Publications

growth and immunity conferred by a plasmodium falciparum temperature sensitive mutant in panamanian owl monkeys.	we have compared the growth of the wild type plasmodium falciparum strain honduras 1 and a previously isolated temperature sensitive mutant of it, ap1-16, in panamanian owl monkeys. we examined serially infected splenectomized and normal animals that were initially infected with cultured parasites that had been grown in a mixture of owl monkey and human erythrocytes. initial infections in splenectomized monkeys were marked by multiple recrudescences. the mutant grew less well than the wild type ...	1989	2658635
pharmacokinetics of intramuscular amopyroquin in healthy subjects and determination of a therapeutic regimen for plasmodium falciparum malaria.	the disposition of amopyroquin was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers after a single 2-mg/kg (body weight) intramuscular dose of amopyroquin base. the major form of the drug in plasma and in whole blood was nonmetabolized amopyroquin, and only very low levels of its primary amine derivative were detected. after a rapid absorption phase (15 min), levels in plasma declined, following a tri-exponential model with a terminal elimination half-life of 129.6 +/- 92.5 h. the apparent volume of distri ...	1989	2658783
[comparative efficacy of alternative treatments in plasmodium falciparum infections in zaire].	the in vivo sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum for chloroquine, quinine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine has been evaluated in 3 of 14 sentinel antimalarial drugs sensitivity surveillance centres between october 1986 and july 1987. children of less than five years old were treated with chloroquine at 25 mg/kg dose administered during 3 days, or with 140 mg/kg quinine base administered in a daily dose of 20 mg/kg during 7 consecutive days, or with one standard dose of 1/2 a pyrimethamine-sulfadoxi ...	1989	2658877
[production of sporozoites of human plasmodium in bobo-dioulasso (burkina faso)].	mass production of p. falciparum sporozoites requires an intensive production of mosquitoes and an experimental infection of this vector. a gambiae is the main vector of p. falciparum, and p. ovale in burkina. in the first part we study 3 factors interfering with breeding and experimental infection of this anopheline species. they are: insectarium temperature, pattern and rhythm of blood feeding. in the second part, we study "parasite", "host" and "mosquito" parameters which interfere with the y ...	1989	2658878
naturally occurring anti-band 3 autoantibodies recognize a high molecular weight protein on the surface of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes.	naturally occurring anti-band 3 autoantibodies bind to erythrocytes infected with a knobby variant of the human malaria plasmodium falciparum (fcr-3 strain). the autoantibodies recognized a greater than 240 kda protein in sds extracts made from surface iodinated infected erythrocytes. the antigen was associated only with erythrocytes infected with a knobby variant, and was removed by trypsin treatment of intact infected cells. by two-dimensional peptide map analysis the antigen was shown to be s ...	1989	2658993
plasmodium falciparum: an intervening sequence in the gbp 130/96 tr gene.	the 96 tr antigen is a heat stable protein produced during the late stages of the intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum and is released into the culture supernatant or the sera of infected patients at the time of schizont rupture. this antigen, identified as a putative protective antigen, was shown to be identical to the glycophorin-binding protein gbp 130 (perkins 1988, bonnefoy et al. 1988). we report here that the gene contains a small undescribed interve ...	1989	2659375
erythrocyte invasion by the malarial merozoite: recent advances.		1989	2659377
effector cells involved in nonspecific and antibody-dependent mechanisms directed against plasmodium falciparum blood stages in vitro.	we have evaluated in in vitro conditions the possible cooperative effect of antimalarial antibodies with several human blood cell types. when used alone, immunoglobulin g from african adults who had reached a state of premunition against malaria was found to have no or very limited direct effect on invasion and multiplication of p. falciparum asexual blood stages. in contrast, these antibodies induced a marked specific inhibition of parasite growth in the presence of normal blood monocytes, and ...	1989	2659533
heat shock cognate 70 is a prominent immunogen in brugian filariasis.	a cdna expression library constructed from rna derived from adult stage brugia pahangi (mixed sexes) was screened with pooled sera from chronic, amicrofilaremic cases of human lymphatic filariasis from the indonesian island of tanjungpinang, where brugia malayi is endemic. polyclonal antisera raised to purified beta-galactosidase fusion proteins from two of the most highly reactive clones identified a protein of mr 70,000 in all stages examined (microfilariae, l3 and adults) of both b. malayi an ...	1989	2659668
treatment of severe malaria in the united states with a continuous infusion of quinidine gluconate and exchange transfusion.	during the past decade the incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria in the united states has increased 10-fold. treatment may be delayed because the therapy recommended for severe or complicated disease, intravenous quinine dihydrochloride, is available only from the centers for disease control. we studied 17 patients who were treated for severe or complicated p. falciparum malaria in the united states between 1985 and 1987. five patients were treated with a continuous infusion of quinidine gl ...	1989	2659994
transport of fluorescent phospholipid analogues from the erythrocyte membrane to the parasite in plasmodium falciparum-infected cells.	the asexual development of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum is largely intraerythrocytic. when 1-palmitoyl-2-[6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-yl)amino]caproyl] phosphatidylcholine (nbd-pc) was incorporated into infected and uninfected erythrocyte membranes at 0 degrees c, it remained at the cell surface. at 10 degrees c, the lipid was rapidly internalized in infected erythrocytes at all stages of parasite growth. our results indicate that the internalization of ndb-pc was not ...	1989	2661561
increased ovalocytic red cells and their low parasitemia in malaria infected subjects.	ovalocytic red blood cells were significantly increased in the peripheral blood films of patients infected with p. falciparum (mean +/- s.d. = 6.3 +/- 8.4%) and p. vivax (8.3 +/- 14.0%), whereas, there was only 0.6 +/- 0.4 per cent ovalocytes in normal individuals. per cent parasitemia of ovalocytes counted at least 100 ovalocytes of the blood films of malaria infected individuals was significantly reduced when compared with that of discocytes which revealed at least 100 discocytes in the same b ...	1989	2661709
the spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria in africa. implications for travelers.	spreading from 2 countries in 1978 to at least 29 in 1988, chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria has become a significant concern for travelers to africa. the spread of chloroquine resistance has been documented by sporadic case reports and by isolated population surveys, which do not always completely reflect the risk of infection for travelers using chloroquine prophylaxis. surveillance of peace corps volunteers in west africa indicates that as of january 1, 1989, p falciparum ma ...	1989	2661866
[therapy and prevention of malaria].	malaria is still, in spite of intensive efforts to reduce its transmission, the most serious and widespread protozoal infection in man. more than 100 million people suffer of malaria each year and one million, mostly children, die for it. widespread resistance of p. falciparum to drugs, especially 4-aminoquinoline, has been progressing to such a speed in many endemic malarious areas that therapy and prophylaxis procedures have been changing and new drugs or associations of them have been introdu ...	1989	2661957
[therapy of severe malaria].	early diagnosis and differentiation of a probably mild course are the first steps in treatment of severe malaria tropica. after confirming the diagnosis by identification of plasmodium falciparum in blood smears, causal therapy with quinine should be started immediately, followed by a 2. schizontozidal drug (chloroquine or mefloquine depending on the country of origin). to prevent the typical organ failures adjuvant therapies are as important as the causal therapy with quinine: besides continuou ...	1989	2662620
mixed falciparum and vivax malaria in canadian travellers.		1989	2663130
[imported falciparum malaria in marseilles hospitals in 1987. apropos of 104 cases].	patients were composed of 85 adults and 19 children; 70 were european, 23 comorian; malaria was contracted by 9 patients in french guyana, 60 in africa, 23 in comoro islands; prophylaxis was correct for 45 patients (nearly all of the cases with chloroquine) when the first symptoms occurred. every case of malaria appeared during the month following their return from an endemic area. fever was often moderate or intermittent, altered by prophylaxis and previous treatments. some patients had a clini ...	1989	2663206
[current clinical aspects and role of parasitic density in the manifestations of falciparum malaria].	56 patients carriers of plasmodium falciparum were observed throughout 1987: 47 males and 9 females of a mean age of 32. the following clinical aspects were observed: falciparum malaria: 35 cases, malaria with a low parasitaemia (less than 1,000 hpm): 5 cases, tropical splenomegaly syndrome: 3 cases, isolated bi- or tricytopenia: 10 cases, cerebral malaria: 1 case, asymptomatic carriers: 2 cases. statistically speaking, no significant correlation was observed between parasitaemia and the followi ...	1989	2663207
[resistant falciparum malaria at the f. houphouet-boigny hospital in marseilles in 1985-1986-1987].	chemoresistant p. falciparum malaria emerged in south sahara africa during 1978 and is now more than half of the imported malaria in f. houphouet-boigny hospital in marseilles (france), consequently the annual number of malaria cases has doubled as compared to the previous years. in our study of 47 chemoresistant malaria cases, collected in 1985-1986-1987, mostly contracted in french-speaking africa, residents and travellers were both equally affected. curative treatment was quinine iv for sever ...	1989	2663208
[the treatment of multiresistant falciparum malaria in southeast asia].	the spread of chloroquine resistant strains of p. falciparum requires new approaches to treatment especially in tropical africa. a single dose of 3 tablets of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (fansidar) is a suitable and relatively inexpensive alternative. but under drug pressure resistance to this compound has developed in some south-east asian countries and in brazil, giving rise to multiple resistant strains of p. falciparum. a similar pattern has arisen with quinine to which almost 50% of p. falcip ...	1989	2663211
[in vivo sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to amodiaquine in the town of edea (cameroon)].	in the town of edea, where falciparum malaria is hyperendemic, an in vivo study of amodiaquine sensitivity of the local strain of the parasite is performed in school children 6 to 12 years of age: 184 children with parasites in their blood and no chloroquine in their urine are given amodiaquine orally. in 96 children having taken 35 mg per kg body weight of amodiaquine base, none is any longer harboring parasites in his blood as soon as the second day following the end of the 3 days treatment (1 ...	1989	2663213
[surveillance of plasmodium falciparum drug sensitivity in yaounde and its surroundings (cameroon). in vivo and in vitro study].	among 172 strains collected in yaoundé 60% are chloroquine-resistant, 37% are amodiaquine-resistant, instead of quinine and mefloquine which are completely efficient. among 30 strains collected at a rural health center (where self treatment decreases), 27% are chloroquine-resistant. new therapeutic schemes for first and second line treatment in endemic areas must be evaluated.	1989	2663214
response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine treatment: relation to whole blood concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine.	a standard treatment with 25 mg chloroquine base per kilogram body weight was given to 39 semi-immune asymptomatic tanzanian schoolchildren with plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. whole blood chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations were monitored 12 times during 30 days of follow-up using 100 microliters capillary blood dried on filter-paper. all but three children had detectable amounts of chloroquine (greater than or equal to 10 nmol/l) in their blood before treatment. the interind ...	1989	2663218
localization of a parasite encoded protein to erythrocyte cytoplasmic vesicles of plasmodium falciparum-infected cells.	intracellular development of the malarial parasite results in substantial modifications of the membrane and cytoskeleton of the erythrocyte host cell. two related plasmodium falciparum-encoded proteins of 50 kda and 43 kda (pf 50/43), identified by reactivity with a single mab, were demonstrated to be localized to the erythrocyte cytoplasm of parasite-infected cells. immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using mab.7e11 demonstrated the pf 50/43 is localized in the membrane of the vesi ...	1989	2663501
characterisation of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthetase gene from human malaria parasites highly resistant to pyrimethamine.	to investigate the genetic basis of drug resistance in human malaria parasites, we have sequenced the entire dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthetase dhfr-ts bifunctional gene from the highly pyrimethamine-resistant k1 isolate of plasmodium falciparum. the protein is predicted to consist of 607 amino acids (aa), (71,685 da), with an n-terminal methionine encoded by the second start codon of the open reading frame. compared to the sequence from drug-sensitive parasites, there are two nucleo ...	1989	2663650
human telomeres contain at least three types of g-rich repeat distributed non-randomly.	using a combination of different oligonucleotides and restriction enzymes we have examined the gross organisation of repeats within the most distal region of human chromosomes. we demonstrate here that human telomeres do not contain a pure uniform 6 base pair repeat unit but that there are at least three types of repeat. these three types of repeat are present at the ends of most or all human chromosomes. the distribution of each type of repeat appears to be non-random. each human telomere has a ...	1989	2664709
resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chemotherapy with 4-aminoquinolines in the ok tedi area of papua new guinea.	in the north fly region of the western province of papua new guinea 491 cases of plasmodium falciparum infection were monitored in vivo for sensitivity to chloroquine and amodiaquine over a 2-year period; 41% resistance was detected. the ri type accounted for 74% of the resistant strains detected; 43% of these recrudesced on day 28 or shortly thereafter. 22% of resistant strains were rii type and 4% r iii. the infections were categorized as imported or locally acquired. imported infections accou ...	1989	2665376
newborn splenic volumes vary under different malaria endemic conditions.	ultrasound was used to measure newborn splenic dimensions and calculate the volumes in a malarious and a non-malarious region of papua new guinea. the median splenic volume of infants born in madang, where malaria transmission is high throughout the year, was 5.2 cm3/kg, while that of infants born in goroka, where malaria is not endemic, was 2.6 cm3/kg. the cause of this difference is unknown, but possible explanations include fetal exposure to malaria antigens in utero and the high incidence of ...	1989	2665658
characterization of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum.	because of their inability to synthesize purines de novo, malaria parasites rely on purine phosphoribosyltransferases (prtases) to convert purine bases salvaged from the host cell (the erythrocyte) into the corresponding purine nucleoside monophosphates. our studies with late trophozoites of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, showed that virtually all of the purine prtase activity is accounted for by two distinct enzymes. one enzyme utilizes hypoxanthine, guanine and xanthine (qu ...	1989	2665821
nadph production by the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum.	two enzymes from plasmodium falciparum that catalyze the formation of nadph have been partially purified and characterized. glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), molecular mass 230 kd, ph optimum 7.0, is capable of producing nadph under optimum conditions at about 10% of the capacity of the host erythrocyte. this capacity increases slightly during the developmental cycle of the parasite. nadp-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh), molecular mass 80 kd, ph optimum 7.5, is capable of producing nadph at ...	1989	2665841
malaria: the search for vaccine antigens and new chemotherapeutic strategies.		1989	2665847
development of an asexual blood stage malaria vaccine.		1989	2665848
abnormalities in the mechanical properties of red blood cells caused by plasmodium falciparum.	although changes in the mechanical properties of infected red cells may contribute to the pathophysiology of malaria, such changes have not previously been described in detail. in this study, the physical properties of individual cells from both clinical and cultured samples infected with plasmodium falciparum were tested using micropipette aspiration techniques. cells containing ring forms took about 50% longer to enter 3 microns pipettes compared with nonparasitised cells, and there was a simi ...	1989	2665857
the deamination of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate in plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes: in vitro use of 2'deoxycoformycin and amp deaminase-deficient red cells.	the role of enzymatic deamination of adenosine monophosphate (amp) and adenosine in the in vitro growth of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum was investigated by means of human red cells deficient in amp deaminase to which the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin was added. malaria parasites grew normally in red cells lacking one or both of these enzyme activities. as a further probe of adenosine triphosphate (atp) catabolism, both infected and uninfected rbcs were incubated ...	1989	2665862
t-cell antigenic sites of the malaria circumsporozoite protein.		1989	2665866
plasmodium falciparum: inhibitor sensitivity of the endogenous superoxide dismutase.	plasmodium falciparum, unlike p. berghei, contains two superoxide dismutases (sod). we have previously found that the major isozyme is cyanide sensitive and appears, like the p. berghei sod, to be adopted from its host, whereas the minor isozyme was found to be cyanide insensitive. we now report that the minor parasite-associated enzyme is peroxide insensitive, suggesting that it is manganese containing.	1989	2666151
plasmodium falciparum: an abundant stage-specific protein expressed during early gametocyte development.	a stage-specific protein has been identified in gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum. the protein is represented on two-dimensional electrophoresis by peptides of two apparent mr of 27,000 and 25,000, each of which has at least four different isoelectric points between ph 6.0 and 5.0. the protein is designated pfg 27/25 (p. falciparum gametocyte-specific antigen of 27 and 25 kda). by indirect immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody 1h12 specific for pfg 27/25, this protein is present in ga ...	1989	2666152
plasmodium falciparum: cytoadherence of a knobless clone.	sequestration of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes is crucial to parasite survival as it prevents destruction in the liver and spleen. knobs have been considered necessary but not sufficient for cytoadherence to vascular endothelial cells in vivo and to melanoma or umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. we describe here a knobless clone that cytoadheres strongly to c32 melanoma cells. this clone cannot express the knob-associated histidine-rich protein (kahrp) due to the deletion o ...	1989	2666153
nadph-dependent disulphide reductases.		1989	2666188
differential antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax circumsporozoite proteins in a human population.	papua new guineans exposed to hyperendemic malaria in the madang area showed different antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax sporozoites despite comparable entomological inoculation rates. although there was a significant trend of increasing prevalence of anti-p. falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein immunoglobulin g (igg) with age, there was no significant increase in the antibody units of igg recognizing p. falciparum cs proteins. antibodies recognizing p. vivax c ...	1989	2666443
erythrocyte knobs and malaria.		1989	2666860
purification and identification of a neutral endopeptidase in plasmodium falciparum schizonts and merozoites.	an endopeptidase specific to the plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic schizont stage and to free merozoites was detected using the fluorogenic glca-val-leu-gly-lys(or arg)-aec substrate. the enzyme was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc); its optimal activity was around ph 7.5 and its isoelectric point was 4.4. the molecular weight of the enzyme was about 68,000, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) under reducing conditions. ...	1989	2666980
[a case from practice (142). patient: mr. r. w., born 1960, cook].		1989	2667071
elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 serum levels as markers for complicated plasmodium falciparum malaria.	tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) has been implicated in the pathology of experimental malaria. to establish its relevance to human malaria, we studied serum levels of two monocyte-derived cytokines, tnf-alpha and interleukin-6 (il-6), as well as of the lymphocyte-derived mediator interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in patients with malaria before and during antiparasitic treatment.	1989	2667356
norfloxacin: a new drug in the treatment of falciparum malaria.		1989	2667420
3h-azidopine photoaffinity labeling of high molecular weight proteins in chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria.	using 3h-azidopine, we have succeeded in labeling proteins from chloroquine resistant (cr) human falciparum malaria parasites in the molecular weight range of 155-170 kd. vinblastine does not compete, but azidopine blocks the labeling using 3h-azidopine. relatively little or no labeling of the 155-170 kd protein is seen in the chloroquine sensitive strain using 3h-azidopine. further competition can be seen with nicardipine and reserpine (71%) respectively and verapamil (61%), chloroquine (48%), ...	1989	2667521
immunogold determination of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in anopheles stephensi salivary gland cells.	the distribution of circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites was observed during the passage of mature sporozoites in the hemocoel of anopheles stephensi and during their entrance and sojourn in the salivary gland cells (sgc). the cs protein was visualized using a monoclonal antibody (3sp2) and immunogold labeling on ultrathin cryosections. in the hemocoel the sporozoites cease synthesizing cs protein, and some of it is shedded resulting in a patchy labeling pattern on ...	1989	2668001
mefloquine disposition in normals and in patients with severe plasmodium falciparum malaria.	mefloquine pharmacokinetics were studied in kenyan african normal volunteers and in patients with severe acute attack of plasmodium falciparum malaria. peak concentrations were achieved in both groups at 20-24 hours. the mean half-life of elimination was 385 +/- 150 hours (mean +/- sd) in normal subjects while in severe malaria it was 493 +/- 215 hours which was significantly longer (p less than or equal to 0.001). the volume of distribution was significantly smaller in severe malaria where it w ...	1989	2668007
malaria prophylaxis--a persisting dilemma.		1989	2668249
a new tool for the serodiagnosis of acute plasmodium falciparum malaria in individuals with primary infection.	we have developed an elisa which detects, with high specificity, antibodies against a major surface protein of p. falciparum merozoites which is a processing product of the precursor glycoprotein gp190. this assay can be used in the diagnosis of acute malaria in individuals with primary infection. two partial sequences of gp190 were expressed in e. coli as beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) fusion proteins. the same sequences fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) or mouse dihydrofolate red ...	1989	2668417
[effect of pasta ulmi on malaria parasites].	the extract of pasta ulmi was examined in vivo and in vitro for antimalaria effect. during animal experiments lipophil extract appeared to have a stronger effect than whole extract, whereas the water diluted extract had no therapeutic effect. in the cell culture the isolated fraction of lipophil extract c1, c2 and c4 showed no inhibitory effect on p. falciparum, but the fraction c0 and c3 with a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml medium demonstrated a totally parasiticidal effect on parasites on ...	1989	2668548
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 35-1989. a 25-year-old haitian man with chills, fever, abdominal pain, and renal failure.		1989	2668765
infectivity of cultured plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to mosquitoes.	various factors that may influence routine and high levels of mosquito infection with cultured plasmodium falciparum gametocytes are considered in this paper. one of the most important is the choice of an appropriate isolate, with facilities for cryopreservation and a good technique for initiation of cultures. the use of automated culture systems with strict adherence to detail and routine has eliminated much of the variability. the quality of the serum used for the culture of gametocytes and in ...	1989	2668861
the sequence of a third member of the heat shock protein family in plasmodium falciparum.		1989	2668881
nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the gp195 (msa-1) gene from plasmodium falciparum palo alto plf-3/b11.		1989	2668887
dna sequence of the gene encoding a plasmodium falciparum malaria candidate vaccine antigen.		1989	2668895
generalized immunological recognition of the major merozoite surface antigen (gp195) of plasmodium falciparum.	the antibody response to the plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface antigen (gp195) of congenic mouse strains differing in h-2 haplotype has been examined. all seven strains of mice were capable of producing gp195-specific antibodies. generalized immune recognition of gp195 by mice of diverse h-2 haplotypes distinguished gp195 from the p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein and the 230-kda and 48/45-kda gamete surface antigens. however, the h-2 genetic locus appeared to influence the spec ...	1989	2668963
antisporozoite vaccine for malaria: experimental basis and current status.	a major sporozoite surface antigen, the circumsporozoite protein, has been identified in all four malaria parasites affecting humans and in numerous species causing malaria in rodents and simians. the corresponding genes have been cloned and sequenced, and considerable similarities are apparent. an extensive central region of these proteins consists of tandemly repeated sequences of four to 16 amino acids. the sporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum has 37-41 repeats of four amino acids: nan ...	1989	2669101
plasma and urine electrolyte concentrations and vasopressin levels in patients admitted to hospital for falciparum malaria.	vasopressin levels, together with plasma and urinary electrolytes, were measured in the acute and convalescent stages of 17 patients with malaria and 11 patients with other febrile illnesses. there was a significantly lower serum sodium in the acute stages of both groups (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02). there was no significant difference between the malaria and control groups. there were no significant changes in the vasopressin levels, although one patient with malaria showed evidence ...	1989	2669290
spontaneous and quinine induced hypoglycaemia in severe falciparum malaria.	four of 21 patients with cerebral malaria developed hypoglycaemia, defined as plasma glucose concentration below 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l). two patients had spontaneous hypoglycaemia at admission and the other two developed it subsequent to quinine therapy. all recovered with continuous intravenous glucose infusion. spontaneous hypoglycaemia in malaria has not earlier been reported from india.	1989	2669291
antimalarial drug susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum isolates from forest fringe dwelling aborigines (orang asli) of peninsular malaysia.	the drug susceptibility of 70 isolates of plasmodium falciparum to standard and experimental antimalarials was evaluated using a radioisotope microdilution method. all isolates were from forest fringe dwelling orang asli, the aborigines of peninsular malaysia. the geometric mean ic50 values were: chloroquine, 10 ng/ml; amodiaquine, 4.7 ng/ml; mefloquine, 2.8 ng/ml; quinine, 40.5 ng/ml; halofantrine, 1.5 ng/ml; enpiroline, 3 ng/ml; and pyrimethamine, 21 ng/ml. four isolates exhibited decreased su ...	1989	2669543
[an uncommon complication of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria: spontaneous splenic rupture].		1989	2669605
alkalinization of the food vacuole of malaria parasites by quinoline drugs and alkylamines is not correlated with their antimalarial activity.	quinoline-containing antimalarial drugs accumulate inside the acid food vacuole of the parasite where they inhibit the digestion of ingested host cell cytosol, and consequently, parasite growth. in order to verify whether this inhibition is caused by drug-induced alkalinization of the food vacuole, we investigated the accumulation of acridine orange (ao) as a vacuolar ph probe in intact plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes as affected by the drugs chloroquine (cq), 7h-quinoleine (7h ...	1989	2669763
compounds binding to cytoskeletal proteins are active against plasmodium falciparum in vitro.	the effects of nine different tubulin-binding substances and of one actin-binding compound, cytochalasin b, upon the intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum were investigated in vitro. from the data obtained, plasmodial tubulins seem to be quite different from the mammalian proteins on the molecular level. tubulozole-t, a substance which is inactive in mammalian systems, appears to be a promising novel antimalarial drug.	1989	2670249
[halofantrine in the treatment of malaria. clinical trial in a semi-rural zone of cameroon].	twelve children, 2 to 15 years of age, with falciparum malaria (parasitaemia 4,500 to 170,000/mm3) have taken 24 mg/kg body weight of halofantrine hydrochloride (halfan) per os in three divided doses given within 12 hours. the symptomatology improved after 24 to 48 hours, with no more fever 5 to 90 hours after treatment and with a decrease of splenomegaly in 80% of the cases. the parasitic clearance was obtained after 24 to 60 hours. the haematocrit started raising again in 58% of the cases. hal ...	1989	2670289
[iterative placental infection by p. falciparum during 2 successive pregnancies in bobo-dioulasso (burkina-faso)].	a young woman living in a malaria endemic area in west africa, was contaminated twice with placental infection by plasmodium falciparum, in two successive pregnancies. no parasites were observed on blood smears both in mother peripheral blood and in cord blood. a parasitemia was described in the intervillous space in the placental. the first placental infection was attributed to a febrile illness ten days before the end of gestation. no reliable symptoms of malaria were found for the second infe ...	1989	2670290
[plasmodium falciparum drug resistance and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in africa].	the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination has not been recommended for the prophylaxis of malaria since 1985 following serious accidents in the usa. however, this drug is worth considering for treatment since it has the advantage over mefloquine of being cheaper, having fewer side effects and it avoids using mefloquine. a study of plasmodium falciparum resistance to fansidar should be carried out on cases imported to france to determine an adapted utilisation of this drug. this would be an appre ...	1989	2670291
[malaria in guiana. i. general status of the endemic].	before 1949 malaria was highly prevalent in the whole territory of french guiana. when malaria control based on house-spraying and drug prophylaxis was implemented in 1950 the disease sharply dropped below 20 cases per year. since 1976 despite vector control malaria is rising again. in 1987, 3,269 cases have been notified giving an incidence of 37.6 per thousand for the whole country population; only four deaths were recorded. all the age groups were concerned but the transmission was restricted ...	1989	2670292
[malaria in guiana. ii. the characteristics of different foci and antimalarial control].	in french guiana, the distribution of malaria in foci inhabited by quite different ethnic groups calls for specific studies. along the oyapock on the brasilian border and along the litani on the surinam border, incidence among american indians and creoles ranges from 300 and 900 per thousand; plasmodium falciparum accounts for 65% and p. vivax for 35%. along the middle and lower maroni on the surinam border, the boni and ndjukas negroes move freely through the frontier and since the civil strife ...	1989	2670293
in vitro drug sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum in acre, brazil.	in acre, the westernmost state of brazil in the amazon region, the sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine was determined in vitro by the rieckmann microtechnique. the study was performed between january and june 1987; the in vitro parasite responses to all antimalarial drugs were determined according to the recommendations of who. of 83 isolates of p. falciparum, all were sensitive to mefloquine and of 87 isolates of p. ...	1989	2670298
[therapeutic effect of pyronaridine in plain tablets and enteric-coated tablets in falciparum malaria patients].	a new oral dosage regimen and formulation of pyronaridine basing on the pharmacokinetic studies and a theoretical dosage regimen reported previously, was clinically evaluated for its therapeutic and undesirable effects on falciparum malaria patients in west hainan province, where chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria was prevalent. 32 cases were treated with pyronaridine by the new dosage regimen of 0.5 g in d1, and 0.3g in d2 in plain tablets (group a), while additional 32 patients received ...	1989	2670309
[inhibitory effect of chemically and enzymatically treated erythrocytic membrane on the invasion of plasmodium falciparum merozoites].	by treating chemically and enzymatically erythrocytic membrane to change its structure and properties, the recognition of merozoite to erythrocyte and the effect of erythrocyte skeleton protein on the invasion of p. falciparum (fc c-1/hn) were studied. it was found that the invasion of merozoite into erythrocyte digested with trypsin was greatly decreased; merozoite invasion into the erythrocyte treated with neuraminidase or wheat germ agglutinin (wga) was partially inhibited; erythrocytes treat ...	1989	2670313
geographical-historical remarks on malaria in czechoslovakia.		1989	2670674
evidence for a 6.5-day minimum exoerythrocytic cycle for plasmodium falciparum in humans and confirmation that immunization with a synthetic peptide representative of a region of the circumsporozoite protein retards infection.	immunization with a synthetic peptide which is representative of part of the repeating region of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein resulted in an immunity which allowed vaccinees to retard the development of patent malaria as compared to nonimmunized controls. analysis of infection dynamics showed that immunity could be attributed to either neutralization of about 92% of inoculated sporozoites, delayed development of the majority of parasites, or a combination of neutralization and ...	1989	2671011
evolution of the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors during plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax malaria.	increased levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (il-2r) in serum were observed in both plasmodium falciparum- and p. vivax-infected individuals compared with nonparasitemic subjects. clinical symptoms of p. falciparum malaria were associated with higher levels of soluble il-2r. temporal evolution in serum of il-2r during the course of a malaria attack mimicked the kinetics of soluble il-2r under experimental conditions.	1989	2671038
purification and partial characterization of an unusual protein of plasmodium falciparum: histidine-rich protein ii.	the human malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum secretes a histidine-rich protein (hrp-ii) from infected erythrocytes. hrp-ii has a very high content of histidine (h) (34%), alanine (a) (37%) and aspartic acid (d) (10%) and many contiguous repeats of the sequences ahh and ahhaad. the histidine content of the protein suggested the potential to bind metal ions. we have demonstrated by metal chelate chromatography an extraordinary capacity of hrp-ii to bind zinc ions (zn2+) and employed this char ...	1989	2671720
stage-specific expression and genomic organization of the actin genes of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum.	two different actin transcripts are found in the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. one of these is a 2.5-kb-long rna found both in asexual blood stages and in the sexual stages (i.e., gametes/zygotes) of the parasite. this transcript is encoded by the p. falciparum (pf)-actin i gene. the second malarial actin gene, the pf-actin ii gene, yields a 1.9-kb-long transcript which is formed solely in the sexual stages. elucidation of the genomic organisation of these two plasmodium actin ge ...	1989	2671721
plasmodium falciparum: inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine proteinases inhibit a trophozoite proteinase and block parasite development.	trophozoites of plasmodium falciparum obtain free amino acids for protein synthesis by degrading host erythrocyte hemoglobin in an acidic food vacuole. we previously reported that leupeptin and l-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (e-64), two inhibitors of the cysteine class of proteinases, blocked hemoglobin degradation in the trophozoite food vacuole, and we identified a 28-kda trophozoite cysteine proteinase as a potential food vacuole hemoglobinase. we now report that the bio ...	1989	2671722
the circumsporozoite protein gene from nf54, a plasmodium falciparum isolate used in malaria vaccine trials.		1989	2671723
plasmodium falciparum antigens associated with membrane structures in the host erythrocyte cytoplasm.	hybridomas were made from mice immunized with plasma membranes from erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. among the monoclonal antibodies produced, a series reacted with antigens in the host cell cytoplasm. immunoelectron microscopy, along with indirect fluorescent antibody double labeling experiments, were used to further localize the antigens to membrane structures (presumably maurer's clefts) in the erythrocyte cytoplasm. the epitopes thus localized are found on three parasite pro ...	1989	2671724
a 60-kda plasmodium falciparum protein at the moving junction formed between merozoite and erythrocyte during invasion.	invasion of erythrocytes by malaria merozoites requires the formation of a junction of attachment between erythrocyte and merozoite membranes. the attachment junction initially forms at the apical region of the merozoite. it then moves around to the posterior of the merozoite as invasion proceeds. a monoclonal antibody against a 60-kda merozoite protein (termed mcp-1 for merozoite capping protein 1) of plasmodium falciparum reacts in an immunofluorescence pattern resembling the moving junction. ...	1989	2671726
malarial proteinase?		1989	2671749
in vitro cytoadherence of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to melanoma cells: factors affecting adhesion.	a reproducible and standardized assay for measuring the cytoadherence of knobby plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells to amelanotic melanoma cells was developed. adhesion was dependent on temperature, haematocrit, and parasitaemia. addition of edta to the binding medium reduced adhesion. removal of protease-sensitive molecules on the surface of the infected cell abolished cytoadherence, whereas removal of carbohydrate residues by treatment of cells with neuraminidase or galactosidase promoted ...	1989	2671875
characterization of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase purified from the human malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum.	methionine synthase, which catalyzes the reaction, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-ch3-h4pteglu) + homocysteine----methionine + tetrahydrofolate, was detected and partially purified from the human malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum (k1 isolate). partial purification was achieved using high-performance size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography. the apparent relative molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 105,000 daltons, and the apparent km for 5-ch3-h4pteglu was 24.2 microm. th ...	1989	2671982
the use of murine feeder cells in the cultivation of plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages.	increased multiplication rates were observed in asexual erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum grown in the presence of a feeder-cell layer of mouse peritoneal wash cells (pwcs) using the candle-jar method of trager and jensen (1977). this held true for both new and established isolates of the parasite. when the pwc population was separated into adherent and non-adherent fractions, the adherent pwc population promoted an increase in parasite growth but the non-adherent population did not. ...	1989	2671983
comparative morphology of human and animal malaria parasites. i. host-parasite interface.	human and animal malaria parasites (plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, p. vivax, p. berghei, p. gallinaceum) were studied using special fixation and standardized methods, with special attention to their effects on host cells. morphological alterations induced by the parasites in infected erythrocytes included knobs, invaginations, and caveola-vesicle complexes on the surface of the host cell and clefts, microvesicles, and small vesicles in the cytoplasm of the infected erythrocytes. for p. mala ...	1989	2671984
antimalarial activity of new floxacrine-related acridinedione derivatives: studies on blood schizontocidal action of potential candidates against p. berghei in mice and p. falciparum in vivo and in vitro.	deoxyfloxacrine derivatives (1-hydrazone: s 83 0083; 1-imine: s 84 7277) and floxacrine derivatives (10-methoxy-floxacrine: l 84 7667; 1-imine: l 84 7693) selected from a series of newly synthesized 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones were evaluated for blood schizontocidal activities in mice infected with asexual stages of various drug-resistant lines of p. berghei and in new world monkeys infected with blood schizonts of different chloroquine-resistant strains of p. falcipar ...	1989	2671988
lymphocyte subsets in two cases of acute malaria of pregnancy and in cases of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in western thailand.		1989	2672365
electron microscopic study of phagocytosis in human spleen in falciparum malaria.	the ultrastructure of the spleen of a patient who died of natural infection of plasmodium falciparum was studied with emphasis on phagocytosis. parasitized erythrocytes were shown to interact with the heterogenous populations of phagocytic cells. phagocytosis occurred predominantly in macrophages than endothelial cells and immature forms of parasites were preferentially phagocytosed. splenic trapping, pitting and destruction of both infected and noninfected erythrocytes were demonstrated. other ...	1989	2672366
differential non-responsiveness in humans of candidate plasmodium falciparum vaccine antigens.	synthetic subunit vaccines to sporozoites, merozoites, and gametes are being developed for malaria. the vaccine strategy assumes that the population to be immunized will respond favorably to these vaccine antigens. using sera of 35 adults and 50 children from the the gambia, west africa, where plasmodium falciparum is highly endemic, we examined the humoral immune response to candidate malaria vaccine antigens from sporozoites, merozoites, and gametes. we observed widespread restricted immunogen ...	1989	2672834
plasmodium falciparum associated placental pathology: a light and electron microscopic and immunohistologic study.	pathological changes were studied by light and electron microscopy on term placentas collected in malawi from 20 p. falciparum infected women (11 primiparas and 9 multiparas). one placenta from an uninfected term primipara and 4 from multiparas were studied as controls. changes included the presence of parasitized erythrocytes and malarial pigment particles in the intervillous space, excessive syncytial knotting, chronic basal villitis, malarial pigment deposits in the trophoblasts, trophoblasti ...	1989	2672835
peroxides as oxidant antimalarials.	to further explore the antimalarial activity of peroxides (e.g. artemisinin 1), twenty-three peroxides (all the compounds shown in figures 3 and 4) of diverse chemical structure and acceptable stability were selected and tested for antimalarial activity in vitro against plasmodium falciparum, and in mice against p. berghei. included were hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, acyl and diacylperoxides, peroxyketals, peroxycarbonates, and endoperoxides. none was active in vivo, although several were r ...	1989	2673281
sorting of malarial antigens into vesicular compartments within the host cell cytoplasm as demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy.	a double and triple immunogold labeling technique has been applied to demonstrate that several malarial antigens of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum are exported from the parasite into distinct compartments within the host cell cytoplasm. multiple species of vesicles, each with specifically packaged contents, are consistent with a sorting function of vesicular structures in the plasmodium infected erythrocyte. during schizogony, two parasite antigens, an s-antigen and a parasitop ...	1989	2673788
chloroquine in the treatment of malaria.		1989	2674297
[the malariologic situation in the yemen arab republic].	the yemen arab republic is situated in the southwest of the arabian peninsula. from the malariological point of view it belongs to the ethiopian area. malaria is one of the most common diseases in the yar. malaria cases in the country are registered all over the year. the main disease vectors are an. arabiensis, an. sergenti, an. culicifacies. falciparum malaria cases are much more frequent than those of 3- and 4-days malaria. the number of registered malaria cases increases annually. in spite o ...	1989	2674641
identification of a peptide sequence of the 25 kd surface protein of plasmodium falciparum recognized by transmission-blocking monoclonal antibodies: implications for synthetic vaccine development.		1989	2674864
parasite proteases and antimalarial activities of protease inhibitors.		1989	2675111
development of asexual erythrocytic malaria vaccines.		1989	2675112
p. falciparum iron metabolism.		1989	2675113
structural specificity of the p. falciparum merozoite-erythrocyte interaction.		1989	2675114