Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| gastric and enterohepatic helicobacters other than helicobacter pylori. | during the past year, research on non-helicobacter pylori species has intensified. h. valdiviensis was isolated from wild birds, and putative novel species have been isolated from bengal tigers and australian marsupials. various genomes have been sequenced: h. bilis, h. canis, h. macacae, h. fennelliae, h. cetorum, and h. suis. several studies highlighted the virulence of non-h. pylori species including h. cinaedi in humans and hyperlipidemic mice or h. macacae in geriatric rhesus monkeys with i ... | 2014 | 25167947 |
| quantitative analysis of low-density snp data for parentage assignment and estimation of family contributions to pooled samples. | while much attention has focused on the development of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assays, the costs of developing and running low-density assays have fallen dramatically. this makes it feasible to develop and apply snp assays for agricultural species beyond the major livestock species. although low-cost low-density assays may not have the accuracy of the high-density assays widely used in human and livestock species, we show that when combined with statistical analysis app ... | 2014 | 25183297 |
| antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties of phenolic extract from pleurotus tuber-regium. | pleurotus tuber-regium (fries) singer (ptr), both an edible and a medicinal mushroom also known as tiger milk mushroom, has experienced growing popularity and economic importance due to its flavor, nutritive value, and medicinal effects. in this study, the antioxidant and antiangiogenic activities of a 60% ethanol extract (ee) obtained from the sclerotium of ptr were investigated. typical phenolic compounds including protocatechuic, chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, and folic acid were identified ... | 2014 | 25185869 |
| tiger density in a tropical lowland forest in the eastern himalayan mountains. | tropical evergreen forests in northeast india are a biological hot spot for conservation of flora and fauna. little is known, however, about tiger abundance, which is a flagship species for tropical evergreen forests. our objective was to document the capture rate and population density of tigers based on spatial explicit capture-recapture (secr) approaches using camera trap data in an intensive study area (isa) of 158 km(2) in pakke tiger reserve (ptr) during march to may 2006. the reserve lies ... | 2014 | 25187884 |
| the hidden world of asian tiger mosquitoes: immature aedes albopictus (skuse) dominate in rainwater corrugated extension spouts. | the primary sources of aedes albopictus (skuse) in its exotic range in north america are artificial containers in backyards, which vary widely in accessibility. in this study we examined their prevalence in two container types that are difficult to inspect: catch basins and corrugated extension spouts (ces), the latter used to divert rainwater in downspouts away from house foundations. | 2014 | 25193027 |
| hallervorden-spatz syndrome: a rare cause of extrapyramidal manifestations. | hallervorden-spatz syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disease of autosomal recessive inheritance which presents in childhood or early adulthood with dystonia, dysarthria, rigidity and choreoathetosis. here we present an unusual case of atypical hallervorden-spatz syndrome with onset during adolescence and rapid progression in a young female patient who showed the characteristic "eye of the tiger" appearance on magnetic resonance imaging [mri] of brain. this reporting intends to highlight halle ... | 2011 | 25205940 |
| quantifying shark distribution patterns and species-habitat associations: implications of marine park zoning. | quantifying shark distribution patterns and species-specific habitat associations in response to geographic and environmental drivers is critical to assessing risk of exposure to fishing, habitat degradation, and the effects of climate change. the present study examined shark distribution patterns, species-habitat associations, and marine reserve use with baited remote underwater video stations (bruvs) along the entire great barrier reef marine park (gbrmp) over a ten year period. overall, 21 sp ... | 2014 | 25207545 |
| [on liu qin xi (six animal frolics) in huai nan zi (discourses of master huainanzi)]. | the six styles of the art of daoyin recorded in liu an's huai nan zi (discourses of master huainanzi) of the western han dynasty was called the liu qin xi which was simplified from the complicated ancient daoyin art of bionic practice imitating the movements of six kinds of animal. among them, the "xiong jing"imitates the erecting walking style of a bear so as to strengthen the waist and lower extremities; the "niao shen"follows the spreading of wings of a bird so as to extend the arms and legs, ... | 2014 | 25208832 |
| temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (parasemia plantaginis). | many plants and animals advertise unpalatability through warning signals in the form of colour and shape. variation in warning signals within local populations is not expected because they are subject to directional selection. however, mounting evidence of warning signal variation within local populations suggests that other selective forces may be acting. moreover, different selective pressures may act on the individual components of a warning signal. at present, we have a limited understanding ... | 2014 | 25211063 |
| a risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in fish and an invertebrate from the gulf of antalya. | this study was conducted to determine the levels of cd, cu, zn and pb in the red mullet (mullus barbatus), grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and green tiger prawn (panaeus semisulcatus) species caught in the gulf of antalya and to assess the health risks associated with their consumption. the average values (mg/kg d.w.) were calculated to be pb (0.29 ± 0.14), cd (0.02 ± 0.03), zn (5.64 ± 1.58) and cu (1.64 ± 1.02) in m. barbatus; pb (0.22 ± 0.12), cd (0.02 ± 0.01), zn (7.66 ± 2.29) and cu (1.33 ± 0.8 ... | 2014 | 25216933 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a major white spot syndrome virus (wssv) envelope protein vp24 expressed in escherichia coli against wssv. | the study reports cloning, expression and characterization of immunogenic activity of vp24, a major envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus (wssv). his-tagged vp24 was expressed as truncated protein and purified from inclusion bodies by metal affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. the ability to confer protection from wssv by oral administration of recombinant viral protein (rvp24) was examined in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (p. monodon) juveniles (advanced post larvae ... | 2014 | 25218401 |
| the reduced effectiveness of protected areas under climate change threatens atlantic forest tiger moths. | climate change leads to species' range shifts, which may end up reducing the effectiveness of protected areas. these deleterious changes in biodiversity may become amplified if they include functionally important species, such as herbivores or pollinators. we evaluated how effective protected areas in the brazilian atlantic forest are in maintaining the diversity of tiger moths (arctiinae) under climate change. specifically, we assessed whether protected areas will gain or lose species under cli ... | 2014 | 25229422 |
| microbiological investigation of persistent mortalities in litopenaeus vannamei grown in low saline waters in india. | abstract microbial diseases are a serious hindrance to successful shrimp aquaculture. the pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei is an exotic species recently introduced in india to supplement the failing aquaculture of the asian tiger shrimp penaeus monodon due to viral diseases. however, after a brief initial success, the aquaculture of l. vannamei is also experiencing serious problems due to microbial diseases. in this study, we conducted a microbiological investigation into the problem of ... | 2014 | 25229486 |
| human-aided and natural dispersal drive gene flow across the range of an invasive mosquito. | human-aided transport is responsible for many contemporary species introductions, yet the contribution of human-aided transport to dispersal within non-native regions is less clear. understanding dispersal dynamics for invasive species can streamline mitigation efforts by targeting routes that contribute disproportionally to spread. because of its limited natural dispersal ability, rapid spread of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) has been attributed to human-aided transport, but until ... | 2015 | 25230113 |
| toxin ophthalmia caused by nuchal gland secretion of the taiwan tiger keelback (rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus). | rhabdophis tigrinus is a common colubrid snake that can be found in an extensive geographical region in east asia. it consists of two subspecies: r.t. tigrinus (yamakagashi) and r.t. formosanus (taiwan tiger keelback). r. tigrinus possesses two different sets of poisonous glands: the duvernoy's glands in the maxilla, and the nuchal glands in the dorsal skin of the neck. we report the first case in current english literature of toxin ophthalmia caused by the nuchal gland secretion of r.t. formosa ... | 2014 | 25240304 |
| a new genus of african tiger moths, with a review of the amsacta melanogastra holland species group (lepidoptera, erebidae). | the relationships of afrotropical tiger moths remain relatively poorly analyzed (see goodger & watson 1995), despite some noticeable new generic descriptions (see goodger & watson 1995, dubatolov 2006a, 2006b, 2009, 2009, dubatolov & haynes 2008). while studying series of tiger moths from the natural history museum and manchester museum, some specimens of "diacrisia" epicaste fawcett, 1915 (synonyms include "spilosoma" occidentalis bartel, 1903 and "amsacta" melanogastra holland, 1897) were foun ... | 2013 | 25243313 |
| integrating the public in mosquito management: active education by community peers can lead to significant reduction in peridomestic container mosquito habitats. | mosquito species that utilize peridomestic containers for immature development are commonly aggressive human biters, and because they often reach high abundance, create significant nuisance. one of these species, the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, is an important vector of emerging infectious diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika fevers. integrated mosquito management (imm) of ae. albopictus is particularly difficult because it requires access to private yards in urban and subu ... | 2014 | 25255027 |
| demonstration of a very inexpensive, turbidimetric, real-time, rt-lamp detection platform using shrimp laem-singh virus (lsnv) as a model. | rapid and accurate detection of pathogens under field laboratory conditions is necessary for effective control of veterinary pathogens. here we describe a prototype, portable, pathogen detection device developed for single tube, real-time, reverse transcription, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) using laem-singh virus (lsnv) as a model. lsnv is an rna virus and a component cause of growth retardation in black tiger shrimp. we chose its rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene as t ... | 2014 | 25255231 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of the sclerotium of lignosus rhinocerotis (cooke) ryvarden, the tiger milk mushroom. | the sclerotium of lignosus rhinocerotis (cooke) ryvarden (tiger milk mushroom) is used as a traditional medicine to relieve cough, asthma and chronic hepatitis. the traditional uses of the sclerotium are presumably related to its anti-inflammatory effect. the present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the sclerotial powder of l. rhinocerotis (cooke) ryvarden (tiger milk mushroom) cultivar tm02. | 2014 | 25256382 |
| clinical and immunochemical profiles of food challenge proven or anaphylactic shrimp allergy in tropical singapore. | shellfish allergy in singapore is highly prevalent, and shrimp allergy is the most common. | 2015 | 25257922 |
| toll-pathway in tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) responds to white spot syndrome virus infection: evidence through molecular characterisation and expression profiles of myd88, traf6 and tlr genes. | the toll-pathway plays key roles in regulating the innate immune response in invertebrates. myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) and tumour necrosis factor receptor (tnfr)-associated factor 6 (traf6) are key molecules in this signalling pathway. to investigate the role of toll-pathway in innate immune response of shrimp, penaeus monodon, myd88 (pmmyd88) and traf6 (pmtraf6) were identified and characterised. pmmyd88 cdna is 1716 bp long with an open reading frame (orf) of 1449 bp encoding a ... | 2014 | 25266891 |
| the tiger beetles (coleoptera: carabidae, cicindelinae) of angola: a descriptive catalogue and designation of neotypes. | an annotated catalogue of the species and subspecies of tiger beetles (coleoptera: carabidae, cicindelinae) hitherto known from angola is given. a total of 89 forms (74 species and 15 subspecies) is recorded from this southwestern country of africa. within this assemblage there are 31 endemic forms (33.3%). some species are represented by only the holotype specimen (some without locality) or the type series. others were recorded based on a single specimen. records for six species previously unkn ... | 2013 | 25277584 |
| mexorchestia: a new genus of talitrid amphipod (crustacea, amphipoda, talitridae) from the gulf of mexico and caribbean sea, with the description of a new species and two new subspecies. | two species of supralittoral tethorchestia were reported by bousfield (1984) to occur on the shores of the gulf of mexico and closely adjacent waters: t. antillensis bousfield, 1984 from quintana roo, mexico and an undescribed species, tethorchestia sp. b of bousfield (1984), from florida and the u.s. gulf coast. in this paper, we rediagnose and illustrate the former taxon based on material from goodland bay, florida, which represents a range extension for that species. we examined the latter ta ... | 2014 | 25284674 |
| mutations in the ttdn1 gene are associated with a distinct trichothiodystrophy phenotype. | trichothiodystrophy (ttd) is a rare multisystem disorder, characterized by sulfur-deficient hair with alternating dark and light "tiger tail" banding on polarized light microscopy. ttd is caused by mutations in dna repair/transcription genes xpd, xpb or ttda, and in ttdn1, a gene of unknown function. although most of the ttd patients are photosensitive, patients with ttdn1 mutations were reported to be nonphotosensitive. we followed a cohort of 36 ttd patients from 2001 to 2013. we describe five ... | 2015 | 25290684 |
| screening and analyzing genes associated with amur tiger placental development. | the amur tiger is a unique endangered species in the world, and thus, protection of its genetic resources is extremely important. in this study, an amur tiger placenta cdna library was constructed using the smart cdna library construction kit. a total of 508 colonies were sequenced, in which 205 (76%) genes were annotated and mapped to 74 kegg pathways, including 29 metabolism, 29 genetic information processing, 4 environmental information processing, 7 cell motility, and 5 organismal system pat ... | 2014 | 25299101 |
| basal ganglia calcification in a patient with beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration. | beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration is a newly described x-linked dominant condition due to heterozygous mutations in wdr45. the condition is associated with characteristic changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging. previous literature relating to this disorder has not specifically referred to intracranial calcification. | 2014 | 25301227 |
| calmodulin enhances ribbon replenishment and shapes filtering of synaptic transmission by cone photoreceptors. | at the first synapse in the vertebrate visual pathway, light-evoked changes in photoreceptor membrane potential alter the rate of glutamate release onto second-order retinal neurons. this process depends on the synaptic ribbon, a specialized structure found at various sensory synapses, to provide a supply of primed vesicles for release. calcium (ca(2+)) accelerates the replenishment of vesicles at cone ribbon synapses, but the mechanisms underlying this acceleration and its functional implicatio ... | 2014 | 25311636 |
| stability of the wssv orf94 vntr genotype marker during passage in marine shrimp, freshwater crayfish and freshwater prawns. | the white spot syndrome virus (wssv) genome contains 3 variable number tandem repeat (vntr) regions, located in open reading frame (orf) 75, orf94 and orf125, which have been employed for molecular epizootiological studies. a previous report suggested that the orf 94 vntr is highly unstable, varying in the number of tandem repeats during single passages from shrimp to other crustaceans. as such rapid variations would have profound implications for the interpretation of molecular epizootiological ... | 2014 | 25320037 |
| endoparasites in cattle nearby tribal areas of free-ranging protected areas of tamil nadu state. | fresh dung samples from cattle nearby and tribal areas of free-ranging regions, mudumalai tiger reserve, anamalai tiger reserve and forest divisions of sathyamangalam-erode of tamil nadu state were examined for identification of endoparasitic infection. a total of 50 dung samples were collected and examination of samples revealed the presence of eggs of strongyle, strongyloides sp., amphistomes, toxocara sp. and oocysts of eimeria sp. the risk of parasitic disease transmission from domestic live ... | 2014 | 25320498 |
| how the white tiger lost its color, but kept its stripes. | 2014 | 25323677 | |
| larvicidal and ovideterrent properties of neem oil and fractions against the filariasis vector aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): a bioactivity survey across production sites. | neem seed oil (nso) of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) contains more than 100 determined biologically active compounds, and many formulations deriving from them showed toxicity, antifeedancy and repellence against a number of arthropod pests. however, it is widely known that botanical products can differ in their chemical composition and bioactivity, as function of the production site and production process. we used high-performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) to investigate differences in ... | 2015 | 25327954 |
| species composition of by-catch from milkfish (chanos chanos) fry fishery in selected sites in the philippines as determined by dna barcodes. | milkfish fry fishery, an important industry in the philippines, uses non-selective fishing gears and push nets in coastal areas which lead to the capture of other non-targeted juvenile aquatic species. unfortunately, information on the amount and the identity of by-catch species is lacking thus the extent of impact of the fry fishery is not known. in this study, the species composition of milkfish fry fishery by-catch sampled from selected coastal areas that are known to be fry collection sites ... | 2016 | 25329278 |
| area-wide ground applications of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of aedes albopictus in residential neighborhoods: from optimization to operation. | the increasing range of aedes albopictus, the asian tiger mosquito, in the usa and the threat of chikungunya and dengue outbreaks vectored by this species have necessitated novel approaches to control this peridomestic mosquito. conventional methods such as adulticiding provide temporary relief, but fail to manage this pest on a sustained basis. we explored the use of cold aerosol foggers and misting machines for area-wide applications of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (vectobac wdg) as ... | 2014 | 25329314 |
| economic evaluation of an area-wide integrated pest management program to control the asian tiger mosquito in new jersey. | aedes albopictus is the most invasive mosquito in the world, an important disease vector, and a biting nuisance that limits outdoor activities. area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) is the recommended control strategy. we conducted an economic evaluation of the aw-ipm project in mercer and monmouth counties, new jersey with a controlled design (aw-ipm vs. control) from 2009 through 2011. the study analyzed financial documents and staff time for aw-ipm and surveyed an average of 415 rando ... | 2014 | 25338065 |
| hemidystonia with one eye-of-the-tiger sign. | 2014 | 25347119 | |
| thiamine deficiency in tachypnoeic cambodian infants. | background: beriberi is endemic in south-east asia. diagnosis is based on clinical findings, but correlation of clinical features with blood thiamine concentrations is uncertain. objectives: to investigate in tachypnoeic cambodian infants the correlation between whole blood thiamine diphosphate (tdp) concentrations, clinical findings and blood tdp levels after therapy. methods: infants hospitalised with tachypnoea were enrolled from october 2011 to january 2012. initial clinical features, diagno ... | 2014 | 25348055 |
| estimating the potential impact of canine distemper virus on the amur tiger population (panthera tigris altaica) in russia. | lethal infections with canine distemper virus (cdv) have recently been diagnosed in amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica), but long-term implications for the population are unknown. this study evaluates the potential impact of cdv on a key tiger population in sikhote-alin biosphere zapovednik (sabz), and assesses how cdv might influence the extinction potential of other tiger populations of varying sizes. an individual-based stochastic, sird (susceptible-infected-recovered/dead) model was used t ... | 2014 | 25354196 |
| determination of the persistence of dimetridazole, metronidazole and ronidazole residues in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) tissue and their stability during cooking. | the depletion of three banned nitroimidazole drugs - dimetridazole (dmz), metronidazole (mnz) and ronidazole (rnz) - was investigated in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) following in-water medication. the highest concentrations of residues were measured immediately after the 24-h immersion (d0). at this time, mnz and mnz-oh residues were measured in shrimp tissue samples at concentrations ranging from 361 to 4189 and from 0.28 to 6.6 μg kg(-1), respectively. dmz and its metabolites hmmni ran ... | 2015 | 25372355 |
| dynamic visual cues induce jaw opening and closing by tiger beetles during pursuit of prey. | in dynamic locomotory contexts, visual cues often trigger adaptive behaviour by the viewer, yet studies investigating how animals determine impending collisions typically employ either stationary viewers or objects. here, we describe a dynamic situation of visually guided prey pursuit in which both impending prey contact and escape elicit observable adaptive behaviours in the pursuer, a predatory beetle. we investigated which visual cues may independently control opening and closing of the beetl ... | 2014 | 25376803 |
| behavioral responses to mammalian blood odor and a blood odor component in four species of large carnivores. | only little is known about whether single volatile compounds are as efficient in eliciting behavioral responses in animals as the whole complex mixture of a behaviorally relevant odor. recent studies analysing the composition of volatiles in mammalian blood, an important prey-associated odor stimulus for predators, found the odorant trans-4,5-epoxy-(e)-2-decenal to evoke a typical "metallic, blood-like" odor quality in humans. we therefore assessed the behavior of captive asian wild dogs (cuon a ... | 2014 | 25383706 |
| prioritizing tiger conservation through landscape genetics and habitat linkages. | even with global support for tiger (panthera tigris) conservation their survival is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and isolation. currently about 3,000 wild tigers persist in small fragmented populations within seven percent of their historic range. identifying and securing habitat linkages that connect source populations for maintaining landscape-level gene flow is an important long-term conservation strategy for endangered carnivores. however, habitat corridors that link regional tiger p ... | 2014 | 25393234 |
| instability-induced pattern formation of photoactivated functional polymers. | since the pioneering work of turing on the formation principles of animal coat patterns [turing am (1952) phil trans r soc lond b 237(641):37-72], such as the stripes of a tiger, great effort has been made to understand and explain various phenomena of self-assembly and pattern formation. prominent examples are the spontaneous demixing in emulsions, such as mixtures of water and oil [herzig em, et al. (2007) nat mater 6:966-971]; the distribution of matter in the universe [kibble twb (1976) j ph ... | 2014 | 25404346 |
| the three-dimensional morphological effects of captivity. | many captive animals are fed diets that are drastically different in mechanical properties than their wild diet. most captive pantherines are fed a nutritionally supplemented diet consisting almost entirely of ground meat. while many zoos supplement this diet with bones, the fact remains that large captive felids are fed diets that require substantially less masticatory effort than those of their wild counterparts. the osteological effects of this dietary difference have not been fully evaluated ... | 2014 | 25409498 |
| the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the retinal response to motion reversal. | to make up for delays in visual processing, retinal circuitry effectively predicts that a moving object will continue moving in a straight line, allowing retinal ganglion cells to anticipate the object's position. however, a sudden reversal of motion triggers a synchronous burst of firing from a large group of ganglion cells, possibly signaling a violation of the retina's motion prediction. to investigate the neural circuitry underlying this response, we used a combination of multielectrode arra ... | 2014 | 25411485 |
| ontogenetic phase shifts in metabolism in a flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | size-scaling metabolism is widely considered to be of significant importance in biology and ecology. thus, allometric relationships between metabolic rate (vo2) and body mass (m), vo2 = a(i)mb, have long been a topic of interest and speculation. it has been proposed that intraspecifically metabolic rate scales isometrically or near isometrically with body mass during the early life history in fishes, invertebrates, birds and mammals. we developed a new perspective on intraspecific size-scaling m ... | 2014 | 25412451 |
| assessment of metal accumulation in two fish species (tenualosa ilisha and otolithes ruber), captured from the north of persian gulf. | the relationship between size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in different tissues of two commercially valuable fish species (hilsa shad, tenualosa ilisha and tiger tooth croaker, otolithes ruber) from the north of persian gulf were evaluated. concentrations of the metals in fish species ranged as follows: cd 0.08-1.34; pb 0.67-4.43; cu 3.07-23.38; co 0.64-5.03; ni 2.15-7.69 μg/g dry weight, respectively. metal content in both fish varied with type of metals and tissues. results sho ... | 2015 | 25416867 |
| recent and projected future climatic suitability of north america for the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus. | since the 1980s, populations of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus have become established in south-eastern, eastern and central united states, extending to approximately 40°n. ae. albopictus is a vector of a wide range of human pathogens including dengue and chikungunya viruses, which are currently emerging in the caribbean and central america and posing a threat to north america. | 2014 | 25441177 |
| auto-induction for high yield expression of recombinant novel isoallergen tropomyosin from king prawn (melicertus latisulcatus) for improved diagnostics and immunotherapeutics. | food allergies are increasing worldwide, demonstrating a considerable public health concern. shellfish allergy is one of the major food groups causing allergic sensitization among adults and children, affecting up to 2% of the general world population. tropomyosin (tm) is the major allergen in shellfish and frequently used in the diagnosis of allergic sensitization and the detection of cross-contaminated food. to improve and establish better and more sensitive diagnostics for allergies and immun ... | 2014 | 25450004 |
| left ventricular perforation during ventriculogram using an optitorque tiger catheter. | 2014 | 25457057 | |
| lethal infection by a novel reassortant h5n1 avian influenza a virus in a zoo-housed tiger. | in early 2013, a bengal tiger (panthera tigris) in a zoo died of respiratory distress. all specimens from the tiger were positive for hpai h5n1, which were detected by real-time pcr, including nose swab, throat swab, tracheal swab, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, aquae pericardii and cerebrospinal fluid. one stain of virus, a/tiger/js/1/2013, was isolated from the lung sample. pathogenicity experiments showed that the isolate was able to replicate and cause death in mice. phylogenetic analys ... | 2015 | 25461468 |
| a novel gonad-specific argonaute 4 serves as a defense against transposons in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | argonaute is a key protein of the small-rna guided gene regulation process. the argonaute family is generally divided into two subfamilies; ago and piwi. in this study, a cdna encoding a novel type of argonaute (pmago4) in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon was identified and characterized. pmago4 cdna contained an open reading frame of 2433 nucleotides that can be translated into a deduced amino acid with the conserved paz and piwi domains. pmago4 was phylogenetically clustered with the ago ... | 2015 | 25463288 |
| evolutionary genetics and vector adaptation of recombinant viruses of the western equine encephalitis antigenic complex provides new insights into alphavirus diversity and host switching. | western equine encephalitis virus (weev), highlands j virus (hjv), and fort morgan virus (fmv) are the sole representatives of the wee antigenic complex of the genus alphavirus, family togaviridae, that are endemic to north america. all three viruses have their ancestry in a recombination event involving eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) and a sindbis (sin)-like virus that gave rise to a chimeric alphavirus that subsequently diversified into the present-day weev, hjv, and fmv. here, we pr ... | 2014 | 25463613 |
| characterizing felid tooth marking and gross bone damage patterns using gis image analysis: an experimental feeding study with large felids. | in recent years there has been much disagreement over the nature of carnivore involvement in early pleistocene zooarchaeological assemblages. this partially reflects the lack of reliable ways to identify the taphonomic signatures of different large carnivore taxa. it is often unclear which carnivore taxon or taxa may have played a role in forming or modifying faunal assemblages found associated with stone tools, and this lack of clarity impacts reconstructions of hominin behavior. the mode, freq ... | 2015 | 25467112 |
| aedes albopictus breeding in southern germany, 2014. | larvae, pupae and eggs of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus were found in freiburg, southern germany, after submission of an adult mosquito specimen from that area to the 'mückenatlas', a german instrument of passive mosquito surveillance. while previously collected ae. albopictus in germany were trapped on, or close to, service stations on motorways, suggesting introduction by vehicles from southern europe, these new specimens were out of flight distance from the motorway on the one han ... | 2015 | 25468383 |
| [urine proteome study for the evaluation of cardiovascular system state after spaceflight in human]. | in order to find markers to assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system before and after spaceflight (first and seventh day after landing), we analyzed the urine proteome in ten cosmonauts aged of 35 to 51 years who have completed 169 to 199-day spaceflight onboard the iss. a special sample preparation was performed, followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the minor proteins was performed on a nano-hplc agilent 1100 system (agi ... | 2013 | 25470945 |
| dynamic regulation of d-serine release in the vertebrate retina. | activation of nmda receptors (nmdars) is essential for encoding visual stimuli into signals for the brain, although their over-activation can cause cell death. the recruitment of nmdars is important for encoding light intensity in retinal ganglion cells. d-serine binding is essential for proper activation of nmdars, although its role in signal processing and the mechanisms that underlie its availability are not well understood. in these light-evoked experiments, the addition of exogenous d-serin ... | 2015 | 25480802 |
| the best time to have sex: mating behaviour and effect of daylight time on male sexual competitiveness in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | aedes albopictus is the most invasive mosquito worldwide and works as a vector for many important pathogens. control tools rely to chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. recently, huge efforts have been carried out to propose new eco-friendly alternatives, such as evaluation of plant-borne compounds and sterile insect technique (sit) programs. success of sit is dependent to the ability of sterile males to compete for mates with wild ones. l ... | 2015 | 25487029 |
| an experimental and bioinformatics protocol for rna-seq analyses of photoperiodic diapause in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | photoperiodic diapause is an important adaptation that allows individuals to escape harsh seasonal environments via a series of physiological changes, most notably developmental arrest and reduced metabolism. global gene expression profiling via rna-seq can provide important insights into the transcriptional mechanisms of photoperiodic diapause. the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is an outstanding organism for studying the transcriptional bases of diapause due to its ease of rearing, ea ... | 2014 | 25490084 |
| dengue and chikungunya: long-distance spread and outbreaks in naïve areas. | mosquito-borne virus infections, such as dengue and chikungunya, are continuously expanding their geographical range. the dengue virus, which is known to be a common cause of febrile illness in tropical areas of the old world, is now widespread in the americas. in most affected areas, all the four dengue virus serotypes have circulated. recently, small clusters of dengue have been identified also in southern europe during the hot season. the chikungunya virus, initially restricted to central afr ... | 2014 | 25491436 |
| effect of bungee-carcass enrichment on behavior and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in two species of zoo-housed felids. | enrichment can improve animal physiological and psychological well-being. this study sought to promote more natural felid behavior and prevent development or incidence of stereotypies through the use of a feeding enrichment. our objectives are to use fecal glucocorticoid metabolites values and behavioral observations to quantify the effectiveness of the enrichment device for two species of large cats, bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris; n = 2) and cougar (felis concolor; n = 2). the feeding en ... | 2015 | 25492384 |
| the novel white spot syndrome virus-induced gene, pmerp15, encodes an er stress-responsive protein in black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | by microarray screening, we identified a white spot syndrome virus (wssv)-strongly induced novel gene in gills of penaeus monodon. the gene, pmerp15, encodes a putative transmembrane protein of 15 kda, which only showed some degree of similarity (54-59%) to several unknown insect proteins, but had no hits to shrimp proteins. rt-pcr showed that pmerp15 was highly expressed in the hemocytes, heart and lymphoid organs, and that wssv-induced strong expression of pmerp15 was evident in all tissues ex ... | 2015 | 25499032 |
| molecular characterization of a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase from the chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis. | a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase gene (es-cmnsod) was cloned from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the rapid amplification of cdna ends. the open reading frame of es-cmnsod is 867 bp in length and encodes a 288-amino acid protein without a signal peptide. the calculated molecular mass of the translated protein of es-cmnsod is 31.43 kda, with an estimated isoelectric point of 6.30. the deduced amino acid sequence of es ... | 2014 | 25501153 |
| life of pi and the moral wound. | the "moral wound," rendered symbolically in the form of the tiger in life of pi, is a complex trauma in which the victim, in order to survive in life-threatening circumstances, commits an ethical transgression against his or her deeply held values. pi experiences such a trauma and deals with it by dissociating it in the form of the tiger and then has to simultaneously both preserve the tiger and wish it to disappear. jonathan shay's work relating the experiences of returning vietnam veterans to ... | 2014 | 25503752 |
| larvicidal activity of the essential oil from tetradium glabrifolium fruits and its constituents against aedes albopictus. | in our screening programme for new agrochemicals from wild plants, the essential oil of tetradium glabrifolium (champ. ex benth.) t.g. hartley fruits was found to possess strong larvicidal activity against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus l. the essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and the constituents were determined by gc-ms analysis. the active compounds were isolated and identified by bioassay-directed fractionation. | 2015 | 25504672 |
| [urine proteome study for the evaluation of cardiovascular system state after spaceflight in human]. | in order to find markers to assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system before and after spaceflight (first and seventh day after landing), we analyzed the urine proteome in ten cosmonauts aged of 35 to 51 years who have completed 169 to 199-day spaceflight onboard the iss. a special sample preparation was performed, followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the minor proteins was performed on a nano-hplc agilent 1100 system (agi ... | 2013 | 25508572 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and n-alkanes in beaked sea snake enhydrina schistose (daudin, 1803) from the mandovi estuary, goa. | an ecotoxicological study were conducted to evaluate the concentrations of pahs and n-alkanes, in gut, liver and kidney tissues of two individuals of enhydrina schistose (daudin, 1803), using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. the concentrations of pahs (0.10 µg/g) and n-alkanes (8.12 µg/g) were elevated in the gut, and liver (pahs 0.05 µg/g tissue, n-alkanes 29.16 µg/g tissue). in kidney of both specimen-a and b the pahs (0.01 and 0.1 µg/g) and n-alkanes (0.22 and 2.06 µg/g) concentration wa ... | 2015 | 25515691 |
| [isolation of pasteurella dagmatis after a tiger bite]. | 2014 | 25536431 | |
| adaptive learning in a compartmental model of visual cortex-how feedback enables stable category learning and refinement. | the categorization of real world objects is often reflected in the similarity of their visual appearances. such categories of objects do not necessarily form disjunct sets of objects, neither semantically nor visually. the relationship between categories can often be described in terms of a hierarchical structure. for instance, tigers and leopards build two separate mammalian categories, both of which are subcategories of the category felidae. in the last decades, the unsupervised learning of ca ... | 2014 | 25538637 |
| are scalar implicatures automatically processed and different for each individual? a mismatch negativity (mmn) study. | scalar implicatures are ordinarily activated in human communication when the speaker uses a weak expression (e.g., some) from a set of stronger alternatives (e.g., many, all). it has been debated whether scalar inferences are generated by default. to clarify this issue and examine whether individual pragmatic ability will affect the mechanism of scalar inference processing, we performed experiment with an mmn paradigm to capture the neurophysiological indicators of automatic processing of spoken ... | 2015 | 25542387 |
| genome-based proteomic analysis of lignosus rhinocerotis (cooke) ryvarden sclerotium. | lignosus rhinocerotis (cooke) ryvarden (polyporales, basidiomycota), also known as the tiger milk mushroom, has received much interest in recent years owing to its wide-range ethnobotanical uses and the recent success in its domestication. the sclerotium is the part with medicinal value. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 16 non-redundant, major proteins were identified with high confidence level in l. rhinocerotis sclerotium based on it ... | 2015 | 25552915 |
| spawning aggregations of three protogynous groupers in the southern gulf of mexico. | spawning aggregations of red hind epinephelus guttatus, tiger grouper mycteroperca tigris and yellowfin grouper mycteroperca venenosa were identified at two coral-reef systems: arrecife alacranes (emergent bank reef) and bajos del norte (submerged bank reef) on the continental shelf of the yucatan peninsula (campeche bank), mexico. at both reefs, e. guttatus forms large spawning aggregations between february and march. at bajos del norte, m. tigris reproduces in a small, low-density aggregation ... | 2015 | 25557429 |
| age-based differences in the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia. | eosinophilic esophagitis (eoe) is hallmarked by esophageal eosinophilia, >15 eosinophils(eos)/high-powered field (hpf), unresponsive to acid inhibition, and varied symptomatology. eoe consensus guidelines do not discriminate based on age for initiating treatment. | 2016 | 25577623 |
| has psychiatry tamed the "ketamine tiger?" considerations on its use for depression and anxiety. | ketamine has been available for approximately 50 years as an anesthetic agent. it is known to have potent effects on the central nervous system glutamatergic system, in particular blockade of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors. based upon pre-clinical evidence of involvement of the glutamatergic system in mood disorders, studies have been undertaken to test the antidepressant properties of ketamine. several well-controlled studies, along with open-label case series, have established that keta ... | 2016 | 25582770 |
| a new species of tiger beetle from southeastern arizona and mexico (coleoptera, carabidae, cicindelini). | a new tiger beetle species, cicindelidiamelissa duran & roman, sp. n., of the tribe cicindelini, is described from high elevation montane forests of southeastern arizona and mexico. it appears to be most closely related to cicindelidianebuligera (bates) but is distinguished on the basis of multiple morphological characters and geographic range. the new species is also superficially similar to the widespread cicindelidiasedecimpunctata (klug), but distinguished on the basis of multiple morphologi ... | 2014 | 25589868 |
| a novel x-linked trichothiodystrophy associated with a nonsense mutation in rnf113a. | trichothiodystrophy (ttd) is a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders that variably affect a wide range of organs derived from the neuroectoderm. the key diagnostic feature is sparse, brittle, sulfur deficient hair that has a 'tiger-tail' banding pattern under polarising light microscopy. | 2015 | 25612912 |
| integrating voice evaluation: correlation between acoustic and audio-perceptual measures. | this article aims to establish correlations between acoustic and audio-perceptual measures using the grbas scale with respect to four different voice analysis software programs. | 2015 | 25619471 |
| generic language and judgements about category membership: can generics highlight properties as central? | many languages distinguish generic utterances (e.g., "tigers are ferocious") from non-generic utterances (e.g., "those tigers are ferocious"). two studies examined how generic language specially links properties and categories. we used a novel-word extension task to ask if 4- to 5-year-old children and adults distinguish between generic and specific language, and judge that predicating a property of a depicted novel animal using generic language (e.g., "bants have stripes"), rather than non-gene ... | 2009 | 25620828 |
| avian malaria parasites in the last supper: identifying encounters between parasites and the invasive asian mosquito tiger and native mosquito species in italy. | the invasive asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus has dramatically expanded its distribution range, being catalogued as one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species. as vectors of pathogens, ae. albopictus may create novel epidemiological scenarios in the invaded areas. | 2015 | 25626918 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the tiger angelfish, apolemichthys kingi (perciformes: pomacanthidae). | in this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the tiger angelfish, apolemichthys kingi (perciformes: pomacanthidae), has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. the assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,816 bp includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer rnas, and two ribosomal rnas genes. the overall base composition of tiger angelfish is 28.1% for a, 29.4% for c, 16.7% for g, 25.7% for t and show 86% identities to flame angelfish centropyge loriculus. the complete mitoge ... | 2016 | 25629505 |
| vertical movement patterns and ontogenetic niche expansion in the tiger shark, galeocerdo cuvier. | sharks are top predators in many marine ecosystems and can impact community dynamics, yet many shark populations are undergoing severe declines primarily due to overfishing. obtaining species-specific knowledge on shark spatial ecology is important to implement adequate management strategies for the effective conservation of these taxa. this is particularly relevant concerning highly-mobile species that use wide home ranges comprising coastal and oceanic habitats, such as tiger sharks, galeocerd ... | 2015 | 25629732 |
| hyper-parenting is negatively associated with physical activity among 7-12year olds. | to explore associations between helicopter, little emperor, tiger mom, and concerted cultivation hyper-parenting styles with child physical activity. | 2015 | 25634332 |
| canine distemper virus threatens wild tigers. | 2014 | 25638955 | |
| first report of behavioural lateralisation in mosquitoes: right-biased kicking behaviour against males in females of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | lateralisation (i.e. functional and/or structural specialisations of left and right sides of the brain) of aggressive traits has been studied in a number of vertebrates, while evidence for invertebrates is scarce. mosquito females display aggressive responses against undesired males, performing rejection kicks with the hind legs. in this research, we examined lateralisation of kicking behaviour in females of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. we found a right-biased population-level lat ... | 2015 | 25648446 |
| antioxidant activity of some turkish medicinal plants. | dpph, superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities and total phenolic content (tpc) of some less known plants, distributed in burdur-antalya provinces and consumed both as food and for the medicine, asplenium ceterach l. (golden herb), valeriana dioscoridis sm. (valerian), doronicum orientale hoffm. (tiger herb), cota pestalozzae (boiss.) boiss. (camomile), eremurus spectabilis m. bieb. (foxtail lily), asphodeline lutea (l.) rchb. (asphodel) and smyrnium connatum boiss. and kotschy ... | 2015 | 25649168 |
| percutaneous ureteral stent placement for the treatment of a benign ureteral obstruction in a sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae). | a 15-year-old, 113 kg intact male sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) was evaluated for weight loss, polydipsia, and intermittent hematuria. the tiger was immobilized for diagnostic testing including blood work, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasound. laboratory testing demonstrated macro- and microhematuria, azotemia, and an increased urine protein:creatinine ratio. abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral ureterolithiasis as well as hydronephrosis and ureteral dilation. ultrasonography perf ... | 2016 | 25653150 |
| crossing latitudes--long-distance tracking of an apex predator. | tiger sharks (galeocerdo cuvier) are apex predators occurring in most tropical and warm temperate marine ecosystems, but we know relatively little of their patterns of residency and movement over large spatial and temporal scales. we deployed satellite tags on eleven tiger sharks off the north-western coast of western australia and used the brownian bridge kernel method to calculate home ranges and analyse movement behaviour. one individual recorded one of the largest geographical ranges of move ... | 2015 | 25671609 |
| characterization and identification of calmodulin and calmodulin binding proteins in hemocyte of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). | calmodulin (cam), a ubiquitous intracellular calcium (ca(2+)) sensor in all eukaryotic cells, is one of the well-known signaling proteins. previously, cam gene has shown a high transcriptional level in hemocyte of the pathogen infected shrimp, suggesting that shrimp cam does not only regulate ca(2+) metabolism, but is also involved in immune response cascade. in the present study, the cam gene of shrimp penaeus monodon was identified and the recombinant p.monodon cam (rpmcam) was produced and bi ... | 2015 | 25681078 |
| tiger swallowtail genome reveals mechanisms for speciation and caterpillar chemical defense. | predicting phenotype from genotype represents the epitome of biological questions. comparative genomics of appropriate model organisms holds the promise of making it possible. however, the high heterozygosity of many eukaryotes currently prohibits assembling their genomes. here, we report the 376 mb genome sequence of papilio glaucus (pgl), the first sequenced genome from the papilionidae family. we obtained the genome from a wild-caught specimen using a cost-effective strategy that overcomes th ... | 2015 | 25683714 |
| present and future projections of habitat suitability of the asian tiger mosquito, a vector of viral pathogens, from global climate simulation. | climate change can influence the transmission of vector-borne diseases (vbds) through altering the habitat suitability of insect vectors. here we present global climate model simulations and evaluate the associated uncertainties in view of the main meteorological factors that may affect the distribution of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus), which can transmit pathogens that cause chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever and various encephalitides. using a general circulation model at 50 ... | 0 | 25688015 |
| a molecular survey concerning the origin of cyperus esculentus (cyperaceae, poales): two sides of the same coin (weed vs. crop). | cyperus esculentus is widespread in tropical and temperate zones and is also present in cooler regions. it is used as a crop plant, but it also occurs in the wild and as a weed. as a consequence of its ecological plasticity, c. esculentus has remarkable variability, with several morphotypes. four wild-type varieties are presently recognized, in addition to the cultivated form. this study investigates the phylogenetic position and biogeography of c. esculentus with the objective of contributing n ... | 2015 | 25694438 |
| thymoma related myasthenia gravis in humans and potential animal models. | thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (tamg) is one of the anti-acetylcholine receptor mg (achr-mg) subtypes. the clinico-pathological features of tamg and its pathogenesis are described here in comparison with pathogenetic models suggested for the more common non-thymoma achr-mg subtypes, early onset mg and late onset mg. emphasis is put on the role of abnormal intratumorous t cell selection and activation, lack of intratumorous myoid cells and regulatory t cells as well as deficient expression ... | 2015 | 25700911 |
| fda's toothless tiger and its "lost pleasure" analysis. | 2015 | 25701876 | |
| the maghreb - one more important biodiversity hot spot for tiger beetle fauna (coleoptera, carabidae, cicindelinae) in the mediterranean region. | the tiger beetle fauna of the maghreb region is one of the richest in the palaearctic, including 22 species and 5 subspecies and 19% of all palaearctic species of cicindelinae. assembled to their chorotypes, the maghreb tiger beetles fall into eight different groups that include maghreb endemics (26% of fauna), mediterranean (7%), west mediterranean (40%), north african (4%), mediterranean-westturanian (4%), west palaearctic (4%), afrotropico-indo-mediterranean (4%), and saharian (11%) species. ... | 2015 | 25709529 |
| [morphological changes in gametes of tiger barb puntius tetrazona (cypriniformes: cyprinidae) and the implementation of in vitro fertilization]. | the production of ornamental fishes represents an economic activity of a growing number of mexican families. nevertheless, the reproduction of fish in captivity is one of the complications faced by farmers. this study was set up to: (i) evaluate the morphological and functional changes induced by hydration in the gametes of fish tiger barb (puntius tetrazona; 240 samples) at tree times after hydration (10, 20 and 30s) with classic spermograms (volume, sperm concentration, viability, motility, an ... | 2014 | 25720172 |
| emergence and epidemiology of ciguatera in the coastal cities of southern china. | in the present review of 23 published case studies, the main objective is to report the emergence and epidemiology of ciguatera in the coastal cities of southern china. there was a sudden surge in ciguatera outbreaks in 2004. ciguatera mostly occurred in the guangdong province. in shenzhen, the incidence of ciguatera in 2004 was estimated to be over 7.5 per million people. in foshan and zhongshan, three large outbreaks each affecting over 100-200 subjects (caused by tiger grouper served at banqu ... | 2015 | 25738329 |
| [application of electron spin resonance spectroscopy for the detection of irradiated crustaceans (prawn, shrimp, and crabs)]. | prawn, shrimp and crabs sold in japan are mostly imported from overseas. detection of irradiated crustaceans is very important for quality assurance. in this study, we used esr to detect radiation-induced radicals after irradiation of prawn, shrimp and crabs of major species. no radiation-induced radicals were detected in prawn (black tiger prawn) or shrimp (white leg shrimp). radiation-induced radicals due to hydroxyapatite were detected in the claws of snow crab, red king crab, and swimming cr ... | 2014 | 25743382 |
| computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic chordoma in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris). | a bengal tiger was presented for evaluation of weakness, ataxia and inappetance. computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) revealed a mass extending from the t7-8 vertebral body to the left rib and compressing the spinal cord. on ct, the bone destruction and sequestrum were shown. on mri, the multilobulated mass appeared hypo- to isointense in t1-weighted and hyperintense in t2-weighted images. the tiger died after imaging, most likely from renal failure. chordoma without met ... | 2015 | 25754498 |
| genetic ancestry of the extinct javan and bali tigers. | the bali (panthera tigris balica) and javan (p. t. sondaica) tigers are recognized as distinct tiger subspecies that went extinct in the 1940s and 1980s, respectively. yet their genetic ancestry and taxonomic status remain controversial. following ancient dna procedures, we generated concatenated 1750bp mtdna sequences from 23 museum samples including 11 voucher specimens from java and bali and compared these to diagnostic mtdna sequences from 122 specimens of living tiger subspecies and the ext ... | 2017 | 25754539 |
| [fighting mosquitoes in the netherlands: risks and control of exotic mosquitoes]. | mosquitoes play a significant role globally in the transmission of so-called vector-borne diseases. in the netherlands, native mosquitoes are capable of transmitting infectious disease. this has not resulted in outbreaks of disease over the last 50 years. the establishment of exotic mosquito species could pose risks to public health, especially in the case of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus). several organisations are working together to prevent the establishment of exotic mosquitoes ... | 2015 | 25761288 |
| chordoma of the thoracic vertebrae in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris). | a 19-year-old female bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) was presented with hind limb weakness, ataxia and respiratory distress. computed tomography revealed a mass between the left side of the t7 vertebra and the base of the left 7th rib. the tiger then died, and necropsy was performed. grossly, the vertebral mass was 6 × 5.7 × 3 cm, and invaded the adjacent vertebral bone and compressed the t7 spinal cord. histologically, the mass was composed of large, clear, vacuolated and polygonal cells ... | 2015 | 25766770 |