Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| first description of nonmotile vibrio vulnificus strains virulent for eels. | nonmotile vibrio vulnificus strains were isolated as pure cultures from body ulcers and internal organs of wild diseased european eels caught in a mediterranean freshwater coastal lagoon. all 54 v. vulnificus isolates were nonmotile, indole-, ornithine decarboxilase-, mannitol- and cellobiose-positive, developed the opaque variant in culture, belonged to the o-antigenic serovar a and were highly virulent for eels by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenges. the nonmotile phenotype ... | 2007 | 17233719 |
| positive regulation of fur gene expression via direct interaction of fur in a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus. | in pathogenic bacteria, the ability to acquire iron, which is mainly regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (fur), is essential to maintain growth as well as its virulence. in vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen causing gastroenteritis and septicemia, fur gene expression is positively regulated by fur when the iron concentration is limited (h.-j. lee et al., j. bacteriol. 185:5891-5896, 2003). footprinting analysis revealed that an upstream region of the fur gene was protected by the fur prote ... | 2007 | 17237166 |
| role of ntrc in biofilm formation via controlling expression of the gene encoding an adp-glycero-manno-heptose-6-epimerase in the pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus. | to identify the genetic elements required for biofilm formation, we screened a pool of random vibrio vulnificus mutants for their ability to form biofilms. one mutant displaying significantly decreased biofilm-forming activity was found to contain a transposon insertion in the ntrc gene. the ntrc gene encodes a well-known transcriptional activator. we examined how this regulator modulates a biofilm-forming process in v. vulnificus by searching for ntrc target gene(s). comparison of the proteomes ... | 2007 | 17241201 |
| necrotizing fasciitis from vibrio vulnificus in a patient with undiagnosed hepatitis and cirrhosis. | necrotizing fasciitis due to vibrio vulnificus may result in overwhelming sepsis, leading to death in some patients. significant risk factors for severe disease include preexisting liver disease. we report a case of vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with previously undiagnosed chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. | 2007 | 17251404 |
| vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe is essentially required for swarming. | bacterial swarming constitutes a good in vitro model for surface adherence and colonization, and is accompanied by expressions of virulence factors related to invasiveness. in this study, it was determined that vibrio vulnificus swarming was abolished by mutation of the vvpe gene encoding a metalloprotease vvpe and this swarming defect was recovered by complementation of the vvpe gene. expression of the vvpe gene began simultaneously with the beginning of swarming and increased along with expres ... | 2007 | 17263846 |
| vibrio vulnificus-necrotizing fasciitis in patient with cirrhosis. | 2007 | 17268133 | |
| multiplex pcr assay for detection of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 and simultaneous discrimination of serovar e strains. | in the present work we develop a multiplex pcr assay for the detection and identification of the fish pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with discriminating potential for zoonotic strains (serovar e). the pcr assay allowed the identification of two new biotype 2 serovar e human isolates from culture collections. finally, the multiplex was successfully applied to both diagnosis and carrier detection in field samples. | 2007 | 17277209 |
| membrane cholesterol is required for activity of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) forms a pore in the plasma membrane and induces cytolysis of various cells including erythrocytes, neutrophil and endothelial cells. the cytolytic activity of vvc is inhibited by exogenously added cholesterol, suggesting that membrane cholesterol might be required for vvc cytolytic activity. however, there is no direct evidence that membrane cholesterol is involved in vvc-induced cytolysis. herein we demonstrate that membrane cholesterol is required for binding ... | 2007 | 17285326 |
| the role of quorum sensing and the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation by strains of vibrio vulnificus. | it has been suggested that vibrio vulnificus attaches to plankton and algae and is found in large numbers in the environment. factors affecting attachment, biofilm formation and morphology of v. vulnificus have not been thoroughly investigated. this study evaluated the role of quorum sensing (qs) and environmental conditions on biofilm development of v. vulnificus. it was found that biofilm development by v. vulnificus was affected by nutrient and glucose concentration, but not by nacl concentra ... | 2006 | 17290858 |
| serological and molecular characteristics of vibrio vulnificus biotype 3: evidence for high clonality. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 has been implicated as the causative pathogen of an ongoing disease outbreak that erupted in israel in 1996. recent work based on multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) showed that v. vulnificus biotype 3 is genetically homogeneous. the aim of this study was to investigate the existence of subpopulations within this homogeneous biotype by characterizing the surface antigens and analysing the sequence diversity of selected outer-membrane protein (omp)-encoding genes. rabbi ... | 2007 | 17322205 |
| shewanella infection in decompensated liver disease: a septic case. | shewanella species are an unusual cause of disease in humans. however, reports of shewanella infections have been increasing, and hepatobiliary disease has been proposed as a predisposing factor following a critical course. we report the first japanese septic case of decompensated liver disease in which this bacterium acted as a definite pathogen. a 67-year-old japanese man with primary sclerosing cholangitis was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever, general fatigue, pain, and a rash on ... | 2007 | 17322999 |
| occurrence of vibrio spp. in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from the german wadden sea. | the present study aimed at determining the contamination of blue mussels grown in germany with relevant bacterial organisms. seasonal variations were examined. for that purpose, mussel samples were taken regularly between june 2004 and may 2005 in seven shellfish-growing areas of the german wadden sea. a total of 90 samples were analysed. the analysis included the compulsory microbiological parameters escherichia coli and salmonella spp., as well as the determination of the contamination with vi ... | 2007 | 17331605 |
| necrotizing soft-tissue infections and sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus compared with those caused by aeromonas species. | vibrio and aeromonas species, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis and primary septicemia, are members of the vibrionaceae family and thrive in aquatic environments. because the clinical symptoms and signs of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by these two bacteria are similar, the purposes of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas infections, to analyze the risk factors for death, and to compare the effects of surgical treatment on the ... | 2007 | 17332113 |
| refined medium for direct isolation of vibrio vulnificus from oyster tissue and seawater. | we have developed a new medium for the direct isolation of vibrio vulnificus from water and oyster samples. the medium was shown in laboratory and field studies to be highly selective without providing preferential isolation of either v. vulnificus genotype. | 2007 | 17337558 |
| [studies on vibrio vulnificus infection: molecular epidemiology of environment-derived strains and clinical isolates]. | to clarify the route and source of vibrio vulnificus infection, we conducted molecular epidemiological investigation by dna analysis of 355 environmental isolates (seawater-derived strain: 86, sea mud-derived strain:36, and oyster-derived strain: 233) and 65 human clinical isolates, for a total of 420 isolates, using pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge), with the following results. 1. when dna was cleaved with 2 enzymes, not i and sfi i, and subjected to pfge, not i dna interpretation was 76.9 ... | 2007 | 17338316 |
| comment on "vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus necrotising fasciitis in fishermen visiting an estuarine tropical northern australia location". | 2007 | 17350104 | |
| chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci can diminish large-scale genome reductions in the absence of selection. | superintegrons (sis) are chromosomal genetic elements containing assemblies of genes, each flanked by a recombination sequence (attc site) targeted by the integron integrase. sis may contain hundreds of attc sites and intrinsic instability is anticipated; yet sis are remarkably stable. this implies that either selective pressure maintains the genes or mechanisms exist which favour their persistence in the absence of selection. toxin/antitoxin (ta) systems encode a stable toxin and a specific, un ... | 2007 | 17367382 |
| the pyrh gene of vibrio vulnificus is an essential in vivo survival factor. | we have suggested an important role of the pyrh gene during the infectious process of vibrio vulnificus. previously, we have identified 12 genes expressed preferentially during human infections by using in vivo-induced antigen technology. among the in vivo-expressed genes, pyrh encodes ump kinase catalyzing ump phosphorylation. introduction of a deletion mutation to the pyrh gene was lethal to v. vulnificus, and an insertional mutant showed a high frequency of curing. we constructed a site-direc ... | 2007 | 17371864 |
| thermal factors influencing detection of vibrio vulnificus using real-time pcr. | five thermal factors, including initial denaturation temperature, cycling denaturation temperature, annealing temperature, extension temperature and the temperature at which the intensity of the fluorescent signal is read, were evaluated for their effects on the detection of vibrio vulnificus via real-time pcr. fluorescent signal detection after extension was set between the tm value of the primer-dimers (79 degrees c) and that of the pcr target amplicons (84 degrees c). this effectively elimina ... | 2007 | 17383036 |
| growth response of vibrio cholerae and other vibrio spp. to cyanobacterial dissolved organic matter and temperature in brackish water. | environmental control of growth and persistence of vibrios in aquatic environments is poorly understood even though members of the genus vibrio are globally important pathogens. to study how algal-derived organic matter and temperature influenced the abundance of different vibrio spp., baltic sea microcosms inoculated with vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and native bacterioplankton, were exposed to different temperatures (12-25 degrees c) and ame ... | 2007 | 17386033 |
| surface properties of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus adheres to a diverse range of surfaces, ranging from the chitinous exoskeleton of mollusks to human tissue. to determine whether environmental and human clinical isolates exhibit different adhesion traits, we studied the ability of 10 environmental isolates and 10 clinical isolates to adhere to human epithelial cells and hydrocarbons with log p values ranging from 3.1 to 8.2. | 2007 | 17397482 |
| recovery and detection of vibrio vulnificus during cold storage. | different cultural techniques and molecular methods for the detection of vibrio vulnificus during cold storage in a model broth system were compared. two strains of v. vulnificus were grown to stationary phase and inoculated (10(6) cfu/ml) into tryptic soy broth with 2% sodium chloride (tsbn2) or artificial seawater (asw), both pre-chilled to 5 degrees c. these were stored for 10 days, with sub-sampling conducted at time 0 and every 2 days thereafter. each subsample was plated, by both pour and ... | 2007 | 17418319 |
| the hlyu protein is a positive regulator of rtxa1, a gene responsible for cytotoxicity and virulence in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that preferentially infects compromised iron-overloaded patients, causing a fatal primary septicemia with very rapid progress, resulting in a high mortality rate. in this study we determined that the hlyu protein, a virulence factor in v. vulnificus cmcp6, up-regulates the expression of vv20479, a homologue of the vibrio cholerae rtx (repeats in toxin) toxin gene that we named rtxa1. this gene is part of an operon together with two other open ... | 2007 | 17438022 |
| ligand-induced folding of the adenosine deaminase a-riboswitch and implications on riboswitch translational control. | by using a structure-based fluorescence spectroscopic approach, we have examined the folding of an adenine-responsive riboswitch that regulates translation initiation. we observed adaptive recognition of the ligand for the aptamer domain of adenosine deaminase (add) mrna from vibrio vulnificus, and revealed pronounced conformational changes even in the preorganized loop-loop region that is distant from the binding site. importantly, the full-length riboswitch domain, which has a potential transl ... | 2007 | 17440909 |
| synergistic antimicrobial effect of cefotaxime and minocycline on proinflammatory cytokine levels in a murine model of vibrio vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus causes primary bacteremia and necrotizing wound infection, leading to high morbidity and mortality in humans. this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of cefotaxime and minocycline on proinflammatory cytokine levels in a murine model of v. vulnificus infection. | 2007 | 17446960 |
| production of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe begins during the early growth phase: usefulness of gelatin-zymography. | recent studies have demonstrated that expression of the vvpe gene begins during the early growth phase albeit at low levels. however, we found that the traditional protease assay method that is used to measure caseinolytic activity in culture supernatants is not suitable for the measurement of extracellular vvpe that is produced at low levels during the early growth phase. by using gelatin-zymography in place of the protease assay, we could specifically detect only vvpe of several proteases prod ... | 2007 | 17467832 |
| a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from vibrio vulnificus with both blue fluorescence and oxidoreductase activity. | a dual function blue fluorescent protein from vibrio vulnificus is also an nadph-dependent oxidoreductase, rendering it a useful tool for biophysical studies. | 2007 | 17476406 |
| identification and characterization of the vibrio vulnificus rtxa essential for cytotoxicity in vitro and virulence in mice. | a mutant exhibiting decreased cytotoxic activity toward int-407 intestinal epithelial cells and carrying a mutation in the rtx gene cluster that consists of rtxca and rtxbde operons was screened from a library of v. vulnificus mutants. the functions of the rtxa gene, assessed by constructing an isogenic mutant and evaluating its phenotypic changes, demonstrated that rtxa is essential for the virulence of v. vulnificus in mice as well as in tissue cultures. | 2007 | 17483800 |
| identification of quorum sensing-related regulons in vibrio vulnificus by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially displayed reverse transcriptase pcr. | vibrio vulnificus is thought to employ a quorum-sensing system to control the expression of a global gene. in this study, proteomes and transcriptomes of a lacz null mutant, vvsr delta z, and a luxs-smcr double mutant, vvsr delta zsr, were compared with the parent strain, vvar, by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-page) and differentially displayed reverse transcriptase pcr (ddrt-pcr). 2d-page analysis showed that 36 protein spots were differentially expressed, 14 of which have be ... | 2007 | 17506728 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a new fish-virulent vibrio vulnificus serovar that lacks potential to infect humans. | vibrio vulnificus is a bacterial species that is virulent for humans and fish. human isolates are classified into biotypes 1 and 3 (bt1 and bt3) and fish isolates into biotype 2 (bt2). however, a few human infections caused by bt2 isolates have been reported worldwide (zoonosis). these bt2 human isolates belong to serovar e (sere), which is also present in diseased fish. the aim of the present work was to characterize a new bt2 serovar [serovar a (sera)], which emerged in the european fish-farmi ... | 2007 | 17526849 |
| [isolation and identification of species from the genera aeromonas, vibrio, and plesiomonas from extraintestinal samples in cuba]. | extraintestinal infections caused by the genera aeromonas, vibrio and plesiomonas have high morbidity and mortality rates in different areas of world. from january 2002 to december 2003, the national reference laboratory for acute diarrhoeal diseases of the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute received 95 gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase positive bacilli strains from different extraintestinal specimen (blood, ear exudates, infected wounds, conjunctive exudates, urine, and cathete ... | 2007 | 17554439 |
| role of type iv pilins in persistence of vibrio vulnificus in crassostrea virginica oysters. | vibrio vulnificus is part of the natural estuarine microflora and accumulates in shellfish through filter feeding. it is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated fatalities in the united states mainly through consumption of raw oysters. previously we have shown that a v. vulnificus mutant unable to express pild, the type iv prepilin peptidase, does not express pili on the surface of the bacterium and is defective in adherence to human epithelial cells (r. n. paranjpye, j. c. lara, j. c ... | 2007 | 17557854 |
| gene expression and localization of the epinecidin-1 antimicrobial peptide in the grouper (epinephelus coioides), and its role in protecting fish against pathogenic infection. | epinecidin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide and plays a vital role in protecting fish against pathogenic infection. as a mimic of a grouper epinecidin-1 peptide, it has tertiary structures that closely resemble those of pleurocidin found in the winter flounder (pleuronectes americanus). the tissue-specific, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulation-specific, and poly(i):poly(c)-stimulation-specific expressions of the grouper (epinephelus coioides) epinecidin-1 antimicrobial peptide were determined using ... | 2007 | 17570764 |
| catecholamine-induced stimulation of growth in vibrio species. | to evaluate the effect of norepinephrine (ne) and related compounds on the growth of bacteria, we have examined the effect of the neuroendocrine hormone ne and related compounds on the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other human-pathogenic vibrio species (vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio mimicus). | 2007 | 17576228 |
| vibrio vulnificus damages macrophages during the early phase of infection. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that can cause primary septicemia as well as serious wound infections. generally, clinical isolates have a high lethal effect compared with environmental isolates. however, little is known about the mechanisms by which v. vulnificus causes disease. in this study, we compared the pathogenicity of a clinical isolate, strain m2799, with that of an environmental isolate, strain jcm3731. the clinical isolate showed 100 times higher lethality in mice than th ... | 2007 | 17591793 |
| pathogenic bacteria associated with oysters (crassostrea brasiliana) and estuarine water along the south coast of brazil. | oysters and estuarine water samples were collected monthly, from june 1998 to march 1999, in the cananéia estuary, on the south coast of são paulo, brazil, and analyzed for bacterial hazards with and without depuration in filtered estuarine water. aeromonas spp., plesiomonas shigelloides, vibrio cholerae o1, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus were counted in oyster samples using the most probable number (mpn) and their presence verified in the surrounding estuarine water samples. the ... | 2007 | 17613090 |
| rapid and specific identification of 5 human pathogenic vibrio species by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeted to dnaj gene. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, specifically designed for application in routine diagnostic laboratories, was developed for identifying 5 human pathogen vibrio species: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio mimicus, and vibrio alginolyticus. this assay directed toward the dnaj gene was tested on a total of 355 strains representing 13 vibrio species and 17 non-vibrio species. specific pcr fragments were produced in isolates belonging to the 5 targ ... | 2007 | 17614235 |
| emergence of a virulent clade of vibrio vulnificus and correlation with the presence of a 33-kilobase genomic island. | vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous inhabitant of the marine coastal environment, and an important pathogen of humans. we characterized a globally distributed sample of environmental isolates from a range of habitats and hosts and compared these with isolates recovered from cases of human infection. multilocus sequence typing data using six housekeeping genes divided 63 of the 67 isolates into the two main lineages previously noted for this species, and this division was also confirmed using the 1 ... | 2007 | 17616611 |
| inhibition of vibrio biofilm formation by a marine actinomycete strain a66. | china remains by far the largest aquaculture producer in the world. however, biofilms formed by pathogenic vibrio strains pose serious problems to marine aquaculture. to provide a strategy for biofilm prevention, control, and eradication, extracts from 88 marine actinomycetes were screened. thirty-five inhibited the biofilm formation of vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio anguillarum at a concentration of 2.5% (v/v). thirty-three of the actinomycete extracts dispersed the mature biofil ... | 2007 | 17624525 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection in são paulo, brazil: case report and literature review. | non cholera vibrio may cause conjunctivitis, wound infection, gastroenteritis and serious sepsis. transmission to men is through contact with skin, mucosa or wounds exposed to marine water, and consumption of certain barely cooked or raw seafood, more frequently in the summer. this is one of the first cases of severe infection related to vibrio vulnificus described in brazil. the patient was an old man, who ingested seafood in guarujá, a seashore city near são paulo, 3 days before hospitalizatio ... | 2007 | 17625784 |
| phylogenetic diversity and the structural basis of substrate specificity in the beta/alpha-barrel fold basic amino acid decarboxylases. | the beta/alpha-barrel fold type basic amino acid decarboxylases include eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylases (odc) and bacterial and plant enzymes with activity on l-arginine and meso-diaminopimelate. these enzymes catalyze essential steps in polyamine and lysine biosynthesis. phylogenetic analysis suggests that diverse bacterial species also contain odc-like enzymes from this fold type. however, in comparison with the eukaryotic odcs, amino acid differences were identified in the sequence of the ... | 2007 | 17626020 |
| classification of response regulators based on their surface properties. | the two-component signal transduction system is a ubiquitous signaling module present in most prokaryotic and some eukaryotic systems. two conserved components, a histidine protein kinase (hpk) protein and a response regulator (rr) protein, function as a biological switch, sensing and responding to changes in the environment, thereby eliciting a specific response. extensive studies have classified the hpk and rr proteins using primary sequence characteristics, domain identity, domain organizatio ... | 2007 | 17628138 |
| vibrio vulnificus ilpa-induced cytokine production is mediated by toll-like receptor 2. | vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium causing primary septicemia, which follows a classical septic shock pathway, including an overwhelming inflammatory cytokine response. in this study, we identified a putative lipoprotein of v. vulnificus, encoded by the ilpa gene, as one of the surface proteins that specifically reacted with the antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins of v. vulnificus. using a mutant v. vulnificus in which its ilpa gene was knocked out, we found that ilpa is i ... | 2007 | 17640874 |
| the n-terminal propeptide of vibrio vulnificus extracellular metalloprotease is both an inhibitor of and a substrate for the enzyme. | vibrio vulnificus, a marine bacterium capable of causing wound infection and septicemia, secretes a 45-kda metalloprotease (vep) with many biological activities. the precursor of vep consists of four regions: a signal peptide, an n-terminal propeptide (npp), a c-terminal propeptide, and the mature protease. two forms of vep-vep-45, which contains the mature protease plus the c-terminal propeptide, and vep-34, which contains only the mature protease-were expressed in escherichia coli and purified ... | 2007 | 17644589 |
| screening and evaluation of probiotics as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic vibrios in marine aquaculture. | the present work aims at finding potential probionts from marine sources as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic vibrio species in shrimp larval culture. | 2007 | 17651222 |
| vibrio vulnificus typing based on simple sequence repeats: insights into the biotype 3 group. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic, highly invasive human pathogen with worldwide distribution. v. vulnificus strains are commonly divided into three biochemical groups (biotypes), most members of which are pathogenic. simple sequence repeats (ssr) provide a source of high-level genomic polymorphism used in bacterial typing. here, we describe the use of variations in mutable ssr loci for accurate and rapid genotyping of v. vulnificus. an in silico screen of the genomes of two v. vulnificus st ... | 2007 | 17652479 |
| [pathogenic vibrios in oysters (crassostrea rhizophorae) served at restaurants in rio de janeiro: a public health warning]. | forty oyster samples (crassostrea rhizophorae) served raw in 15 restaurants in the city of rio de janeiro were evaluated in order to investigate the presence of vibrio spp. the oyster samples were analyzed and subjected to enrichment in alkaline peptone water with the addition of 1 and 3% nacl and incubated at 37 degrees c for 24 hours. following this, the cultures were seeded onto thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (tcbs) and the suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical characterizat ... | 2007 | 17653465 |
| necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus: epidemiology, clinical findings, treatment and prevention. | necrotizing fasciitis is a soft-tissue infection with a high risk of fatality. infection with vibrio vulnificus can lead to development of necrotizing fasciitis and primary septicemia, and occurs mostly in immunocompromised host-associated diseases such as hepatic disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, and adrenal insufficiency. early recognition and treatment of the infection, which are unclear, are vital to patient welfare. we studied the disease epidemiology and reviewed the ... | 2007 | 17674061 |
| the evolution of genetic structure in the marine pathogen, vibrio vulnificus. | multi-locus sequence types (mlst) from a global collection of vibrio vulnificus isolates were analysed for the contribution of recombination to the evolution of two divergent clusters of strains and a human-pathogenic hybrid genotype, which caused a disease outbreak in israel. recombination contributes more substantially than mutation to generating strain diversity. for allelic diversity within loci, the ratio of recombination to mutation events is approximately 2:1. the role of recombination re ... | 2007 | 17716955 |
| comparison of direct genome restriction enzyme analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of vibrio vulnificus and their correspondence with multilocus sequence typing data. | we compared the potential of direct genome restriction enzyme analysis (dgrea) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for discriminating vibrio vulnificus isolates from clinical (23) and environmental (17) sources. the genotypes generated by both methodologies were compared to previous multilocus sequence typing (mlst) data. dgrea established clearer relationships among v. vulnificus strains and was more consistent with mlst than with pfge. dgrea is a very promising tool for epidemiological ... | 2007 | 17720834 |
| identification of a new hemolysin from diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila. | a clinical strain ssu of aeromonas hydrophila produces a potent cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) with cytotoxic, enterotoxic, and hemolytic activities. a new gene, which encoded a hemolysin of 439-amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 49 kda, was identified. this hemolysin (hlya) was detected based on the observation that the act gene minus mutant of a. hydrophila ssu still had residual hemolytic activity. the new hemolysin gene (hlya) was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in escherichia co ... | 2007 | 17725618 |
| procaspase-3 activation by a metalloprotease secreted from vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium and a human pathogen capable of causing wound infection and septicemia. we previously showed that the metalloprotease vep secreted by v. vulnificus activates prothrombin in vitro. to further investigate the ability of vep to activate other zymogens, we used a mutant form of procaspase-3 which lacks the native cleavage sites as a zymogen. the mutant zymogen was activated by vep to yield a mature enzyme with a maximum increase in caspase-3 activity of approx ... | 2007 | 17786292 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus isolates from louisiana gulf and retail raw oysters. | the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 168 vibrio parahaemolyticus and 151 vibrio vulnificus isolates recovered from 82 louisiana gulf and retail oysters in 2005 and 2006 were determined. overall, the two vibrios remained susceptible to the majority of antimicrobials tested; reduced susceptibility was detected only in v. parahaemolyticus for ampicillin (81%; mic > or = 16 microg/ml). additionally, v. parahaemolyticus displayed significantly higher mics for cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycl ... | 2007 | 17827331 |
| phosphate and carbon source regulation of alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase in vibrio vulnificus. | in this study, the effects of phosphate concentration and carbon source on the patterns of alkaline phosphatase (apase) and phospholipase (plase) expression in vibrio vulnificus atcc 29307 were assessed under various conditions. the activities of these enzymes were repressed by excess phosphate (4 mm) in the culture medium, but this repression was reversed upon the onset of phosphate starvation in low phosphate defined medium (lpdm) containing 0.2 mm of phosphate at approximately the end of the ... | 2007 | 17846584 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection: diagnosis and treatment. | vibrio vulnificus infection is the leading cause of death related to seafood consumption in the united states. this virulent, gram-negative bacterium causes two distinct syndromes. the first is an overwhelming primary septicemia caused by consuming raw or undercooked seafood, particularly raw oysters. the second is a necrotizing wound infection acquired when an open wound is exposed to warm seawater with high concentrations of v. vulnificus. most patients, including those with primary infection, ... | 2007 | 17853628 |
| information from your family doctor. vibrio vulnificus infection: what you should know. | 2007 | 17853629 | |
| typing of vibrio vulnificus strains by variability in their 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer regions. | amplification of the 16s-23s rdna spacer region (isr1) is a simple and rapid procedure for subtyping bacteria, especially those with several ribosomal operons including vibrio vulnificus. v. vulnificus contains nine ribosomal operons with four or five isr1 classes that differ in size and sequence. in the present study, 47 v. vulnificus strains of both shellfish and clinical origin were subtyped by their isr1 patterns using "universal" primers, which target conserved sequences located in the 16s ... | 2007 | 17883316 |
| a novel multiplex pcr for the identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus. | to establish a simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that will identify vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus. | 2007 | 17897378 |
| the crucial amino acid residue related to inactivation of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing fetal septicemia, produces a 50-kda pore-forming toxin as a virulence factor. this toxin consists of 451 amino acid residues; however, there are two types of this toxin on the basis of the difference of some amino acid residues, type 1 (leu(281), ser(415), asn(435)/asp(435), asn(438)) and type 2 (ile(281), asn(415), asn(435), thr(438)). in the present study, two characteristic properties of type 2 toxin that was elaborated by v. vulnific ... | 2008 | 17897806 |
| comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught south carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps. | the objective of this study was to assess and differentiate wild-caught south carolina (sc) shrimps from imported shrimps on the basis of microbiological analysis. seven wild-caught sc shrimp and 13 farm-raised imported shrimp samples were analyzed. total plate counts from wild-caught shrimp samples ranged from 4.3 to 7.0 log10 cfu/g, whereas counts from imported shrimp samples ranged from 3.2 to 5.7 log10 cfu/g. there was no difference (p > 0.05) between total bacterial counts of wild-caught sc ... | 2007 | 17898847 |
| evaluation of postharvest-processed oysters by using pcr-based most-probable-number enumeration of vibrio vulnificus bacteria. | postharvest processing (php) is used to reduce levels of vibrio vulnificus in oysters, but process validation is labor-intensive and expensive. therefore, quantitative pcr was evaluated as a rapid confirmation method for most-probable-number enumeration (qpcr-mpn) of v. vulnificus bacteria in php oysters. qpcr-mpn showed excellent correlation (r(2) = 0.97) with standard mpn and increased assay sensitivity and efficiency. | 2007 | 17905883 |
| identification of a wzy polymerase required for group iv capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in vibrio vulnificus. | the estuarine bacterium vibrio vulnificus is a human and animal pathogen. the expression of capsular polysaccharide (cps) is essential for virulence. we used a new mini-tn10 delivery vector, pnktxi-scei, to generate a mutant library and identify genes essential for cps biosynthesis. twenty-one acapsular mutants were isolated, and the disrupted gene in one mutant, coding for a polysaccharide polymerase (wzy), is described here. a weca gene initiating glycosyltransferase was among the genes identi ... | 2007 | 17923517 |
| expression and immunogenicity analysis of two iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | genes of two iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus zj2003, a pathogenic strain isolated from large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea), psua and pvua, were cloned and expressed as n-terminal his(6)-tagged proteins in escherichia coli bl(21)(de(3)). the recombinant fusion proteins were purified with nickel chelate affinity chromatography. to analyze the immunogenicity of the proteins, groups of large yellow croaker were immunized with the purified recombinant psua, p ... | 2007 | 17928925 |
| role of iron in human serum resistance of the clinical and environmental vibrio vulnificus genotypes. | we recently reported a simple pcr procedure that targets a sequence variation of the virulence-correlated gene locus vcg. it was found that 90% of all clinical isolates possessed the vcgc sequence variant, while 93% of all environmental isolates possessed the vcge sequence variant. here we report that the clinical genotype of vibrio vulnificus is significantly better able to survive in human serum than is the environmental genotype. the presence of a siderophore-encoding gene, viub, influenced s ... | 2007 | 17933938 |
| survival case of vibrio vulnificus infection with multiple endocrine neoplasia type i. | a 35-year-old female with malabsorption syndrome who underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy for multiple endocrine adenomatosis 13 years prior was admitted to our hospital with diarrhea, general fatigue, high fever, and eruption in the lower legs. the patient had consumed raw shrimp a few days before onset and presented systemic inflammatory response syndrome at the time of hospitalization. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from a blood culture performed before admission to the intensive care unit. we e ... | 2007 | 17974078 |
| phospholipase a as a potent virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus infection has attracted special interest because of its high mortality rate. however, the identification of its major pathogenic determinant still remains obscure. in this study, a cytolysin-negative mutant strain of v. vulnificus cvd707 was used to determine the role of phospholipase a (pla) in the pathogenesis of this bacterial infection. the mutant strain caused the lysis of erythrocytes in vitro and elevated plasma hemoglobin during the infection in mice. both the hemolytic ... | 2007 | 17982702 |
| vibrio infections in louisiana: twenty-five years of surveillance 1980-2005. | a total of 1,007 vibrio infections were reported to the infectious disease epidemiology department at the louisiana office of public heath, between 1980 and 2005. the most common were vibrio vulnificus (257 infections), vibrio parahemolyticus (249 infections), and vibrio cholerae non o1 (200 cases). other species were much less common. vibrio vulnificus infections, which are associated with consumption of raw seafood (particularly oysters) or contact with sea water, and severe immuno-suppression ... | 2007 | 17987958 |
| survival of and in situ gene expression by vibrio vulnificus at varying salinities in estuarine environments. | the opportunistic human pathogen vibrio vulnificus survives in a wide range of ecological environments, which demonstrates its ability to adapt to highly variable conditions. survival and gene expression under various conditions have been extensively studied in vitro; however, little work has been done to evaluate this bacterium in its natural habitat. therefore, this study monitored the long-term survival of v. vulnificus in situ and simultaneously evaluated the expression of stress (rpos, rela ... | 2008 | 17993554 |
| population structures of two genotypes of vibrio vulnificus in oysters (crassostrea virginica) and seawater. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 1 strains can be classified into two genotypes based on the pcr analysis of variations in the virulence-correlated gene (vcg). genotype has been correlated with human infection for 90% of isolates from human cases having the vcgc sequence type and 87% of environmental strains having the vcge variant. in this study we examined the dynamics of v. vulnificus populations and the distribution of the two genotypes recovered from oysters and surrounding estuarine wasters. anal ... | 2008 | 17993556 |
| a chromogenic substrate culture plate for early identification of vibrio vulnificus and isolation of other marine vibrios. | vibrio vulnificus infection can result in necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, which have short latentcy periods and high mortality rates. thus, an easy and quick detection method is needed to improve the outcome. to distinguish v. vulnificus from other pathogens that cause necrotizing fasciitis, we developed a selective isolation culture agar plate (chromochecker vibrio agar-1; cva-1) for use in environmental monitoring and in the clinical setting. one hundred four strains of v. vulnificus, alread ... | 2007 | 18000289 |
| vibrio vulnificus rtx toxin kills host cells only after contact of the bacteria with host cells. | vibrio vulnificus causes acute cell death and a fatal septicaemia. in this study, we show that contact with host cells is a prerequisite to the acute cytotoxicity. we screened transposon mutants defective in the contact-dependent cytotoxicity. two mutants had insertions within two open reading frames in a putative rtx toxin operon, the rtxa1 or rtxd encoding an rtx toxin (4701 amino acids) or an abc type transporter (467 amino acids). an rtxa1 mutation resulted in a cytotoxicity defect, which wa ... | 2008 | 18005241 |
| a widespread deferoxamine-mediated iron-uptake system in vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus can use the standard iron chelator deferoxamine (desferal) for efficient iron-uptake via the specific receptor desa, which is encoded by desa. we investigated the ubiquity of the deferoxamine-mediated iron-uptake system in v. vulnificus strains and the potential risk of the system. by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), desa was found in 10 of 10 clinical strains and in 9 of 10 environmental strains, and their growth was stimulated by deferoxamine. by reverse-transcriptase pcr, de ... | 2007 | 18008234 |
| the crystal structure of a binary complex of two pseudopilins: epsi and epsj from the type 2 secretion system of vibrio vulnificus. | type ii secretion systems (t2ss) translocate virulence factors from the periplasmic space of many pathogenic bacteria into the extracellular environment. the t2ss of vibrio cholerae and related species is called the extracellular protein secretion (eps) system that consists of a core of multiple copies of 11 different proteins. the pseudopilins, epsg, epsh, epsi, epsj and epsk, are five t2ss proteins that are thought to assemble into a pseudopilus, which is assumed to interact with the outer mem ... | 2008 | 18022192 |
| role of the metalloprotease vvp and the virulence plasmid pr99 of vibrio vulnificus serovar e in surface colonization and fish virulence. | the virulence for eels of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar e (vse) is conferred by a plasmid that codifies ability to survive in eel serum and cause septicaemia. to find out whether the plasmid and the selected chromosomal gene vvp plays a role in the initial steps of infection, the vse strain cect4999, the cured strain ct218 and the vvp-deficient mutant ct201 (obtained in this work by allelic exchange) were used in colonization and virulence experiments. the eel avirulent biotype 1 (bt1) str ... | 2008 | 18028416 |
| cadaverine protects vibrio vulnificus from superoxide stress. | an electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) signal characteristic of the 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide (dmpo)-oh spin adduct, which is formed from the reaction of dmpo with superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase-mediated reaction, was significantly reduced by the cadaverine or escherichia coli mn-containing superoxide dismutase (mnsod). likewise, cytochrome c reduction by superoxide was inhibited by cadaverine, and the inhibition level increased in proportion to the level of cadaveri ... | 2007 | 18051370 |
| the virulence of vibrio vulnificus is affected by the cellular level of superoxide dismutase activity. | the virulence of superoxide dismutase (sod) mutants of vibrio vulnificus, as tested by intraperitoneal injection into mice, decreases in the order of sodc mutant, soda mutant, and sodb mutant lacking cuznsod, mnsod, and fesod, respectively. the survival of sod mutants under superoxide stress also decreases in the same order. the virulence of soxr mutant, which is unable to induce mnsod in response to superoxide, is similar to that of the soda mutant, as the survival of the soxr mutant under supe ... | 2007 | 18051612 |
| ivet-based identification of virulence factors in vibrio vulnificus mo6-24/o. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes septicemia in humans. to identify the genes associated with its pathogenicity, in vivo expression technology (ivet) was used to select genes specifically expressed in a host, yet not significantly in vitro. random lacz-fusions in the genome of v. vulnificus strain mo6-24/o were constructed using an ivet vector, psg3, which is a suicide vector containing promoterless-aph and -lacz as reporter genes. a total of approximately 18,000 resulti ... | 2007 | 18051754 |
| identification and functional analysis of vibrio vulnificus smcr, a novel global regulator. | recently, quorum sensing has been implicated as an important global regulator controlling the production of numerous virulence factors such as capsular polysaccharides in bacterial pathogens. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of smcr, a homolog of v. harveyi luxr identified from v. vulnificus atcc29307, were analyzed. the amino acid sequence of smcr from v. vulnificus was 72 to 92% similar to those of luxr homologs from vibrio spp. functions of smcr were assessed by the constructio ... | 2007 | 18051765 |
| role of the virulence plasmid pr99 and the metalloprotease vvp in resistance of vibrio vulnificus serovar e to eel innate immunity. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar e (vse) is a bacterial pathogen that produces a haemorrhagic septicaemia called vibriosis in eels. its ability to grow in blood is conferred by a recently described virulence plasmid [lee ct, amaro c, wu km, valiente e, chang yf, tsai sf, et al. a common virulence plasmid in biotype 2 vibrio vulnificus and its dissemination aided by a conjugal plasmid. journal of bacteriology, submitted for publication.]. in this study, we analyzed the role of this plasmid tog ... | 2008 | 18053741 |
| low-density lipoprotein protects vibrio vulnificus-induced lethality through blocking lipopolysaccharide action. | lipoprotein plays a role in the host defense against bacterial infection, and its serum level has been demonstrated to be an important prognosis factor of survival. we have previously demonstrated that ldl directly inactivates the hemolytic activity of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) in vitro. the object of this study was therefore to examine whether the ldl-mediated inactivation of vvc leads to protection against lethal infection of v. vulnificus in vivo, using wild and vvc-deficient v. vulni ... | 2007 | 18059143 |
| discrimination of gamma-irradiated and nonirradiated vibrio vulnificus by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | to develop a pcr strategy for vibrio vulnificus in irradiated foods. | 2008 | 18081775 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a novel zinc-metalloprotease gene from the salinivibrio sp. strain af-2004 and its extracellular expression in e. coli. | in this work the first protease gene encoding a novel zinc-metalloprotease from the moderately halophilic bacterium salinivibrio sp. strain af-2004 has been cloned, sequenced and reported to the genbank. we have generated a library containing about 10,000 transformants whose screening yielded one clone harboring plasmid pbluescript with 3.6 kb inserted fragment (pbluesvp2) with positive caseinolytic activity. nucleotide sequence analysis of the selected clone revealed a single open reading frame ... | 2008 | 18093752 |
| [vibrio vulnificus pollution of imported frozen black tiger shrimps in japan]. | the ariake sea area of japan is endemic for vibrio vulnificus infection. v vulnificus was isolated from slime from tidal flats, seawater, and fish sea year-round as we reported previously. to identify new routes and factors of v vulnificus infection, we studied v. vulnificus pollution of imported frozen black tiger shrimps purchased from a fish market in kurume, fukuoka, japan. v. vulnificus was isolated from 9 of 100 tails (9%) of philippines products, 3 of 100 tails (3%) of indonesia products, ... | 2007 | 18095471 |
| a common virulence plasmid in biotype 2 vibrio vulnificus and its dissemination aided by a conjugal plasmid. | strains of vibrio vulnificus, a marine bacterial species pathogenic for humans and eels, are divided into three biotypes, and those virulent for eels are classified as biotype 2. all biotype 2 strains possess one or more plasmids, which have been shown to harbor the biotype 2-specific dna sequences. in this study we determined the dna sequences of three biotype 2 plasmids: pr99 (68.4 kbp) in strain cect4999 and pc4602-1 (56.6 kb) and pc4602-2 (66.9 kb) in strain cect4602. plasmid pc4602-2 showed ... | 2008 | 18156267 |
| efficiency of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect vibrio vulnificus in seawater. | the growth of vibrio vulnificus in an enriched culture of seawater during the summer in japan was monitored by a plating technique used as the culture method and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay as the molecular method. v. vulnificus was detected by the real-time pcr assay in the samples of august and september but not by the culture method. vibrio parahaemolyticus, however, was detected among all of the samples with both the culture method and real-time pcr assay. in the analys ... | 2008 | 18162438 |
| detection and characterization of a functional insertion sequence, isvpa2, in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | pcr analysis of the pandemic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus, kx-v237 (total genome sequenced) showed a subculture where the size of the amplicons had increased. the purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanism of this change. we found a 1,243-bp dna sequence inserted in one of the pandemic marker genes in this strain. the inserted dna sequence possessed the genetic structures shared by insertion sequences (iss) of the is3 family. this is had 26-bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats (ir ... | 2008 | 18164873 |
| genetic analysis of spontaneous lactose-utilizing mutants from vibrio vulnificus. | wild-type v. vulnificus cannot grow using lactose as the sole carbon source or take up the sugar. however, prolonged culture of this species in media containing lactose as the sole carbon source leads to the generation of a spontaneous lactose-utilizing (lu) mutant. this mutant showed strong beta- galactosidase activity, whereas the wild-type strain showed a barely detectable level of the activity. a mutant with a lesion in a gene homologous to the lacz of e. coli in the bacterium no longer show ... | 2007 | 18167454 |
| conditions for a 5-log reduction of vibrio vulnificus in oysters through high hydrostatic pressure treatment. | vibrio vulnificus is frequently associated with oysters, and since oysters are typically consumed raw on a half shell, they can pose a threat to public health due to ingestion of this pathogenic marine microorganism. oysters should be processed to reduce the number of this pathogen. high pressure processing is gaining more and more acceptance among oyster processors due to its ability to shuck oysters while keeping the fresh-like characteristics of oysters. nine strains of v. vulnificus were tes ... | 2008 | 18177963 |
| [sepsis and cellulitis by vibrio vulnificus in cirrhotic patient]. | 2007 | 18198957 | |
| [a protocol for diagnosis and treatment of vibrio vulnificus sepsis]. | vibrio vulnificus sepsis is one of the most fatal disease with a high mortality which exceeds 50%. but at present there is no evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of vibrio vulnificus sepsis because of its dispersion in occurrence and low incidence. | 2008 | 18199391 |
| further characterization of vibrio vulnificus rugose variants and identification of a capsular and rugose exopolysaccharide gene cluster. | capsular polysaccharide (cps) is a major virulence factor in vibrio vulnificus, and encapsulated strains have an opaque, smooth (ops) colony morphology, while nonencapsulated strains have a translucent, smooth (trs) colony morphology. previously, we showed that ops and trs parental strains can yield a third colony type, rugose (r), and that the resulting strains, with the opr and trr phenotypes, respectively, form copious biofilms. here we show that while opr and trr strains both produce three-d ... | 2008 | 18212074 |
| vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar e gne but not gale is essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and virulence. | this work aimed to establish the role of gne (encoding udp-galnac 4-epimerase activity) and gale (encoding udp-gal-4-epimerase activity) in the biosynthesis of surface polysaccharides, as well as in the virulence for eels and humans of the zoonotic serovar of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, serovar e. dna sequence data revealed that gne and gale are quite homologous within this species (> or =90% homology). mutation in gne of strain cect4999 increased the surface hydrophobicity, produced deep alter ... | 2008 | 18227162 |
| gene expression of cold shock and other stress-related genes in vibrio vulnificus grown in pure culture under shellstock temperature control conditions. | shellstock refrigeration after harvesting is recommended to prevent further increases in vibrio vulnificus numbers in oysters, but it could potentially induce a cold shock response in this bacterium. v. vulnificus was incubated at 35, 25, 20, and 15 degrees c and then subjected to 7.2 and 4 degrees c for 1 week. a cold-adaptation response that enhanced cell culturability was observed when cells were incubated at 15 degrees c prior to cold shock at 7.2 degrees c. in vitro cold shock gene expressi ... | 2008 | 18236677 |
| nonribosomal peptide synthase is responsible for the biosynthesis of siderophore in vibrio vulnificus mo6-24/o. | vibrio vulnificus produces siderophores, lowmolecular- weight iron-chelating compounds, to obtain iron under conditions of iron deprivation. to identify genes associated with the biosynthesis of siderophore in v. vulnificus mo6-24/ o, we screened clones with mini-tn5 random insertions for those showing decreased production of siderophore. among 6,000 clones screened, nine such clones were selected. these clones contain the transposon inserted in vv2_0830 (genbank accession number) that is a homo ... | 2008 | 18239413 |
| real-time pcr assays for quantification and differentiation of vibrio vulnificus strains in oysters and water. | vibrio vulnificus is an autochthonous estuarine bacterium and a pathogen that is frequently transmitted via raw shellfish. septicemia can occur within 24 h; however, isolation and confirmation from water and oysters require days. real-time pcr assays were developed to detect and differentiate two 16s rrna variants, types a and b, which were previously associated with environmental sources and clinical fatalities, respectively. both assays could detect 10(2) to 10(3) v. vulnificus total cells in ... | 2008 | 18245234 |
| vibrio vulnificus rtxe is important for virulence, and its expression is induced by exposure to host cells. | numerous secreted virulence factors have been proposed to account for the fulminating and destructive nature of vibrio vulnificus infections. a mutant of v. vulnificus that exhibited less cytotoxicity to int-407 human intestinal epithelial cells was screened from a library of mutants constructed by random transposon mutagenesis. a transposon-tagging method was used to identify and clone an open reading frame encoding an rtx toxin secretion atp binding protein, rtxe, from v. vulnificus. the deduc ... | 2008 | 18250174 |
| autopsy cases of fulminant-type bacterial infection with necrotizing fasciitis: group a (beta) hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes versus vibrio vulnificus infection. | two autopsy cases of fulminant-type infection associated with necrotizing fasciitis were analyzed clinicopathologically. both cases involved 57-year-old alcohol abusers. the former was a woman with group a (beta) hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes infection, and the latter was a man with vibrio vulnificus infection. the sudden onset of shock with high fever resulted in sepsis, decreased clotting, and hepatorenal symptoms, followed by death within a few days. post-mortem examination showed widespre ... | 2008 | 18251785 |
| new approach for discrimination of vibrio vulnificus by real-time pcr before and after gamma-irradiation. | the effects of gamma-irradiation on the destruction of vibrio vulnificus by real-time pcr were studied. gamma-irradiation was found to result in extensive reduction in the molecular size of dna. irradiation of viable cells (1 x 10(6) cfu/ml) at 1.08 kgy resulted in 100% destruction determined by plate counts, with most of the dna from the irradiated cells having a bp-length of less than 1000. the use of a pair of primers to amplify a 1000-bp sequence of dna from cells exposed to 1.08 kgy failed ... | 2008 | 18262296 |
| variation of extracellular proteases produced by vibrio vulnificus clinical isolates: genetic diversity of the metalloprotease gene (vvp), and serine protease secretion by vvp-negative strains. | vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of septicemia or wound infection in human and eel; however, the genetic variation between human and eel isolates has been reported. in the present study, the difference in the vvp gene encoding a tissue-damaging metalloprotease was investigated. the gene of strain e86 from a diseased eel (type b vvp) was 95.2% identical with that of strain l-180 from human blood (type a vvp). pcr using oligonucleotide primers designed to differentiate two types of the gene ... | 2008 | 18262748 |
| evolution of exceptionally large genes in prokaryotes. | analysis of bacterial genomic sequences revealed an average bacterial gene size of approximately 1 kb. however, genes with a size >10 kb were also noted. this study investigates the prevalence, possible function, and origin of exceptionally large-size genes (elsgs; >10 kb) in prokaryotes. forty-two elsgs (0.03%) were identified after searching more than 170,000 genes in 46 bacterial and 11 archaeal species. these elsgs were found in diverse species including both archaeal and eubacterial kingdom ... | 2008 | 18322635 |