Publications

hair mercury concentrations in the spotted seal (phoca largha) pups from the sea of japan.	this publication presents the results of a study of the total mercury (thg) concentration in the fetal hair (lanugo) of the young spotted seals inhabiting the peter the great bay, sea of japan. we analyzed samples from pups that were collected in 2014-2017 at the seal breeding grounds. the concentration of total mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. the concentration of thg ranged from 1.52 to 6.68 μg/g dry weight. mercury concentration in the lanugo exceeds that found in the ...	2018	30022391
predator odour but not tmt induces 22-khz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats that lead to defensive behaviours in conspecifics upon replay.	predator odours induce defensive behaviour in prey animals such as rats. the present study investigated (1) whether laboratory rats exposed to predator odours emit 22-khz calls which may have an alarming function and (2) whether playback of such calls induces behavioural changes in conspecifics. for this, sprague-dawley rats were exposed to samples of fox and lion urine, as well as to the synthetic predator odour tmt. despite that all odours induced defensive behaviour, only predator urine sampl ...	2018	30038341
natural and anthropogenic drivers of cub recruitment in a large carnivore.	recruitment is a critical parameter governing population dynamics and influences population persistence. understanding the drivers of recruitment is therefore important for conservation, especially for long-lived mammals such as large carnivores, which have low reproductive rates, rendering them prone to extinction. using cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) as a model species, i investigated the variation in cub recruitment in relation to habitat and the abundance of tourists and predators. per litter, ...	2018	30038771
an outbreak of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis infection in a pack of english foxhounds (2016-2017).	mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis (tb) in social mammals including lions, cattle and man, but canine infections are considered rare. in 2016/17 we investigated a m. bovis tb outbreak in a pack of approximately 180 foxhounds within the bovine tb edge area of england. we employed a combination of immunological tests including an interferon gamma release assay (igra) and a serological assay (dpp vettb, chembio). test-positive hounds were euthanased and subjected to post-mortem examination ...	2018	30058193
mechanics of the limbs of the walrus (odobenus rosmarus) and the california sea lion (zalophus californianus).	moment arms and cross-sectional areas of muscles from the forelimbs and hind limbs of odobenus and zalophus were used to estimate relative torques associated with several locomotor movements. odobenus uses predominantly the hind limbs for aquatic propulsion, while zalophus only uses the forelimbs. torques contributing to locomotor movements used during the power and recovery strokes were substantially greater for the hind limbs of odobenus and for the forelimbs of zalophus. apparently, the linea ...	1983	30060637
detection of simonsiella spp. in the vagina of lions and leopard in oestrus.	reports of the vaginal flora of wild cats such as lions or leopards are scarce. the micro-organisms most commonly found in the vagina of clinically healthy cats are aerobic bacteria such as coagulase-negative staphylococcus, streptococcus canis, and escherichia coli. simonsiella spp are large gram-negative bacteria belonging to the neisseriaceae family, typically found in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of many species. to date, there are no reports of the detection of simonsiella sp ...	2018	30066407
causes of morbidity in captive african lions (panthera leo) in north america, 2001-2016.	the lion (panthera leo) is an iconic resident of zoos and wild animal parks throughout the world. regular assessment of the morbidity of captive lions is necessary to address wellness concerns and improve the healthcare and management of this vulnerable species. in an effort to understand disease morbidity broadly and guide future inquiries into captive lion health, we distributed a questionnaire that emphasized diseases of organ systems rather than individual diagnoses. we sent the questionnair ...	2018	30070397
characterizing estrus by trans-abdominal ultrasounds, fecal estrone-3-glucuronide, and vaginal cytology in the steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus).	the ability to monitor the estrus cycle in wild and captive marine species is important for identifying reproductive failures, ensuring a successful breeding program, and monitoring animal welfare. minimally invasive sampling methods to monitor estrus in captive populations have been developed, but results suggest these tools can be species-specific in their precision and accuracy. therefore, the minimally invasive sampling methods of trans-abdominal ultrasounds, a fecal steroid analysis (estron ...	2018	30081245
motion-triggered video cameras reveal spatial and temporal patterns of red fox foraging on carrion provided by mountain lions.	carrion is a rich, ephemeral resource vital to biodiversity and ecosystem health. in temperate ecosystems in which cold temperatures and snowfall influence the accessibility and availability of small prey and seasonal mast crops, carrion may also be a limiting resource for mesocarnivores like red foxes (vulpes vulpes), which are too small to predate ungulates. using motion-triggered video cameras and generalized linear mixed models, we studied the spatial and temporal patterns of red fox scaveng ...	2018	30083459
climatically driven changes in primary production propagate through trophic levels.	climate and land-use change are the major drivers of global biodiversity loss. their effects are particularly acute for wide-ranging consumers, but little is known about how these factors interact to affect the abundance of large carnivores and their herbivore prey. we analyzed population densities of a primary and secondary consumer (mule deer, odocoileus hemionus, and mountain lion, puma concolor) across a climatic gradient in western north america by combining satellite-based maps of plant pr ...	2018	30088318
influence of deep water formation by open-sea convection on the transport of low hydrophobicity organic pollutants in the nw mediterranean sea.	the significance of the offshore vertical convection currents in the transport and sinking of water-soluble organic pollutants into marine deep basins has been evaluated. for this purpose, sediment cores were collected in the gulf of lion (gol) at sites between 26 and 2330 m water depth. the top core layers were analyzed for aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds. organic compounds with logkaw (air water partition coefficient) between -2 and -4, e.g. lindane, pcb 28, pc ...	2019	30092515
regional and age-related variations in haptoglobin concentrations in steller sea lions ( eumetopias jubatus) from alaska, usa.	varying concentrations of the highly conserved acute phase response protein, haptoglobin, can indicate changes to the health and disease status of mammals, including the steller sea lion (ssl; eumetopias jubatus). to better understand factors relating to acute phase response in ssls, circulating haptoglobin concentrations (hp) were quantified in plasma collected from 1,272 individuals sampled near rookeries and haulouts off the coast of alaska, us. we compared hp in ssls between sexes and among ...	2019	30096032
enhanced quantification of serum immunoglobulin g from a non-model wildlife species, the steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus), using a protein a elisa.	immunoglobulins (ig) are proteins that preserve immune homeostasis and are quantified to infer changes to the acquired humoral immune response in mammals. measuring ig in non-model wildlife for immune surveillance often requires ingenuity, and rigorous standardization of methodologies to provide reliable results especially when lacking species-specific reagents. we modified and optimized existing elisa methodology utilizing the binding properties of staphylococcus-derived protein a (prta) to imm ...	2018	30099015
energy efficient management of pipelines in buildings using linear wireless sensor networks.	the efficient and safe management of air conditioner (ac), piped natural gas (png) and water pipelines in large buildings is a major challenge for the safety of these buildings. in recent years, linear wireless sensor networks (lwsn) are being used extensively for monitoring of long natural gas, water, and oil pipelines. lwsns can also be used for efficient and safe management of ac, png and water pipelines in large buildings. in this paper, a scheme for optimal placement of sensors and base sta ...	2018	30103372
the metabolic roles of free amino acids during seed development.	amino acids play vital roles in the central metabolism of seeds. they are primarily utilized for the synthesis of seed-storage proteins, but also serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and as a source of energy. here, we aimed at describing the knowledge accumulated in recent years describing the changes occurring in the contents of free amino acids (faas) during seed development. since several essential amino acids are found in low levels in seeds (e.g., lys, met, thr ...	2018	30107877
proteomic analysis of urine from california sea lions ( zalophus californianus): a resource for urinary biomarker discovery.	urinary markers for the assessment of kidney diseases in wild animals are limited, in part, due to the lack of urinary proteome data, especially for marine mammals. one of the most prevalent kidney diseases in marine mammals is caused by leptospira interrogans, which is the second most common etiology linked to stranding of california sea lions ( zalophus californianus). urine proteins from 11 sea lions with leptospirosis kidney disease and eight sea lions without leptospirosis or kidney disease ...	2018	30113852
reply to roberts et al.: faith in no fishery impact on new zealand sea lions based on misunderstandings and unsubstantiated claims.		2018	30135102
no evidence of cryptic bycatch causing new zealand sea lion population decline.		2018	30135103
intestinal parasites in galapagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki) sivertsen, 1953 on san cristóbal island, galápagos, ecuador.	knowledge regarding endoparasites of galapagos sea lions, zalophus wollebaeki sivertsen, 1953, is limited to 1 report. herein, we examined feces extracted from the lower gastro-intestinal tract of 15 galapagos sea lions (gsl) plus 14 fecal mounds nearby gsl at 4 locations on san cristobal island, galapagos beginning in may continuing through june 2016. using standard fecal flotation and sedimentation techniques, lungworm larvae, suggestive of parafilaroides and otostrongylus sp., eggs of pseudop ...	2018	30141720
escape the bear and fall to the lion: the impact of avoidance availability on threat acquisition and extinction.	pervasive avoidance behaviour is a core feature of anxiety disorders. however, little is known about how the availability of avoidance modulates learned threat responding. to assess this question, we recorded avoidance behaviour, electrodermal activity and expectancy ratings in 53 healthy participants during an associative learning paradigm with embedded unavoidable and avoidable trials. when avoidance was available, we observed greater avoidance behaviour for threat versus safety cues, as well ...	2018	30144498
resolving a conservation dilemma: vulnerable lions eating endangered zebras.	when predators are removed or suppressed for generations, prey populations tend to increase and when predators are re-introduced, prey densities should fall back to pre-control levels. in cases of apparent competition where there are alternate abundant and rare prey species, rare species may decline further than expected or disappear altogether. recently, concern about the impact of recovering predator populations on wildlife in laikipia county, kenya, has led to questions of whether lions (pant ...	2018	30157200
long-term demographic and genetic effects of releasing captive-born individuals into the wild.	because of continued habitat destruction and species extirpations, the need to use captive breeding for conservation purposes has been increasing steadily. however, the long-term demographic and genetic effects associated with releasing captive-born individuals with varied life histories into the wild remain largely unknown. to address this question, we developed forward-time, agent-based models for 4 species with long-running captive-breeding and release programs: coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisu ...	2019	30168872
trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the wild and its most important reservoir hosts in brazil.	trypanosoma cruzi (kinetoplastea: trypanosomatidae) infects all tissues of its hosts, which along with humans, include hundreds of mammalian species in the americas. the epidemiology of t. cruzi has been changing in that currently the majority of the cases and/or outbreaks of chagas disease occur by the ingestion of comestibles contaminated by t. cruzi metacyclic forms. these cases/outbreaks occur in distinct regional scenarios, mainly in the amazon biome and are related to the local interaction ...	2018	30189896
molecular and morphologic identification of spirometra ranarum found in the stool of african lion, panthera leo in the serengeti plain of tanzania.	the present study was performed with morphological and molecular analysis (cox1 and nad1 mitochondrial genes) to identify the proglottids of spirometrid tapeworm found in the stool of an african lion, panthera leo, in the serengeti plain of tanzania. a strand of tapeworm strobila, about 75 cm in length, was obtained in the stool of a male african lion in the serengeti national park (34˚ 50' e, 02˚ 30' s), tanzania, in february 2012. the morphological features of the adult worm examined exhibited ...	2018	30196672
nutrient evaluation of a pork by-product and its use as environmental enrichment for managed large exotic cats.	north american zoological institutions typically feed ground raw meat diets to large exotic cats. these diets typically are nutritionally complete, but lack physical properties characteristic of whole prey. lack of mastication and prey manipulation may contribute to behavioral and health challenges. pork by-products may provide environmental enrichment to mitigate these challenges. the objectives of this study were to evaluate a pig head for nutritional composition and to determine if a pig head ...	2018	30208036
gastric dilatation and enterotoxemia in ten captive felids.	case description 10 large felids at 8 facilities were determined or suspected to have developed gastric dilatation with or without enterotoxemia over a 20-year period. four felids were found dead with no premonitory signs. clinical findings 4 felids (2 male snow leopards [uncia uncia], 1 male amur tiger [panthera tigris altaica], and 1 male sumatran tiger [panthera tigris sumatrae]) were found dead or died before they could be evaluated. six felids had hematemesis (1 male and 1 female african li ...	2018	30211645
parotid carcinoma in a free-ranging california sea lion ( zalophus californianus).	a free-ranging juvenile california sea lion ( zalophus californianus) stranded on the coast of vancouver, british columbia, with signs of lethargy and emaciation in april 2016. an asymmetrical skull with a prominent superficial cervical lymph node was found on initial assessment. fine-needle aspirates and biopsies of the lymph node were consistent with neoplasia and the animal was humanely euthanized and presented for necropsy. a metastatic parotid gland adenocarcinoma was diagnosed with regiona ...	2018	30212325
mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia in a juvenile california sea lion ( zalophus californianus).	a juvenile female california sea lion ( zalophus californianus) presented with a firm subcutaneous mass in the right caudoventral pelvic region, measuring approximately 15 × 15 cm, and edema in the right hind flipper. the initial diagnostic workup included an ultrasound, blood analysis, and fine-needle aspirate of the mass under manual restraint. while the blood analysis was within normal limits, the ultrasound revealed a large discrete hyperechoic homogeneous mass with anastomosing hypoechoic f ...	2018	30212341
evaluation of the ophthalmic disease and histopathologic effects due to the ocular trematode philophthalmus zalophi on juvenile galapagos sea lions ( zalophus wollebaeki).	the galapagos sea lion ( zalophus wollebaeki) is an otariid species endemic to the galapagos archipelago and is currently listed as endangered. the ocular trematode philophthalmus zalophi was recently reported to affect the survival of juvenile galapagos sea lions on santa cruz island, resulting in marked ophthalmic changes. this study evaluated the ophthalmic disease and histopathologic effects of p. zalophi on juvenile galapagos sea lions in the largest rookery located on san cristóbal island. ...	2018	30212353
characterizing conflict between humans and big cats panthera spp: a systematic review of research trends and management opportunities.	conservation of big cats (panthera spp.), a taxonomic group including tigers, lions, jaguars, leopards and snow leopards, is a daunting challenge. as expanding human populations across panthera range countries exacerbate competition for land and prey, conflicts between humans and big cats are inevitable. through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published from 1991 to 2014 and indexed in web of science and google scholar (186 articles), our study explored the current state of k ...	2018	30226894
metazoan parasites of california sea lions (zalophus californianus): a new data and review.	the population of california sea lion zalophus californianus (csl) has steadily increased during the last several decades. despite extensive research addressing csl biology and ecology performed during the last decades, there has been a minimal number of published papers documenting their parasite fauna. our objective was to analyze the actual list of the metazoan parasites reported from csls and add new data on the age-related differences in the prevalence and biodiversity of the parasite commu ...	2018	30228958
spontaneous retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a free-ranging juvenile golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas).	malignant adipocytic neoplasia is rare among nonhuman primates. we report the gross and microscopic features of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma with myxofibrosarcoma-like dedifferentiation in a free-ranging juvenile golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas). to our knowledge, this is the first report of such tumor subtype in new world primates.	2019	30230546
molecular detection of borrelia burgdorferi in free-living golden headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas) in rio de janeiro, brazil.		2018	30231164
effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) on california sea lion (zalophus californianus) lymphocyte functions upon in vitro exposure.	polychorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners are a cause for concern due to their persistence in the environment, their lipophilic properties that cause them to bio-accumulate in top predators, and their adverse effects on mammalian health. for example, the common urogenital carcinoma reported in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) (csl) is associated with high tissue levels of pcbs, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown. this study investigated the effect of expos ...	2018	30236520
the illusion of choice: an exploratory study looking at the top 10 food companies in australia and their brand connections.	to identify the brands owned by each of the 10 top grossing food companies operating in australia and visually represent them on an infographic.	2018	30238678
a modified case definition to facilitate essential hospital care during ebola outbreaks.	during the late phase of the large west-african ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak, the majority of patients were cared for in designated treatment centers. however, the preexisting healthcare infrastructure was already overwhelmed by the outbreak. this had a huge impact on other, non-evd-related diseases, causing an unprecedented increase in morbidity and mortality, which most likely exceeded the toll due to evd directly. consequently, a crucial question is how to provide appropriate healthcare ...	2019	30239602
beyond the numbers: human attitudes and conflict with lions (panthera leo) in and around gambella national park, ethiopia.	human-lion conflict is one of the leading threats to lion populations and while livestock loss is a source of conflict, the degree to which livestock depredation is tolerated by people varies between regions and across cultures. knowledge of local attitudes towards lions and identification of drivers of human-lion conflict can help formulate mitigation measures aimed at promoting coexistence of humans with lions. we assessed locals' attitudes towards lions in and around gambella national park an ...	2018	30252886
zebra diel migrations reduce encounter risk with lions at night.	diel migrations (dm; back and forth diel movements along an ecological gradient) undertaken by prey to avoid predators during the day have been demonstrated in many taxa in aquatic ecosystems. in terrestrial ecosystems, prey often shift between various vegetation types whose cover determine their vulnerability (i.e., likelihood of being killed when attacked). we conceptualized that in terrestrial ecosystems, dm could also occur and that the contribution of dm and shifts in vegetation cover use i ...	2019	30280384
population genetic structure of an endangered endemic primate (leontopithecus chrysomelas) in a highly fragmented atlantic coastal rain forest.	this study evaluated the genetic structure of wild populations of the endangered primate, leontopithecus chrysomelas. we tested the assumption that populations of l. chrysomelas, given their larger population size and a higher degree of habitat continuity, would have higher genetic diversity and less genetic structuring than other lion tamarins. we used 11 microsatellites and 122 hair samples from different locations to assess their genetic diversity and genetic structure, and to make inferences ...	2018	30286480
distinct predatory behaviors in scimitar- and dirk-toothed sabertooth cats.	over the cenozoic, large cat-like forms have convergently evolved into specialized killers of "megaherbivores" that relied on their large, and laterally compressed (saber-like) canines to rapidly subdue their prey [1-5]. scimitar- and dirk-toothed sabertooths are distinct ecomorphs that differ in canine tooth length, degree of serration, and postcranial features indicative of dissimilar predatory behavior [6-13]. despite these differences, it is assumed that they used a similar "canine-shear" bi ...	2018	30293717
ticks in the lion city: a preliminary review of the tick fauna of singapore.	to this day, the tick fauna of singapore remains poorly known. although several studies of select species have been undertaken within singapore, much of the information regarding singaporean ticks is fragmentary. to facilitate future study of this group, the scattered information on singaporean ticks is synthesised in the present work and includes a preliminary checklist of species reported to occur in singapore, which comprised 14 species in 5 genera, with confirmed records of argas pusillus, a ...	2018	30298228
trace metal concentrations in the muscle of seven marine species: comparison between the gulf of lions (north-west mediterranean sea) and the bay of biscay (north-east atlantic ocean).	concentrations of 6 trace metals (ag, cd, cu, ni, pb, zn) in the muscle of 2 sharks (galeus melastomus and scyliorhinus canicula), 4 teleosts (helicolenus dactylopterus, lepidorhombus boscii, micromesistius poutassou and phycis blennoides) and 1 crustacean (nephrops norvegicus) were compared between the bay of biscay (atlantic ocean) and the gulf of lions (mediterranean sea). although average concentrations and the trace element pollution index were generally higher in the gulf of lions, signifi ...	2018	30301113
vibrissa growth rate in california sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations.	pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. in this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from san esteban island in the gulf of california, mexico. the δ15n and δ13c values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determ ...	2018	30304057
lion lbd: a literature-based discovery system for cancer biology.	the overwhelming size and rapid growth of the biomedical literature make it impossible for scientists to read all studies related to their work, potentially leading to missed connections and wasted time and resources. literature-based discovery (lbd) aims to alleviate these issues by identifying implicit links between disjoint parts of the literature. while lbd has been studied in depth since its introduction three decades ago, there has been limited work making use of recent advances in biomedi ...	2019	30304355
deceased-infant carrying in nonhuman anthropoids: insights from systematic analysis and case studies of bonnet macaques (macaca radiata) and lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus).	existing models of attachment do not explain how death of offspring affects maternal behavior. previous descriptions of maternal responsiveness to dead offspring in nonhuman anthropoids have not expounded the wide variation of deceased-infant carrying (dic) behavior. through the current study, we attempt to (a) identify determinants of dic through a systematic survey across anthropoids, (b) quantitatively assess behavioral changes of mother during dic, and (c) infer death perception of conspecif ...	2019	30307263
trichinella spiralis in a south american sea lion (otaria flavescens) from patagonia, argentina.	trichinella spp. from a sylvatic cycle has been found in several animal species such as pumas (puma concolor), armadillos (chaetophractus villosus), rats (rattus norvegicus), and wild boars (sus scrofa) in argentina. moreover, trichinella infection has been detected in a wide range of marine mammals around the world, including polar bears (ursus maritimus) and walruses (odobenus rosmarus). until the present time, trichinella spp. infection has not been detected in marine mammals of south america ...	2018	30334078
more than $1 billion needed annually to secure africa's protected areas with lions.	protected areas (pas) play an important role in conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services, yet their effectiveness is undermined by funding shortfalls. using lions (panthera leo) as a proxy for pa health, we assessed available funding relative to budget requirements for pas in africa's savannahs. we compiled a dataset of 2015 funding for 282 state-owned pas with lions. we applied three methods to estimate the minimum funding required for effective conservation of lions, and calcul ...	2018	30348785
mouth gape determines the response of marine top predators to long-term fishery-induced changes in food web structure.	here, we analyse changes throughout time in the isotopic niche of the franciscana dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei), the south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis) and the south american sea lion (otaria flavescens) from the río de la plata estuary and adjacent atlantic ocean to test the hypothesis that fishing may modify the diet of small-gape predators by reducing the average size of prey. the overall evidence, from stable isotope and stomach contents analyses, reveals major changes in r ...	2018	30361482
helminth and respiratory mite lesions in pinnipeds from punta san juan, peru.	the tissues and parasites collected from peruvian fur seals (arctocephalus australis) and south american sea lions (otaria byronia) found dead at punta san juan, peru were examined. the respiratory mite, orthohalarachne attenuata infected 3 out of 32 examined fur seals and 3 out of 8 examined sea lions, however caused moderate to severe lymphohistiocytic pharyngitis only in fur seals. hookworms, uncinaria sp, infected 6 of the 32 examined fur seals causing variable degrees of hemorrhagic and eos ...	2018	30367764
dna barcodes of antipode marine invertebrates in bay of biscay and gulf of lion ports suggest new biofouling challenges.	marine biological invasions threaten global biodiversity nowadays. in this article, we have studied fouling communities from 10 port areas of south bay of biscay (atlantic ocean) and gulf of lion (mediterranean sea). a total of 834 individuals were genetically barcoded and corresponded to 95 different species. a total of 76 native species 8 genera and 1 family were identified, 58 from the bay of biscay and 23 from the gulf of lion. furthermore, 19 species were identified as non-indigenous or cry ...	2018	30385812
using accelerometers to develop time-energy budgets of wild fur seals from captive surrogates.	accurate time-energy budgets summarise an animal's energy expenditure in a given environment, and are potentially a sensitive indicator of how an animal responds to changing resources. deriving accurate time-energy budgets requires an estimate of time spent in different activities and of the energetic cost of that activity. bio-loggers (e.g., accelerometers) may provide a solution for monitoring animals such as fur seals that make long-duration foraging trips. using low resolution to record beha ...	2018	30386705
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of enterococcus species isolated from different clinical samples at black lion specialized teaching hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia.	enterococci which are parts of the normal intestinal flora are opportunistic human pathogens. their increasing importance is largely due to their resistance to antimicrobials. so the aim this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial pattern of enterococcus spp.	2018	30400980
a mass burial of fossil lions (carnivora, felidae, panthera (leo) ex gr. fossilis-spelaea) from eurasia.	the vertebrate fauna from the cave deposits in imanai cave in the southern urals (53°02' n, 56°26'e) has been studied. it contains 715 bones that belonged to at least 11 individuals of fossil lion (panthera (leo) ex gr. fossilis-spelaea). it has been established that this is one of the largest eurasian burial sites of fossil lions. the bones were accumulated due to the natural death of animals inside the cave. the age and sex estimations have shown that at least six adult males and five adult fe ...	2018	30402757
a genome-wide data assessment of the african lion (panthera leo) population genetic structure and diversity in tanzania.	the african lion (panthera leo), listed as a vulnerable species on the iucn red list of threatened species (appendix ii of cites), is mainly impacted by indiscriminate killing and prey base depletion. additionally, habitat loss by land degradation and conversion has led to the isolation of some subpopulations, potentially decreasing gene flow and increasing inbreeding depression risks. genetic drift resulting from weakened connectivity between strongholds can affect the genetic health of the spe ...	2018	30403704
exploring multi-use potentials in the euro-mediterranean sea space.	european seas are experiencing rapid development. the anthropogenic demand for marine resources and space exerts the need for novel concepts for sustainable resource exploitation and smart space allocation. multi-use (mu) is an emerging concept to overcome spatial claims and support blue growth, however its actual potentials and current status of implementation in different sea basins is to a large extent unexplored. an analytical framework using a mixed method approach is proposed for the ident ...	2019	30414590
domoic acid in california sea lion fetal fluids indicates continuous exposure to a neuroteratogen poses risks to mammals.	domoic acid (da) is a neuroexcitotoxic amino acid that is naturally produced by some species of marine diatoms during harmful algal blooms (habs). the toxin is transferred through the food web from plantivorous fish and shellfish to marine mammals resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. due to the timing and location of da producing habs, it is well documented that pregnant female california sea lions (csl) are regularly exposed to da through their diet thereby posing exposure risks to ...	2018	30420016
back to the future? late holocene marine food web structure in a warm climatic phase as a predictor of trophodynamics in a warmer south-western atlantic ocean.	stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the skeletal elements of both ancient and modern marine species from the beagle channel were used to compare the structure of late holocene and modern food webs, and predict potential changes as a result of a sea surface temperature (sst) increase in the region. complementary, ancient and modern shells of limpets and mussels were isotopically analysed to explore changes in the isotopic baseline and compare marine food webs through time after an approp ...	2019	30430698
deciphering the evolutionary signatures of pinnipeds using novel genome sequences: the first genomes of phoca largha, callorhinus ursinus, and eumetopias jubatus.	the pinnipeds, which comprise seals, sea lions, and walruses, are a remarkable group of marine animals with unique adaptations to semi-aquatic life. however, their genomes are poorly characterized. in this study, we sequenced and characterized the genomes of three pinnipeds (phoca largha, callorhinus ursinus, and eumetopias jubatus), focusing on site-wise sequence changes. we detected rapidly evolving genes in pinniped lineages and substitutions unique to pinnipeds associated with amphibious sou ...	2018	30442995
cats use hollow papillae to wick saliva into fur.	the cat tongue is covered in sharp, rear-facing spines called papillae, the precise function of which is a mystery. in this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed film, grooming force measurements, and computed tomography (ct) scanning to elucidate the mechanism by which papillae are used to groom fur. we examine the tongues of six species of cats from domestic cat to lion, spanning 30-fold in body weight. the papillae of these cats each feature a hollow cavity at the tip ...	2018	30455290
a survey of emergency medicine and orthopaedic physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the use of peripheral nerve blocks.	peripheral nerve blocks (also known as regional anaesthesia) are currently used by many anaesthesiologists and emergency physicians for perioperative and procedural pain management.	2017	30456113
performance of the tuberculin skin test in mycobacterium bovis-exposed and -unexposed african lions (panthera leo).	lion (panthera leo) populations, classified as vulnerable under the international union for conservation of nature red list of threatened species, are facing a variety of threats, including tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis. the lack of knowledge on pathogenesis and diagnosis of tb, the prolonged course of the disease, the existence of subclinical infection, and nonspecific clinical signs hamper management of tb in both free-ranging and captive lion populations. early and accurate ...	2019	30485165
morphology of the lingual papillae of the lion-tailed macaque.	we microscopically examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus). the tongue of the chimpanzee was about 13 cm long. filiform papillae on the lingual apex consisted of several pointed processes. there were dome-shaped fungiform papillae scattered among the filiform papillae. the connective tissue cores of those filiform papillae consisted of processes of various size, while these of the fungiform papillae had several ditches. the vallate papilla was surroun ...	2018	30504649
coxiella burnetii in wild mammals: a systematic review.	coxiella burnetii is a multi-host bacterium that causes q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. the ecology of c. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. this study gathers current published information on different aspects of c. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill ...	2019	30506629
a ghost fence-gap: surprising wildlife usage of an obsolete fence crossing.	wildlife fencing has become more prevalent throughout africa, although it has come with a price of increased habitat fragmentation and loss of habitat connectivity. in an effort to increase connectivity, managers of fenced conservancies can place strategic gaps along the fences to allow wildlife access to outside habitat, permitting exploration, dispersal and seasonal migration. wildlife can become accustomed to certain movement pathways and can show fidelity to these routes over many years, eve ...	2018	30515359
clinical course of dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients followed by cardiac remote monitoring: insights from the lion registry.	patients receiving dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (dr-icd) therapy are at risk of developing atrial arrhythmia because of the increased rate of ventricular pacing and the progression of heart failure. remote monitoring (rm) may identify the patients at highest risk of adverse events such as atrial arrhythmias. a total of 283 patients with 91,632 remote transmissions during a 15-month follow-up (fu) period enrolled in the lion registry were analysed. the parameters retrieved ...	2018	30519574
characteristic "neck collar" injuries in australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) caused by marine debris.	an adult male australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) presented with a deep, almost circumferential, incised wound around the neck caused by a noose formed by a single strand of green nylon rope. the wound extended 4-5 cm deeply through the skin and blubber into skeletal muscle, predominantly on the dorsal surface and left side, but had not involved the airway or major vessels. the edges of the wound were sharply incised and oozing blood with a granulating infected base. the rope was removed and ...	2019	30519985
hematological evaluation of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas) from an urban atlantic forest.	the atlantic forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease-transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. for these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses.	2019	30520041
morphological and molecular evidence for synonymy of corynosoma obtuscens lincicome, 1943 with corynosoma australe johnston, 1937 (acanthocephala: polymorphidae).	corynosoma obtuscens lincicome, 1943 (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) is synonymised with corynosoma australe johnston, 1937 based on combined morphological and molecular evidence. morphological comparison of c. obtuscens (24 males and 27 females) collected from a california sea lion zalophus californianus (lesson) in california, usa, with the type-specimens of c. obtuscens and c. australe, and with published data on c. australe collected from different hosts and regions showed no significant dif ...	2019	30523614
draft whole-genome sequences of seven isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from new zealand sea lions.	klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium that may cause infection in a broad range of hosts. we report here the genome sequences of seven k. pneumoniae isolates from new zealand sea lions.	2018	30533818
new skeletal material sheds light on the palaeobiology of the pleistocene marsupial carnivore, thylacoleo carnifex.	the extinct marsupial 'lion' thylacoleo carnifex was australia's largest mammalian carnivore. despite being the topic of more discussion than any other extinct australian marsupial (excepting perhaps the thylacine), basic aspects of its palaeobiology, including its locomotory repertoire, remain poorly understood. recent discoveries allowed the first reconstruction of an entire skeleton including the first complete tail and hitherto-unrecognised clavicles. here we describe these elements and re-a ...	2018	30540785
the demography of the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) in rain forest fragments in the anamalai hills, south india.	we examined demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation in the lion-tailed macaque in the anamalai hills in southern western ghats. the parameters examined were group size, age/sex composition, and birth rate, in relation to various habitat parameters. demographic parameters were estimated for 11 groups in 8 rain forest fragments, during january to may 1996. area, tree density, canopy cover, canopy height, and tree basal area were estimated for these fragments. as fragment area decreased, ...	2000	30545164
running on empty: recharge dynamics from animal movement data.	vital rates such as survival and recruitment have always been important in the study of population and community ecology. at the individual level, physiological processes such as energetics are critical in understanding biomechanics and movement ecology and also scale up to influence food webs and trophic cascades. although vital rates and population-level characteristics are tied with individual-level animal movement, most statistical models for telemetry data are not equipped to provide infere ...	2019	30548152
comparison of tri-folded and scroll-based graft viability in preloaded descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.	to compare corneal endothelial damage associated with 2 techniques for preloaded descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (dmek): a tri-folded graft stored in a plastic cartridge designed for dmek and a scrolled graft stored in a modified jones tube, at the time of preparation and after shipping.	2019	30550395
repetitive levosimendan treatment in the management of advanced heart failure.	inotropes may be an appropriate treatment for patients with advanced heart failure (adhf) who remain highly symptomatic despite optimized standard therapies. objectives for inotrope use in these situations include relief of symptoms and improvement of quality of life, and reduction in unplanned hospitalizations and the costs associated with such episodes. all of these goals must be attained without compromising survival. encouraging findings with intermittent cycles of intravenous levosimendan h ...	2018	30555280
a pilot study evaluating the utility of commercially available antibodies for flow cytometric analysis of panthera species lymphocytes.	the immune response against tuberculosis in lions is still poorly defined and our understanding is hampered by the lack of lion specific reagents. the process for producing antibodies against a specific antigen is laborious and not available to many research laboratories. as the search for antibody cross-reactivity is an important strategy for immunological studies in veterinary medicine, we have investigated the use of commercially available antibodies to characterize t cell subsets in african ...	2018	30567560
tb hits asiatic lions at two uk zoos.		2018	30573570
spatial distribution, movements, and geographic range of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska.	the two stocks of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska include an endangered western stock, recently recovering in parts of its range following decades of decline, and an eastern stock which was removed from the u.s. endangered species list in 2013 following increasing numbers since the 1970s. information on overlapping distributions of eastern and western sea lions is needed for management considerations. we analyzed >30,000 sightings collected from 2000-2014 of 2,385 sea lions that ...	2018	30586412
comparing the effect of spinal and general anaesthesia for pre-eclamptic mothers who underwent caesarean delivery in a tertiary, addis ababa, ethiopia.	opinions are controversial regarding the use of general and spinal anesthesia in pre-eclamptic mothers undergoing caesarean section. some studies recommended avoiding spinal anesthesia in pre-eclamptic patients because of concern for sudden severe hypotension, while other studies support the use of spinal anesthesia as first choice reasoning less post-operative morbidity and mortality. this study aims to compare maternal outcome among pre-eclamptic women undergone caesarian delivery under genera ...	2018	30607057
transmission of corynosoma australe (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from fishes to south american sea lions otaria flavescens in patagonia, argentina.	acanthocephalans display a two-host life cycle that involves arthropods as intermediate hosts and vertebrates as definitive hosts. some species also use paratenic hosts to bridge the trophic gap between both obligatory hosts. however, the relative role of these paratenic hosts in the transmission to definitive hosts has seldom been assessed quantitatively. we report on infection patterns of cystacanths of corynosoma australe johnston, 1937 in 20 common teleost species and the argentine shortfin ...	2019	30607605
food-offering calls in wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia): evidence for teaching behavior?	many animals emit calls in the presence of food, but researchers do not always know the function of these calls. evidence suggests that adult golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) use food-offering calls to teach juveniles which substrate (i.e., microhabitat) to forage on, or in, for food. however, we do not yet know whether juveniles learn from this aspect of the adults' behavior. here we examine whether juveniles learn to associate food-offering calls with a foraging substrate, as a st ...	2018	30613117
epidemiology of selected mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members in the czech republic in 2000-2016.	the paper concerns the epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) members except for m. tuberculosis in the czech republic in 2000 to 2016. m. bovis was confirmed in 18 patients. m. caprae was diagnosed in two patients in 2001 and 2016 and m. microti in one patient in 2007. m. africanum was detected in one hiv infected woman from nigeria in 2011. as regards animals, m. pinnipedii was isolated in 2009 from one southern sea lion (otaria flavescens) imported from germany. in 2002, m. ...	2019	30630322
a paradigm shift in eye banking: how new models are challenging the status quo.	this article presents a fact-based, direct approach in order to evaluate the strengths and short comings of both local eye banks and larger companies that have penetrated the market of eye donation. by taking a non-biased approach to the topic, the goal of this article is to create a platform, which furthers the discussion. we focus on sightlife and corneagen as well as local eye banks and how their models differ in terms of tissue procurement, distribution, and surgeon partnership.	2019	30643380
effect of iron deficiency anemia on hba1c in diabetic patients at tikur anbessa specialized teaching hospital, addis ababa ethiopia.	hemoglobin a1c (hba1c) is the predominant hemoglobin found in hba1 fractions. a1c assay is the recommended assay for diagnosing diabetes and any condition that changes red cell turnover such as iron deficiency anemia (ida), will lead to spurious a1c results. therefore, the present study was aimed at determining the effect of ida on hba1c in diabetic patients attending black lion specialized teaching hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia.	2019	30647919
comparative ecology of bartonella and brucella infections in wild carnivores.	phylogenetic sister clades bartonella and brucella within the order rhizobiales present some common biological characteristics as well as evident differences in adaptations to their mammalian reservoirs. we reviewed published data on bartonella and brucella infections in wild carnivores to compare the ecology of these bacteria in relatively similar host environments. arthropod vectors are the main mechanism for bartonella species transmission between mammalian hosts. the role of arthropods in tr ...	2018	30662899
apex marine predators and ocean health: proactive screening of halogenated organic contaminants reveals ecosystem indicator species.	despite decades-long bans on the production and use of certain chemicals, many halogenated organic compounds (hocs) are persistent and can bioaccumulate in the marine environment with the potential to cause physiological harm to marine fauna. highly lipid-rich tissue (e.g., marine mammal blubber) functions as a reservoir for hocs, and selecting ideal indicator species is a priority for retrospective and proactive screening efforts. we selected five marine mammal species as possible indicators fo ...	2019	30665094
performance of two portable blood glucose meters for measuring blood glucose concentration in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo).	objective to investigate the performance of a portable blood glucose meter (pbgm) designed for use in humans (hpbgm) and a pbgm designed for use in dogs and cats (vpbgm) when measuring blood glucose (bg) concentration in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). design method comparison and diagnostic accuracy study. samples 53 blood samples from tigers (n = 27) and lions (26). procedures bg concentration was measured with 2 identical hpbgms, 2 identical vpbgms, and a reference laborato ...	2019	30668239
evaluation of microclimates and assessment of thermal comfort of panthera leo in the masai mara national reserve, kenya.	quantifying comfort levels of lions within the masai mara national reserve in kenya is the main focus of this study. its discourse delineates step by step the process of quantifying comfort levels of lions within the mara. resource-efficient measures for humans in the built environment have long been developed through the creation of passive zones and modulated ventilation. in an analogous manner, new procedures are being adapted for creating optimized microclimates in natural game reserves. thi ...	2019	30680620
neoplasia in captive panthera species.	this retrospective study identified the spectrum of neoplasia diagnoses, prevalence rates and the contribution of neoplasia to death or humane destruction within panthera species housed at a large cat sanctuary. biopsy and necropsy reports from january 2002 to december 2017 were examined and histological material from cases diagnosed with neoplasia was reviewed. one hundred and sixty-eight neoplasms were diagnosed in 108 large felids: 70 tigers (panthera tigris), 26 lions (panthera leo), three l ...	2019	30691604
multispecies hierarchical modeling reveals variable responses of african carnivores to management alternatives.	carnivore communities face unprecedented threats from humans. yet, management regimes have variable effects on carnivores, where species may persist or decline in response to direct or indirect changes to the ecosystem. using a hierarchical multispecies modeling approach, we examined the effects of alternative management regimes (i.e., active vs. passive enforcement of regulations) on carnivore abundances and group sizes at both species and community levels in the masai mara national reserve, ke ...	2019	30694574
shifting faunal baselines through the quaternary revealed by cave fossils of eastern australia.	fossils from caves in the manning karst region, new south wales, australia have long been known, but until now have never been assessed for their palaeontological significance. here, we report on late quaternary faunal records from eight caves in the region. extinct pleistocene megafaunal taxa are recognised in two systems and include giant echidnas (tachyglossidae gen. et sp. indet.), devils (sarcophilus laniarius), koalas (phascolarctos stirtoni), marsupial 'lions' (thylacoleo carnifex), and k ...	2019	30697475
a clinical screening tool for objective and subjective cognitive disorders in multiple sclerosis.	cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (ms). deficits can affect attention, concentration, planning, and memory. they can have severe functional consequences in many domains. cognitive complaints are frequently associated with other confounding factors (fatigue, anxiety, depression, or treatment side effects). in most cases, cognitive assessment is proposed after a spontaneous complaint, but determining the extent of discomfort perceived by the patient, the influence of coexisting ...	2020	30703524
bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a young african lion (panthera leo).	an 18-month-old intact female lioness (panthera leo) was referred to the clinica veterinaria roma sud for evaluation of bilateral cataracts. phacoemulsification and implantation of +30 diopter intraocular lens (iol) were performed bilaterally. seven years after surgery, the iol remained centrally positioned and the patient had normal activity.	2019	30705456
behavior-specific habitat selection by african lions may promote their persistence in a human-dominated landscape.	co-occurrence with humans presents substantial risks for large carnivores, yet human-dominated landscapes are increasingly crucial to carnivore conservation as human land use continues to encroach on wildlife habitat. flexibility in large carnivore behavior may be a primary factor mediating coexistence with people, allowing carnivores to calibrate their activity and habitat use to the perceived level of human risk. however, our understanding of how large carnivores adjust the timing and location ...	2019	30714129
uremic lion face syndrome.	mineral bone disorder is a common feature of chronic kidney disease. lion face syndrome is rare complication of severe hyperparathyroidism in end-stage renal disease patients, which has been less commonly reported due to dialysis and medical treatment advances in the last decade. the early recognition of the characteristic facial deformity is crucial to prompt management and prevent severe disfigurement. the authors present a rare case of severe hyperparathyroidism presenting with lion face synd ...	2020	30720853
heterophyid trematodes (digenea) from penguins: a new species of ascocotyle looss, 1899, first description of metacercaria of ascocotyle (a.) patagoniensis hernández-orts et al. (2012), and first molecular data.	two species of heterophyid trematodes were found in the magellanic penguin, spheniscus magellanicus (forster), from patagonia, argentina. ascocotyle (ascocotyle) patagoniensis hernández-orts et al. (2012) is re-described based on new, properly fixed specimens (original material from south american sea lion, otaria flavescens shaw, was from frozen hosts). metacercariae of this species are reported and described for the first time from the heart of the silversides, odontesthes argentinensis (valen ...	2019	30723670
first report of ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of yacon in china.	yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) is an important cash crop in yunnan province, china. in 2003, yacon was introduced to yunnan province as a novelty root crop and as an experimental source of natural sugars; now more than 15 provinces cultivate the crop. yunnan is one of the major yacon producing areas of china, with up to 10,000 ha yielding up to 50,000 t of yacon, which is nearly half of the production in china. in april and may 2010, bacterial wilt of yacon was observed in the fields of lion m ...	2012	30727366
evidence of high exposure to toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging and captive african carnivores.	toxoplasma gondii is an ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite. mammals and birds are intermediate hosts and felid species are definitive hosts. in most human altered habitats the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. current knowledge of t. gondii infection in african ecosystems is limited. this study aimed to assess exposure to t. gondii in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem in east africa. carnivores can be infected by the consumption of tissue cysts when feeding on in ...	2019	30740303
the ethics of human⁻animal relationships and public discourse: a case study of lions bred for their bones.	conservation and natural resource management are increasingly attending the ethical elements of public decisions. ethical considerations are challenging, in part, because they typically require accounting for the moral consideration of various human and nonhuman forms of life, whose interests sometimes conflict (or seem to conflict). a valuable tool for such evaluations is the formal analysis of ethical arguments. an ethical argument is a collection of premises, logically interrelated, to yield ...	2019	30744079
pathology and molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium pinnipedii tuberculosis in native new zealand marine mammals.	mycobacterium pinnipedii causes tuberculosis in a number of pinniped species, and transmission to cattle and humans has been reported. the aims of this study were to: characterize the pathology and prevalence of tuberculosis in new zealand marine mammals; use molecular diagnostic methods to confirm and type the causal agent; and to explore relationships between type and host characteristics. tuberculosis was diagnosed in 30 pinnipeds and one cetacean. most affected pinnipeds had involvement of t ...	2019	30753243
three new races of the spinach downy mildew pathogen identified by a modified set of spinach differentials.	spinach downy mildew, caused by peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, is the most economically important disease of spinach worldwide. during the past few years, spinach cultivars resistant to the seven previously described races of p. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were observed to be severely affected by downy mildew in both the united states and the european union. four new isolates of p. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were collected from california and the netherlands and characterized based on disea ...	2007	30780741