Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| emergence of a novel drug resistant h7n9 influenza virus: evidence based clinical potential of a natural ifn-α for infection control and treatment. | the novel avian h7n9 influenza virus has caused more than 130 human infections with 43 deaths (as of september, 2013) in china. because of the lack of existing immunity against h7 subtype influenza viruses in the human population and the absence of a licensed commercial vaccine, antiviral drugs are critical tools for the treatment of infection with this novel h7n9. both m2-ion channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors are used as antiviral drugs for influenza infections of humans. the emergi ... | 2014 | 24350808 |
| host immunological response and factors associated with clinical outcome in patients with the novel influenza a h7n9 infection. | in march 2013, an influenza outbreak caused by the novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus emerged in eastern china and had caused 43 fatalities by 31 july 2013, although the basis for disease pathogenesis still remains unclear. to assess the immunological and viral factors associated with disease severity, viral rna and inflammatory cytokines were quantified for 18 h7n9 patients in shanghai, china. detailed clinical information was collected and clinical laboratory investigations were perform ... | 2014 | 24350809 |
| early hypercytokinemia is associated with interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 dysfunction and predictive of fatal h7n9 infection. | a unique avian-origin a/h7n9 influenza virus has so far caused 134 cases with 44 deaths. probing the host factors contributing to disease severity, we found that lower levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines on hospital admission correlated with faster recovery in 18 patients with a/h7n9 influenza virus, whereas high concentrations of (in particular) il-6, il-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were predictive of a less favorable or fatal outcome. analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage samples ... | 2014 | 24367104 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus screening in patients with fever and flu-like symptoms in a tertiary hospital in an area with confirmed cases. | novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus was isolated in fatal patients in yangtze river delta of china in march 2013. we aimed to screen the virus in febrile patients in a tertiary hospital in an area with confirmed cases. throat-swab specimens collected from consecutive patients with fever (≥38°c) and flu-like symptoms from april 15 to april 25, 2013 were subjected to detect novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus with real-time pcr. the clinical outcomes in the patients and close contacts were followe ... | 2013 | 24367529 |
| virulence-affecting amino acid changes in the pa protein of h7n9 influenza a viruses. | novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) viruses were first reported to infect humans in march 2013. to date, 143 human cases, including 45 deaths, have been recorded. by using sequence comparisons and phylogenetic and ancestral inference analyses, we identified several distinct amino acids in the a(h7n9) polymerase pa protein, some of which may be mammalian adapting. mutant viruses possessing some of these amino acid changes, singly or in combination, were assessed for their polymerase activities a ... | 2014 | 24371069 |
| attitudes, practices and information needs regarding novel influenza a (h7n9) among employees of food production and operation in guangzhou, southern china: a cross-sectional study. | as of 30 may 2013, 132 human infections with avian influenza a (h7n9) had been reported in 10 chinese cities. on 17 may 2013, because a chicken infection with h7 subtype avian influenza virus was detected in guanzhou, guangzhou became the 11th city to conduct emergency response operations. the goal of this study was to identify attitudes, practices and information needs among employees of food production and operation in guangzhou. | 2014 | 24383626 |
| discovery process, clinical characteristics, and treatment of patients infected with avian influenza virus (h7n9) in shanghai. | 2014 | 24384446 | |
| epidemiologic report and serologic findings for household contacts of three cases of influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | we conducted epidemiologic investigations and serologic assays on household contacts that were extensively exposed to three influenza a (h7n9) virus infected case-patients before infection-control practices were implemented. | 2014 | 24388209 |
| pyrosequencing reveals an oseltamivir-resistant marker in the quasispecies of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | prompt diagnosis of an oseltamivir-resistant marker is important for patient management, in particular to prevent the spread of resistant strains in the recent human h7n9 outbreak. we tailored a pyrosequencing assay to reveal neuraminidase r292k, a resistant marker found in one isolate from china, and demonstrated its performance in both sensitivity and specificity. in addition, a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction was applied, which enhanced the detection rate by at least 10-fold. we validat ... | 2015 | 24388586 |
| from sars to h7n9: the mechanism of responding to emerging communicable diseases has made great progress in china. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2003 indicated that china's existing former mechanism for emergency management was very vulnerable. the chinese government has since established a new mechanism for responding to emerging communicable diseases. this paper examined the current status of and developments in china's response to emerging communicable diseases from the outbreak of sars in 2003 to the outbreak of h7n9 virus infection in 2013. results indicated that the curren ... | 2013 | 24390368 |
| the pb2 e627k mutation contributes to the high polymerase activity and enhanced replication of h7n9 influenza virus. | human infection by h7n9 influenza virus was first identified in china in march 2013. as of 12 august 2013, a total of 135 documented cases with 44 fatalities had been reported. genetic and laboratory analyses of the novel h7n9 viruses isolated from patients indicate that these viruses possess several polymerase gene mutations previously associated with human adaptation and potential pandemic capabilities. however, the function of these mutations in the emergence and pathogenicity of the viruses ... | 2014 | 24394699 |
| preexisting cd8+ t-cell immunity to the h7n9 influenza a virus varies across ethnicities. | the absence of preexisting neutralizing antibodies specific for the novel a (h7n9) influenza virus indicates a lack of prior human exposure. as influenza a virus-specific cd8(+) t lymphocytes (ctls) can be broadly cross-reactive, we tested whether immunogenic peptides derived from h7n9 might be recognized by memory ctls established following infection with other influenza strains. probing across multiple ethnicities, we identified 32 conserved epitopes derived from the nucleoprotein (np) and mat ... | 2014 | 24395804 |
| influenza h7n9 and h9n2 viruses: coexistence in poultry linked to human h7n9 infection and genome characteristics. | avian influenza virus a of the novel h7n9 reassortant subtype was recently found to cause severe human respiratory infections in china. live poultry markets were suspected locations of the human h7n9 infection sources, based on the cases' exposure histories and sequence similarities between viral isolates. to explore the role of live poultry markets in the origin of the novel h7n9 virus, we systematically examined poultry and environmental specimens from local markets and farms in hangzhou, usin ... | 2014 | 24403589 |
| amino acid substitutions in polymerase basic protein 2 gene contribute to the pathogenicity of the novel a/h7n9 influenza virus in mammalian hosts. | a novel avian-origin influenza a/h7n9 virus emerged in 2013 to cause more than 130 cases of zoonotic human disease, with an overall case fatality rate of around 30% in cases detected. it has been shown that an e-to-k amino acid change at residue 627 of polymerase basic protein 2 (pb2) occurred frequently in the h7n9 isolates obtained from humans but not in viruses isolated from poultry. although this mutation has been reported to confer increased mammalian pathogenicity in other avian influenza ... | 2014 | 24403592 |
| classyflu: classification of influenza a viruses with discriminatively trained profile-hmms. | accurate and rapid characterization of influenza a virus (iav) hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) sequences with respect to subtype and clade is at the basis of extended diagnostic services and implicit to molecular epidemiologic studies. classyflu is a new tool and web service for the classification of iav sequences of the ha and na gene into subtypes and phylogenetic clades using discriminatively trained profile hidden markov models (hmms), one for each subtype or clade. classyflu merel ... | 2014 | 24404173 |
| emergence in china of human disease due to avian influenza a(h10n8)--cause for concern? | in december 2013, china reported the first human case of avian influenza a(h10n8). a 73-year-old female with chronic diseases who had visited a live poultry market succumbed with community-acquired pneumonia. while human infections with avian influenza viruses are usually associated with subtypes prevalent in poultries, a(h10n8) isolates were mostly found in migratory birds and only recently in poultries. although not possible to predict whether this single intrusion by a(h10n8) is an accident o ... | 2014 | 24406432 |
| serological responses following influenza a(h7n9) virus infection. | 2014 | 24415788 | |
| virus-specific antibody secreting cell, memory b-cell, and sero-antibody responses in the human influenza challenge model. | antibodies play a major role in the protection against influenza virus in human. however, the antibody level is usually short-lived and the cellular mechanisms underlying influenza virus-specific antibody response to acute infection remain unclear. | 2014 | 24415790 |
| prevalence and control of h7 avian influenza viruses in birds and humans. | the h7 subtype ha gene has been found in combination with all nine na subtype genes. most exhibit low pathogenicity and only rarely high pathogenicity in poultry (and humans). during the past few years infections of poultry and humans with h7 subtypes have increased markedly. this review summarizes the emergence of avian influenza virus h7 subtypes in birds and humans, and the possibilities of its control in poultry. all h7nx combinations were reported from wild birds, the natural reservoir of t ... | 2014 | 24423384 |
| prediction of h7n9 epidemic in china. | in march 2013, human cases of infection with a novel a (h7n9) influenza virus emerged in china. the epidemic spread quickly and as of 6 may 2013, there were 129 confirmed cases. the purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of the confirmed cases, determine the impacts of bird migration and temperature changes on the h7n9 epidemic, predict the future trends of the epidemic, explore the response patterns of the government and propose preventive suggestions. | 2014 | 24438612 |
| importance of internet surveillance in public health emergency control and prevention: evidence from a digital epidemiologic study during avian influenza a h7n9 outbreaks. | outbreaks of human infection with a new avian influenza a h7n9 virus occurred in china in the spring of 2013. control and prevention of a new human infectious disease outbreak can be strongly affected by public reaction and social impact through the internet and social media. | 2014 | 24440770 |
| human antibody responses to avian influenza a(h7n9) virus, 2013. | understanding host antibody response is crucial for predicting disease severity and for vaccine development. we investigated antibody responses against influenza a(h7n9) virus in 48 serum samples from 21 patients, including paired samples from 15 patients. igg against subtype h7 and neutralizing antibodies (nabs) were not detected in acute-phase samples, but elisa geometric mean titers increased in convalescent-phase samples; nab titers were 20-80 (geometric mean titer 40). avidity to igg agains ... | 2014 | 24447423 |
| divergent h7 immunogens offer protection from h7n9 virus challenge. | the emergence of avian h7n9 viruses in humans in china has renewed concerns about influenza pandemics emerging from asia. vaccines are still the best countermeasure against emerging influenza virus infections, but the process from the identification of vaccine seed strains to the distribution of the final product can take several months. in the case of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic, a vaccine was not available before the first pandemic wave hit and therefore came too late to reduce influenza morbidity. ... | 2014 | 24453375 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in pregnant woman, china, 2013. | 2014 | 24457138 | |
| immunogenetics: ethnic differences in sensitivity to h7n9 virus. | 2014 | 24457478 | |
| dynamic reassortments and genetic heterogeneity of the human-infecting influenza a (h7n9) virus. | influenza a (h7n9) virus has been causing human infections in china since february 2013, raising serious concerns of potential pandemics. previous studies demonstrate that human infection is directly linked to live animal markets, and that the internal genes of the virus are derived from h9n2 viruses circulating in the yangtze river delta area in eastern china. here following analysis of 109 viruses, we show a much higher genetic heterogeneity of the h7n9 viruses than previously reported, with a ... | 2014 | 24457975 |
| tropism and innate host responses of a novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus: an analysis of ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract. | since march, 2013, an avian-origin influenza a h7n9 virus has caused severe pneumonia in china. the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of this new virus in human beings. | 2013 | 24461614 |
| [epidemiological investigation on the first case of human avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in beijing, 2013]. | 2013 | 24466602 | |
| vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. | the 2009 h1n1 pandemic and recent human cases of h5n1, h7n9, and h6n1 in asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (hamg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic h1n1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against various h1n1 viruses in circulation from 1933 to 2009 in mice and ferrets. in the hamg vaccine, highly c ... | 2014 | 24469815 |
| development of novel allglo-probe-based one-step multiplex qrt-pcr assay for rapid identification of avian influenza virus h7n9. | recently, human deaths have resulted from infection with low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus h7n9 strains that have emerged recently in china. to strengthen h7n9 surveillance and outbreak control, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed. to develop a sensitive quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid detection of h7n9 viral rna, primers and allglo probes were designed to target the ha and na genes of h7n9. conserved sequences in the ha and na genes were identified by phylogenic ... | 2014 | 24473706 |
| strengthening global health security capacity--vietnam demonstration project, 2013. | over the past decade, vietnam has successfully responded to global health security (ghs) challenges, including domestic elimination of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and rapid public health responses to human infections with influenza a(h5n1) virus. however, new threats such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and influenza a(h7n9) present continued challenges, reinforcing the need to improve the global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to public health th ... | 2014 | 24476979 |
| novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus attachment to the respiratory tract of five animal models. | we determined the pattern of attachment of the avian-origin h7n9 influenza viruses a/anhui/1/2013 and a/shanghai/1/2013 to the respiratory tract in ferrets, macaques, mice, pigs, and guinea pigs and compared it to that in humans. the h7n9 attachment pattern in macaques, mice, and to a lesser extent pigs and guinea pigs resembled that in humans more closely than the attachment pattern in ferrets. this information contributes to our knowledge of the different animal models for influenza. | 2014 | 24478425 |
| the first case of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus occurring in the autumn season, china. | 2014 | 24485379 | |
| comparison of patients hospitalized with influenza a subtypes h7n9, h5n1, and 2009 pandemic h1n1. | influenza a(h7n9) viruses isolated from humans show features suggesting partial adaptation to mammals. to provide insights into the pathogenesis of h7n9 virus infection, we compared risk factors, clinical presentation, and progression of patients hospitalized with h7n9, h5n1, and 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus infections. | 2014 | 24488975 |
| transcriptomic characterization of the novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus: specific host response and responses intermediate between avian (h5n1 and h7n7) and human (h3n2) viruses and implications for treatment options. | a novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus (iav) emerged in china in 2013, causing mild to lethal human respiratory infections. h7n9 originated with multiple reassortment events between avian viruses and carries genetic markers of human adaptation. determining whether h7n9 induces a host response closer to that with human or avian iav is important in order to better characterize this emerging virus. here we compared the human lung epithelial cell response to infection with a/anhui/01/13 (h7n9) ... | 2014 | 24496798 |
| tannins from hamamelis virginiana bark extract: characterization and improvement of the antiviral efficacy against influenza a virus and human papillomavirus. | antiviral activity has been demonstrated for different tannin-rich plant extracts. since tannins of different classes and molecular weights are often found together in plant extracts and may differ in their antiviral activity, we have compared the effect against influenza a virus (iav) of hamamelis virginiana l. bark extract, fractions enriched in tannins of different molecular weights and individual tannins of defined structures, including pseudotannins. we demonstrate antiviral activity of the ... | 2014 | 24498245 |
| transmissibility of novel h7n9 and h9n2 avian influenza viruses between chickens and ferrets. | previous studies have shown that the h7n9 avian influenza virus cannot be transmitted efficiently between ferrets via respiratory droplets. here, we studied the infectivity of the h7n9 avian influenza virus in chickens and its transmissibility from infected to naïve chickens and ferrets. the h7n9 virus (a/anhui/1/2013) replicated poorly in chickens and could not be transmitted efficiently from infected chickens to naïve chickens and ferrets. h7n9 virus was shed from chicken tracheae for only 2 d ... | 2014 | 24503095 |
| [a case of report of h7n9 influenza virus infection and review of the literature]. | 2014 | 24506857 | |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a fatal case of avian influenza a h10n8 virus infection: a descriptive study. | human infections with different avian influenza viruses--eg, h5n1, h9n2, and h7n9--have raised concerns about pandemic potential worldwide. we report the first human infection with a novel reassortant avian influenza a h10n8 virus. | 2014 | 24507376 |
| laboratory preparedness in eu/eea countries for detection of novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus, may 2013. | 2014 | 24507469 | |
| preliminary success in the characterization and management of a sudden breakout of a novel h7n9 influenza a virus. | influenza has always been one of the major threats to human health. the spanish influenza in 1918, the pandemic influenza a/h1n1 in 2009, and the avian influenza a/h5n1 have brought about great disasters or losses to mankind. more recently, a novel avian influenza a/h7n9 broke out in china and until december 2, 2013, it had caused 139 cases of infection, including 45 deaths. its risk and pandemic potential attract worldwide attention. in this article, we summarize epidemiology, virology characte ... | 2014 | 24520209 |
| tmprss2 is a host factor that is essential for pneumotropism and pathogenicity of h7n9 influenza a virus in mice. | cleavage of the hemagglutinin (ha) by host proteases is essential for the infectivity of influenza viruses. here, we analyzed the role of the serine protease tmprss2, which activates ha in the human respiratory tract, in pathogenesis in a mouse model. replication of the human h7n9 isolate a/anhui/1/13 and of human h1n1 and h3n2 viruses was compared in tmprss2 knockout (tmprss2(-/-)) and wild-type (wt) mice. knockout of tmprss2 expression inhibited h7n9 influenza virus replication in explants of ... | 2014 | 24522916 |
| identification of amino acid changes that may have been critical for the genesis of a(h7n9) influenza viruses. | novel influenza a viruses of the h7n9 subtype [a(h7n9)] emerged in the spring of 2013 in china and had infected 163 people as of 10 january 2014; 50 of them died of the severe respiratory infection caused by these viruses. phylogenetic studies have indicated that the novel a(h7n9) viruses emerged from reassortment of h7, n9, and h9n2 viruses. inspections of protein sequences from a(h7n9) viruses and their immediate predecessors revealed several amino acid changes in a(h7n9) viruses that may have ... | 2014 | 24522919 |
| [a report of first fatal case of h10n8 avian influenza virus pneumonia in the world]. | to report the treatment process of the first case of human pneumonia resulted from h10n8 avian influenza virus infection in the world for providing the data for clinical diagnosis and treatment. | 2014 | 24524404 |
| comparison of commercial influenza a virus assays in detecting avian influenza h7n9 among poultry cloacal swabs, china. | avian h7n9 virus emerged in china in february 2013 and has since spread widely among china's poultry, causing numerous human infections. | 2014 | 24529843 |
| assessment of human immune responses to h7 avian influenza virus of pandemic potential: results from a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind phase i study of live attenuated h7n3 influenza vaccine. | live attenuated influenza vaccines (laivs) are being developed to protect humans against future epidemics and pandemics. this study describes the results of a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled phase i clinical trial of cold-adapted and temperature sensitive h7n3 live attenuated influenza vaccine candidate in healthy seronegative adults. | 2014 | 24533064 |
| possible pandemic threat from new reassortment of influenza a(h7n9) virus in china. | avian influenza a(h7n9) virus re-emerged in china in december 2013, after a decrease in the number of new cases during the preceding six months. reassortment between influenza a(h7n9) and local h9n2 strains has spread from china's south-east coast to other regions. three new reassortments of a(h7n9) virus were identified by phylogenetic analysis: between a(h7n9) and zhejiang-derived strains, guangdong/hong kong-derived strains or hunan-derived a(h9n2) strains. our findings suggest there is a pos ... | 2014 | 24556346 |
| one family cluster of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in shandong, china. | the first case of human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus was identified in march, 2013 and the new h7n9 virus infected 134 patients and killed 45 people in china as of september 30, 2013. family clusters with confirmed or suspected the new h7n9 virus infection were previously reported, but the family cluster of h7n9 virus infection in shandong province was first reported. | 2014 | 24559386 |
| structural analysis of the novel influenza a (h7n9) viral neuraminidase interactions with current approved neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir in the presence of mutation r289k. | since late march 2013, there has been another global health concern with a sudden wave of flu infections by a novel strain of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china. to-date, there have been more than 100 infections with 23 deaths. it is more worrying as this viral strain has never been detected in humans and only been found to be of low-pathogenicity. currently, there are 3 effective neuraminidase inhibitors for this h7n9 virus strain, i.e. oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir. these drugs ha ... | 2013 | 24564719 |
| cross-reactive antibody responses to the novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus in shanghai adults. | 2014 | 24565924 | |
| an investigational antiviral drug, das181, effectively inhibits replication of zoonotic influenza a virus subtype h7n9 and protects mice from lethality. | human infections caused by avian influenza a virus type subtype h7n9 have been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. emergence of virus variants carrying markers of decreased susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors was reported. here we show that das181 (fludase), an antiviral drug with sialidase activity, potently inhibited replication of wild-type influenza a(h7n9) and its oseltamivir-resistant r292k variants in mice. a once-daily administration initiated early after lethal i ... | 2014 | 24569063 |
| probable longer incubation period for human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in jiangsu province, china, 2013. | human infection with the emerging avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china in 2013 has raised global concerns. we conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 27 confirmed human influenza a(h7n9) cases in jiangsu province, to elaborate poultry-related exposures and to provide a more precise estimate of the incubation periods of the illness. the median incubation period was 6 days (range 2-10 days) in cases with single known exposure and was 7·5 days (range 6·5-12·5 days) in cases with exposures ... | 2014 | 24569108 |
| possible role of songbirds and parakeets in transmission of influenza a(h7n9) virus to humans. | avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) recently emerged in china, causing severe human disease. several subtype h7n9 isolates contain influenza genes previously identified in viruses from finch-like birds. because wild and domestic songbirds interact with humans and poultry, we investigated the susceptibility and transmissibility of subtype h7n9 in these species. finches, sparrows, and parakeets supported replication of a human subtype h7n9 isolate, shed high titers through the oropharyngeal route, and ... | 2014 | 24572739 |
| role of poultry in the spread of novel h7n9 influenza virus in china. | the recent outbreak of h7n9 influenza in china has resulted in many human cases with a high fatality rate. poultry are the likely source of infection for humans on the basis of sequence analysis and virus isolations from live bird markets, but it is not clear which species of birds are most likely to be infected and shedding levels of virus sufficient to infect humans. intranasal inoculation of chickens, japanese quail, pigeons, pekin ducks, mallard ducks, muscovy ducks, and embden geese with 10 ... | 2014 | 24574407 |
| unique reassortant of influenza a(h7n9) virus associated with severe disease emerging in hong kong. | human infections caused by avian influenza virus a(h7n9) re-emerged in late 2013. we reported the first hong kong patient without risk factors for severe a(h7n9) disease. | 2014 | 24576826 |
| correlation between reported human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus and cyber user awareness: what can we learn from digital epidemiology? | data on the topic of novel avian influenza a (h7n9) were collected based on the web analysis tool 'baidu index', a major chinese search engine. we found a positive correlation between the volume of h7n9-related 'cyber user awareness' and the epidemic situation during the h7n9 outbreak in china (r=0.98, p<0.01, cumulative; r=0.43, p=0.018, daily) except in the early stage; the ranks of h7n9-related topics changed at different epidemic stages. this study may improve our understanding of the role o ... | 2014 | 24576842 |
| potential intercontinental movement of influenza a(h7n9) virus into north america by wild birds: application of a rapid assessment framework. | a critical question surrounding emergence of novel strains of avian influenza viruses (aiv) is the ability for wild migratory birds to translocate a complete (unreassorted whole genome) aiv intercontinentally. virus translocation via migratory birds is suspected in outbreaks of highly pathogenic strain a(h5n1) in asia, africa and europe. as a result, the potential intercontinental translocation of newly emerging aiv such as a(h7n9) from eurasia to north america via migratory movements of birds r ... | 2015 | 24589158 |
| epidemiological and clinical characteristics and risk factors for death of patients with avian influenza a h7n9 virus infection from jiangsu province, eastern china. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus has caused great morbidity as well as mortality since its emergence in eastern china in february 2013. however, the possible risk factors for death are not yet fully known. | 2014 | 24595034 |
| the host protease tmprss2 plays a major role in in vivo replication of emerging h7n9 and seasonal influenza viruses. | proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein is essential for influenza a virus (iav) to acquire infectivity. this process is mediated by a host cell protease(s) in vivo. the type ii transmembrane serine protease tmprss2 is expressed in the respiratory tract and is capable of activating a variety of respiratory viruses, including low-pathogenic (lp) iavs possessing a single arginine residue at the cleavage site. here we show that tmprss2 plays an essential role in the proteolytic activ ... | 2014 | 24600012 |
| laboratory diagnosis of avian influenza virus h7n9 infection in a renal transplant recipient. | a renal transplant recipient who had atypical clinical manifestations, unclear epidemiological exposure history and negative results from influenza virus antigen and nucleic acid amplification in throat swab specimens was admitted into our hospital on april 17, 2013. he was finally diagnosed as avian influenzavirus h7n9 infection. here, we reviewed the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of this patient. we speculated that the specimens should be collected repeatedly at different s ... | 2014 | 24600505 |
| rapid adaptation of avian h7n9 virus in pigs. | how the h7n9 avian influenza virus gained the distinct ability to infect humans is unclear. pigs are an important host in influenza virus ecology because they are susceptible to infection with both avian and human influenza viruses and are often involved in interspecies transmission. here, we passaged one avian isolate and one human isolate in pigs to examine the mammalian host adaptation of the h7n9 virus. the avian virus replicated to a high titer after one passage, whereas the human isolate r ... | 2014 | 24606700 |
| transmission potential of the novel avian influenza a(h7n9) infection in mainland china. | we propose and analyze a mathematical model to mimic its transmission dynamics to assess the transmission potential of the novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. by fitting the model to data of the confirmed human cases we estimate the reproduction number for human-to-human transmission as 0.467 (95% ci 0.387-0.651). simulation results indicate that approximate twofold of the current human-to-human transmission rate or periodic outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry may induce an outbreak in huma ... | 2014 | 24607746 |
| preexisting cd4+ t-cell immunity in human population to avian influenza h7n9 virus: whole proteome-wide immunoinformatics analyses. | in 2013, a novel avian influenza h7n9 virus was identified in human in china. the antigenically distinct h7n9 surface glycoproteins raised concerns about lack of cross-protective neutralizing antibodies. epitope-specific preexisting t-cell immunity was one of the protective mechanisms in pandemic 2009 h1n1 even in the absence of cross-protective antibodies. hence, the assessment of preexisting cd4+ t-cell immunity to conserved epitopes shared between h7n9 and human influenza a viruses (iav) is c ... | 2014 | 24609014 |
| cocirculation of three hemagglutinin and two neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenza viruses in huzhou, china, april 2013: implication for the origin of the novel h7n9 virus. | we detected three avian influenza hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes (h7, h9, and h5) and two neuraminidase (na) subtypes (n9 and n2), as well as h7n9-related h9n9 reassortant intermediates, cocirculating among poultry in huzhou, china, during april 2013. the results of our study reveal not only that huzhou is one of the geographic origins of the novel h7n9 virus but also that cocirculation poses a potential threat to humans in the future. | 2014 | 24623437 |
| hypothesis on the source, transmission and characteristics of infection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus--based on analysis of field epidemiological investigation and gene sequence analysis. | on 31 march 2013, the national health and family planning commission announced that human infections with influenza a (h7n9) virus had occurred in shanghai and anhui provinces, china. h7n9 cases were later detected in jiangsu and zhejiang provinces. it was estimated that the virus first spread northward along the route taken by migratory birds and then spread to neighbouring provinces with the sale of poultry. epidemiological studies were carried out on samples from the external environment of i ... | 2015 | 24628953 |
| risk assessment of human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in taiwan. | 2014 | 24630489 | |
| protective immunity to h7n9 influenza viruses elicited by synthetic dna vaccine. | despite an intensive vaccine program influenza infections remain a major health problem, due to the viruses' ability to change its envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha), through shift and drift, permitting influenza to escape protection induced by current vaccines or natural immunity. recently a new variant, h7n9, has emerged in china causing global concern. first, there have been more than 130 laboratory-confirmed human infections resulting in an alarmingly high death rate (32.3%). second, g ... | 2014 | 24631084 |
| complex reassortment of polymerase genes in asian influenza a virus h7 and h9 subtypes. | the epidemic first caused by a novel h7n9 avian influenza a virus (iav) has emerged in china recently. meanwhile, a novel h7n7 iav with the ability to infect mammals was also found in china. both iavs of h7 subtype possess internal genes originating from h9n2. as internal polymerase genes play a key role for interspecies transmission of iavs, it is important to trace the reassortment history of polymerase genes in the iavs of h7 and h9 subtypes. here, by comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of as ... | 2014 | 24632455 |
| viral lung infections: epidemiology, virology, clinical features, and management of avian influenza a(h7n9). | the avian influenza a(h7n9) virus has jumped species barrier and caused severe human infections. here, we present the virological features relevant to clinical practice, and summarize the epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies of a(h7n9) infection. | 2014 | 24637225 |
| identifying areas with a high risk of human infection with the avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in east asia. | the rapid emergence, spread, and disease severity of avian influenza a (h7n9) in china has prompted concerns about a possible pandemic and regional spread in the coming months. the objective of this study was to predict the risk of future human infections with h7n9 in china and neighboring countries by assessing the association between h7n9 cases at sentinel hospitals and putative agricultural, climatic, and demographic risk factors. | 2014 | 24642206 |
| development of rapid immunochromatographic test for hemagglutinin antigen of h7 subtype in patients infected with novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | since human infection with the novel h7n9 avian influenza virus was identified in china in march 2013, the relatively high mortality rate and possibility of human-to-human transmission have highlighted the urgent need for sensitive and specific assays for diagnosis of h7n9 infection. | 2014 | 24647358 |
| rapid strategy for screening by pyrosequencing of influenza virus reassortants--candidates for live attenuated vaccines. | live attenuated influenza vaccine viruses (laivs) can be generated by classical reassortment of gene segments between a cold adapted, temperature sensitive and attenuated master donor virus (mdv) and a seasonal wild-type (wt) virus. the vaccine candidates contain hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes derived from the circulating wt viruses and the remaining six genes derived from the mdv strains. rapid, efficient selection of the viruses with 6∶2 genome compositions from the large numb ... | 2014 | 24647786 |
| nucleic acid-based detection of influenza a virus subtypes h7 and n9 with a special emphasis on the avian h7n9 virus. | in 2013, a novel influenza a virus of subtype h7n9 was transmitted from avian sources to humans in china, causing severe illness and substantial mortality. rapid and sensitive diagnostic approaches are the basis of epidemiological studies and of utmost importance for the detection of infected humans and animals. we developed various quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr) assays for (i) the generic detection of the haemagglutinin (ha) gene of h7 viruses or the neuraminidase (na) gene of ... | 2014 | 24650867 |
| a current review of avian influenza in pigeons and doves (columbidae). | recent reports of the detection of the zoonotic low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h7n9 viruses in healthy pigeons have again put the spotlight on the potential role of pigeons and doves in the transmission of avian influenza between infected poultry and humans. a surge in studies followed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 epidemic, and this review collates the new data on aiv in pigeons and doves, both from a surveillance perspective, as well as the results of numerous clinic ... | 2014 | 24667061 |
| role of receptor binding specificity in influenza a virus transmission and pathogenesis. | the recent emergence of a novel avian a/h7n9 influenza virus in poultry and humans in china, as well as laboratory studies on adaptation and transmission of avian a/h5n1 influenza viruses, has shed new light on influenza virus adaptation to mammals. one of the biological traits required for animal influenza viruses to cross the species barrier that received considerable attention in animal model studies, in vitro assays, and structural analyses is receptor binding specificity. sialylated glycans ... | 2014 | 24668228 |
| the origin of novel avian influenza a (h7n9) and mutation dynamics for its human-to-human transmissible capacity. | in february 2013, h7n9 (a/h7n9/2013_china), a novel avian influenza virus, broke out in eastern china and caused human death. it is a global priority to discover its origin and the point in time at which it will become transmittable between humans. we present here an interdisciplinary method to track the origin of h7n9 virus in china and to establish an evolutionary dynamics model for its human-to-human transmission via mutations. after comparing influenza viruses from china since 1983, we estab ... | 2014 | 24671138 |
| molecular mechanisms enhancing the proteome of influenza a viruses: an overview of recently discovered proteins. | influenza a virus is one of the major human pathogens. despite numerous efforts to produce absolutely effective anti-influenza drugs or vaccines, no such agent has been developed yet. one of the main reasons for this complication is the high mutation rate and the specific structure of influenza a viruses genome. for more than 25 years since the first mapping of the viral genome, it was believed that its 8 genome segments encode 10 proteins. however, the proteome of influenza a viruses has turned ... | 2014 | 24675275 |
| differences in the pathogenicity and inflammatory responses induced by avian influenza a/h7n9 virus infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 mouse models. | avian influenza a/h7n9 virus infection causes pneumonia in humans with a high case fatality rate. however, virus-induced modulation of immune responses is being recognized increasingly as a factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. in this study, we compared the pathogenicity of a/h7n9 infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 mouse models, and investigated the putative involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in lung injury and viral clearance. in both mouse strains, a/anhui/1/2013(h7n9) infection with ... | 2014 | 24676272 |
| epidemiologic characterization of 30 confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in hangzhou, china. | we examined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 30 cases of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in hangzhou and investigated their external environments to provide evidence for contact tracing and disease prevention and control. | 2014 | 24678603 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of subtype h7n9 avian influenza virus. | a novel influenza a (h7n9) virus has emerged in china. to rapidly detect this virus from clinical samples, we developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for the detection of the h7n9 virus. the minimum detection limit of the rt-lamp assay was 0.01 pfu h7n9 virus, making this method 100-fold more sensitive to the detection of the h7n9 virus than conventional rt-pcr. the h7n9 virus rt-lamp assays can efficiently detect different sources of h7n9 influe ... | 2014 | 24689044 |
| quantification of viral proteins of the avian h7 subtype of influenza virus: an isotope dilution mass spectrometry method applicable for producing more rapid vaccines in the case of an influenza pandemic. | vaccination is the most effective means to prevent influenza and its serious complications. influenza viral strains undergo rapid mutations of the surface proteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) requiring vaccines to be frequently updated to include current circulating strains. it is nearly impossible to predict which strains will be circulating in the next influenza season. it is, therefore, imperative that the process of producing a vaccine be streamlined and as swift as possible. w ... | 2014 | 24689548 |
| potential geographic distribution of the novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus. | in late march 2013, a new avian-origin influenza virus emerged in eastern china. this h7n9 subtype virus has since infected 240 people and killed 60, and has awakened global concern as a potential pandemic threat. ecological niche modeling has seen increasing applications as a useful tool in mapping geographic potential and risk of disease transmission. | 2014 | 24690878 |
| prognosis of 18 h7n9 avian influenza patients in shanghai. | to provide prognosis of an 18 patient cohort who were confirmed to have h7n9 lung infection in shanghai. | 2014 | 24695420 |
| airborne transmission of highly pathogenic h7n1 influenza virus in ferrets. | avian h7 influenza viruses are recognized as potential pandemic viruses, as personnel often become infected during poultry outbreaks. h7 infections in humans typically cause mild conjunctivitis; however, the h7n9 outbreak in the spring of 2013 has resulted in severe respiratory disease. to date, no h7 viruses have acquired the ability for sustained transmission among humans. airborne transmission is considered a requirement for the emergence of pandemic influenza, and advanced knowledge of the m ... | 2014 | 24696487 |
| comprehensive characterization of serum microrna profile in response to the emerging avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in humans. | a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus recently occurred in china and caused 137 human infection cases with a 32.8% mortality rate. although various detection procedures have been developed, the pathogenesis of this emerging virus in humans remains largely unknown. in this study, we characterized serum microrna (mirna) profile in response to h7n9 virus infection using taqman low density arrays. upon infection, a total of 395 mirnas were expressed in the serum pool of patients, far beyond ... | 2014 | 24699363 |
| early response to the emergence of influenza a(h7n9) virus in humans in china: the central role of prompt information sharing and public communication. | in 2003, china's handling of the early stages of the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was heavily criticized and generally considered to be suboptimal. | 2014 | 24700999 |
| recombinant influenza h1, h5 and h9 hemagglutinins containing replaced h3 hemagglutinin transmembrane domain showed enhanced heterosubtypic protection in mice. | influenza a viruses cause annual epidemics and irregular pandemics. a vaccine with heterosubtypic protection (hetero-protection) has been needed. in the present study, various influenza h1, h3, h5, and h9 hemagglutinin (ha) proteins were expressed in insect cells, and then mice were subcutaneously immunized with the expressed ha proteins, and challenged by influenza a viruses (a/puerto rico/8/1934 (h1n1) or a/chicken/guangdong/96 (h9n2)). the results first showed that wild-type h3 hemagglutinin ... | 2014 | 24704333 |
| h7n9: a low pathogenic avian influenza a virus infecting humans. | human infections by the newly reassorted avian influenza a (h7n9) virus were reported for the first time in early 2013, and the virus was confirmed to be a low pathogenic avian influenza virus in poultry. because continuously reported cases have been increasing since the summer of 2013, this novel virus poses a potential threat to public health in china and is attracting broad attention worldwide. in this review, we summarize and discuss the characteristics of the h7n9 virus revealed by the rece ... | 2014 | 24705093 |
| association of radiologic findings with mortality in patients with avian influenza h7n9 pneumonia. | the novel h7n9 virus causes severe illness, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with high rates of mortality. we investigated the association of initial radiologic characteristics obtained at admission with clinical outcomes in patients with avian influenza h7n9 pneumonia. | 2014 | 24705783 |
| il-15 adjuvanted multivalent vaccinia-based universal influenza vaccine requires cd4+ t cells for heterosubtypic protection. | current influenza vaccines are ineffective against novel viruses and the source or the strain of the next outbreak of influenza is unpredictable; therefore, establishing universal immunity by vaccination to limit the impact of influenza remains a high priority. to meet this challenge, a novel vaccine has been developed using the immunogenic live vaccinia virus as a vaccine vector, expressing multiple h5n1 viral proteins (ha, na, m1, m2, and np) together with il-15 as a molecular adjuvant. previo ... | 2014 | 24706798 |
| dynamic change of clinical characteristics in a cured patient with influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | 2014 | 24709206 | |
| first serologic study for influenza a (h7n9) virus among veterinarians in guangdong, china. | 2014 | 24717773 | |
| experimental infection of dogs with h6n1 avian influenza a virus. | h6n1 avian influenza a viruses, which have spread across north america, europe and asia, have been shown to be infectious not only for birds but also for mammals. because humans lack immunity to h6n1 avian influenza a viruses, the emergence of these viruses in humans would probably cause a pandemic. replication of h6n1 avian influenza a viruses in dogs may facilitate their adaptation in humans because dogs are often in close contact with humans. however, the susceptibility of dogs to these virus ... | 2014 | 24719193 |
| development of a high-yield live attenuated h7n9 influenza virus vaccine that provides protection against homologous and heterologous h7 wild-type viruses in ferrets. | live attenuated h7n9 influenza vaccine viruses that possess the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from the newly emerged wild-type (wt) a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) and six internal protein gene segments from the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (aa ca) were generated by reverse genetics. the reassortant virus containing the original wt a/anhui/1/2013 ha and na sequences replicated poorly in eggs. multiple variants with amino acid substitutions in the ha head domain t ... | 2014 | 24719414 |
| analysis of influenza virus receptor specificity using glycan-functionalized gold nanoparticles. | recent cases of human infection with avian influenza h5n1 and h7n9 viruses underscore an urgent need for techniques that can rapidly assess their potential threat to the humans. determination of the receptor-binding property of influenza virus is crucial to direct viral control and prevention measures. current methods to perform this analysis are dependent on immunoanalytical strategies that use unstable biological components and complex procedures. we have developed a facile colorimetric assay ... | 2014 | 24724848 |
| ards associated with pneumonia caused by avian influenza a h7n9 virus treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | this is a sporadic h7n9 avian influenza case that was the first severe imported case in beijing and the first case of hebei province in china. a 61-year-old female who had rapidly progressive pneumonia with respiratory distress and bilateral exduation and consolidation changes on chest x-ray and computerized tomography (ct) scan that did not respond to ordinary antibiotics was diagnosed with influenza a (h7n9) infection in our hospital on july 19, 2013. intravenous peramivir, veno-venous extraco ... | 2015 | 24725670 |
| [analysis on diagnosis and treatment of 15 cases with severe influenza a]. | to analyze the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of patients with severe influenza a. | 2014 | 24739728 |
| induction of neutralizing antibodies to influenza a virus h7n9 by inactivated whole virus in mice and nonhuman primates. | we evaluated the immunogenicity of hemagglutinin (ha) in the context of inactivated h7n9/ah/1/13-pr8 whole-virion. at 4weeks after immunization with 15μg ha, mice produced hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers of 1:192 and neutralizing antibodies of 1:317. aluminum hydroxide (alum), or a booster immunization, or both increased hi to 1:768, 1:384, 1:896 and neutralizing antibodies to 1:1868, 1:2302, 1:10,000, respectively. macaques generated hi of 1:190 or 1:360 and virus neutralizing titers of ... | 2014 | 24746458 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid diagnosis of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | a genetic diagnosis system for detecting avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection using reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) technology was developed. the rt-lamp assay showed no cross-reactivity with seasonal influenza a (h3n2 and h1n1pdm09) or influenza b viruses circulating in humans or with avian influenza a (h5n1) viruses. the sensitivity of the rt-lamp assay was 42.47 copies/reaction. considering the high specificity and sensitivity of the assay for detect ... | 2014 | 24747008 |
| pcr for detection of oseltamivir resistance mutation in influenza a(h7n9) virus. | sensitive molecular techniques are needed for rapid detection of the r292k oseltamivir-resistant mutant of influenza a(h7/n9) virus strain to monitor its transmission and guide antiviral treatment. we developed a real-time reverse transcription pcr and single nucleotide polymorphism probes to differentiate this mutant strain in mixed virus populations in human specimens. | 2014 | 24751348 |