Publications

a review of analytical methods for the detection of bacterial toxins.		1998	9750366
kits for the detection of some bacterial food poisoning toxins: problems, pitfalls and benefits.		1998	9750367
amino-acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of the staphylococcus aureus metalloproteinase at 1.72 a resolution.	aureolysin is an extracellular zinc-dependent metalloproteinase from the pathogenic bacterium staphylococcus aureus. this enzyme exhibits in vitro activity against several molecules of biological significance for the host, indicating that it is involved in the pathology of staphylococcal diseases.	1998	9753696
x-ray structure of the znii beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis in an orthorhombic crystal form.	beta-lactamases are extracellular or periplasmic bacterial enzymes which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. on the basis of their catalytic mechanisms, they can be divided into two major groups: active-site serine enzymes (classes a, c and d) and the znii enzymes (class b). the first crystal structure of a class b enzyme, the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus, has been solved at 2.5 a resolution [carfi, pares, duée, galleni, duez, frère & dideberg (1995). embo j. 14, 4914-49 ...	1998	9761816
1.85 a resolution structure of the zinc (ii) beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus.	class b beta-lactamases are wide spectrum enzymes which require bivalent metal ions for activity. the structure of the class b zinc-ion-dependent beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus (bcii) has been refined at 1.85 a resolution using data collected on cryocooled crystals (100 k). the enzyme from b. cereus has a molecular mass of 24 946 da and is folded into a beta-sandwich structure with helices on the external faces. the active site is located in a groove running between the two beta-sheets [car ...	1998	9761898
antibacterial effects of n-sulfonated and n-sulfobenzoyl chitosan and application to oyster preservation.	the antibacterial effects of sulfonated and sulfobenzoyl chitosans were evaluated and compared with that of 69% deacetylated chitosan (dd69 chitosan). minimal inhibitory concentrations of sulfonated chitosan (sc1, 0.63% sulfur content) against shigella dysenteriae, aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella typhimurium, and bacillus cereus were found to be lower than those of dd69 chitosan. a high sulfur content in sulfonated chitosan adversely influenced its antibacterial effect. sulfobenzoyl chitosan (s ...	1998	9766062
in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam relative to other antibiotics against blood culture isolates.	resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is an increasing problem in many countries. accurate locally relevant information is essential for detection and control of emerging resistance and to facilitate choice of empirical antibiotic therapy in the immediate management of seriously ill patients. we have determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of piperacillin/tazobactam for 97 strains of bacteria (55 enterobacteriaceae, 13 non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli, 22 staphylococcus aureus, 6 e ...	1998	9780564
biotransformation of resveratrol to piceid by bacillus cereus.	microbial transformation of resveratrol (1), trans-3,4', 5-trihydroxystilbene, was studied. preparative scale biotransformation of 1 with whole-cell suspensions of bacillus cereus ui 1477 resulted in the production of metabolite 2 which was identical in all respects to an authentic sample of piceid, resveratrol 3-o-beta-d-glucoside.	1998	9784180
testing of raw milk for tetracycline residues.	a newly improved bacillus calidolactis tube diffusion test and two postscreening test systems--a receptor assay (charm hvs; charm sciences, inc., malden, ma) and a newly developed bacillus cereus atcc 11778 mycoides test system--were evaluated for the detection and identification of tetracycline residues using 973 samples of bulk milk taken at random in the netherlands. all milk samples were assayed with the b. calidolactis tube and the receptor test. the milk samples testing as suspect or posit ...	1998	9785224
sphingomyelinase induces aggregation and fusion, but phospholipase a2 only aggregation, of low density lipoprotein (ldl) particles. two distinct mechanisms leading to increased binding strength of ldl to human aortic proteoglycans.	during atherogenesis, low density lipoprotein (ldl) particles bind to extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the arterial wall, become modified, and appear as aggregated and fused particles. sphingomyelinase (smase) and phospholipase a2 (pla2) have been found in the arterial wall, and, moreover, lesional ldl shows signs of hydrolysis of both sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. we have now studied the effects of these two lipolytic modifications on the aggregation and fusion of ldl particles by ...	1998	9786921
identification of contamination sources of bacillus cereus in pasteurized milk.	in order to determine the sources of bacillus cereus in pasteurized milk, a total of 232 milk samples from various sampling points along milk processing lines and 122 environmental swabs were collected in two dairy plants between march and september, 1996. the incidence of b. cereus vegetative cells in raw milk from the plants was low (< or = 10%). however, the incidence and the average counts of b. cereus spores in the raw milk were very high and similar to those of b. cereus vegetative cells i ...	1998	9801192
[meningitis due to bacillus cereus in an infant with reye syndrome].	observation: we report the case of a 2.5-month-old infant with bacillus cereus meningitis who was initially admitted for reye syndrome. gram positive bacteria was isolated in csf and shown to be located inside the polymorphonuclears. this pathogen was further identified by sequencing of the 16s rna. early administration of imipenem in association with amikacin resulted in a rapid recovery. no obvious immune defect or invasive procedure could be assessed. conclusion: although bacillus cereus is m ...	1998	9809154
[isolation, identification and characterization of bacillus cereus in the dairy industry].	in order to determine the major contamination sources of milk with (psychrotrophic) bacillus cereus, the incidence of vegetative cells and spores of b. cereus on dairy farms, at two dairy processing plants and in pasteurized milk in household refrigerators was investigated. on dairy farms the major contamination sources were soil and faeces. in winter, when the cows were housed, used bedding probably also participates in this contamination route. the udder will be contaminated, finally resulting ...	1998	9825404
bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the bacillus cereus group.	the bacillus cereus group comprises the four valid species bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. some isolates of b. cereus are known to be psychrotolerant (growth at 7 degrees c or below). here, specific sequence differences are described between the 16s rdna, the 23s rdna, the 16s-23s rdna spacer region and the genes of the major cold-shock protein homologue cspa in a variety of psychrotolerant and mesophilic b. cereus and b. mycoides strains. rando ...	1998	9828439
growth and inactivation models to be used in quantitative risk assessments.	in past years many models describing growth and inactivation of microorganisms have been developed. this study is a discussion of the growth and inactivation models that can be used in a stepwise procedure for quantitative risk assessment. first, rough risk assessments are performed in which orders of magnitude for microbial processes are estimated by the use of simple models. this method provides an efficient way to find the main determinants of risk. second, the main determinants of risk are s ...	1998	9829202
[microwave effect on survival of sporulated bacteria inoculated in minced meat].	due to the current tendency of cooking and heating meat prepared foods in microwave ovens and the possibility that they transmit bacterial diseases, the survival rate of spore-forming bacteria was evaluated in minced meat samples. meat was innoculated with a known number of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens spores, and laterly thawed and cooked in an amana microwave oven (2450 hz). survival rate was determined according to the methodology described by vanderzant & splittstoesser, and t ...	1998	9830491
mg2+ binding and catalytic function of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus.	the modes of mg2+ binding to smase from bacillus cereus were studied on the basis of the changes in the tryptophyl fluorescence intensity. this enzyme was shown to possess at least two binding sites for mg2+ with low and high affinities. the effects of mg2+ binding on the enzymatic activity and structural stability of the enzyme molecule were also studied. the results indicated that the binding of mg2+ to the low-affinity site was essential for the catalysis, but was independent of the substrate ...	1998	9832623
effect of canavanine from alfalfa seeds on the population biology of bacillus cereus	bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of uw85 in culture (j. l. milner, s. j. raffel, b. j. lethbridge, and j. handelsman, appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). in this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. all of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. we purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and i ...	1998	9835549
development of internal controls for pcr detection of bacillus anthracis.	this work describes the development and evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of bacillus anthracis strains harbouring plasmid px02. the multiplex also incorporated an internal control (ic) to avoid false negative reactions. internal controls consisted of plasmids containing modified pcr target sequences, corresponding to the capc and ba813 genes of b. anthracis, which were then co-amplified with the original target sequences using the same set of amplimers. ...	1998	9843654
bacillus cereus in a whey process.	a cheese dairy and its whey manufacturing line were examined for bacillus cereus. colonies typical of b. cereus were detected in 120 (17%) samples out of 720 analysed. only 3% of the sampled raw milk contained b. cereus ( > or = 10 cfu ml(-1)) whereas in evaporated whey concentrate b. cereus was present in 76% of the samples. nitrate reductase negative and weakly casein hydrolysis isolates were rare in raw milk and the early parts of the process but these defective biotypes became increasingly f ...	1998	9849782
influence of several environmental factors on the initiation of germination and inactivation of bacillus cereus by high hydrostatic pressure.	the influence of ph, aw, l-alanine, and fat concentration of milk on the initiation of germination and inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) (250 mpa at 25 degrees c for 15 min and 690 mpa at 40 degrees c for 2 min) of bacillus cereus sporulated at 20, 30 and 37 degrees c was investigated. b. cereus sporulated at the lowest temperature was found to be the most resistant to the initiation of germination and inactivation by hhp. at ambient pressure, the rate and extension of germination ...	1998	9849790
role of the geri operon of bacillus cereus 569 in the response of spores to germinants.	bacillus cereus 569 (atcc 10876) germinates in response to inosine or to l-alanine, but the most rapid germination response is elicited by a combination of these germinants. mutants defective in their germination response to either inosine or to l-alanine were isolated after tn917-ltv1 mutagenesis and enrichment procedures; one class of mutant could not germinate in response to inosine as a sole germinant but still germinated in response to l-alanine, although at a reduced rate; another mutant g ...	1998	9852021
sphingomyelinase induces lipid microdomain formation in a fluid phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin membrane.	the behaviors of two chemically well-defined sphingolipids, n-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (c16:0-sm) and the corresponding ceramide (c16:0-cer), in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (popc) matrix were compared. minor attenuation of lateral diffusion upon increasing the mole fraction of c16:0-sm (xsm, up to 0.25) was indicated by the slight decrement in the excimer/monomer intensity ratio (ie/im) for a trace amount (mole fraction x = 0.01) of a pyrene-labeled ceramide analogue ( ...	1998	9860872
surface pressure-dependent cross-modulation of sphingomyelinase and phospholipase a2 in monolayers.	we investigated the ways in which phospholipase a2 and sphingomyelinase are mutually modulated at lipid interfaces. the activity of one enzyme is affected by its own reaction products and by substrates and products of the other enzyme; all this depends differently on the lateral surface pressure. ceramide inhibits both the sphingomyelinase activity rate and the extent of degradation, and decreases the lag time at all surface pressures. dilauroyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the substrate ...	1998	9870902
synergist effect of sucrose fatty acid esters on nisin inhibition of gram-positive bacteria.	nisin in combination with the sucrose fatty acid esters, sucrose palmitate (p-1570 and p-1670) or sucrose stearate (s-1570 and s-1670) was tested against a range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. initial liquid culture investigation showed that the sugar ester p-1670 resulted in a synergist enhancement of the bacteriostatic activity of nisin against gram-positive bacteria and not gram-negative bacteria. some enhancement of the bactericidal activity of nisin against listeria monocytoge ...	1998	9871322
enzymatic synthesis of a modified phospholipid and its evaluation as a substrate for b. cereus phospholipase c.	the novel phospholipid 2, which bears a tert-butyl moiety in place of the natural trimethyl ammonium group of phosphatidylcholine, has been enzymatically synthesized via a transphosphatidylation reaction mediated by phospholipase d. the change from the choline headgroup in 1 to the tert-butyl group in 2 reduced the efficiency of hydrolysis by the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus by a factor of greater than 10(3).	1998	9871566
survival and growth of psychrotrophic bacillus cereus in dry and reconstituted infant rice cereal.	the potential for growth of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus in reconstituted dry foods is a concern, especially when they are consumed by infants or the immunosuppressed. the ability of a four-strain mixture of spores or vegetative cells of psychrotrophic b. cereus to survive in a commercial, dry infant rice cereal as affected by water activity (a(w); 0.27 to 0.28, 0.52 to 0.55, and 0.75 to 0.78), ph (5.6 and 6.7), and temperature (5, 25, 35, and 45 degrees c) was investigated. the rate of death ...	1998	9874340
[bacillus cereus septicemia in a patient with severe aplastic anemia].	a 78-year-old female was admitted with complaints of malaise and fatigue in the legs. the patient was diagnosed as severe aplastic anemia and treatment was started with metenolone and steroid pulse therapy. administration of antibiotics and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor which led to a resolution of the high fever. about four months after admission, the patient developed vomiting and abdominal pain with a spiking fever. the next day after suddenly losing consciousness, she died. b. cereus ...	1998	9916422
phospholipase a2 and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c assays by hplc and tlc with fluorescent substrate.		1999	9918006
[sporicidal effect of presept and chloramine b on bacillus cereus spores].	the sporicidal effect of presept was compared with chloramine b on the spores of bacillus cereus. either compound was calibrated to the same concentration of active chlorine. while a portion of spore population after 4 hrs of treatment by chloramine germinated and started to divide in a rich nutrient medium, the optical density of the culture inoculated with spores treated by presept did not increase even after 7 hrs when exposed to the nutrient medium. significant morphological differences were ...	1998	9919816
macrophage released proteoglycans are involved in cell-mediated aggregation of ldl.	aggregated low density lipoprotein (ldl) is taken up by macrophages at enhanced rate, leading to macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. since macrophages were shown to mediate self aggregation of modified forms of ldl, we sought to study the effect of macrophages on the susceptibility of native ldl to aggregation. incubation of ldl (100 microg of protein/ml) with j-774a.1 macrophage-like cell line for 18 h at 37 degrees c, led to a 114 and 56% enhanced susceptibility of ldl ...	1999	9920506
effect of shift in growth temperature on tolerance of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of bacillus cereus to heat and sodium chloride.	a shift in growth temperature of a psychrotrophic (f3802a/84) strain and a mesophilic strain (b4ac-1) of bacillus cereus grown at 30 degrees c for 10 h, then at 37 degrees c or 40 degrees c for 14 h, enhanced thermotolerance. sodium chloride, at concentrations of 2.0 and 4.0% in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth, had no effect on thermotolerance of strain b4ac-1 heated at 50 degrees c, whereas the same concentrations of nacl caused a decrease in thermotolerance of strain f3802a/84 heated at 48 de ...	1999	9921830
contribution to phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bacillus licheniformis and description of new genomovars.	a study of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics was carried out on 182 strains isolated from soil of different geographical areas; the type strains were b. licheniformis, b. subtilis, b. pumilus, b. cereus and b. coagulans. the results showed, primarily on the basis of phenotypic features, that all the isolates belonged to the b. licheniformis species, however dna relatedness studies revealed only 161 to be genetically related to b. licheniformis, the dna relatedness levels ranging from 66 t ...	1998	9924820
screening of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. a critical step for producing anti-idiotypic catalytic antibodies.	in accord with the original approach that we proposed, catalytic antibodies may be produced by using the anti-idiotypic pathway according to antigen/antibody complementarity rules. the generation and screening of the idiotypic ab1, the central point on which are anchored the interactions with both the antigen (enzyme) and the anti-idiotypic abzyme, represent a crucial step for the success of this approach. we herein propose to describe a strategy for which we have developed a number of assays, a ...	1998	9928086
a vector for promoter trapping in bacillus cereus.	we constructed a promoter-trap plasmid, pad123, for bacillus cereus. this plasmid contains a promoterless gene that encodes a mutant version of the green fluorescent protein, gfpmut3a, that is optimized for fluorescence-activated cell sorting [cormack, b.p., valdivia, r.h., falkow, s., 1996. facs-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (gfp). gene 173, 33-38.]. the plasmid replicates and confers drug resistance in both escherichia coli and b. cereus. we constructed a library in pad123 ...	1999	9931504
[epidemic outbreak in a home for the aged caused probably by bacillus cereus].	to identify the causative agent and the factors precipitating the outbreak.	1998	9931561
an outbreak of bacillus cereus respiratory tract infections on a neonatal unit due to contaminated ventilator circuits.	an outbreak of bacillus cereus respiratory tract infections affecting six ventilated preterm neonates over a two-week period is described. reusable ventilator circuits were identified as the cause of the outbreak. ordinarily these were reprocessed on the neonatal unit (nnu), first through a washing machine and then through a low-temperature steam (lts) disinfector. the onset of the outbreak coincided with a breakdown of the lts facility, which necessitated sending the washed circuits off site fo ...	1999	9949960
contamination of weaning foods: organisms, channels, and sequelae.	a study was carried out to identify the microbial contaminants of weaning foods in an egyptian village and the sources of contamination. all 300 households containing infants (< 24 months) were visited. information regarding food preparation and household sanitation was gathered. samples of weaning foods (270) were collected and analysed for the presence of escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, shigella and parasites. the first two pathogens were detected in 43.7 per cent and 21.4 per cent of sampl ...	1998	9972075
synthesis of a novel phosphate ester of a vitamin e derivative and its antioxidative activity.	a novel phosphate ester containing a chromanol structure was synthesized from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-2'-hydroxyethyl-2',5',7',8'-tetramethyl- 6' -hydroxychroman (pch) by hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase c from bacillus cereus. the structure of the product was found by spectral analyses to be 2-(2',5',7',8'-tetramethyl-6'-hydroxychromanyl)ethylphosphate++ + (ch-p). ch-p was highly soluble in the aqueous phase at neutral ph values and exerted higher antioxidative activity than alpha- ...	1998	9972276
innate immunity in insects: the role of multiple, endogenous serum lectins in the recognition of foreign invaders in the cockroach, blaberus discoidalis.	unlike vertebrates, insects do not have an ab-based nonself recognition system, and must rely totally on innate immunity to defend themselves from microbial invaders. the most likely candidates for recognizing foreign material in insects are the lectins, which have already been shown to be important in mammalian innate immunity. the hemolymph of the cockroach, blaberus discoidalis, contains multiple lectins, designated bdl1, bdl2, bdl3, and gsl (beta-1,3-glucan-specific lectin), two of which, na ...	1999	9973417
biocontrol of plant disease: a (gram-) positive perspective.	biological control offers an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of pesticides for controlling plant diseases. unfortunately, growers continue to use chemical control over biological agents, and lack of knowledge often contributes to the downfall of a biocontrol agent. knowledge of the biological environment in which the agent will be used and of how to produce a stable formulation are both critical to successful biocontrol. certain gram-positive bacteria have a natural formulation a ...	1999	9987836
suitability of the charm hvs and a microbiological multiplate system for detection of residues in raw milk at eu maximum residue levels.	in this paper we assessed the suitability of the charm hvs and a newly developed microbiological multiplate system as post-screening tests to confirm the presence of residues in raw milk at or near the maximum permissible residue level (mrl). the multiplate system is composed of bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis plate at ph 8.0 for detection of beta-lactam antibiotics and tylosin, bacillus cereus plate at ph 6.0 for detection of tetracyclines, micrococcus luteus plate at ph 8.0 for d ...	1999	9990703
identification and semiquantitative estimation of antibiotics added to complete feeds, premixes, and concentrates.	classical microbiological methods for determining antimicrobial compounds in feeds are nonspecific. thus, there is a need to identify biological activity, and bioautography is used for this purpose. a routine method for detecting the following antimicrobial substances in feeds is described: avilamycin, avoparcin, zn-bacitracin, erythromycin, flavomycin, furazolidone, lasalocid, monensin, narasin, penicillin, salinomycin, spiramycin, tetracyclines, tylosin, and virginiamycin. carbadox can be dete ...	1999	10028666
isolation of endospore-forming bacilli toxic to culiseta longiareolata (diptera: culicidae) in jordan.	ten of 80 endospore-forming bacilli, isolated from various habitats of jordan, were found to be highly toxic to the 4th instar larvae of culiseta longiareolata (macquart). the bacilli were identified into the following species and strains: bacillus sphaericus (h6), b. sphaericus (h9a, 9b), b. cereus frankland and frankland, b. brevis migula and b. megaterium bary. bacillus cereus comprised 50% of the isolates. the toxic concentrations of these isolates against c. longiareolata ranged between 1.2 ...	1999	10030033
a randomly amplified polymorphic dna marker specific for the bacillus cereus group is diagnostic for bacillus anthracis.	aiming to develop a dna marker specific for bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species from bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus bacillus, including 61 strains of the b. cereus group. an 838-bp rapd marker (sg-850) specific for b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, and b. mycoides was identified. this fragment included a putat ...	1999	10049896
pulsed-light inactivation of food-related microorganisms.	the effects of high-intensity pulsed-light emissions of high or low uv content on the survival of predetermined populations of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus, and staphylococcus aureus were investigated. bacterial cultures were seeded separately on the surface of tryptone soya-yeast extract agar and were reduced by up to 2 or 6 log10 orders with 200 light pulses (pulse duration, approximately 100 ns) of low or high uv con ...	1999	10049899
separation and properties of two acetylacetoin reductases from bacillus cereus yuf-4.	the separation and purification of two kinds of acetylacetoin reductases (aacrs) from bacillus cereus yuf-4 were examined. nadph-linked aacr (aacr i) and nadh-linked aacr (aacr ii) were separated from each other by ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-cellulose chromatography, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. the former was purified 3.4-fold with a yield of 10.0%, and the latter was purified 29-fold with a yield of 15.6%. the two enzymes differ from each other in some enzymic properties such a ...	1999	10052142
syntheses and biological activities of rebeccamycin analogues. introduction of a halogenoacetyl substituent.	in the course of structure-activity relationships on rebeccamycin analogues, a series of compounds bearing a halogenoacetyl substituent were synthesized with the expectation of increasing the interaction with dna, possibly via covalent reaction with the double helix. two rebeccamycin analogues bearing an acetyl instead of a bromoacetyl substituent were prepared to gain an insight into the role of the halogen atom. the new compounds show very little effect on protein kinase c and no covalent reac ...	1999	10052965
the certification of a reference material for the evaluation of methods for the enumeration of bacillus cereus.	a reference material containing bacillus cereus was certified by the community bureau of reference (bcr) for its number of colony-forming particles (cfp) in 0.1 ml reconstituted capsule solution. to this end, a batch of approximately 15,000 capsules was produced and tested for its homogeneity and stability. the variation in the number of cfp between capsules (homogeneity) was not found to be significantly different from a poisson distribution. stability was tested for extended periods at storage ...	1999	10063626
bacillus cereus spores in raw milk: factors affecting the contamination of milk during the grazing period.	psychrotrophic bacillus cereus is a limiting factor for the shelf-life of pasteurized milk, particularly during the grazing season. potential sources of contamination and factors that might affect the spore content of milk were studied in detail for a group of eight cows during three 2-wk study periods from june to september over 2 yr. the spore content of milk was strongly associated with the degree of contamination of the teats with soil. high water content of soil, low evaporation of water an ...	1999	10068952
behavior of pythium torulosum zoospores during their interaction with tobacco roots and bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses seedling damping-off diseases caused by oomycetes and produces antibiotics that inhibit development of oomycetes in culture. the goal of this study was to determine how uw85 and its antibiotics affected the behavior of an oomycete, pythium torulosum, in its interaction with plant roots. we studied tobacco seedlings inoculated with zoospores of p. torulosum and uw85 culture, culture filtrate, washed cells, antibiotics (zwittermicin a or kanosamine), purified from c ...	1999	10069854
characterization of the mbl determinant and cloning of the spoiiid gene from bacillus cereus atcc 10987.	to examine the transcriptional start site of the putative bacillus cereus mbl gene, we have cloned and sequenced the upstream region of the previously reported b. cereus mbl determinant, which showed sequence similarity to the mreb morphogene from escherichia coli. primer extension analysis revealed the transcriptional start site of mbl to 259 bp upstream of the putative translational start site and showed that the mbl gene was expressed at 3, 6, and 10 h of growth after inoculation. antibodies ...	1999	10069858
evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of identification of food-borne pathogens by automated bacterial identification systems.	the performances of five automated microbial identification systems, relative to that of a reference identification system, for their ability to accurately and repeatedly identify six common food-borne pathogens were assessed. the systems assessed were the microlog system (biolog inc., hayward, calif.), the microbial identification system (mis; midi inc., newark, del.), the vitek system (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.), the microscan walkaway 40 system (dade-microscan international, west sacra ...	1999	10074506
lactoferrin inhibits bacillus cereus growth and heme analogs recover its growth.	the growth of bacillus cereus was markedly inhibited by the addition of lactoferrin and was recovered by the addition of fecl3. the growth inhibition was also reversed by the addition of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. b. cereus can use heme or heme-protein complex (hemoglobin-haptoglobin and hematin-albumin complexes) as iron sources in iron deficient conditions. therefore, b. cereus uses these heme or heme-protein complexes to prevent the growth inhibition of lactoferrin in vivo.	1999	10077441
detection of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin using a capture antibody elisa.	clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (plc), commonly known as alpha toxin, is the lethal, dermonecrotic toxin produced by all strains and is considered a major virulence factor in clostridial myonecrosis. we developed a capture antibody elisa that accurately and specifically quantitates alpha toxin produced by c. perfringens. another plc, derived from bacillus cereus, and culture filtrates from various bacterial species including clostridium bifermentans and clostridium novyi were not cross-r ...	1999	10080352
[bacillus cereus pneumonia].		1999	10088415
[bacillus cereus food poisoning].		1999	10088445
isolation and detection of listeria monocytogenes using fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c.	the bcm listeria monocytogenes detection system (lmds) consists of a selective preenrichment broth (lmpeb), selective enrichment broth (lmseb), selective/differential plating medium (lmpm), and identification on a confirmatory plating medium (lmcm). the efficacy of the bcm lmds was determined using pure cultures and naturally and artificially contaminated environmental sponges. the bcm lmpeb allowed the growth of listeria and resuscitation of heat-injured l. monocytogenes. the bcm lmseb, which c ...	1999	10090243
efficacy of oxonia active against selected spore formers.	alternatives to hydrogen peroxide are being sought for use in aseptic packaging systems because this sterilant is efficacious at temperatures higher than some of the newer packaging materials can tolerate. earlier in this century, peracetic acid was known to be bactericidal, sporicidal, and virucidal but was not widely used because of handling, toxicity, and stability problems. sanitizer suppliers have capitalized on the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and peracetic acid stabilized w ...	1999	10090246
a novel extracellular diterpenoid with antibacterial activity from the cyanobacterium nostoc commune.	a novel extracellular metabolite with an unprecedented diterpenoid skeleton, 8-[(5-carboxy-2-hydroxy)benzyl]-2-hydroxy-1,1,4a,7, 8-pentamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene , has been isolated from the culture medium of the terrestrial cyanobacterium nostoc commune vaucher (eawag 122b) by means of bioguided isolation. the molecule was designated as noscomin. the structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly nmr and mass spectrometry. noscomin exhibited antibact ...	1999	10096870
cytologic findings in vitreous fluids. analysis of 74 specimens.	to review the cytologic findings of vitreous specimens and propose a simplified approach to them.	1999	10097710
morphological change and enhanced pigment production of monascus when cocultured with saccharomyces cerevisiae or aspergillus oryzae	when a monascus isolate, a producer of monascus pigments, was cocultured with either saccharomyces cerevisiae or aspergillus oryzae in a solid sucrose medium, there were significant morphological changes in monascus culture. cocultures exhibited cell mass increases of 2 times and pigment yield increases of 30 to 40 times compared to monocultures of monascus. however, enhanced cell growth, an increase in pigment production, and morphological change did not occur in coculture with bacillus cereus. ...	1998	10099374
growth conditions of and emetic toxin production by bacillus cereus in a defined medium with amino acids.	the growth and emetic toxin (cereulide) production of bacillus cereus strains in defined culture media were studied. we found that a fully synthetic medium (cadm) allowed the production of emetic toxin and the addition of glucose enhanced it. by subtracting each amino acid from cadm, we found that only three amino acids, valine, leucine and threonine, were essential for growth and toxin production by b. cereus. the addition of high levels (50 mm) of leucine, isoleucine and glutamic acid decrease ...	1999	10100742
cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of gyrb of bacillus cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, and b. anthracis and their application to the detection of b. cereus in rice.	as 16s rrna sequence analysis has proven inadequate for the differentiation of bacillus cereus from closely related species, we employed the gyrase b gene (gyrb) as a molecular diagnostic marker. the gyrb genes of b. cereus jcm 2152(t), bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077(t), bacillus mycoides atcc 6462(t), and bacillus anthracis pasteur #2h were cloned and sequenced. oligonucleotide pcr primer sets were designed from within gyrb sequences of the respective bacteria for the specific amplification a ...	1999	10103241
semiautomated metabolic staining assay for bacillus cereus emetic toxin.	this paper describes a specific, sensitive, semiautomated, and quantitative hep-2 cell culture-based 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for bacillus cereus emetic toxin. of nine bacillus, brevibacillus, and paenibacillus species assessed for emetic toxin production, only b. cereus was cytotoxic.	1999	10103289
evaluation of methods for recognising strains of the bacillus cereus group with food poisoning potential among industrial and environmental contaminants.	toxin production, biochemical properties and ribotypes of bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides) strains originating from industrial and environmental sources (n = 64), from food poisoning incidents (n = 22) and from reference sources (n = 7) were analysed. forty ribotypes were found among the 93 strains. eleven strains from food poisoning incidents produced emetic (mitochondrio) toxin, as determined by the boar spermatozoa toxicity test. these strains possessed closely ...	1999	10188285
uptake kinetics of nucleic acid targeting dyes in s. aureus, e. faecalis and b. cereus: a flow cytometric study.	for flow cytometry-based detection as well as susceptibility testing and counting, staining of the bacterial cells is essential. in an attempt to develop rapid preparatory procedures for nucleic acid staining of wild type gram positive bacteria, the uptake of fluorescent dyes in viable s. aureus, e. faecalis, and b. cereus cells was studied by flow cytometry under conditions intended to block probe efflux and increase cell wall permeability. the aim of the study was to develop procedures which a ...	1999	10192050
catalytic cycle of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus. solvent viscosity, deuterium isotope effects, and proton inventory studies.	the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (plcbc) is a 28.5 kda enzyme with three zinc ions in its active site. although much is known about the roles that various plcbc active site amino acids play in binding and catalysis, there is little information about the rate-determining step of the plcbc-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids and the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. to gain insight into these aspects of the hydrolysis, solvent viscosity variation experiments w ...	1999	10194360
detection of toxigenic strains of bacillus cereus and other bacillus spp. with an improved cytotoxicity assay.	an improved qualitative cell cytotoxicity assay for the detection of bacillus cereus emetic and enterotoxin is described. the presence of toxin in culture supernatant fluids was detected by measurement with the tetrazolium salt mtt, as it adversely affects the metabolic status of cultured cho cells. psychrotrophic b. cereus isolates (65) were assessed for toxin production using the cytotoxicity assay, and 91% of culture supernatant fluids were cytotoxic. toxin assessment using bcet-rpla and elis ...	1999	10196773
expression of a germination-specific amidase, sleb, of bacilli in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells and its localization on the exterior side of the cortex in dormant spores.	a germination-specific amidase of bacilli is a major spore-lytic enzyme that is synthesized with a putative signal sequence and hydrolyses spore cortex in situ. the sleb gene encoding this amidase in bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus was expressed in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells under the control of sigmag, as shown by northern blot and primer extension analyses. the forespore-specific expression of b. subtilis sleb was further indicated by the forespore-specific accumulati ...	1999	10197998
correlation of 16s ribosomal dna signature sequences with temperature-dependent growth rates of mesophilic and psychrotolerant strains of the bacillus cereus group.	sequences of the 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) from psychrotolerant and mesophilic strains of the bacillus cereus group revealed signatures which were specific for these two thermal groups of bacteria. further analysis of the genomic dna from a wide range of food and soil isolates showed that b. cereus group strains have between 6 and 10 copies of 16s rdna. moreover, a number of these environmental strains have both rdna operons with psychrotolerant signatures and rdna operons with mesophilic signatu ...	1999	10198030
the role of the non-conserved residue at position 104 of class a beta-lactamases in susceptibility to mechanism-based inhibitors.	the role of the non-conserved amino acid residue at position 104 of the class a beta-lactamases, which comprises a highly conserved sequence of amino acids at the active sites of these enzymes, in both the hydrolysis of beta-lactam substrates and inactivation by mechanism-based inhibitors was investigated. site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the penpc gene encoding the bacillus cereus 569/h beta-lactamase i to replace asp104 with the corresponding staphylococcus aureus pc1 residue ala104. ...	1999	10209286
dust-borne bacteria in animal sheds, schools and children's day care centres.	a total of 316 bacterial strains, including psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles, were isolated and identified from indoor dusts in schools, children's day care centres and animal sheds. several species which had not previously been reported from indoor environments were found: sphingomonas, brevibacterium, nocardiopsis, deinococcus and rhodococcus/gordona. a new psychrophilic actinomycete genus was also found in animal sheds, representing a new undescribed peptidoglycan type and an unusua ...	1999	10212408
preparation, 195pt nmr spectra and biological activity of platinum (iv) complexes with dipeptides.	three dipeptide complexes of the form k[pt(iv) (dipep) cl(oh)2] and four dipeptide complexes of the form k[pt(iv)-(hdipep)cl2(oh)2] were newly prepared. the 195 pt nmr peak of the k[pt(iv) (dipep)cl(oh)2] complexes appeared at about 1200 ppm and these chemical shifts were about 3150 ppm downfield compared with those of the k[pt(ii) (dipep) cl] complexes. the chemical shifts of the k[pt(iv) (hdipep) cl2 (oh)2] complexes were at about 900 ppm, i.e., about 3050 ppm downfield compared with those of ...	1999	10212991
effect of "siljo" fermentation on growth of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes.	the fate of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and listeria monocytogenes in control gruel and fermenting "siljo" was assessed. s. aureus reached levels of 10(8) cfu/ml within 48 h in the control gruel. in fermenting "siljo" the count decreased all through the fermentation time. b.cereus was completely inhibited in fermenting "siljo" within 24 h, whereas it survived until 72 h in the control gruel. complete inhibition of l.monocytogenes was noted at 48 h in fermenting "siljo". l.monocytogen ...	1997	10214435
macromolecular antimicrobial glycoprotein, achacin, expressed in a methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.	a cdna encoding achacin, an antimicrobial glycoprotein from the body surface mucus of giant african snail achacina fulica férussac, was expressed in a methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris, and recombinant achacin (rach) was secreted in yeast minimal medium in a polyglycosylated form with 80 kda. carbohydrate analysis revealed that the glycosylated moiety of rach was composed of 50 mol mannose and 2 mol n-acetylglucosamine residues. antimicrobial activity using escherichia coli and staphylococcu ...	1999	10217406
genome organization is not conserved between bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis.	the opportunistic pathogen bacillus cereus is the genetically stable member of a group of closely related bacteria including the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis and the mammalian pathogen bacillus anthracis. physical maps of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis strains show considerable variations in discrete parts of the chromosome, suggesting that certain genome regions are more prone to rearrangements. b. cereus belongs to the same subgroup of bacillus species as bacillus subtilis, by both p ...	1999	10217496
genetic basis in plants for interactions with disease-suppressive bacteria.	plant health depends, in part, on associations with disease-suppressive microflora, but little is known about the role of plant genes in establishing such associations. identifying such genes will contribute to understanding the basis for plant health in natural communities and to new strategies to reduce dependence on pesticides in agriculture. to assess the role of the plant host in disease suppression, we used a genetic mapping population of tomato to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol a ...	1999	10220371
mono- and binuclear zn2+-beta-lactamase. role of the conserved cysteine in the catalytic mechanism.	when expressed by pathogenic bacteria, zn2+-beta-lactamases induce resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics. a possible strategy to fight these bacteria would be a combined therapy with non-toxic inhibitors of zn2+-beta-lactamases together with standard antibiotics. for this purpose, it is important to verify that the inhibitor is effective under all clinical conditions. we have investigated the correlation between the number of zinc ions bound to the zn2+-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus a ...	1999	10224083
an organosulfur compound isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract, and its antimicrobial effect.	an organosulfur compound was isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract by silica gel column chromatography and preparative tlc. from the results of nmr, ir, and ms analyses, its structure was determined as e-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,7-diene-9-oxide (iso-e-10-devinylajoene, iso-e-10-da). this compound was different from e-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,6-diene-9-oxide (e-10-devinylajoene, e-10-da) only in the position of a double bond. iso-e-10-da had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, such ...	1999	10227149
corona plasma discharge for rapid analysis of microorganisms by mass spectrometry.	corona plasma discharge provides a rapid and reliable tool for release of biomarkers from gram negative and positive bacteria, spores and viruses for characterization by mass spectrometry.	1999	10230068
mic231, a naturally occurring mobile insertion cassette from bacillus cereus.	recent dissection of numerous plasmids and transposable elements has given more credence to the modular organization of these genetic and genomic entities. although many variations on each theme exist, the number of basic functional cassettes is thought to be relatively limited. in this paper, a novel type of mobile cassette is described. a naturally occurring assemblage consisting of two left is231 ends flanking a d-stereospecific endopeptidase (adp) gene was found in several natural isolates o ...	1999	10320586
synthesis of some new biologically-active coumarin derivatives.	coumarin and 6-nitrocoumarin hydrazones (2a,b), respectively, were prepared via the reaction of 2-thiocoumarin (1a,b) derivatives with hydrazine hydrate. the hydrazones were used as key intermediates for the preparation of some benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles (21-24) through the reaction of different acyl halides and subsequent cyclization in n,n-dimethylaniline. benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-3-thione (25a,b) was prepared by the reaction of 1a with cs2 on which some alkylation, acylation and mannich re ...	1999	10321030
[bacillary endophthalmitis. four case reports].	bacillary endophthalmitis occurring after penetrating ocular trauma with an intraocular foreign body is always associated with poor visual outcome. bacilli cause fulminant infection associated with tissue damage in the intraocular structures.	1999	10337596
toward functional genomics in bacteria: analysis of gene expression in escherichia coli from a bacterial artificial chromosome library of bacillus cereus.	as the study of microbes moves into the era of functional genomics, there is an increasing need for molecular tools for analysis of a wide diversity of microorganisms. currently, biological study of many prokaryotes of agricultural, medical, and fundamental scientific interest is limited by the lack of adequate genetic tools. we report the application of the bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) vector to prokaryotic biology as a powerful approach to address this need. we constructed a bac libra ...	1999	10339608
nisin in milk sensitizes bacillus spores to heat and prevents recovery of survivors.	decimal reduction times (d values) were determined for bacillus cereus t spores and b. stearothermophilus atcc 12980 spores in skim milk supplemented with various concentrations (0, 2,000, and 4,000 iu/ml) of the bacteriocin nisin by using an immersed, sealed capillary tube procedure. for both organisms, the addition of nisin lowered the apparent d values. for b. cereus, the addition of 2,000 iu of nisin per ml to skim milk before heating significantly (p< or =0.05) lowered the apparent d value ...	1999	10340670
pathological effect of synthetic cereulide, an emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, is reversible in mice.	cereulide is the causative toxin of the emetic type of food-borne illness caused by bacillus cereus. this toxin was previously shown to be associated with fulminant liver failure in a human case. mice were injected i.p. with synthetic cereulide and the development of histopathological changes was examined. hepatocytes showed mitochondrial swelling with loss of cristae, and dose-dependent increase of small fatty droplets. these microsteatotic hepatocytes were distributed mainly in the pericentral ...	1999	10340720
synthesis, mode of action, and biological activities of rebeccamycin bromo derivatives.	bromo analogues of the natural metabolite rebeccamycin with and without a methyl substituent on the imide nitrogen were synthesized. the effects of the drugs on protein kinase c, the binding to dna, and the effect on topoisomerase i were determined. the drugs' uptake and their antiproliferative activities against p388 leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to camptothecin, their antimicrobial activity against a gram-positive bacterium (b. cereus), and their anti-hiv-1 activity were measured and ...	1999	10346933
isolation, partial purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a newly isolated bacillus subtilis strain.	a wild type micro-organism producing antibacterial substances has been isolated from a chinese fermented soybean seasoning and identified as bacillus subtilis. a crude antibacterial preparation (cabp) was obtained by ammonium sulphate precipitation. isoelectric focusing assay revealed at least four antimicrobial components in the cabp. however, in sds-page analysis, only one peptide band displayed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes. this inhibito ...	1999	10347890
improved cytotoxicity assay for bacillus cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin.	an improved mccoy cell cytotoxicity assay for bacillus cereus diarrhoeal toxin, which includes a staining procedure in addition to visual examination, was developed and the method was compared with two commercially available kits (oxoid bcet-rpla and tecra bde-via). a total of 71 strains of 15 different bacillus, brevibacillus and paenibacillus species, including 16 strains of b. cereus from outbreaks of food-borne illness, were evaluated for toxin production. eleven of the outbreak strains exhi ...	1999	10347895
crystal structure of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides at 2.2 a resolution.	the crystal structure of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides was determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method. the structure was refined to a final r-factor of 0.186 for 102,807 independent reflections with f/sigma(f) > or = 2.0 at 2.2 a resolution with root-mean-square deviations from ideality in bond lengths, and bond angles of 0.014 a and 3.00 degrees, respectively. the asymmetric unit comprises four molecules exhibiting a dimer-of-dimers structure. the enzyme, howeve ...	1999	10348915
structure of raw starch-digesting bacillus cereus beta-amylase complexed with maltose.	the crystals of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus belong to space group p21 with the following cell dimensions: a = 57.70 a, b = 92.87 a, c = 65.93 a, and beta =101.95 degrees. the structures of free and maltose-bound beta-amylases were determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.1 and 2.5 a with r-factors of 0.170 and 0.164, respectively. the final model of the maltose-bound form comprises 516 amino acid residues, four maltose molecules, 275 water molecules, one ca2+, one acetate, and one sulfate ...	1999	10353816
comparison between automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of bacillus cereus isolates from the dairy industry.	discrimination by automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna pcr, rapd, was compared for 40 different b. cereus dairy isolates, 4 different b. mycoides isolates and 6 culture collection strains. rapd-pcr has previously shown to be useful for tracing contamination routes of b. cereus to milk. automatic ribotyping using ecori and pvuii separated the b. cereus and b. mycoides isolates/strains into 36 different ribotypes. rapd-typing with primers generated 40 different rapd-profiles. ...	1999	10357283
influence of temperature shifts on survival, growth, and toxin production by psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of bacillus cereus in potatoes and chicken gravy.	a study was done to determine the influence of temperature on growth and toxin production characteristics of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of bacillus cereus when inoculated into mashed potatoes and chicken gravy containing various concentrations of sodium chloride and held at temperatures different from those at which cells had been cultured. logarithmic growth phase cells (10 h, 30 degrees c) of psychrotrophic (f3802a/84) and mesophilic (b4ac-1) strains of bacillus cereus were inoculat ...	1999	10359488
modeling the inhibitory effects of organic acids on bacteria.	the inhibitory effect of acids on microbial growth has long been used to preserve foods from spoilage. while much of the effect can be accounted for by ph, it is well known that different organic acids vary considerably in their inhibitory effects. because organic acids are not members of a homologous series, but vary in the numbers of carboxy groups, hydroxy groups and carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule, it has typically not been possible to predict the magnitude, or in some cases even ...	1999	10359489
plcr is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factor gene expression in bacillus thuringiensis.	members of the bacillus cereus group (b. anthracis, b. cereus, b. mycoides and b. thuringiensis) are well-known pathogens of mammals (b. anthracis and b. cereus) and insects (b. thuringiensis). the specific diseases they cause depend on their capacity to produce specific virulence factors, such as the lethal toxin of b. anthracis and the cry toxins of b. thuringiensis. however, these bacillus spp. also produce a variety of proteins, such as phospholipases c, which are known to act as virulence f ...	1999	10361306
nosocomial pseudoepidemic caused by bacillus cereus traced to contaminated ethyl alcohol from a liquor factory.	from september 1990 to october 1990, 15 patients who were admitted to four different departments of the national taiwan university hospital, including nine patients in the emergency department, three in the hematology/oncology ward, two in the surgical intensive care unit, and one in a pediatric ward, were found to have positive blood (14 patients) or pleural effusion (1 patient) cultures for bacillus cereus. after extensive surveillance cultures, 19 additional isolates of b. cereus were recover ...	1999	10364598
time for a fresh look at the bacterial chromosome.		1999	10366858
pathogenesis of gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis.	the severity of endophthalmitis has been associated generally with the virulence of the offending pathogen. however, precisely what constitutes the virulence in intraocular infections remains ill defined. we therefore sought to identify the basis for virulence for three common ocular pathogens (bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus) in terms of intraocular growth rates, bacterial localization patterns, and the contribution of cell walls and secreted products to the pa ...	1999	10377112
role of hemolysin bl in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal bacillus cereus infection assessed in an endophthalmitis model.	bacillus cereus is a rare cause of serious human infection but, paradoxically, causes one of the most severe posttraumatic or endogenous infections of the eye, endophthalmitis, which frequently results in blindness. the virulence of b. cereus endophthalmitis historically has been attributed to toxin production. we therefore sought to examine the contribution of the dermonecrotic toxin, hemolysin bl, to the pathogenesis of b. cereus infection in an endophthalmitis system that is highly amenable t ...	1999	10377113