrile illness lasting 6-14 h and accompanied by subtle symptoms of autonomic sympathetic nervous system overactivity, and a second short fulminant one, marked by high fever of 40-41 degrees c accompanied by major central nervous system distu ...199910609535
the in vitro antibacterial activity of turkish medicinal plants.a total of 76 extracts from 35 plants available in the turkish flora were assayed for their in vitro antibacterial activities against five pathogenic bacteria and a yeast. sixteen crude extracts from eight plant species were found to possess an activity against at least one or more test microorganisms. bioassay-guided fractionation of the most active crude extracts was also carried out with the most active extracts. activity against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, branhamella catarrhalis ...199910616963
bacillus cereus prosthetic valve endocarditis.bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous organism that often contaminates microbiological cultures but rarely causes serious infections. reports of b. cereus endocarditis are infrequent. infection in patients with valvular heart disease is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. we describe a case of b. cereus endocarditis involving a mechanical mitral prosthesis that resolved after replacement of the prosthetic valve. we also review the previous cases reported in the literature.199910617040
pulsed-electric field treatment enhances the bactericidal action of nisin against bacillus cereus.vegetative cells of bacillus cereus were subjected to low doses of nisin (0.06 microg/ml) and mild pulsed-electric field treatment (16.7 kv/cm, 50 pulses each of 2-micros duration). combining both treatments resulted in a reduction of 1.8 log units more than the sum of the reductions obtained with the single treatments, indicating synergy.200010618260
clinical manifestations of bacillus cereus meningitis in newborn infants.bacillus cereus (b. cereus) meningitis sometimes occurs in patients with risk factors, which are associated with central nervous system (cns) anomalies, surgical or anaesthetic access to cns. we observed two cases of b. cereus meningitis in neonates without such risk factors. the clinical courses of both neonates were fulminant, and routine antibiotic therapy failed. intracranial haemorrhage was evident at autopsy. according to the previous neonatal case reports and our experience, we found that ...199910620178
antibacterial activity of orobanche cernua extract.the effect of the parasitic plant orobanche cernua extract was evaluated on 5 different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. dilution experiments show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic; microgram/ml) of the extract was as follows: staphylococcus aureus-1526.5; streptococcus sp.-3125; streptococcus pyogenes-25,000 and both for bacillus cereus and escherichia coli-50,000 micrograms/ml. data indicated that the mic of 3125 micrograms/ml is equal to cefotaxime (30 micrograms) and to ...199910629975
antibacterial hydroxycinnamic esters from piper caninum from paluma, north queensland, australia. the crystal and molecular structure of (+)-bornyl coumarate.the crude chloroform bark extract of piper caninum (piperaceae) exhibits antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae. the antibacterial agents in this extract have been isolated using bioactivity-directed chromatographic techniques and identified by nmr spectroscopy as (+)-bornyl p-coumarate and bornyl caffeate. a single-crystal x-ray structure has been carried out on (+)-bornyl p-coumarate. the compound crystall ...199910630119
occurrence of nisin z production in lactococcus lactis bfe 1500 isolated from wara, a traditional nigerian cheese product.screening for bacteriocin production of 500 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) from various african fermented foods resulted in the detection of a bacteriocin producing lactococcus lactis (bfe 1500) isolated from a dairy product called wara. the bacteriocin inhibited not only the closely related lab, but also strains of listeria monocytogenes, listeria innocua, clostridium butyricum, clostridium perfringens, bacillis cereus and staphylococcus aureus. it was heat stable even at autoclaving tem ...199910634705
heterogeneity observed in the components of hemolysin bl, an enterotoxin produced by bacillus cereus.hemolysin bl (hbl), a diarrheal enterotoxin originally isolated from bacillus cereus strain f837/76, is composed of three antigenically distinct proteins designated b, l1, and l2. all three components are required for biological activity. here, we report antigenic and physical variations in hbl components produced by other b. cereus isolates. reactions of partial identity were observed in double gel immunodiffusion assays using antibodies to highly purified b, l1, and l2 components of f837/76 an ...199910634707
[the monosaccharide composition of the glycocalyx in mollicutes and phylogenetically related bacteria in the genus bacillus].a number of monosaccharides composing the glycocalix carbohydrates of some mollicutes (mycoplasma pneumoniae fh, m. hominis pg21, m. fermentans pg18, acholeplasma laidlawii pg8, a. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118) and phylogenetically related bacteria from the genus bacillus (bacillus cereus 89, b. cereus dm423, b. subtilis 1/2, b. licheniformis 31, b. licheniformis 49) were detected using plant lectins of definite carbohydrate specificity labelled by colloid gold. the structure of extracellular ...199910643272
effect of l-glucose and d-tagatose on bacterial growth in media and a cooked cured ham product.cured meats such as ham can undergo premature spoilage on account of the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria. this spoilage is generally evident from a milkiness in the purge of vacuum-packaged sliced ham. although cured, most hams are at more risk of spoilage than other types of processed meat products because they contain considerably higher concentrations of carbohydrates, approximately 2 to 7%, usually in the form of dextrose and corn syrup solids. unfortunately, the meat industry is restr ...200010643772
new phloroglucinol derivatives from hypericum papuanum.bioactivity-guided fractionation of the petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of hypericum papuanum led to the isolation of five new tricyclic phloroglucinol derivatives. on the basis of extensive 1d and 2d nmr experiments as well as ms studies, their structures were elucidated as the c-3 epimers of 8-hydroxy-4,4, 7-trimethyl-9-(2-methylpropionyl)-3-(1-methylvinyl)-5beta -h-tricyclo[ 5.3.1.0(1,5)]undec-8-ene-10,11-dione (1,2); the c-3 epimers of 8-hydroxy-4,4, 7-trimethyl-9-(2-methylbutyry ...200010650088
vectorial budding of vesicles by asymmetrical enzymatic formation of ceramide in giant liposomes.sphingomyelin is an abundant component of eukaryotic membranes. a specific enzyme, sphingomyelinase can convert this lipid to ceramide, a central second messenger in cellular signaling for apoptosis (programmed cell death), differentiation, and senescence. we used microinjection and either hoffman modulation contrast or fluorescence microscopy of giant liposomes composed of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (sopc), n-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (c16:0-sm), and bodipy-sphingomyelin as a ...200010653795
detection of the dipicolinic acid biomarker in bacillus spores using curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.thirty-six strains of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria confirmed by polyphasic taxonomic methods to belong to bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis (including bacillus niger and bacillus globigii), bacillus sphaericus, and brevi laterosporus were grown axenically on nutrient agar, and vegetative and sporulated biomasses were analyzed by curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (pyms) and diffuse reflectance-absorbance fourier ...200010655643
an acylated phloroglucinol with antimicrobial properties from helichrysum caespititium.a new acylated form of a phloroglucinol with significant antimicrobial properties was isolated by bioactivity guided fractionation from helichrysum caespititium (asteraceae). the structure elucidation, and conformation of the new phloroglucinol, 2-methyl-4-[2',4',6'-trihydroxy-3'-(2-methylpropanoyl) phenyl]but-2-enyl acetate, was established by high field nmr spectroscopic and ms data. the compound inhibited growth of bacillus cereus, b. pumilus, b. subtilis and micrococcus kristinae at the very ...200010656414
the structure of two fengycins from bacillus subtilis s499.the structures of the two fengycins, lipopeptides from bacillus subtilis, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical degradation. they show a close structural relationship to the plipastatins from bacillus cereus differing only in the stereochemistry of the tyr residues.199910660307
crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase.phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase, a c-p bond-cleaving enzyme which utilizes an unusual bicovalent catalytic strategy, has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method using peg 4000 as the precipitant. the crystals belong to the monoclinic system and belong to space group c2, with unit-cell parameters a = 210.5, b = 45.5, c = 64.7 a, beta = 105.0 degrees. the asymmetric unit contains a dimer related by a non-crystallographic dyad. in addition to a 2.7 a native data set, the follow ...200010666607
two-enzyme system for the synthesis for 1-lauroyl-rac-glycerophosphate (lysophosphatidic acid) and 1-lauroyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate.a combination of two enzymes, phospholipase d (pl d) and c (pl c), was investigated for the production of two lysophospholipids, 1-lauroyl-rac-glycerophosphate (1-lgp) and 1-lauroyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate (1-ldhap). the high transphosphatidylation ability of phospholipase d from streptomyces sp. allowed the formation of 1-lauroyl-phosphatidylglycerol (1-lpg) and 1-lauroyl-phosphatidyldihydroxyacetone (1-lpdha) from phosphatidylcholine (pc) and 1-monolauroyl-rac-glycerol (1-mlg) and 1-lauroyl- ...200010669309
validation and analysis of modeled predictions of growth of bacillus cereus spores in boiled rice.the growth of psychrotrophic bacillus cereus 404 from spores in boiled rice was examined experimentally at 15, 20, and 30 degrees c. using the gompertz function, observed growth was modeled, and these kinetic values were compared with kinetic values for the growth of mesophilic vegetative cells as predicted by the u.s. department of agriculture's pathogen modeling program, version 5.1. an analysis of variance indicated no statistically significant difference between observed and predicted values ...200010678435
fluorimetric determination of ampicillin by use of non-toxic catalysts. estimation of beta-lactamase activity and parameters.a fluorescence assay based on the use of biological reducing agents as catalysts rather than heavy metal ions has been developed for estimation of ampicillin concentrations. the assay is based on the conversion of ampicillin to its penicilloate, by treatment with sodium hydroxide, then neutralization, dilution with 0.5 m acetate buffer at ph4 and heating for 30 min at 100 degrees c in the presence of ascorbic acid (0.5 mg) and edta (50 microm). reduced glutathione, cysteine and n-acetylcysteine ...199910678504
occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis in fresh waters of japan.bacillus thuringiensis was recovered at a relatively high frequency from both running and still fresh waters in natural environments of kyushu, japan. of 107 water samples examined, 53 (49.5%) contained this organism. the frequency of b. thuringiensis colonies was 4.4% among 4414 colonies of the bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis group. the density of this bacterium in fresh waters averaged 0.45 cfu/ml. serologically, b. thuringiensis isolates were assigned to 26 h serotypes. of these, h14/36 (h s ...200010688688
a novel spore peptidoglycan hydrolase of bacillus cereus: biochemical characterization and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene, slel.the exudate of germinated spores of b. cereus ifo 13597 in 0.15 m kcl-50 mm potassium phosphate (ph 7.0) contained a spore-lytic enzyme which has substrate specificity for fragmented spore cortex from wild-type organisms (cortical-fragment-lytic enzyme [cfle]), in addition to a previously characterized germination-specific hydrolase which acts on intact spore cortex (spore cortex-lytic enzyme [scle]) (r. moriyama, s. kudoh, s. miyata, s. nonobe, a. hattori, and s. makino, j. bacteriol. 178:5330- ...200010692353
mapping the catalytic pocket of phospholipases a2 and c using a novel set of phosphatidylcholines.a set of radioiodinatable phosphatidylcholines (pcs) derivatized with the bolton-hunter reagent (bhpcs) was synthesized to probe the substrate recognition and activity of phospholipases. a common feature of this series is the presence of a bulky 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the end of the fatty acyl chain attached to position sn-2. the distance between the end group and the glycerol backbone was varied by changing the length of the intervening fatty acyl chain (3-25 atoms). except for the shortest, ...200010698694
in vitro antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of j-111,225, a novel 1beta-methylcarbapenem, against transferable imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producers.imp-1 beta-lactamase, a class b zinc metallo-enzyme encoded by the transferable bla(imp) gene, is known to confer high-level resistance to carbapenems as well as to penicillins and cephalosporins. j-111, 225 is a novel 1beta-methylcarbapenem with a structurally unique side chain comprising a trans-3,5-disubstituted pyrrolidinylthio moiety at the c2 position. it inhibited 17 serratia marcescens and two pseudomonas aeruginosa imp-1-producing clinical isolates at a concentration of 32 mg/l (range 4 ...200010702544
solution conformations of short-chain phosphatidylcholine. substrates of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring plc of bacillus cereus.the phosphatidylcholine (pc)-preferring phospholipase c (plc) from bacillus cereus (plc(bc)) hydrolyzes various 1,2-diacyl derivatives of pc at different rates. substrates with side chains having eight or more carbons are present in micellular form in aqueous media and are processed most rapidly. the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/k(m)) for the hydrolyses of short-chain pcs at concentrations below their respective critical micelle concentrations also decreases as the side chains become shorter, an ...200010704924
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