Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| dynamic patterns of circulating seasonal and pandemic a(h1n1)pdm09 influenza viruses from 2007-2010 in and around delhi, india. | influenza surveillance was carried out in a subset of patients with influenza-like illness (ili) presenting at an employee health clinic (ehs) at all india institute of medical sciences (aiims), new delhi (urban) and pediatric out patients department of civil hospital at ballabhgarh (peri-urban), under the comprehensive rural health services project (crhsp) of aiims, in delhi region from january 2007 to december 2010. of the 3264 samples tested, 541 (17%) were positive for influenza viruses, of ... | 2012 | 22235265 |
| influenza virus a infection of human monocyte and macrophage subpopulations reveals increased susceptibility associated with cell differentiation. | influenza virus infection accounts for significant morbidity and mortality world-wide. interactions of the virus with host cells, particularly those of the macrophage lineage, are thought to contribute to various pathological changes associated with poor patient outcome. development of new strategies to treat disease therefore requires a detailed understanding of the impact of virus infection upon cellular responses. here we report that human blood-derived monocytes could be readily infected wit ... | 2012 | 22238612 |
| vaxcinetm: an oil-based adjuvant for influenza vaccines. | vaccination is the method of choice for the prevention of influenza infection. however, the quantity of the antigen available, especially in the case of pandemics, often fails to meet the global demand. however, improved adjuvants can overcome this problem. preliminary results obtained in this study revealed that one year after a single subcutaneous immunisation with influenza a h3n2 virus in an oil-based carrier, vaxcinetm, outbreed mice produced a high immunoglobulin g response that lasted for ... | 2011 | 22241133 |
| effects of windowing and zero-padding on complex resonant recognition model for protein sequence analysis. | signal processing techniques such as fourier transform have widely been studied and successfully applied in many different areas. techniques such as zero-padding and windowing have been developed and found very useful to improve the outcome of the signal processing methods. resonant recognition model (rrm) and complex resonant recognition model (crrm) that are based on the discrete fourier transform and widely used for the analysis of protein sequences do not consider such methods, which can how ... | 2011 | 22255450 |
| evidence for n-glycan shielding of antigenic sites during evolution of human influenza a virus hemagglutinin. | after the emergence of influenza a viruses in the human population, the number of n-glycosylation sites (ngs) in the globular head region of hemagglutinin (ha) has increased continuously for several decades. it has been speculated that the addition of ngs to the globular head region of ha has conferred selective advantages to the virus by preventing the binding of antibodies (ab) to antigenic sites (as). here, the effect of n-glycosylation on the binding of ab to as in human influenza a virus su ... | 2012 | 22258255 |
| a novel family of peptides with potent activity against influenza a viruses. | the emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza virus has catalysed a search for new antiviral agents to supplement or replace existing drugs. following the success of the human immunodeficiency virus entry blocker enfuvirtide, there has been a resurgence of interest in peptide-based antivirals. in this paper, we report on the discovery of a novel family of peptides (flupep, fp) that function as inhibitors of influenza a virus infection. the prototype peptide (fp1, also known as tkip) inter ... | 2012 | 22258859 |
| modification of the ferret model for pneumonia from seasonal human influenza a virus infection. | the primary complication of seasonal influenza in humans is viral pneumonia. a conventional animal model--intranasal inoculation of ferrets with 10(6) median tissue culture infectious dose of virus--results in disease that is neither consistent nor comparable with severe viral pneumonia in humans. therefore, the authors modified the experimental procedures by increasing the median tissue culture infectious dose to 10(9) and by inoculating via the intratracheal route, testing these procedures wit ... | 2012 | 22262355 |
| synthesis and preliminary biologic evaluation of 5-substituted-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazoles as a novel class of influenza virus a inhibitors. | the diversity-oriented chemistry synthesis together with the random screening approach has permitted the discovery and optimization of novel antiviral lead compounds. in this paper, a series of novel 5-substituted-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-influenza a virus and anti-influenza b virus activity. the activity was monitored by the mts assay in the madin-darby canine kidney cells. compound 7h showed excellent inhibitory activity an ... | 2012 | 22284752 |
| preexisting influenza-specific cd4+ t cells correlate with disease protection against influenza challenge in humans. | protective immunity against influenza virus infection is mediated by neutralizing antibodies, but the precise role of t cells in human influenza immunity is uncertain. we conducted influenza infection studies in healthy volunteers with no detectable antibodies to the challenge viruses h3n2 or h1n1. we mapped t cell responses to influenza before and during infection. we found a large increase in influenza-specific t cell responses by day 7, when virus was completely cleared from nasal samples and ... | 2012 | 22286307 |
| one-step detection of the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus by the rt-smartamp assay and its clinical validation. | in 2009, a pandemic (pdm) influenza a(h1n1) virus infection quickly circulated globally resulting in about 18,000 deaths around the world. in japan, infected patients accounted for 16% of the total population. the possibility of human-to-human transmission of highly pathogenic novel influenza viruses is becoming a fear for human health and society. | 2012 | 22295077 |
| cross-reactive antibody to swine influenza a(h3n2) subtype virus in children and adults before and after immunisation with 2010/11 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in canada, august to november 2010. | in pre- and post-immunisation sera from children (17-120 months-old) and adults (20-59 years-old) immunised with 2010/11 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, we assessed age-related patterns of sero-susceptibility and vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibodies to a representative swine h3n2 (swh3n2) and a related ancestral human h3n2 (a/sydney/5/1997) influenza virus. few children but a greater proportion of adults showed pre-immunisation haemagglutination inhibition titres ≥40 to either viru ... | 2012 | 22297136 |
| synergistic tlr2/6 and tlr9 activation protects mice against lethal influenza pneumonia. | lower respiratory tract infections caused by influenza a continue to exact unacceptable worldwide mortality, and recent epidemics have emphasized the importance of preventative and containment strategies. we have previously reported that induction of the lungs' intrinsic defenses by aerosolized treatments can protect mice against otherwise lethal challenges with influenza a virus. more recently, we identified a combination of toll like receptor (tlr) agonists that can be aerosolized to protect m ... | 2012 | 22299046 |
| invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and respiratory virus co-infections. | to confirm whether respiratory virus infections increase susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal pneumonia, we examined data from 11 influenza seasons (1994-2005) in the united states. invasive pneumococcal pneumonia was significantly associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus activities in 5 seasons. association strength was higher when strain h3n2 was the predominant influenza a virus strain. | 2012 | 22305270 |
| reactivity of human convalescent sera with influenza virus hemagglutinin protein mutants at antigenic site a. | how the antibodies of individual convalescent human sera bind to each amino acid residue at the antigenic sites of hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza viruses, and how the antigenic drift strains of influenza viruses are selected by human sera, is not well understood. in our previous study, it was found by a binding assay with a chimeric ha between a/kamata/14/91 (ka/91) and a/aichi/2/68 that convalescent human sera, following ka/91 like (h3n2) virus infection, bind to antigenic site a of ka/91 ha. ... | 2012 | 22309642 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in influenza viruses and laboratory testing methods. | infection with influenza viruses, including seasonal, avian and pandemic viruses, remains a worldwide public health problem. although influenza virus infection is both vaccine preventable and drug treatable, high rates of mutation and reassortment of viruses can result in reduced effectiveness of vaccines or drugs. currently, two classes of drugs, adamantanes (m2 blockers) and neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais), are available for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza infections. given th ... | 2012 | 22311680 |
| safety and immunogenicity of multimeric-001--a novel universal influenza vaccine. | a new vaccine, multimeric-001, containing conserved linear epitopes from the ha, np, and m1 proteins of influenza type a and type b strains was designed to protect against seasonal and pandemic influenza virus strains, regardless of mutations. we assessed its safety and tolerability and characterized humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by its administration. | 2012 | 22318394 |
| an influenza reassortant with polymerase of ph1n1 and ns gene of h3n2 influenza a virus is attenuated in vivo. | influenza viruses readily mutate by accumulating point mutations and also by reassortment in which they acquire whole gene segments from another virus in a co-infected host. the ns1 gene is a major virulence factor of influenza a virus. the effects of changes in ns1 sequence depend on the influenza polymerase constellation. here, we investigated the consequences of a virus with the polymerase of pandemic h1n1 2009 acquiring an ns gene segment derived from a seasonal influenza a h3n2 virus, a com ... | 2012 | 22323532 |
| the community impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic in the who european region: a comparison with historical seasonal data from 28 countries. | the world has recently experienced the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century that lasted 14 months from june 2009 to august 2010. this study aimed to compare the timing, geographic spread and community impact during the winter wave of influenza pandemic a (h1n1) 2009 to historical influenza seasons in countries of the who european region. | 2012 | 22325082 |
| the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus induces anti-neuraminidase (na) antibodies that cross-react with the na of h5n1 viruses in ferrets. | a miniaturized neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assay using ha-mismatched h6 reassortant viruses was performed to examine the neuraminidase (na)-specific antibody response in ferrets immunized with live-attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) strains. the strains tested possessed different nas derived from seasonal h1n1 and h3n2, 2009 pandemic h1n1, and the highly pathogenic influenza h5n1 virus. the anti-na antibodies from the 2009 pandemic strain (a/california/7/2009) immunized ferrets cross-reacted ... | 2012 | 22330124 |
| markers for predicting death as an outcome for mice used in infectious disease research. | our goal in this study was to identify objective criteria that could be used to predict an outcome of death in mice subjected to experimental inoculation with infectious organisms. we conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from 4 independent studies that used several infectious agents (influenza virus strains a/hk/x31[h3n2] and a/puerto rico/8/34[h1n1], streptococcus pneumoniae, and candida albicans) and mouse strains (a/j, dba/2j, c57bl/6j, balb/cbyj). postinoculation periods rang ... | 2011 | 22330575 |
| design, synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of 1h-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as new anti-influenza a agents targeting virus nucleoprotein. | the influenza virus nucleoprotein (np) is an emerging target for anti-influenza drug development. nucleozin (1) and its closely related derivatives had been identified as np inhibitors displaying anti-influenza activity. utilizing 1 as a lead molecule, we successfully designed and synthesized a series of 1h-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as new anti-influenza a agents. one of the most potent compounds, 3b, inhibited the replication of various h3n2 and h1n1 influenza a virus strains wit ... | 2012 | 22332894 |
| induction of a cross-reactive antibody response to influenza virus m2 antigen in pigs by using a sendai virus vector. | protecting pigs from simultaneous infection with avian, swine, and human influenza viruses would be an effective strategy to prevent the emergence of reassortants with pandemic potential. m2 protein is a candidate antigen for so-called 'universal vaccines,' which confer cross-protection to different influenza viruses in a strain- and subtype-independent manner. we tested whether a recombinant f gene-deleted sendai virus vector that contained an m2 gene derived from an h5n1 avian influenza virus ... | 2012 | 22336036 |
| [a survey of levels of antibodies against influenza viruses in the population of wuxi city]. | to investigate levels of antibodies against type a and type c influenza viruses and those against the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus (before and after the 2009 h1n1 pandemic) among residents in wuxi. to compare levels of antibodies against the 2009 h1n1 influenza virus (one year after the pandemic) in the unvaccinated population with those in the population who received vaccine. | 2011 | 22338222 |
| antiviral activity of polyporoid mushrooms (higher basidiomycetes) from altai mountains (russia). | antiviral activity against type a influenza virus of birds a/chicken/kurgan/05/2005 (h5n1) and humans a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) was investigated for aqueous extracts from mycelium of 11 basidial fungi species collected in the altai mountains (altai republic, russia). the most perspective strains for producing antiviral medicines are studied strains daedaleopsis confragosa, datronia mollis, ischnoderma benzoinum, trametes gibbosa, t. versicolor, laricifomes officinalis, and lenzites betulina. | 2012 | 22339706 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza activity of aminoalkyl rupestonates. | a series of aminoalkyl rupestonates were designed and synthesized by reacting rupestonic acid with 1,ω-dibromoalkanes, followed by amination. all of the new compounds were bioassayed in vitro to determine their activities against influenza a (h3n2, h1n1) and b viruses. the results showed that compounds 5a-5g, which each contain a 1h-1,2,4-triazolyl moiety, were found to be the most potent set of compounds. compound 5g was demonstrated to possess the highest inhibitory activity against influenza ... | 2012 | 22341943 |
| hapivirins and diprovirins: novel θ-defensin analogs with potent activity against influenza a virus. | θ-defensins are cyclic octadecapeptides found in nonhuman primates whose broad antiviral spectrum includes hiv-1, hsv-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and influenza a virus (iav). we previously reported that synthetic θ-defensins called retrocyclins can neutralize and aggregate various strains of iav and increase iav uptake by neutrophils. this study describes two families of peptides, hapivirins and diprovirins, whose design was inspired by retrocyclins. the goal was to develop ... | 2012 | 22345650 |
| influenza vaccine match with circulating strains and indicators of influenza strain impact - canada 1980 to 1992. | to determine the similarity between influenza vaccine antigens and viruses associated with laboratory-confirmed infections by virus type/subtype, strain and influenza season; to correlate pneumonia and influenza hospitalization and mortality rates with the number of laboratory-confirmed influenza infections in an influenza season; and to develop predictive indicators of the likely incidence of current strains in the following season. | 1998 | 22346536 |
| serological response to influenza a h1n1 vaccine (pandemrix®) and seasonal influenza vaccine 2009/2010 in renal transplant recipients and in hemodialysis patients. | in the present study, antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination and to the adjuvanted one-shot influenza a h1n1 vaccine (pandemrix(®)) was investigated in 57 hemodialysis (hd) patients and 48 renal transplant (rt) recipients. specific antibodies were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test using a pandemic h1n1 strain and a seasonal h3n2 virus. hi titers of ≥1:40 were considered as protective. hemodialysis patients showed seroprotection against pandemic h1n1 in 35.1%, against ... | 2012 | 22350187 |
| infectivity phenotypes of h3n2 influenza a viruses in primary swine respiratory epithelial cells are controlled by sialic acid binding. | in the late 1990s, triple reassortant h3n2 influenza a viruses emerged and spread widely in the us swine population. we have shown previously that an isolate representative of this virus-lineage, a/swine/minnesota/593/99 (sw/mn), exhibits phenotypic differences compared to a wholly human-lineage h3n2 virus isolated during the same time period, a/swine/ontario/00130/97 (sw/ont). specifically, sw/mn was more infectious for pigs and infected a significantly higher proportion of cultured primary swi ... | 2012 | 22353399 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of swine origin a(h3n2)v influenza viruses in ferrets. | recent isolation of a novel swine-origin influenza a h3n2 variant virus [a(h3n2)v] from humans in the united states has raised concern over the pandemic potential of these viruses. here, we analyzed the virulence, transmissibility, and receptor-binding preference of four a(h3n2)v influenza viruses isolated from humans in 2009, 2010, and 2011. high titers of infectious virus were detected in nasal turbinates and nasal wash samples of a(h3n2)v-inoculated ferrets. all four a(h3n2)v viruses possesse ... | 2012 | 22355116 |
| clinical validation of a point-of-care multiplexed in vitro immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (the msd influenza test) in four hospitals in vietnam. | point-of-care (poc) diagnostic tests for influenza can considerably shorten the time to clinical decision making. an investigational poc test based on a multiplexed immunoassay was developed by meso scale diagnostics, llc (msd), with the objective to make a more sensitive rapid test that can also subtype influenza a viruses (1977 h1, h3, and h5). between february and november 2010, we conducted a prospective multicenter study at four hospitals in vietnam and compared the performance of this test ... | 2012 | 22357497 |
| virological surveillance and antiviral resistance of human influenza virus in argentina, 2005-2008. | to describe the virological characteristics of the influenza strains circulating in argentina in 2005-2008 and to assess the prevalence of antiviral resistance. | 2011 | 22358415 |
| positive selection for gains of n-linked glycosylation sites in hemagglutinin during evolution of h3n2 human influenza a virus. | the number of n-linked glycosylation sites in the globular head of hemagglutinin (ha) has increased during evolution of h3n2 human influenza a virus. here natural selection operating on the gains of n-linked glycosylation sites was examined by using the single-site analysis and the single-substitution analysis. in the single-site analysis, positive selection was not inferred at the amino acid sites where the substitutions generating n-linked glycosylation sites were observed, but was detected at ... | 2011 | 22362027 |
| multifunctional adaptive ns1 mutations are selected upon human influenza virus evolution in the mouse. | the role of the ns1 protein in modulating influenza a virulence and host range was assessed by adapting a/hong kong/1/1968 (h3n2) (hk-wt) to increased virulence in the mouse. sequencing the ns genome segment of mouse-adapted variants revealed 11 mutations in the ns1 gene and 4 in the overlapping nep gene. using the hk-wt virus and reverse genetics to incorporate mutant ns gene segments, we demonstrated that all ns1 mutations were adaptive and enhanced virus replication (up to 100 fold) in mouse ... | 2012 | 22363747 |
| in vitro neuraminidase inhibitory activities of four neuraminidase inhibitors against influenza viruses isolated in the 2010-2011 season in japan. | the half maximal inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of four neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir; was measured using influenza viruses isolated in the 2010-2011 influenza season in japan. clinical samples for viral isolation were obtained from nasal aspiration, nasopharyngeal swab, or self-blown nasal discharge and cultured with madin-darby canine kidney cells. the type and subtype of h3n2 or b were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chai ... | 2012 | 22370919 |
| age as a determinant for dissemination of seasonal and pandemic influenza: an open cohort study of influenza outbreaks in östergötland county, sweden. | an understanding of the occurrence and comparative timing of influenza infections in different age groups is important for developing community response and disease control measures. this study uses data from a scandinavian county (population 427.000) to investigate whether age was a determinant for being diagnosed with influenza 2005-2010 and to examine if age was associated with case timing during outbreaks. aggregated demographic data were collected from statistics sweden, while influenza cas ... | 2012 | 22384066 |
| generation of reassortant influenza viruses within the non-industrial poultry system. | we compared the genetic and biologic characteristics of 35 influenza viruses of different epidemiological backgrounds in korea, including h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ). phylogenetic analysis revealed that chicken adapted h9n2 viruses (a/chicken/korea/96006/96 [ck/kor/96006-like]) have acquired aquatic avian gene segments through reassortment, and these reassorted h9n2 viruses were more frequently detected from minor poultry species than from industrial poultry. conversely, gene segments from ... | 2012 | 22386854 |
| the rna polymerase pb2 subunit of influenza a/hongkong/156/1997 (h5n1) restricts the replication of reassortant ribonucleoprotein complexes [corrected]. | genetic reassortment plays a critical role in the generation of pandemic strains of influenza virus. the influenza virus rna polymerase, composed of pb1, pb2 and pa subunits, has been suggested to influence the efficiency of genetic reassortment. however, the role of the rna polymerase in the genetic reassortment is not well understood. | 2012 | 22389716 |
| innate immune response of human alveolar macrophages during influenza a infection. | alveolar macrophages (am) are one of the key cell types for initiating inflammatory and immune responses to influenza virus in the lung. however, the genome-wide changes in response to influenza infection in am have not been defined. we performed gene profiling of human am in response to h1n1 influenza a virus pr/8 using affymetrix hg-u133 plus 2.0 chips and verified the changes at both mrna and protein levels by real-time rt-pcr and elisa. we confirmed the response with a contemporary h3n2 infl ... | 2012 | 22396727 |
| critical role of constitutive type i interferon response in bronchial epithelial cell to influenza infection. | innate antiviral responses in bronchial epithelial cells (becs) provide the first line of defense against respiratory viral infection and the effectiveness of this response is critically dependent on the type i interferons (ifns). however the importance of the antiviral responses in becs during influenza infection is not well understood. we profiled the innate immune response to infection with h3n2 and h5n1 virus using calu-3 cells and primary becs to model proximal airway cells. the susceptibil ... | 2012 | 22396801 |
| genetic and pathobiologic characterization of h3n2 canine influenza viruses isolated in the jiangsu province of china in 2009-2010. | the newly emerging canine influenza virus (civ) causes considerable concerns for both veterinary and public health. during 2009-2010, six strains of h3n2 influenza virus were isolated from dogs in jiangsu province, china. sequence and phylogenetic analysis of eight gene segments revealed that the six viruses were most similar to a recent canine-derived subtype h3n2 influenza virus isolated in cats from south korea, which originated from avian strain. by comparing the deduced amino acid sequences ... | 2012 | 22397933 |
| vaccination against influenza in patients with systemic sclerosis. | to assess the efficacy and safety of the influenza virus vaccine in systemic sclerosis (ssc) patients compared to healthy controls. | 2017 | 22409886 |
| fatal cases of influenza a(h3n2) in children: insights from whole genome sequence analysis. | during the northern hemisphere winter of 2003-2004 the emergence of a novel influenza antigenic variant, a/fujian/411/2002-like(h3n2), was associated with an unusually high number of fatalities in children. seventeen fatal cases in the uk were laboratory confirmed for fujian/411-like viruses. to look for phylogenetic patterns and genetic markers that might be associated with increased virulence, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the whole genomes of 63 viruses isolated from fatal cases and ... | 2012 | 22412998 |
| suppression of the antiviral response by an influenza histone mimic. | viral infection is commonly associated with virus-driven hijacking of host proteins. here we describe a novel mechanism by which influenza virus affects host cells through the interaction of influenza non-structural protein 1 (ns1) with the infected cell epigenome. we show that the ns1 protein of influenza a h3n2 subtype possesses a histone-like sequence (histone mimic) that is used by the virus to target the human paf1 transcription elongation complex (hpaf1c). we demonstrate that binding of ns ... | 2012 | 22419161 |
| doxycycline treatment attenuates acute lung injury in mice infected with virulent influenza h3n2 virus: involvement of matrix metalloproteinases. | acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe form of acute lung injury (ali), is a major cause of death during influenza pneumonia. we have provided evidence for the involvement of recruited neutrophils, their toxic enzymes such as myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), and neutrophil extracellular traps in aggravating alveolar-capillary damage. in this study, we investigated the effects of doxycycline (dox), an inhibitor of mmps, on influenza-induced ali. balb/c mice were infect ... | 2012 | 22421441 |
| clinical predictors for diagnosing pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and seasonal influenza (h3n2) in fever clinics in beijing, china. | symptomatic predictors of influenza could assess risks and improve decisions about isolation and outpatient treatment. to develop such predictors, we undertook a prospective analysis of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and seasonal influenza (h3n2) in patients attending fever clinics. | 2012 | 22424628 |
| identification of dual receptor-binding specific strains of human h5n1 viruses in china. | both the 2, 6 linkage and its topology on target cells are critical for the recognition by human influenza virus. the binding preference of avian flu virus h5n1 ha to the 2, 3-linked sialylated glycans is considered the major factor limiting its efficient infection and transmission in humans. to monitor potential adaptation of h5n1 virus in human population, the surveillance of receptor-binding specificity was undertaken in china. | 2012 | 22424634 |
| detecting patches of protein sites of influenza a viruses under positive selection. | influenza a viruses are single-stranded rna viruses capable of evolving rapidly to adapt to environmental conditions. examples include the establishment of a virus in a novel host or an adaptation to increasing immunity within the host population due to prior infection or vaccination against a circulating strain. knowledge of the viral protein regions under positive selection is therefore crucial for surveillance. we have developed a method for detecting positively selected patches of sites on t ... | 2012 | 22427709 |
| influenza transmission in a community during a seasonal influenza a(h3n2) outbreak (2010-2011) in mongolia: a community-based prospective cohort study. | knowledge of how influenza viruses spread in a community is important for planning and implementation of effective interventions, including social distancing measures. households and schools are implicated as the major sites for influenza virus transmission. however, the overall picture of community transmission is not well defined during actual outbreaks. we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study to describe the transmission characteristics of influenza in mongolia. | 2012 | 22427943 |
| fitness of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza a viruses. | antiviral drugs are important components for the control of influenza. the key question is whether antiviral use or natural virus evolution will lead to the emergence of drug-resistant virus with comparable or superior fitness to drug-susceptible counterpart. currently, neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) are the first choice for influenza prevention and treatment. in this article we will review complex process of the risk assessment for the fitness of nais-resistant seasonal h1n1 and h3n2, pan ... | 2011 | 22440915 |
| identification of a novel compound with antiviral activity against influenza a virus depending on pa subunit of viral rna polymerase. | influenza viruses have developed resistance to current drugs, creating a need for new antiviral targets and new drugs to treat influenza virus infections. in this study, computational and experimental screening of an extensive compound library identified thc19, which was able to suppress influenza virus replication. this compound had no cytotoxic effects and did not disrupt cell cycle progression or induce apoptosis in mdck cells as confirmed by wst-1 assays, flow cytometry analysis, and caspase ... | 2012 | 22441116 |
| protective effect of ginseng polysaccharides on influenza viral infection. | ginseng polysaccharide has been known to have multiple immunomodulatory effects. in this study, we investigated whether panax ginseng polysaccharide (gp) would have a preventive effect on influenza infection. administration of mice with gp prior to infection was found to confer a survival benefit against infection with h1n1 (a/pr/8/34) and h3n2 (a/philippines/82) influenza viruses. mice infected with the 2009 h1n1 virus suspended in gp solution showed moderately enhanced survival rates and lower ... | 2012 | 22442708 |
| swine influenza virus infection dynamics in two pig farms; results of a longitudinal assessment. | in order to assess the dynamics of influenza virus infection in pigs, serological and virological follow-ups were conducted in two whole batches of pigs from two different farms (f1 and f2), from 3 weeks of age until market age. anti-swine influenza virus (siv) antibodies (measured by elisa and hemagglutination inhibition) and nasal virus shedding (measured by rrt-pcr and isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and mdck cells) were carried out periodically. siv isolates were subtyped and hemagglut ... | 2012 | 22452923 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to pandemic 1957 h2n2 and pandemic 1968 h3n2 influenza viruses. | investigation of the human antibody response to the 1957 pandemic h2n2 influenza a virus has been largely limited to serologic studies. we generated five influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha)-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by hybridoma technology from the peripheral blood of healthy donors who were born between 1950 and 1968. two mabs reacted with the pandemic h2n2 virus, two recognized the pandemic h3n2 virus, and remarkably, one reacted with both the pandemic h2n2 and h3n2 viruses. e ... | 2012 | 22457520 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of reassortant h3n2 viruses from turkeys with a unique constellation of pandemic h1n1 internal genes. | triple reassortant (tr) h3n2 influenza viruses cause varying degrees of loss in egg production in breeder turkeys. in this study we characterized tr h3n2 viruses isolated from three breeder turkey farms diagnosed with a drop in egg production. the eight gene segments of the virus isolated from the first case submission (fav-003) were all of tr h3n2 lineage. however, viruses from the two subsequent case submissions (fav-009 and fav-010) were unique reassortants with pb2, pa, nucleoprotein (np) an ... | 2012 | 22470427 |
| small molecule inhibitors of influenza a and b viruses that act by disrupting subunit interactions of the viral polymerase. | influenza viruses are the cause of yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics that represent a significant challenge to public health. current control strategies are imperfect and there is an unmet need for new antiviral therapies. here, we report the identification of small molecule compounds able to effectively and specifically inhibit growth of influenza a and b viruses in cultured cells through targeting an assembly interface of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. using an existing crysta ... | 2012 | 22474359 |
| eps® 7630 (umckaloabo®), an extract from pelargonium sidoides roots, exerts anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo. | a prodelphinidin-rich extract from pelargonium sidoides dc, eps® 7630 (umckaloabo®), which is licensed to treat respiratory tract infections such as acute bronchitis, was investigated for its antiviral effects. eps® 7630 showed dose-dependent anti-influenza activity at non-toxic concentrations against pandemic h1n1, oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant seasonal h1n1, seasonal h3n2 and the laboratory h1n1 strain a/puerto rico/8/34, while it had no antiviral activity against adenovirus or measles ... | 2012 | 22475498 |
| childhood influenza in the outpatient setting in shanghai, china. | influenza is a common cause of outpatient visits in childhood. influenza vaccine has been widely used for children ≥ 6 months of age in developed countries based on accumulating evidence on the substantial socioeconomic burden of influenza in children. however, the data of childhood influenza in china are scarce. | 2012 | 22481425 |
| early estimates of the effectiveness of the 2011/12 influenza vaccine in the population targeted for vaccination in spain, 25 december 2011 to 19 february 2012. | we present early estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) in the population targeted for vaccination, during 25 december 2011 to 19 february 2012. the adjusted ve was 55% (95% ci: 3 to 79) against any type of influenza virus and 54% (95% ci: 1 to 79) against influenza a(h3n2) virus. this suggests a moderate protective effect of the vaccine in the targeted population in a late influenza epidemic with limited match between vaccine and circulating strains. | 2012 | 22490308 |
| pathogenicity and transmission in pigs of the novel a(h3n2)v influenza virus isolated from humans and characterization of swine h3n2 viruses isolated in 2010-2011. | swine influenza virus (siv) h3n2 with triple reassorted internal genes (trig) has been enzootic in unites states since 1998. transmission of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus to pigs in the united states was followed by reassortment with endemic siv, resulting in reassorted viruses that include novel h3n2 genotypes (rh3n2p). between july and december 2011, 12 cases of human infections with swine-lineage h3n2 viruses containing the pandemic matrix (pm) gene [a(h3n2)v] were detected. whole-geno ... | 2012 | 22491461 |
| evaluation of influenza virus a/h3n2 and b vaccines on the basis of cross-reactivity of postvaccination human serum antibodies against influenza viruses a/h3n2 and b isolated in mdck cells and embryonated hen eggs. | the vaccine strains against influenza virus a/h3n2 for the 2010-2011 season and influenza virus b for the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons in japan are a high-growth reassortant a/victoria/210/2009 (x-187) strain and an egg-adapted b/brisbane/60/2008 (victoria lineage) strain, respectively. hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests with postinfection ferret antisera indicated that the antisera raised against the x-187 and egg-adapted b/brisbane/60/2008 vaccine production strains poorly inhibited rec ... | 2012 | 22492743 |
| estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2007-2008 from canada's sentinel surveillance system: cross-protection against major and minor variants. | to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) for the 2007-2008 season and assess the sentinel surveillance system in canada for monitoring virus evolution and impact on ve. | 2012 | 22492921 |
| antibodies cross-reactive to influenza a (h3n2) variant virus and impact of 2010-11 seasonal influenza vaccine on cross-reactive antibodies - united states. | since august 2011, a total of 12 human infections with influenza a (h3n2) variant viruses with genes from avian, swine, and human viruses (i.e., a [h3n2]v) that had acquired the m gene from influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 virus have been reported to cdc. eleven of the cases occurred in children aged <10 years. in six cases, no history of recent exposure to swine was noted, suggesting that human-to-human transmission had occurred. this new gene constellation for a (h3n2)v viruses and its temporal associa ... | 2012 | 22495226 |
| influenza-associated mortality in temperate and subtropical chinese cities, 2003-2008. | to estimate influenza-associated mortality in urban china. | 2012 | 22511824 |
| influenza outbreaks in nursing homes with high vaccination coverage in navarre, spain, 2011/12. | in the 2011/12 season, three influenza outbreaks were studied in nursing homes with high vaccination coverage in navarre, spain. attack rates ranged from 2.9% to 67%. influenza a/stockholm/18/2011(h3n2) virus strain was isolated from the three outbreaks. vaccination should be complemented with other hygiene measures in nursing homes. early detection of influenza outbreaks in nursing homes can aid in their control. | 2012 | 22516002 |
| excess mortality among the elderly in 12 european countries, february and march 2012. | in february and march 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 european countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. these preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. the current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza a(h3n2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap. | 2012 | 22516003 |
| human infections with novel reassortant influenza a(h3n2)v viruses, united states, 2011. | during july-december 2011, a variant virus, influenza a(h3n2)v, caused 12 human cases of influenza. the virus contained genes originating from swine, avian, and human viruses, including the m gene from influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus. influenza a(h3n2)v viruses were antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza viruses and similar to proposed vaccine virus a/minnesota/11/2010. | 2012 | 22516540 |
| in vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives. | the theaflavins fraction (tf80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavin (tf) derivatives from black tea have been found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro. they were evaluated with a neuraminidase (na) activity assay, a hemagglutination (ha) inhibition assay, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay for gene expression of hemagglutinin (ha) and a cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay. the experimental results showed that they all exerted significant inhi ... | 2012 | 22521753 |
| the fluorescence neuraminidase inhibition assay: a functional method for detection of influenza virus resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors. | neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) are presently the only effective antiviral drugs for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza a and b infections, due to the high prevalence of resistance to the adamantane class of drugs among influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) viruses, including the 2009 pandemic h1n1 strain. the limited pharmaceutical options currently available for control of influenza infections underscore the critical need for surveillance on nai susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating ... | 2012 | 22528156 |
| genetic engineering of live attenuated influenza viruses. | the first live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) was licensed in the usa in 2003; it is a trivalent vaccine composed of two type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and one type b influenza virus each at 10(7) fluorescent focus units (ffu). each influenza vaccine strain is a reassortant virus that contains the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from a wild-type influenza virus and the six internal protein gene segments from a master donor virus (mdv) of either cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 ... | 2012 | 22528159 |
| the human h3n2 influenza viruses a/victoria/3/75 and a/hiroshima/52/2005 preferentially bind to α2-3-sialylated monosialogangliosides with fucosylated poly-n-acetyllactosaminyl chains. | among influenza a viruses, subtype h3n2 is the major cause of human influenza morbidity and is associated with seasonal epidemics causing annually half million deaths worldwide. influenza a virus infection is initiated via hemagglutinin that binds to terminally sialylated glycoconjugates exposed on the surface of target cells. gangliosides from human granulocytes were probed using thin-layer chromatography overlay assays for their binding potential to h3n2 virus strains a/victoria/3/75 and a/hir ... | 2012 | 22534568 |
| severe coinfection with seasonal influenza a (h3n2) virus and staphylococcus aureus--maryland, february-march 2012. | on march 5, 2012, the maryland department of health and mental hygiene (dhmh) and the calvert county health department were notified of three deaths following respiratory illness among members of a maryland family. one family member (patient a) experienced upper-respiratory symptoms and died unexpectedly at home. two others (patients b and c) sought medical care for fever, shortness of breath, and cough productive of bloody sputum and died during their hospitalizations. all three family members ... | 2012 | 22534762 |
| the effect of rosuvastatin in a murine model of influenza a infection. | hmg-coa reductase inhibitors such as rosuvastatin may have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may reduce the severity of influenza a infection. we hypothesized that rosuvastatin would decrease viral replication, attenuate lung injury, and improve mortality following influenza a infection in mice. | 2012 | 22536437 |
| development of a proficiency testing program for molecular diagnosis of influenza viruses. | the molecular virology proficiency testing program at the wadsworth center began the assembly and distribution of influenza virus panels to us public health labs (phls) in 2008. the program was created to assist phls in assessing their performance and in meeting clia regulations for mandated proficiency testing (pt). | 2012 | 22538096 |
| a sentinel platform to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness and new variant circulation, canada 2010-2011 season. | during the 2010-2011 winter, a large number of outbreaks due to influenza a/h3n2 at long-term care facilities, including higher-than-expected attack rates among vaccinated staff, were reported in some regions of canada. interim analysis from the community-based sentinel surveillance system showed circulating h3n2 variants and suboptimal vaccine effectiveness (ve), assessed here for the entire season's data set. | 2012 | 22539661 |
| nationwide surveillance of influenza during the pandemic (2009-10) and post-pandemic (2010-11) periods in taiwan. | although who declared the world moving into the post-pandemic period on august 10, 2010, influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus continued to circulate globally. its impact was expected to continue during the 2010-11 influenza season. this study describes the nationwide surveillance findings of the pandemic and post-pandemic influenza periods in taiwan and assesses the impact of influenza a(h1n1) 2009 during the post-pandemic period. | 2012 | 22545158 |
| canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus. | since its emergence in 1968, influenza a (h3n2) has evolved extensively in genotype and antigenic phenotype. however, despite strong pressure to evolve away from human immunity and to diversify in antigenic phenotype, h3n2 influenza shows paradoxically limited genetic and antigenic diversity present at any one time. here, we propose a simple model of antigenic evolution in the influenza virus that accounts for this apparent discrepancy. | 2012 | 22546494 |
| high-yield production of a stable vero cell-based vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses pose a global pandemic threat, for which rapid large-scale vaccine production technology is critical for prevention and control. because chickens are highly susceptible to hpai viruses, the supply of chicken embryos for vaccine production might be depleted during a virus outbreak. therefore, developing hpai virus vaccines using other technologies is critical. meeting vaccine demand using the vero cell-based fermentation process has been hindered b ... | 2012 | 22554519 |
| rescue of a h3n2 influenza virus containing a deficient neuraminidase protein by a hemagglutinin with a low receptor-binding affinity. | influenza viruses possess at their surface two glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase, of which the antagonistic functions have to be well balanced for the virus to grow efficiently. ferraris et al. isolated in 2003-2004 viruses lacking both a na gene and protein (h3na- viruses) (ferraris o., 2006, vaccine, 24(44-46):6656-9). in this study we showed that the hemagglutinins of two of the h3na- viruses have reduced affinity for saα2.6gal receptors, between 49 and 128 times lower th ... | 2012 | 22563453 |
| a novel pathogenic mechanism of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses involves hemagglutinin mediated resistance to serum innate inhibitors. | in this study, the effect of innate serum inhibitors on influenza virus infection was addressed. seasonal influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2), 2009 pandemic a(h1n1) (h1n1pdm) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses were tested with guinea pig sera negative for antibodies against all of these viruses as evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition and microneutralization assays. in the presence of serum inhibitors, the infection by each virus was inhibited differently as measured by th ... | 2012 | 22563489 |
| effect of receptor specificity of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs. | several arguments plead for an important role of pigs in human influenza ecology, including the similar receptor expression pattern in the respiratory tract of both species. how virus receptor binding specificity affects transmission in pigs, on the other hand, has not been studied so far. | 2013 | 22564359 |
| a novel small molecule inhibitor of influenza a viruses that targets polymerase function and indirectly induces interferon. | influenza viruses continue to pose a major public health threat worldwide and options for antiviral therapy are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains. the antiviral cytokine, interferon (ifn) is an essential mediator of the innate immune response and influenza viruses, like many viruses, have evolved strategies to evade this response, resulting in increased replication and enhanced pathogenicity. a cell-based assay that monitors ifn production was developed and applied in a hi ... | 2012 | 22577360 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of c5-substituted-(1,3-diyne)-2'-deoxyuridines. | starting from acetylated 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (3), 14 hitherto unknown c5-substituted-(1,3-diyne)-2'-deoxyuridines (with cyclopropyl, hydroxymethyl, methylcyclopentane, p-(substituted)phenyl and disubstituted-phenyl substituents) have been synthesized via a nickel-copper catalyzed c-h activation between two terminal alkynes, in yields ranging from 19% to 67%. their antiviral activities were measured against a large number of dna and rna viruses including herpes simplex virus type 1 and type ... | 2012 | 22578783 |
| immune responses and protection efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus expressing ha1 against swine h3n2 influenza virus in mice and pigs. | swine influenza virus (siv) is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a potent threat to human health. even though immunization with recombinant vaccinia poxviruses expressing protective antigens as a vaccination strategy has been widely used for many infectious diseases, development of recombinant swinepox virus (rspv) vector for this purpose has been less successful. here, we report the construction of a recombinant swinepox virus (rspv) expressing hemagglutinin (ha1) of h ... | 2012 | 22584406 |
| bovine lactoferrin-derived peptides as novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of influenza virus. | bovine lactoferrin (blf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in innate immunity against infections, including influenza. here we have dissected blf into its c- and n-lobes and show that inhibition of influenza virus hemagglutination and cell infection is entirely attributable to the c-lobe and that all major virus subtypes, including h1n1 and h3n2, are inhibited. by far-western blotting and sequencing studies, we demonstrate that blf c-lobe strongly binds to the ha(2) ... | 2012 | 22595270 |
| in contrast to conventional inactivated influenza vaccines, 4xm2e.hsp70c fusion protein fully protected mice against lethal dose of h1, h3 and h9 influenza a isolates circulating in iran. | ideal vaccines against influenza viruses should elicit not only a humoral response, but also a cellular response. mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70 (mhsp70) have been found to promote immunogenic apcs function, elicit a strong cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response, and prevent the induction of tolerance. moreover, it showed linkage of antigens to the c-terminus of mhsp70 (mhsp70c) can represent them as vaccines resulted in more potent, protective antigen specific responses in the absence of adjuv ... | 2012 | 22595444 |
| influenza viral infections among the iranian hajj pilgrims returning to shiraz, fars province, iran. | annually over two million muslims from across the world converge on mecca to perform the hajj pilgrimage. overcrowding at the hajj facilitates spread of communicable diseases, especially respiratory infections. the aim of this study was to determine the attack rate of seasonal and pandemic influenza among returning iranian pilgrims after the 2009 hajj. | 2012 | 22606996 |
| age-dependent prevalence of antibodies cross-reactive to the influenza a(h3n2) variant virus in sera collected in norway in 2011. | antibody cross-reactivity to the influenza a(h3n2) variant virus recently reported in the united states, was investigated in norwegian sera. seroprevalence was 40% overall, and 71% in people born between 1977 and 1993. the most susceptible age groups were children and people aged around 50 years. the high immunity in young adults is likely to be due to strong priming infection with similar viruses in the 1990s. more research is needed to explain the poor immunity in 45–54 year-olds. | 2012 | 22607964 |
| constrained evolution drives limited influenza diversity. | h3n2 influenza a viruses have been widely circulating in human populations since the pandemic of 1968. a striking feature of the evolutionary development of this strain has been its 'canalized' nature, with narrow evolutionary trees dominated by long trunks with few branching, or bifurcation events and a consequent lack of standing diversity at any single point. this is puzzling, as one might expect that the strong human immune response against the virus would create an environment encouraging m ... | 2012 | 22613866 |
| inter- and intraspecies transmission of canine influenza virus (h3n2) in dogs, cats, and ferrets. | the emergence of zoonotic viruses in domestic animals is a significant public health concern. canine influenza virus (civ) h3n2 is a virus that can infect companion animals and is, therefore, a potential public health concern. | 2013 | 22616918 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic combination effects of rimantadine and oseltamivir against influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in mice. | the combined effect of rimantadine and oseltamivir in a prophylactic context (therapy beginning 4 h pre-virus infection) and therapeutic context (therapy started at 24 h post-viral inoculation) course on influenza h3n2 virus infection in mice was studied. in the prophylactic course 5 and 10 mg/kg/day rimantadine with 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg/day (25:1 dose ratio) oseltamivir showed a protection index (pi) of 79.6% and 75%, respectively and a mean survival time (mst) of 13.1 and 12.9 days. the individua ... | 2012 | 22617756 |
| viral infection of central nervous system in children: one year prospective study. | viral infection of central nervous system (cns) is a common problem worldwide, especially in children. the clinical manifestations of viral cns infection are the most important clues for diagnosis and treatment. the 1-year prospective study to explore the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings of viral cns infection in children, including human herpes virus (hhv) type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7, enterovirus b, mumps virus, measles virus, japanese encephalitis virus, jc virus, ... | 2011 | 22619903 |
| [the specific features of the cocirculation of influenza viruses in the 2010-2011 postpandemic period according to the results of activities of the d. i. ivanovsky research institute of virology, ministry of health and social development of russia]. | the paper gives the results of monitoring the circulation of influenza viruses in the 2010-2011 season, that covers the second year of circulation of pandemic a(h1n1)v virus strains, and their interaction with seasonal a (h3n2) and b strains. unlike the previous season, the beginning of an increase in morbidity was recorded in january 2011; its peak in the most of contiguous areas was noted at 5-7 weeks of 2011, with its further decline to threshold levels at week 11 of 2011. preschool and schoo ... | 2016 | 22624469 |
| influenza vaccine: an effective preventive vaccine for developing countries. | the influenza virus a, b and c causes disease in humans, birds and animals. the influenza type a causes moderate to severe illness in all age groups in humans while the illness caused by type b is of milder and it is primarily affects children. among many subtypes of influenza a viruses, currently influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) subtypes are circulating among humans. influenza is a serious public health problem that causes severe illnesses and deaths for higher risk populations. influenza virus is ... | 2012 | 22634439 |
| the 2009 pandemic influenza virus: where did it come from, where is it now, and where is it going? | around 2008 or 2009, an influenza a virus that had been circulating undetected in swine entered human population. unlike most swine influenza infections of humans, this virus established sustained human-to-human transmission, leading to a global pandemic. the virus responsible, 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm), is the result of multiple reassortment events that brought together genomic segments from classical h1n1 swine influenza virus, human seasonal h3n2 influenza virus, north american avian influ ... | 2013 | 22638836 |
| serologic evidence of human influenza virus infections in swine populations, cambodia. | this study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 and investigated the seroprevalence of influenza a viruses in cambodian pigs, including human h1n1, h3n2, 2009 pandemic h1n1 (a(h1n1)pdm09), and highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza a viruses. | 2013 | 22642704 |
| annual influenza vaccination affects the development of heterosubtypic immunity. | annual vaccination of healthy children >6 months of age against seasonal influenza has been recommended by public health authorities of some countries. however, currently used seasonal vaccines provide only limited protection against (potentially) pandemic influenza viruses. furthermore, we recently hypothesized that annual vaccination may hamper the development of cross-reactive immunity against influenza a viruses of novel subtypes, that would otherwise be induced by natural infection. here we ... | 2012 | 22643217 |
| clinical effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors--oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir--for treatment of influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 infection: an observational study in the 2010-2011 influenza season in japan. | the clinical effectiveness of the newly released neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) laninamivir and peramivir has not been sufficiently evaluated in influenza-infected patients in clinical and practical settings. in this study, we analyzed the clinical data of 211 patients infected with influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (a(h3n2)) and 45 patients infected with influenza a virus subtype h1n1pdm (a(h1n1)pdm09) who received the nais oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, or peramivir during the 2010-2011 in ... | 2012 | 22644080 |
| influenza m1 vlps containing neuraminidase induce heterosubtypic cross-protection. | influenza virus like particles (vlps) containing hemagglutinin were previously demonstrated to induce protection against the homologous strains. however, little information is available on the protective role of neuraminidase (na), the second major glycoprotein. in this study, we developed vlps (na vlps) containing na and m1 derived from a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) influenza virus, and investigated their ability to induce protective immunity. intranasal immunization with na vlps induced serum antibody resp ... | 2012 | 22658901 |
| multiplex rt-pcr assay for differentiating european swine influenza virus subtypes h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2. | in europe, three major swine influenza viral (siv) subtypes (h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2) have been isolated in pigs. developing a test that is able to detect and identify the subtype of the circulating strain rapidly during an outbreak of respiratory disease in the pig population is of essential importance. this study describes two multiplex rt-pcrs which distinguish the haemagglutinin (ha) gene and the neuraminidase (na) gene of the three major subtypes of siv circulating in europe. the ha pcr was abl ... | 2012 | 22664185 |