Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| rapid preconcentration method for the determination of azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin in neem oil samples by using graphitised carbon solid phase extraction. | a simple and rapid method involving solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography for the determination of azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin at nanogram levels in neem oil samples is presented. the neem oil samples are defatted and the compounds of interest extracted by mixing the sample with hexane and passing the hexane solution through a graphitised carbon black column. after washing the column with 2 ml of hexane, azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin are eluted with 5 ml of ... | 1999 | 10563041 |
| stabilization of azadirachtin a in neem formulations: effect of some solid carriers, neem oil, and stabilizers. | formulation of azadirachtin a on attapulgite, kaolinite, fuller's earth, hydrated calcium silicate, and fly ash revealed that it degraded to the tune of 70-95% on different solid carriers as compared to 56% in neem oil, during the 14 day heat storage studies at 54 +/- 1 degrees c in the laboratory. the degradation was reduced by 26-60% on different carriers by employing either anthraquinone or epichlorohydrin as stabilizer. pyrogallol and hydroquinone enhanced the degradation. the cation exchang ... | 1999 | 10564046 |
| chemistry of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss.). | 1999 | 10592761 | |
| extraction of azadirachtin a from neem seed kernels by supercritical fluid and its evaluation by hplc and lc/ms. | a new supercritical extraction methodology was applied to extract azadirachtin a (aza-a) from neem seed kernels. supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide (co(2)) were used as extractive agents in a three-separation-stage supercritical pilot plant. subcritical conditions were tested too. comparisons were carried out by calculating the efficiency of the pilot plant with respect to the milligrams per kilogram of seeds (ms/mo) of aza-a extracted. the most convenient extraction was gained using an ms/ ... | 1999 | 10606604 |
| early post implantation contraceptive effects of a purified fraction of neem (azadirachta indica) seeds, given orally in rats: possible mechanisms involved. | neem seed and leaf extracts have immunomodulators that induce cellular immune reactions. these aspects of neem were exploited in earlier studies, where the oral administration of the neem seed extracts in rodents and primates could completely abrogate pregnancy at an early post implantation stage. complete restoration of fertility was observed in the animals treated in the subsequent cycles. for the purpose of using neem as a long term contraceptive, an activity guided fractionation, followed by ... | 1999 | 10617063 |
| a comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin. | a comparison of blood sugar lowering activity of four important medicinal plants (azadirachta indica, gymnema sylvestre, catharanthus roseus and ocimum sanctum) were carried out against normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models. the plant extracts decreased the blood sugar level in varying degrees. blood sugar lowering unit (blu) of activity of each leaf extract and tolbutamide was calculated by ed50 values. statistical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) variation among the tre ... | 1999 | 10617074 |
| possible mechanism of antihyperglycemic effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract: part v. | effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract on serotonin inhibition in glucose mediated insulin release in rat pancreas was studied in vitro to elucidate the possible mechanism of antihyperglycemic effect of a. indica leaf extract. a. indica leaf extract blocks significantly (p < 0.05) the inhibitory effect of serotonin on insulin secretion mediated by glucose. | 1999 | 10617075 |
| chemopreventive potential of neem (azadirachta indica) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis was investigated in syrian male hamsters. all hamsters painted on their buccal pouch with dmba for 14 weeks developed squamous cell carcinoma. administration of neem leaf extract effectively suppressed oral carcinogenesis initiated with dmba as revealed by the reduced incidence of neoplasms. lipid peroxidation, glutathione (gsh) content a ... | 1999 | 10619383 |
| effect of different combinations of mgk-264 or piperonyl butoxide with plant-derived molluscicides on snail reproduction. | effect of sublethal treatment (20% and 60% of lc(50)/24 h) of plant-derived molluscicides, viz. polianthes tuberosa, trachyspermum ammi, allium sativum powder; azadirachta indica oil; oleoresin of zingiber officinale; and their active molluscicidal component in combination (1:5) with mgk-264 or piperonyl butoxide on the reproduction of snail lymnaea acuminata have been studied. it was observed that the combination of plant derived molluscicide and their active molluscicidal components, viz. tigo ... | 2000 | 10629280 |
| glutaraldehyde crosslinked sodium alginate beads containing liquid pesticide for soil application. | this paper presents experimental results on the successful encapsulation of a natural liquid pesticide 'neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) seed oil' hereafter designated as nso, using sodium alginate (na-alg) as a controlled release (cr) polymer after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (ga). the nso-containing beads have been prepared by changing the experimental variables such as the extent of crosslinking and the amount of loading in order to optimize the process variables. the absence of chemic ... | 2000 | 10640583 |
| effects of neem products containing azadirachtin on blood feeding, fecundity, and survivorship of culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | when late 3rd or early 4th-instar larvae of culex tarsalis coquillett and culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes were treated with sublethal dosages of neem insecticide until pupation, the blood-feeding activity of the resulting adults was essentially the same as that of untreated controls. in contrast, blood-feeding activity was suppressed when newly emerged adults were fed continuously on 10 parts per million (ppm) or 50 ppm azadirachtin (az) in 10% sucrose solution for seven days. fecundity wa ... | 1999 | 10672550 |
| modulatory effects of garlic and neem leaf extracts on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced oxidative stress in wistar rats. | the effects of garlic and neem leaf extracts on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during administration of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), a carcinogenic nitrosamine were evaluated in male wistar rats. extracts of garlic and neem leaf were administered orally for five consecutive days before intraperitoneal injection of mnng. enhanced lipid peroxidation in the stomach, liver and circulation of mnng-treated rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in glutathione (gsh) a ... | 2000 | 10686579 |
| two insecticidal tetranortriterpenoids from azadirachta indica. | two new triterpenoids, 6 alpha-o-acetyl-7-deacetylnimocinol [24,25,26,27-tetra-norapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6 alpha-acetoxy-7 alpha-hydroxy-1,14,20,22-tetraen-21,23-epoxy-3-one] (1) and meliacinol [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-1 alpha-trimethylacryloxy-21,23-6 alpha,28-diepoxy-16-oxo-17-oxa-14,20,22-trien-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol] (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fresh leaves of azadirachta indica (neem). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies ... | 2000 | 10703059 |
| how safe is neem extract with respect to thyroid function in male mice? | in this investigation we attempted to find out the hitherto unstudied adverse effects of neem (azardirachta indica) leaf extract on the thyroid function of male mice. neem leaf extract was orally administered in two different doses (40 mg and 100 mg kg(-1)day(-1)for 20 days). the extract exhibited differential effects. while the higher dose decreased serum tri-iodothyonine (t(3)) and increased serum thyroxine (t(4)) concentrations, no significant alterations of levels were observed in the lower ... | 2000 | 10704265 |
| studies in vitro on the relative efficacy of current acaricides for sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. | resistance of sarcoptes scabiei to various topical therapies has been described, but clinical assessment of treatment failure is problematic and in-vitro assays are generally not available. we describe a simple in-vitro analysis used to evaluate the relative efficacy of a range of topical, oral, and herbal treatments available in australia for the treatment of scabies. s. scabiei var. hominis mites were collected from skin scrapings obtained from 7 crusted scabies patients over a period of 2 yea ... | 2000 | 10748911 |
| potential of combining neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed oil with varietal resistance for the management of the cowpea bruchid, callosobruchus maculatus (f.). | the efficacy of different rates (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/5 g seed) of application of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil (nso) was assessed on four cowpea varieties (kanannado, it89kd-391, borno brown and it89kd-374) with differing susceptibilities to callosobruchus maculatus. the different rates of nso significantly interacted with cowpea varietal resistance and reduced oviposition and percentage adult emergence of c. maculatus. the interaction of the strategies also significantly reduced percenta ... | 2000 | 10758260 |
| epidemiological study of dental caries. | a total of 2000 children (1-14 year age group) attending pediatric opd, school clinic & well body clinic of dr. r.n. cooper municipal hospital & k.e.m hospital, mumbai were examined for caries prevalence and 35.6% had dental caries. parental income was not shown to have any bearing on caries prevalence. parental literacy, particularly maternal literacy was shown to influence caries prevalence in children. the prevalence was low in well-nourished children and in those taking vegetarian type of di ... | 2004 | 10773954 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) extract as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogenic bacteria. | aquaneem, an emulsified product prepared from the neem (a. indica) kernel was tested against four pathogenic bacteria of fish (i.e. aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas fluorescens, escherichia coli and myxobacteria spp.) to test its efficacy as an antibacterial agent. growth inhibitory property of the product at 10, 15 and 20 ppm has been noticed and recorded. the percentage reduction of bacterial cell population was noted to be maximum on 9th day at 20 ppm concentration (i.e. 70.14%, 74.15% and 6 ... | 1999 | 10783742 |
| toxicity of a neem (azadirachta indica) insecticide to certain aquatic organisms. | neem based insecticides are likely to show a large increase in use in the near future. in the present work, the toxicity of a neem insecticide, neem-azal-t/s, was tested against the mosquito larvae, as well as against certain non target organisms occurring in a polluted pond and a shallow stream, located in a cultivated area in giza, egypt. samples of water containing the experimental animals were collected from this area, and toxicity tests were conducted in the laboratory by exposing them to a ... | 2000 | 10786033 |
| 'in vitro' antiviral activity of neem (azadirachta indica. a. juss) leaf extract against group b coxsackieviruses. | the antiviral and virucidal effect of methanolic extract fraction of leaves of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) (ncl-11) was studied regarding its activity and possible mechanism of action against coxsackie b group of viruses. ncl-11 inhibited plaque formation in 6 antigenic types of coxsackie virus b at a concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml at 96 hrs. 'in vitro'. additionally virus inactivation, yield reduction and effect of time of addition assays suggested that ncl-11 was most effective agai ... | 1999 | 10810594 |
| medicinal plants used for dogs in trinidad and tobago. | this paper documents ethnoveterinary medicines used to treat dogs in trinidad and tobago. in 1995, a 4-stage process was used to conduct the research and document the ethnoveterinary practices. twenty-eight ethnoveterinary respondents were identified using the school-essay method, which is a modified rapid rural appraisal (rra) technique. semi-structured interviews were held with these respondents as well as with 30 veterinarians, 27 extension officers and 19 animal-health assistants and/or agri ... | 2000 | 10821961 |
| comparative laboratory toxicity of neem pesticides to honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae), their mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae), and brood pathogens paenibacillus larvae and ascophaera apis. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate neem oil and neem extract for the management of key honey bee (apis mellifera l.) pests. neem pesticides inhibited the growth of paenibacillus larvae (ash, priest & collins) in vitro but had no effect on the growth of ascophaera apis (olive & spiltoir). azadirachtin-rich extract (neem-aza) was 10 times more potent than crude neem oil (neem oil) against p. larvae suggesting that azadirachtin is a main antibiotic component in neem. neem-aza, however, ... | 2000 | 10826163 |
| greens persuade europe to revoke patent on neem tree... | 2000 | 10830934 | |
| antifungal activity of some tetranortriterpenoids. | natural tetranortriterpenoids such as cedrelone from toona ciliata, azadiradione from azadirachta indica, limonin, limonol and nomilinic acid from citrus medica, along with some cedrelone derivatives were tested for their antifungal activity against puccinia arachidis, a groundnut rust pathogen. results show that cedrelone was the most effective in reducing rust pustule emergence. replacement of functional groups or modification of the a or the b ring in cedrelone reduced the effectiveness indic ... | 2000 | 10844171 |
| garlic and neem leaf extracts enhance hepatic glutathione and glutathione dependent enzymes during n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats. | the protective effect of garlic (allium sativum l.) and neem leaf (azadirachta indica a. juss.) was investigated on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in male wistar rats. enhanced lipid peroxidation in the liver of tumour-bearing animals was accompanied by significant decreases in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) and ... | 2000 | 10861977 |
| the antimicrobial effects of extracts of azadirachta indica (neem) and salvadora persica (arak) chewing sticks. | chewing sticks (miswak) is most commonly used int he middle east and indian subcontinent salvadora persica (arak) and azadirachta indica (neem) are commonly used as oral hygiene tools in different parts of the world, several studies have demonstrated the anti-plaque anticarious and antibacterial effect of these sticks. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity of neem and arak chewing stick's aqueous extracts at various concentrations. the microbial inhibit ... | 1999 | 10865390 |
| effect of azadirachta indica leaves on rat spermatozoa. | histochemical studies and sem observations on the morphological changes in the head of the spermatozoa in general, and the acrosome in particular, in a. indica treated rats are reported. in the treated rats change in the shape and size of the sperm head, with a dorso-ventral constriction of the middle region of the sperm head i.e., between the anterior and posterior regions was observed. it was rather difficult to differentiate the outer acrosomal and outer plasma membranes. a decrease in the pe ... | 1999 | 10865894 |
| effect of fatty acids and oils on photodegradation of azadirachtin-a. | azadirachtin-a on exposure to uv-light (254 nm) as a thin film on glass surface gave a isomerised (z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate product. half-life of azadirachtin-a as thin film under uv light was found to be 48 min. azadirachtin-a was irradiated along with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty oils under ultra-violet light as thin film. saturated fatty acid increased the rate of photodegradation of azadirachtin-a, whereas unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and elaidic acid re ... | 2000 | 10874625 |
| urea-formaldehyde nanocapsules for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium. | urea-formaldehyde (uf), polymerized in situ in aqueous media, is a rigid polymer that can be used in the controlled release of bioactive molecules. during the process of polymerization, liquid neem seed oil (nso) was encapsulated at three different loadings, which was then replaced by diclofenac sodium (ds), the presence of which was confirmed by ftir spectra. the nanocapsules thus prepared were evaluated for percentage loading of the drug, particle size and release characteristics. thermal anal ... | 2016 | 10898085 |
| field evaluation of neem and canola oil for the selective control of the honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae). | neem oil, neem extract (neem-aza), and canola oil were evaluated for the management of the honey bee mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (oudemans) and acarapis woodi (rennie) in field experiments. spraying neem oil on bees was more effective at controlling v. jacobsoni than feeding oil in a sucrose-based matrix (patty), feeding neem-aza in syrup, or spraying canola oil. neem oil sprays also protected susceptible bees from a. woodi infestation. only neem oil provided v. jacobsoni control comparable ... | 2000 | 10902299 |
| effects of biorational pesticides on four coccinellid species (coleoptera: coccinellidae) having potential as biological control agents in interiorscapes. | the direct toxicity of insecticidal soap, horticultural oil, azatin, an extract from the neem tree containing azadiractin, and botainigard, a commercial formulation of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, was assessed on adults of four species of coccinellids--hippodamia convergens (guérin-ménéville), coleomegilla maculata (degeer), harmonia axyridis pallas, and cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant. all biorationals caused less mortality than a conventional pesticide, carbaryl (sevin). h ... | 2000 | 10902323 |
| effect of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf aqueous extract on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. | the effect of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica (a. indica) was evaluated in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. liver necrosis was produced by administering single dose of paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.). the liver damage was evidenced by elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-gt) and by histopathological observations of liver sections. aqueous a. indica leaf extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) significan ... | 2000 | 10919097 |
| a study of hypoglycaemic effects of azadirachta indica (neem) in normaland alloxan diabetic rabbits. | hypoglycaemic effect was observed with azadirachta indica when given as a leaf extract and seed oil, in normal as well as diabetic rabbits. the effect, however, was more pronounced in diabetic animals in which administration for 4 weeks after alloxan induced diabetes, significantly reduced blood glucose levels. hypoglycaemic effect was comparable to that of glibenclamide. pretreatment with a. indica leaf extract or seed oil administration, started 2 weeks prior to alloxan, partially prevented th ... | 2000 | 10919098 |
| field evaluation of herbal mosquito repellents. | repellent properties of zanthoxylum armatum dc. syn. z. alatum roxb. (timur), curcuma aromatica (jungli haldi) and azadirachta indica (neem) oils were evaluated against mosquitoes in mustard (brassica sp.) and coconut (cocos sp.) oil base and compared with synthetic repellent. dimethyl phthalate (dmp) as standard. timur and jungli haldi afforded better protection in the both the base at all the concentrations. tepellents in mustard oil gave longer protection time than those in coconut oil. at 0. ... | 1999 | 10937301 |
| a study of water relations in neem (azadirachta indica) seed that is characterized by complex storage behaviour. | neem (azadirachta indica) seed is reputed to have limited tolerance to desiccation, to be sensitive to chilling and imbibitional stress, and to display intermediate storage behaviour. to understand this behaviour the properties of water in seed tissues were studied. water sorption isotherms showed that at similar relative humidity (rh), the water content was consistently higher in axes than in cotyledons, mainly due to the elevated lipid content (51%) in the cotyledons. using differential scanni ... | 2000 | 10938819 |
| anti-microbial activity of a new vaginal contraceptive nim-76 from neem oil (azadirachta indica). | efficacy of nim-76, a spermicidal fraction from neem oil, was investigated for its antimicrobial action against certain bacteria, fungi and polio virus as compared to whole neem oil. the nim-76 preparation showed stronger anti-microbial activity than the whole neem oil. it inhibited growth of various pathogens tested including escherichia coli and kleibsiella pneumoniae which were not affected by the whole neem oil. nim-76 also exhibited antifungal activity against candida albicans and antiviral ... | 2000 | 10940573 |
| the toxicity of a neem insecticide to populations of culicidae and other aquatic invertebrates as assessed in in situ microcosms. | microcosm trials were conducted with the botanical insecticide margosan-o(r) to assess the potential hazards of the product to aquatic organisms. laboratory chronic bioassays with water from the treated microcosms were conducted to provide an estimate of the residual effect of margosan-o. results from chronic tests showed margosan-o toxicity to be greater in the laboratory exposures than in situ with culicidae larvae exposed to the same concentrations. residue analyses of the active ingredient, ... | 2000 | 10948283 |
| rapid and sensitive analysis of azadirachtin and related triterpenoids from neem (azadirachta indica) by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. | based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (apci) mass spectrometry, a hplc-ms method was developed to permit the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of azadirachtin and related tetranortriterpenoids from seeds and tissue cultures of neem (azadirachta indica). apci+ standard scanning mass spectra of the major neem triterpenoids were recorded and utilized to select suitable ions for selected ion monitoring (sim). t ... | 2000 | 10950279 |
| effect of emulsion size and shelf life of azadirachtin a on the bioefficacy of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) emulsifiable concentrates. | in a study of 33 recipes of neem oil based emulsifiable concentrates, the specific surface area of the emulsions and cream plus oil layer separation in emulsions at 24 h revealed a correlation of -0.6874 between them and correlations of -0.8940 and 0.6972, respectively, with bioefficacy (lc(50)) against the 3-day-old second-instar larvae of the bihar hairy caterpillar, spilosoma obliqua walker. nearly 96-99% of azadirachtin a in emulsifiable concentrates (aza-a content = 617.93-1149.65 ppm) degr ... | 2000 | 10956167 |
| effect of single and binary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides on reproduction and survival of the snail achatina fulica. | the effects of sublethal treatments (20% and 60% of lc(50)/24 h) with plant-derived molluscicides on the reproduction of the giant african snail achatina fulica were studied. azadirachta indica oil, cedrus deodara oil, allium sativum bulb powder, and nerium indicum bark powder singly and binary combinations on reproduction and survival of a. fulica were investigated. repeated treatment occurred on day 0, day 15, and day 30. these plant-derived molluscicides significantly reduced fecundity, egg v ... | 2000 | 11031309 |
| a study of cutaneous myiasis in sri lanka. | cutaneous myiasis (cm) due to diptera fly larvae shows different patterns in different regions. many modalities of treatment have been described. the objectives of our study were to identify the species causing cm in sri lanka, the common sites of infestation, and the contributory factors, and to assess some treatment modalities, in particular mineral turpentine and certain herbal preparations. | 2000 | 11044194 |
| a new triterpenoid from azadirachta indica. | a new triterpenoid, 1 alpha,7 alpha-diacetoxyapotirucall-14-en e-3 alpha, 21,22,24,25-pentaol (1), and the two known compounds odoratone (2) and 2 beta,3 beta,4 beta-trihydroxypregnan-16-o ne (3) were isolated from a methanolic extract of the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. | 2000 | 11077174 |
| post harvest physiconutritional changes in kagzi limes (citrus aurantifolia swingle) treated with selected oil emulsions and diphenyl. | influence of oil emulsions and diphenyl on post-harvest physiconutritional changes in kagzi limes (citrus aurantifolia) was studied. during twelve days of storage, physiological loss in weight (plw) and rotting were at a minimum in fruits treated with neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) oil plus diphenyl; juice content was at a maximum in mustard oil + diphenyl treated fruits. with the advancement of storage period, total soluble solids were increased while ascorbic acid and acidity of fruits dec ... | 2000 | 11086872 |
| variations in fatty acid composition of neem seeds collected from the rajasthan state of india. | neem (azadirachta indica) is a multipurpose tree native to the indian subcontinent and south-east asian countries. products derived from neem have been used for centuries, particularly in india, for medicinal and pest-management purposes. azadirachtin and neem oil are the two major commercially important products derived from the tree. the oil contains palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids in good proportion. although there is growing demand for quality planting material for plantation of ... | 2000 | 11171243 |
| evaluation of the in-vitro pediculicidal action of four known insecticides and three medicinal plant extracts. | human lice is an increasing community health problem worldwide. this is particularly true among school children who spend most of their daytime in crowded areas. four commercially known insecticides and three medicinal plant extracts were studied to evaluate their pediculicidal activities in-vitro. the best result with insecticides was achieved with malathion (lt5o 10.396 and slope function 1.183). the best result with medicinal plant extracts was achieved with neem oil (a. indica) (lt5o 85.27 a ... | 2000 | 11198367 |
| a preliminary field study on repellency of neem oil against anopheles dirus (diptera:culicidae) in assam. | 2000 | 11198400 | |
| cytotoxicity of azadirachtin a in human glioblastoma cell lines. | the neem toxin azadirachtin a exhibits selective toxicity on insects. despite its well-proven efficacy, the mode of action of this toxin remains obscure. the toxicity on vertebrate cells compared to insect cells is also not well characterized. we have cultivated six human glioblastoma cell lines g-28, g-112, g-60 (tp53 mutant) and g-44, g-62, g-120 (tp53 wild-type) in the presence of 28 microm of azadirachtin. this toxin concentration was chosen because it represents the 25 to 50% lethal dose in ... | 2001 | 11228099 |
| multivariate calibration for the determination of total azadirachtin-related limonoids and simple terpenoids in neem extracts using vanillin assay. | two-component and multivariate calibration techniques were developed for the simultaneous quantification of total azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) and simple terpenoids (st) in neem extracts using vanillin assay. a mathematical modeling method was also developed to aid in the analysis of the spectra and to simplify the calculations. the mathematical models were used in a two-component calibration (using azadirachtin and limonene as standards) for samples containing mainly limonoids and terp ... | 2001 | 11312830 |
| azadirachtin, a neem biopesticide: subchronic toxicity assessment in rats. | azadirachtin, a biopesticide obtained from neem, was subjected to subchronic toxicological testing to document its safety for use as a pesticide. azadirachtin technical 12% orally administered to male and female rats at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg/day for 90 days did not produce any signs of toxicity, mortality, changes in tissue weight, pathology and serum and blood parameters. it can be suggested that azadirachtin at the highest dose tested is well tolerated by rats of both sexes. the hi ... | 2001 | 11313114 |
| effects of neem seed derivatives on behavioral and physiological responses of the cosmopolites sordidus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | both in a choice and multi-choice laboratory tests, fewer adults of the banana root borer, cosmopolites sordidus (germar), settled under the corms of the susceptible banana "nakyetengu" treated with 5% aqueous extract of neem seed powder or cake or 2.5 and 5% emulsified neem oil than on water-treated corms. feeding damage by larvae on banana pseudostem discs treated with 5% extract of powdered neem seed, kernel, or cake, or 5% emulsified neem oil was significantly less than on untreated discs. t ... | 2001 | 11332838 |
| pb, zn, and cu levels in tree barks as indicator of atmospheric pollution. | barks of seven species of trees were sampled at 32 locations having different pollution levels in abeokuta, nigeria. the concentrations of pb, zn, and cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. the pb and zn contents, 1.9-159.8 and 16.5-659.1 micrograms g-1, dry weight respectively, correlate with traffic volume, indicating pollution from anthropogenic sources. the results obtained for cu, 4.2-20.7 micrograms g-1, dry weight, though lower, were still significant but did not show any c ... | 2000 | 11345732 |
| immunostimulatory effect of azadirachtin in oreochromis mossambicus (peters). | the effect of azadirachtin, a triterpenoid derived from azadirachta indica on the immune response was studied in the freshwater teleost, o. mossambicus. bovine serum albumin (bsa) and sheep erythrocytes (srbc) were used as antigens to evoke immune response. the immune responses in fish were measured by quantifying antibodies produced and counting the peripheral blood leucocytes in control and experimental fish. in general, azadirachtin significantly enhanced the antibody response and leucocyte c ... | 2000 | 11395951 |
| axenic germination of scutellospora erythropa and scutellospora nigra in in vitro conditions. | spores of scutellospora erythropa and scu. nigra isolated from neem rhizosphere soils from coastal regions of chennai were tested for axenic germination in in vitro conditions. they showed positive results in media of different composition using root exudates, soil extract, thiamine hcl and inositol. the combined medium increased the spore germination in scu. erythropa and in scu. nigra over water agar control. the germ tube often grew up to 3.8 cm on combined media but no vegetative spores and ... | 2000 | 11395963 |
| antibacterial activity of karanj (pongamia pinnata) and neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil: a preliminary report. | the antibacterial activity of karanj (pongamia pinnata) and neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil in vitro against fourteen strains of pathogenic bacteria was assessed. using the tube dilution technique, it was observed that 57.14 and 21.42% of the pathogens were inhibited at 500 microl/ml; 14.28 and 71.42% at 125 microl/ml; and 28.57 and 7.14% at 250 microl/ml of karanj and neem oils, respectively. the activity with both the oils was bactericidal and independent of temperature and energy. most of ... | 2001 | 11414503 |
| sperm parameters changes induced by azadirachta indica in albino rats. | azadirachta indica treatment for 48 days in albino rats resulted in a decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, and forward velocity. the percentage of abnormal sperm increased and the fructose content of caudal semen of the epididymis decreased. the observations suggest that these effects are probably due to an androgen deficiency, caused by the anti-androgenic property of the leaves of a. indica, thereby affecting the physiological maturation of sperm. | 2001 | 11414509 |
| viability loss of neem (azadirachta indica) seeds associated with membrane phase behaviour. | storage of neem (azadirachta indica) seeds is difficult because of their sensitivity to chilling stress at moisture contents (mc) > or =10% or imbibitional stress below 10% mc. the hypothesis was tested that an elevated gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (tm) of membranes is responsible for this storage behaviour. to this end a spin probe technique, fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, and electron microscopy were used. the in situ tm of hydrated membranes was betwee ... | 2001 | 11432909 |
| pesticidal properties of parthenin (from parthenium hysterophorus) and related compounds. | eleven sesquiterpene lactone derivatives of parthenin (1), obtained from wild feverfew, parthenium hysterophorus, were prepared by chemical and photochemical transformations. the compounds tested were a pyrazoline adduct (2) of parthenin, its cyclopropyl (3) and propenyl (4) derivatives, anhydroparthenin (5), a dihydro-deoxygenated product (6), a formate (7) and its corresponding alcohol (8) and acetate (9), a rearranged product (10), lactone (11) and hemiacetal (12). all these derivatives, alon ... | 2001 | 11455638 |
| effects of vepacide (azadirachta indica) on aspartate and alanine aminotransferase profiles in a subchronic study with rats. | the aim of this study was to ascertain the long-term effects of vepacide, a neem-based pesticide on biochemical profiles. albino wistar rats were treated orally with 80 (low), 160 (medium) and 320 mg/kg (high) doses of vepacide in coconut oil for 90 days. control rats received the same volume of the vehicle. vepacide caused increase of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in serum, kidney and lung, and these enzymes decreased in liver in both male and female rats when measured after 45 and 90 ... | 2001 | 11476156 |
| effect of textile industrial effluent on tree plantation and soil chemistry. | a field study was conducted at arid forest research institute to study the effect of textile industrial effluent on the growth of forest trees and associated soil properties. the effluent has high ph, electrical conductivity (ec), sodium adsorption ratio (sar) and residual sodium carbonate (rsc) whereas the bivalent cations were in traces. eight months old seedlings of acacia nilotica, acacia tortilis, albizia lebbeck, azadirachta indica, parkinsonia aculeata and prosopis juliflora were planted ... | 2001 | 11480353 |
| population-level effects of the neem insecticide, neemix, on daphnia pulex. | although natural insecticides from the neem tree are generally perceived as less harmful to the environment than synthetic insecticides, new evidence indicates that these products may pose a risk to certain nontarget organisms. in this paper, acute and chronic effects of commercial neem insecticides on the aquatic invertebrate, daphnia pulex were examined. the acute toxicity of two commercial neem insecticides, neemix, azatin and the experimental insecticide, rh-9999 to d. pulex was investigated ... | 2001 | 11495023 |
| molluscicidal activity of lawsonia inermis and its binary and tertiary combinations with other plant derived molluscicides. | molluscicidal activity of leaf, bark and seed of lawsonia inermis against lymnaea acuminata and indoplanorbis exustus was studied. highest toxicity was observed in the seed of lawsonia inermis. toxicity of binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations of the essential oil of cedar (cedrus deodara roxh) and neem (azadirachta indica a. juss), powder from bulb of garlic (allium sativum linn), and oleoresin extracted from rhizome of ginger (zingiber officinale rosc) with lawsonia inermis and embeli ... | 2001 | 11495286 |
| determination of azadirachtin in agricultural matrixes and commercial formulations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for azadirachtin (aza), a biopesticide from the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss). the immunogen was synthesized by epoxidation using the furan ring in the aza molecule. rabbits were immunized with either bovine serum albumin (bsa)-azadirachtin or ovalbumin (oa)-azadirachtin conjugate. evaluation of the antisera by antibody capture assay showed that the antibody titer of antisera raised against oa-aza was 1:30,000. an indirect compe ... | 2001 | 11501897 |
| combinations of azadirachta indica and cedrus deodara oil with piperonyl butoxide, mgk-264 and embelia ribes against lymnaea acuminata. | the binary and tertiary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides azadirachta indica and cedrus deodara oil with synergists mgk-264, piperonyl butoxide (pb) and fruit powder of embelia ribes were used against the lymnaea acuminata. it was observed that the toxic effects of these mixtures were time- and dose-dependent. the binary and tertiary mixtures of plant-derived molluscicides with synergists were more toxic with respect to the single treatment of the plant-derived molluscicides. maximum s ... | 2001 | 11534900 |
| genotoxicity of a crude leaf extract of neem in male germ cells of mice. | the oral administration of a soxhlated crude ethanolic extract of leaves of neem (azadirachta indica ajuss; family meliaceae) to adult male mice for 6 weeks (one spermatogenic duration) at the rate of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg body weight per day increased the incidences of structural changes and synaptic-disturbances in meiotic chromosomes and also caused more disruptions of meiosis. the extract reduced the sperm count and increased the frequency of spermatozoa with abnormal head morphology. it is s ... | 2001 | 11545443 |
| spermicidal & contraceptive properties of praneem polyherbal pessary. | though a number of barrier methods and potent spermicides are available, most of these have nonoxynol-9 (n-9) as the active ingredient which is observed to cause inflammation and genital ulceration on repeated use. the present study was undertaken to develop a safe spermicide with conjoint microbicidal properties. | 2001 | 11558322 |
| influence of operating parameters on the use of the microwave-assisted process (map) for the extraction of azadirachtin-related limonoids from neem (azadirachta indica) under atmospheric pressure conditions. | the use of the microwave-assisted process (map) for the extraction of azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) from various parts of the neem tree was investigated under different operating conditions. the influence of microwave power, solvent, and irradiation time on the recovery of azrl was studied. the efficiency of the microwave-assisted extraction (mae) of the seed kernel, the seed shell, the leaf, and the leaf stem was compared to that of conventional extraction methods. the content of azrl i ... | 2001 | 11599992 |
| effect of azadirachta indica extract on plasma lipid levels in human malaria. | plasma lipid levels (cholesterol, hdl-cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol) were estimated in patients with different antimalarial drugs. the lipid levels especially cholesterol and ldl-cholesterol were found to be lower (p > 0.01) during therapy when compared to the control group (non-malaria patients), while triacylglycerol and hdl-cholesterol levels were higher (p < 0.01) in the malaria patients than the control group. | 2001 | 11680094 |
| comparative residual toxicities of pesticides to the predator agistemus industani (acari: stigmaeidae) on citrus in florida. | residual toxicities of registered and selected experimental pesticides used on citrus against agistemus industani gonzalez (acari: stigmaeidae) were compared. pesticides considered highly toxic to a. industani were: abamectin 0.15 ec at 731 ml/ha + fc 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, pyridaben 75 wp at 469 g/ha, ethion 4 ec at 7.01 l/ha + fc 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, propargite 6.55 ec at 3.51 l/ha, chlorfenapyr 2 sc at 1.46 l/ha applied alone or in combination with fc 435-66 petroleu ... | 2001 | 11697784 |
| nematodes and the neem tree on the net. | 2001 | 11700237 | |
| [evaluation of plant protectants against pest insects]. | an interference index of population control (iipc) was constructed for investigating the complex effects of plant protectants, including the effects of repelling insect pests away from the plant, deterring the egg laying of adults and the continuation of feeding, and causing death by toxicity. at the same time, indicated by iipc, the alcohol extracts of some common plants, such as eucalytus rubusta, wedelia chinensis etc. and the neem oil gave very good results to protect the plant against plute ... | 2000 | 11766564 |
| inhibitory potential of neem (azadirachta indica juss) leaves on dengue virus type-2 replication. | in the present study we report in vitro and in vivo inhibitory potential of crude aqueous extract of neem leaves and pure neem compound (azadirachtin) on the replication of dengue virus type-2. in vitro antiviral activity of aqueous neem leaves extract assessed in c(6/36) (cloned cells of larvae of aedes albopictus) cells employing virus inhibition assay showed inhibition in dose dependent manner. the aqueous extract of neem leaves at its maximum non-toxic concentration of 1.897 mg/ml completely ... | 2002 | 11801392 |
| comparative toxicity of two azadirachtin-based neem pesticides to daphnia pulex. | azadirachtin (aza)-based pesticides (neemix and bioneem) demonstrated toxicity in 48-h nonrenewal toxicity assays using daphnia pulex at levels that were comparable with several organophosphate pesticides. the median lethal concentration (lc50) values for the two neem pesticides were found to be 0.028 and 0.033 microl/ml, respectively. the lc50 value for nonformulated (95% pure) aza was determined to be 0.382 microg aza/ml. neemix and bioneem were exposed to air and northern sky daylight in a li ... | 2002 | 11804058 |
| radiosensitizing effects of neem (azadirachta indica) oil. | radiosensitization by neem oil was studied using balbc/3t3 cells and scid cells. neem oil enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cells when applied both during and after x-irradiation under aerobic conditions. neem oil completely inhibited the repair of sublethal damage and potentially lethal damage repair in balbc/3t3 cells. the cytofluorimeter data show that neem oil treatment before and after x-irradiation reduced the g(2) + m phase, thus inhibiting the expression of the radiation induced arres ... | 2002 | 11807971 |
| the effect of indigenous neem azadirachta indica [correction of (adirachta indica)] mouth wash on streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli growth. | neem is one of the most widely researched tropical tree, with almost all it's parts being put for a variety of uses. in the present study, the antibacterial effect of neem mouthwash against salivary levels of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus has been tested over a period of 2 months. also it's effect in reversing incipient carious lesions was assessed. while streptococcus mutans was inhibited by neem mouthwashes, with or without alcohol as well as chlorhexidine, lactobacillus growth was in ... | 2001 | 11808064 |
| control of aedes breeding using bactoculicide and neem oil combination in evaporation coolers. | 2000 | 11820084 | |
| community-level disruptions among zooplankton of pond mesocosms treated with a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide. | a natural, plant-derived insecticide, neem, is being evaluated as an alternative insect pest control product for forestry in canada. as part of the process to investigate the environmental safety of neem-based insecticides, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to assess the effects of neem on natural zooplankton communities. replicate (n=5), shallow (<1 m) forest pond enclosures were treated with neemix 4.5, at concentrations of 0.035 (the expected environmental concentration), 0.18, 0.70, and 1. ... | 2002 | 11856575 |
| ldh profiles of male and female rats treated with vepacide. | in the present study we investigated the effect of vepacide, a neem-based compound, on the biochemical target enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in different tissues of male and female albino wistar rats treated orally with 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg (low, medium and high doses, respectively) for a period of 90 days. prolonged administration of vepacide caused a significant increase of ldh activity in serum and lung tissues and a decrease in liver and kidney in both male and female rats when measured ... | 2002 | 11933112 |
| spice oils for the control of co-occurring mycotoxin-producing fungi. | the effect of nine different oils was evaluated on the growth of aspergillus parasiticus and fusarium moniliforme. the experimental design to examine the inhibition of mycotoxins involved the incorporation of each of seven oils into broth and patty cultures. the fungal mycotoxin was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. clove oil (eugenol) was the most inhibitory to the growth of a. parasiticus and f. moniliforme, followed by cinnamon (cinnamic aldehyde), oregano (thymol and carvaco ... | 2002 | 11952220 |
| toxicity of biorational insecticides: activity against the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer). | the relationship between dose for each of four biorational insecticides (pyrethrins, neem extract, capsiacin extract, insecticidal soap) and mortality of the green peach aphid (myzus persicae) was determined using a laboratory bioassay. these insecticides were toxic to aphids and paired mixtures of the insecticides provided synergistic activity as measured by aphid mortality under the laboratory bioassay conditions. capsiacin extracts were found to provide low levels of mortality alone but acted ... | 2002 | 11975171 |
| the effects of phytochemical pesticides on the growth of cultured invertebrate and vertebrate cells. | a range of cultured cells of invertebrate and vertebrate origin was grown in the presence of a number of phytochemical pesticides to test the effect of the latter on cell proliferation. the main observation was that azadirachtin was a potent inhibitor of insect cell replication, with an ec50 of 1.5 x 10(10) m against spodoptera cells and of 6.3 x 10(9) m against aedes albopictus cells, whilst affecting mammalian cells only at high concentrations (> 10(-4) m). as expected, the other phytochemical ... | 2002 | 11975173 |
| effect of surfactants on persistence of azadirachtin-a (neem based pesticide). | photostability of azadirachtin-a, a neem based pesticide, was studied in the presence of non-ionic surfactants. surfactants such as span-80, atlox 3400b, tween-80, agrimul 52b, and agrimul n4s enhanced the rate of photodegradation of azadirachtin-a, whereas surfactants such as triton-x, emulsol cfa, tween-20, emulsol mas, and emulsol-n-33 decreased the rate of degradation. emulsol-n-33 was found to be the most effective surfactant, as half life of azadirachin-a in the presence of emulsol-n-33 wa ... | 2002 | 11990361 |
| in vitro acaricidal effect of plant extract of neem seed oil (azadirachta indica) on egg, immature, and adult stages of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (ixodoidea: ixodidae). | effects of the plant extract of neem seed (azadirachta indica) on eggs, immature, and adult stages of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum was studied at concentrations of 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8%. the extract was found to have a significant effect on the hatching rate of eggs. it significantly increased the hatching rate during the first 7 days post-treatment (dpt) giving incompletely developed and dead larvae; however, it cause hatching failure at dpt 15. neem azal f induced a significant increased i ... | 2002 | 11992715 |
| in vitro evaluation on inhibitory nature of some neem formulations against plant pathogenic fungi. | different neem formulations derived from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have been found to be potential fungicides against a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. some neem formulations viz. achook (0.15% ec), bioneem (0.03% ec), nimbecidine (0.03% ec) and neemark (0.03% ec) were examined against some plant pathogenic fungi such as (fusarium oxysporum, alternaria solani, curvularia lunata, helminthosporium sp. and sclerotium rolfsii). among these achook (0.15% ec) was found to be more ac ... | 1999 | 12024976 |
| evaluation of cc2 as a decontaminant in various hydrophilic and lipophilic formulations against sulphur mustard. | to evaluate cc2 (n, n'-dichloro-bis [2, 4, 6-trichlorophenyl] urea) in various hydrophilic and lipophilic formulations as a personnel decontaminant for sulphur mustard (sm). | 2002 | 12046545 |
| studies on the use of neem products for removal of ammonia from brackishwater. | laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the ammonia removal from brackishwater (salinity 16 +/- 1 ppt) using natural plant products such as seed powder and seed oil from neem (azadirachta indica) and commercially available neem products-neemazal and neemgold. the experimental results showed that ammonia removal was effective with 90 mg/l of neem oil, whereas, neem seed powder at 90 mg/l registered an increase in ammonia levels throughout the course of the experiment. neem oil, nee ... | 2002 | 12049123 |
| field evaluation of three plant-based insect repellents against malaria vectors in vaca diez province, the bolivian amazon. | the efficacy of repellents against anopheles darlingi, the main malaria vector in bolivia, was evaluated. this mosquito has a peak in biting activity early in the evening. three natural repellents (1 eucalyptus based, 1 neem based, and 1 containing several repellent essential oils) were tested in comparison with 15% deet in human landing catches in bolivia. the eucalyptus-based repellent containing 30% p-menthane-diol applied at a dose similar to those used in practice gave 96.89% protection for ... | 2002 | 12083351 |
| effects of neem leaf extract on production of aflatoxins and activities of fatty acid synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutathione s-transferase in aspergillus parasiticus. | the relationship between the activities of 3 cytosolic enzymes with aflatoxin biosynthesis in aspergillus parasiticus cultured under different conditions has been investigated in order to find out the role of each enzyme in aflatoxin biosynthesis. basically the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) was higher in non-toxigenic strains as compared to its counterpart toxigenic fungi (p < 0.05). in contrast, the activities of fatty acid synthase (fas) as well as glutathione s-transferase (gst) ... | 2002 | 12086104 |
| decolorization of synthetic textile dyes by lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | neem hull waste (containing a high amount of lignin and other phenolic compounds) was used for lignin peroxidase production by phanerochaete chrysosporum under solid-state fermentation conditions. maximum decolorization achieved by partially purified lignin peroxidase was 80% for porocion brilliant blue hgr, 83 for ranocid fast blue, 70 for acid red 119 and 61 for navidol fast black msrl. the effects of different concentrations of veratryl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, enzyme and dye on the effici ... | 2002 | 12094739 |
| ritual hot baths (wankan-jego) in zaria, nigeria. | among the hausa-fulani women of zaria, nigeria, "cold" or "sanyi" is thought to be a common cause of illnesses, and especially edema (swelling) during pregnancy. the traditional treatment for these illnesses is a hot bath. the new mother or mother-to-be sleeps in an overheated room and must take baths in very hot water, called "wankan- jego," to keep out the cold. the birth attendant uses a bundle of leafy twigs from tamarind or neem trees to splash hot water over the women's body. this spla ... | 1990 | 12157981 |
| in vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of albizia gummifera, aspilia mossambicensis, melia azedarach and azadirachta indica against plasmodium falciparum. | since chemotherapy is presently the primary strategy of malaria control in the world, and some malaria parasites are developing resistance to the commonly used antimalarial drugs, new antimalarial compounds are required. therefore, it is important to test antimalarial activities of medicinal plant extracts which most herbalists claim to cure malaria. we evaluated the antimalarial activities of extracts of albizia gummiffera, aspilia mossambicensis, melia azedar and azadirahchta indica against la ... | 1995 | 12160442 |
| antimutagenicity of some edible thai plants, and a bioactive carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, isolated from micromelum minutum. | the antimutagenic activity against trp-p-1 of methanolic extracts of 118 samples (108 species) of edible thai plants was examined by the ames test. the activity was evaluated by the amount of plant extracts which suppressed 90% of the mutagenesis (ed90). five plants, micromelum minutum, oroxylum indicum, cuscuta chinensis, azadirachta indica, and litsea petiolata, exhibited significant activity with antimutagenic ed90 values lower than 5 microl/plate (0.1 mg of dry plant material equivalent). th ... | 2002 | 12166962 |
| traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. | ethnobotanical survey in 2 communities in western kenya revealed that the most commonly known repellent plants were ocimum americanum l. (64.1%), lantana camara l. (17.9%), tagetes minuta l. (11.3%) and azadirachta indica a. juss (8.7%) on rusinga island, and hyptis suaveolens poit. (49.2%), l. camara (30.9%) and o. basilicum l. (30.4%) in rambira. direct burning of plants is the most common method of application for o. americanum (68.8%), l. camara (100%) and o. basilicum (58.8%). placing branc ... | 2002 | 12174767 |
| immuno-contraception undergoing promising trials. | immuno-contraception instructs the body to recognize a self-molecule as foreign, so that the body attacks the molecule, thereby effecting contraception. when researchers in india were developing a contraceptive vaccine, they considered 3 things: the targeted molecule should be crucial for reproduction, it should be transient in nature, and the antibodies against this molecule should not cross-react with other molecules in the body. they have developed a vaccine using beta-human chorionic gonado ... | 1994 | 12179186 |
| current status of plant products reported to inhibit sperm. | this report reviews research on plant-derived agents that prevent sperm production if taken orally by the male or that incapacitate or kill sperm on contact if used vaginally by the female. it would be of great value to develop fertility inhibitors that are totally selective for reproductive systems and enzymes, and there is a possibility that a plant-derived drug may have this effect. plants that have been studied for their fertility inhibiting effects in the male include: aristolochia indica l ... | 1982 | 12179631 |
| three new tetranortriterpenoids from neem seed oil. | three new tetranortriterpenoids, 1alpha,2alpha-epoxy-17beta-hydroxyazadiradione (1), 1alpha,2alpha-epoxynimolicinol (2), and 7-deacetylnimolicinol (3), have been isolated from a methanol extract of neem oil (azadirachta indica, seed oil) along with the known compounds epoxyazadiradione, 17beta-hydroxyazadiradione, gedunin, nimbin, and nimolicinol (4). spectral studies and chemical transformations were used to establish the structure of compounds 1-3. the characterization of the epoxides 1 and 2 ... | 2002 | 12193026 |
| two new triterpenoids from azadirachta indica and their insecticidal activity. | two new triterpenoids, 22,23-dihydronimocinol (1) and desfurano-6alpha-hydroxyazadiradione (2), were isolated from a methanolic extract of the fresh leaves of azadirachta indica (neem) along with a known meliacin, 7alpha-senecioyl-(7-deacetyl)-23-o-methylnimocinolide. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated through spectral and chemical studies. compounds 1 and 2 showed mortality for fourth instar larvae of the mosquito (anopheles stephensi), with lc(50) values of 60 and 43 ppm, respectively. | 2002 | 12193038 |
| relative efficacy of depa and neem oil for repellent activity against phlebotomus papatasi, the vector of leishmaniasis. | the insect repellent n, n-diethylphenyl acetamide (depa) was compared with neem oil, a commercial preparation, for protection against 3 day old un-fed female of the sandfly, phlebotomus papatasi, (diptera: psychodidae) under laboratory conditions on mouse. the percentage protection against sandfly bite provided by neem oil was significantly higher than depa when applied at 1% and 2% concentrations (p = 0.000, t = 21.474; df = 6 and p = 0.001, t = 5.960; df = 6 respectively). however, neem oil di ... | 2001 | 12206037 |
| effect of neem seed extract on feeding, growth, survival, and reproduction of diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | a commercially available neem seed extract, neemix 4.5, containing 4.5% azadirachtin (aza), was assessed for biological activity against the root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus (l.), an important exotic insect pest of florida citrus. laboratory bioassays against neonatal and 3-wk-old larvae fed sliced carrot treated with neemix produced dose-dependent larval mortality and reduced fresh weights among survivors of treatments. the weight response was greater than the mortality response for both larva ... | 2002 | 12216804 |
| india's vaccine inventor: gursaran talwar. | dr gursaran talwar, 68, has worked for almost 20 years to find a safe, long-lasting, and reversible contraceptive vaccine. the director of india's national institute of immunology began his research in the mid 1970s with financial support from the indian government and idrc. toxicology studies were conducted for 10 years. the vaccine increases production of antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), a hormone which assists in preparing the uterus for embryo implantation. the vacc ... | 1995 | 12288547 |
| progress in male contraceptive research. | 80% of the world's contraceptive users are women. this gender-based usage has occurred due to the emphasis of family planning programs and contraception research on female methods. even if men desired to take responsibility for contraception, only the condom and vasectomy are available and have a reasonable assurance of protection. the population council has been researching male contraception through its center for biomedical research. an oral contraceptive derived from gossypol, a cottonseed p ... | 1995 | 12288916 |