Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| frequencies of opportunistic diseases prior to death among hiv-infected persons. community programs for clinical research on aids. | to describe the complete history of major opportunistic events experienced by 1883 hiv-infected persons prior to and specifically within 6 months of death, and to determine whether the frequency of specific events varies according to demographic characteristics, risk behaviors or geographic location. | 1995 | 8519450 |
| isolation of atypical mycobacteria from tap water in hospitals and homes: is this a possible source of disseminated mac infection in aids patients? | infections caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (mott), especially mycobacterium avium complex (mac), are common in aids patients, but rare in immunocompetent persons. the route of transmission is unknown, but tap water could provide a possible source of infection: mac was isolated from tap water in the u.s.a. but this has not been reported in germany. we therefore investigated tap water in berlin for the presence of mycobacteria and compared radiometric (bactec) and standard plate cul ... | 1995 | 8522830 |
| adverse events associated with high-dose rifabutin in macrolide-containing regimens for the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | we initiated a multidrug trial that included high-dose rifabutin for the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. twenty-six patients received rifabutin (600 mg/d) in combination with ethambutol, streptomycin, and either clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.; 15 patients) or azithromycin (600 mg/d; 11 patients). rifabutin-related adverse events occurred in 77% of patients. fifty-eight percent of patients required a dosage adjustment or discontinuance of rifabutin therapy. the mo ... | 1995 | 8527549 |
| acquired resistance in mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from aids patients and beige mice during treatment with clarithromycin. | clarithromycin has been reported to select clarithromycin resistant mutants of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) during treatment with clarithromycin in aids patients and beige mice. we selected resistant mutants in vitro at a frequency of 5 x 10(-9). clarithromycin resistant strains of mac isolated in aids patients and beige mice as well as derivatives selected in vitro had a unique pattern of acquired cross-resistance to macrolides and related antibiotics. in contrast, the pattern of resistanc ... | 1995 | 8537260 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids: immunopathogenic significance of an activated tumor necrosis factor system and depressed serum levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin d. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in patients with aids. because both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25d) may be involved in the normal control of mac infection, these parameters were studied in aids patients with disseminated mac infection. of 53 aids patients studied, 24 had no clinical events, 11 had disseminated mac infection, and 18 had other clinical events. patients with ... | 1996 | 8537672 |
| mycobacterium avium complex sputum isolates from patients with respiratory symptoms in guinea-bissau. | in total, 814 patients with clinically suspected tuberculosis were examined at the raoul follerau hospital in bissau, guinea-bissau. sputum samples were collected, and cultures were grown on löwenstein-jensen medium. isolates were further characterized by standard biochemical methods and nucleic acid probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). serum samples were collected and analyzed for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2. of 17 ... | 1996 | 8537673 |
| preventing disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is an important late-stage complication of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. since mac is widely dispersed in the environment, the source of infection for patients with disseminated mac generally cannot be determined. therefore, specific recommendations for avoiding exposure are not supported at this time. routine screening of stools and sputum to detect mac colonization as a means of targeting prophylaxis for disseminated d ... | 1995 | 8547516 |
| [mechanism of bacterial regrowth at the sites of infection in mycobacterium avium complex-infected mice during treatment with chemotherapeutic agents]. | although various antimicrobial drugs show appreciable bactericidal activity in the early phase (2 to 4 weeks after infection) of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections in mice, no drug, as far as we know, can continue to exert the growth inhibiting activity against the bacteria at the site of infection in the progressed stage. here, we studied the mechanisms of the bacterial regrowth which usually starts around 2-4 weeks after infection. first, the changes in the level of tnf-alpha, ifn-ga ... | 1995 | 8551714 |
| liver biopsy findings in 501 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are at risk for a variety of liver diseases. we undertook a retrospective study of 501 hiv-seropositive patients to assess the yield of percutaneous liver biopsy. the most common indications for liver biopsy were liver test abnormalities (89.5%), fever for 2 weeks (71.9%), and hepatomegaly (52.0%). the most common biopsy-derived diagnosis was mycobacterium avium complex (mac), seen in 87 (17.4%) biopsies. mycobacterium tuberculosis was fo ... | 1996 | 8556399 |
| rifabutin-associated uveitis. | to review rifabutin-associated uveitis and discuss the mechanism and potential role of drug interactions with clarithromycin and fluconazole in contributing to this adverse event. | 1995 | 8573961 |
| altered in vitro handling of mycobacterium avium complex by monocytes and serum from hiv(+) patients. | in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), mycobacterial diseases are leading opportunistic infections. the reasons for the peculiar propensity for disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) remain unclear. we have previously examined, in detail, the ability of monocytes from healthy donors to take up and kill mac under both nonopsonic and opsonic conditions. we have now evaluated the in vitro ability of peripheral blood monocytes from hiv(+) patients to take ... | 1995 | 8575843 |
| the endoscopic appearance of severe intestinal mycobacterium avium complex infection as a coarsely granular mucosa due to massive infiltration and expansion of intestinal villi without mucosal exudation. | although mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic pathogen at postmortem in patients with aids, many cases are not recognized premortem. a patient with advanced aids had diarrhea, fecal occult blood, and iron deficiency anemia. esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an extensive coarsely granular mucosa, resistant to endoscopic irrigation and brushing, in the descending duodenum. histologic analysis of duodenal biopsies confirmed expansion of intestinal villi due to massive ... | 1995 | 8583111 |
| efficacy of azithromycin and rifabutin in preventing infection by mycobacterium avium complex in beige mice. | we investigated the potential of the azalide, azithromycin, and rifabutin in preventing disseminated infection due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in beige mice. azithromycin 200 mg/kg, rifabutin (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) were administered by gavage 6 days before mice were challenged orally with 10(8) cfu mac and daily for 10 days thereafter during which time the mice were again challenged with the same inoculum on alternate days (days +1, +3, +5, +7, and +9). sixty-four days later, the presen ... | 1995 | 8591938 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex: correlation between blood and tissue burden. | to determine the relationship between levels of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in blood and tissues, histopathologic examination and quantitative mac cultures were done on blood samples and tissue samples of 7 organs at autopsy of 10 aids patients who had been treated for mac bacteremia. blood and tissue cultures were negative for mac for 3 of the patients and positive for 7. the numbers of mac colony-forming units in the blood and tissues were highly correlated. the highest concentrations of ... | 1996 | 8603975 |
| survival analysis of two controlled trials of rifabutin prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex in aids. | rifabutin prophylaxis has been shown to significantly decrease the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia in two randomized controlled clinical trials, but a survival benefit has not been observed. an analysis of complete follow-up of these patients through august 1992 was performed to assess subsequent survival, because although follow-up in the previous trials was limited at the time of initial analysis, the analysis did suggest that a survival benefit might be emerging. | 1995 | 8605053 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice: lack of exacerbation after lp-bm5 murine leukemia virus infection. | the murine leukemia virus lp-bm5 has been used to reproduce the model of murine aids in order to evaluate the course of infection with the mo-1 strain of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). lp-bm5 was inoculated in c57bl/6 mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection either 8 weeks before an i.v. challenge with 10(3) or 10(6) cfu of mac (coinfection 1) or 10 days after an i.v. challenge with 10(3) cfu of mac (coinfection 2). during coinfection 2 experiments, the phenotypic alterations in blood lymphocyte ... | 1996 | 8606079 |
| antimycobacterial activity of a new rifamycin derivative, 3-(4-cinnamylpiperazinyl iminomethyl) rifamycin sv (t9). | the antimycobacterial activities of a new rifampin (rif) derivative, 3-(4-cinnamylpiperazinyl iminomethyl) rifamycin sv (to), against 20 susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and 20 mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains were investigated. the radiometric mics of t9 for m. tuberculosis were significantly lower than those of rif. the mics of t9 and rif at which 90% of the rif-susceptible strains were inhibited were < or = 0.25 and < or = 0.5 micrograms/ml, r ... | 1995 | 8619589 |
| patterns of opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | the pattern of the development of opportunistic infections (ois) in hiv-infected patients was evaluated, based on a cohort of 1,530 patients enrolled in two aids clinical trials group anti-retroviral studies. we quantified the increase in risk of ois associated with the occurrence of a previous oi. this assessment was based on the observed event rates of the more common aids-defining ois: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and a system ... | 1996 | 8624759 |
| treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection: do the results of in vitro susceptibility tests predict therapeutic outcome in humans? | the ability of various in vitro methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing to predict therapeutic outcome in patients infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was evaluated. pretreatment bloodstream mac isolates from 38 patients with aids, previously treated in a randomized fashion with either ethambutol, rifampin, or clofazimine, were tested by three conventional methods using broth or agar, as well as by cocultivation with macrophages. the results obtained with each method were compar ... | 1996 | 8627032 |
| comparison of the e test and a proportion dilution method for susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex. | the newly developed e test was compared with an extended 1% proportion dilution method for determining the susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains to amikacin, streptomycin, fusidic acid, rifampicin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin. for all antibiotics tested except clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin, no more than one strain gave a different susceptibility result with the two methods. the discrepant results occurred near the chosen breakpoint concentrati ... | 1996 | 8636943 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex pneumonia in a non-hiv-infected individual: an increasingly recognized disease. | in the past, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was considered a colonizing microbe in the immunocompetent host. today it should be considered a potential pathogen. we present a case of mac necrotizing pneumonia in a 27-year-old man who tested negatively for the human immunodeficiency virus, had no typical granulomas, and responded rapidly to antimicrobial therapy. | 1996 | 8638183 |
| susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex in clinical laboratories. results of a questionnaire and proficiency test performance by participants in the college of american pathologists mycobacteriology e survey. | to obtain information regarding the frequency and methodology of susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in clinical microbiology laboratories, and to assess interlaboratory reproducibility of mac susceptibility testing. | 1996 | 8639045 |
| multiple serovars of mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was isolated and serotyped from 127 samples from 43 hiv-infected patients with disseminated disease in sweden. thirteen different serovars were observed. serovar 6 was the most common, followed by 4, 9 and 11. serovar 8 was rare. in 22 of the patients the same serovar was found in blood and at other sites. clinical symptoms and outcome were compared in patients with different serovars. analysis of patient records revealed no association between clinical picture ... | 1996 | 8645472 |
| azithromycin in the prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in aids. | prevention of opportunistic infections contributes to improved quality of life and survival in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). agents which are more effective and convenient, less costly, and better tolerated are needed for multiple organism primary prophylaxis. azithromycin, azalide with high and prolonged intracellular levels, promise to provide to protection against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in those with advanced aids when given weekly. a large tra ... | 1996 | 8652726 |
| extensive vascular calcification in a patient with perinatally acquired aids. | extensive vascular calcification in an 8-year-old girl with perinatally acquired aids is reported. complicating factors included cardiomyopathy, chronic lung disease, disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac), and wasting syndrome with total nutrition dependence. plain abdominal films and ct of the abdomen immediately prior to her death revealed dense calcification of major vessels. autopsy revealed calcification in the media of most major vessels typical of hiv arteriopathy. a review of th ... | 1996 | 8657470 |
| increased lung cell cytotoxic but not bactericidal or phagocytic activity in mycobacterium avium complex-infected mice. | following intranasal infection of mice with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms, bacterial growth plateaued at the fourth week postinfection and then remained relatively constant thereafter. inflammatory cell numbers in the lungs increased 10-fold by 4 weeks postinfection, and lung cell cytotoxicity and the production of no, h202, and 02- by lung cell cultures had all increased significantly by this time and remained elevated throughout the 15-week experimental study. although these para ... | 1996 | 8660836 |
| costs of hiv+/aids at cd4+ counts disease stages based on treatment protocols. | we report treatment protocols for hiv+/aids patients by cd4+ counts (t-lymphocyte cells/mm3: > or = 500, 499-200, 199-50, and < 50) as a tool to provide better definition and to project annual costs (total charges for services) and lifetimes costs for hiv+/aids. the treatment protocols, derived from the literature and an hiv+/aids physician panel, defined the resource use associated with antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic disease prophylaxis and treatment. resource use costs were derived f ... | 1996 | 8673552 |
| the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in combination with interferon-gamma or interleukin-1 in the induction of immunosuppressive macrophages because of mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the role of some cytokines including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (il-1 alpha), interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) and interleukin-6 (il-6) in the generation of immunosuppressive macrophages (m phi s) in host spleen cells of mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-infected mice was studied. m phi populations with potent suppressor activity against concanavalin a (con a)-induced mitogenesis of splenocytes (spcs) were elicited not on ... | 1996 | 8707352 |
| rifabutin versus placebo in combination with three drugs in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with aids. | the aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week study was to assess the efficacy of rifabutin (450 or 600 mg/d) in the treatment of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with aids. companion drugs in both arms of the study were ethambutol, clofazimine, and isoniazid. because of low accrual, the study was prematurely terminated when a total of 382 patients had been enrolled, of which 200 were eligible (i.e., their specimens were culture-positive for ... | 1996 | 8729209 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from aids patients and the criteria required for its implication in disease. | before the aids pandemia, the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was responsible in most cases for the pneumopathies that attack patients with basic chronic pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. in 1981, with the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), mac started to represent one of the most frequent bacterial diseases among aids patients, with the disseminated form of the disease being the major clinical manifestation of the infection. between january 198 ... | 1995 | 8729746 |
| evaluation of the etest for rapid susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium to clarithromycin. | mics of clarithromycin were determined by the etest method for thirty clinical strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and compared with mics results as determined by the reference agar dilution method. agreement (within +/- 1 log2 dilution) between the etest and the reference method was 70% for susceptible strains and 100% for resistant strains. no major errors resulting in misclassification in susceptibility or resistance categories were detected for the etest mic method. it is suggested ... | 1996 | 8737150 |
| genetic diversity among mycobacterium avium complex accuprobe-positive isolates. | the partial 32-kda-protein gene sequences of 22 mycobacterium avium complex (mac) clinical isolates that were positive by the accuprobe mac probe only (not by the m. avium or m. intracellulare probe) were determined. the obtained nucleotide sequences were compared with the published sequences for m. tuberculosis, m. avium, and m. intracellulare by a sequence analysis program. there was a wide range of genetic diversity among the strains studied. most of them (16 of 22) had sequences similar but ... | 1996 | 8748272 |
| pattern of utilization of rifabutin for prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium complex among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in a community setting. | to characterize the pattern of utilization, effectiveness, and safety profile of rifabutin for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prophylaxis among individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in a community setting. | 1996 | 8758106 |
| clarithromycin prophylaxis against cryptosporidium enteritis in patients with aids. | cryptosporidium enteritis (ce) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) can be a life-threatening opportunistic infection. a retrospective review of 471 charts of patients with aids in our clinic, prior to the availability of clarithromycin for the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), revealed that seven patients with cd4 counts < 25/mm3 developed ce. the median survival period from diagnosis to death in these patients was 10.6 days. the incidence of ce in patients w ... | 1996 | 8764523 |
| interleukin-7 induces anti-mycobacterium avium activity in human monocyte-derived macrophages. | to examine the modulatory role of interleukin (il)-7 on intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), human macrophages were treated either before or after mac infection with different concentrations of il-7. at 100 pg/ml, 1 ng/ml, and 10 ng/ml, treatment with il-7 before infection stimulated secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) from mac-infected macrophages (increase up to 40%) and resulted in dose-dependent reduction in the number of intracellular bacteria. pretrea ... | 1996 | 8769616 |
| species distribution in human immunodeficiency virus-related mycobacterial infections: implications for selection of initial treatment. | management of mycobacterial infection is species specific; however, treatment is prompted by positive smears or cultures, often several weeks before species identification. the objective of this study was to determine the species distribution of mycobacterial isolates from various body sites in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). all mycobacterial isolates recovered at st. paul's hospital (vancouver, british columbia, canada) from april 1989 to march 1993 were reviewed. am ... | 1996 | 8783698 |
| rifabutin prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with aids. | rifabutin, a macrophage-penetrating lipophilic rifamycin, has a long half-life and activity in vitro against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). preliminary studies of patients with aids and those with aids-related complex defined dose-limiting toxic effects (arthralgia/arthritis and uveitis) and suggested that rifabutin alone might reduce the incidence of mac infections. two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving 1,100 subjects confirmed the safety and efficacy of low dose ... | 1996 | 8785252 |
| antimicrobial activity of rifabutin. | rifabutin is a spiro-piperidyl-rifamycin derived from rifamycin-s. it is structurally related to rifampin and shares many of its properties. rifabutin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. it is considerably more active than rifampin in vitro against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and mycobacterium leprae. it also is active against most atypical mycobacteria, including mycobacterium kansasii, but mycobacterium chelonae is relatively resistant. rifabu ... | 1996 | 8785253 |
| rifabutin in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection: experience in europe. | several european clinical trials of rifabutin alone or in multidrug regimens for treatment of infections due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids are discussed. a prospective open study in france assessed 50 patients treated with the combination rifabutin/ isoniazid/ethambutol/clofazimine. treatment was well tolerated, and the rate of conversion of cultures (from positive to negative) was 70% at 6 months. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial (th ... | 1996 | 8785254 |
| rifabutin therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | although numerous antimicrobial agents have been used to treat disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, the optimal therapy for this disease is unknown. one potentially effective agent is rifabutin, which has demonstrated activity against mac both in vitro and in animal models of infection. in clinical trials, cultures of blood from 46% to 92% of patients become sterile after therapy with rifabutin combined with ethambutol, clofazimine, or amikacin. moreover, the efficacy of eth ... | 1996 | 8785255 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection, rifabutin, and uveitis--is there a connection? | rifabutin, an antimycobacterial agent, has been recommended by the u.s. public health service as prophylaxis against infection due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids. when rifabutin is administered as prophylaxis, uveitis has been reported only rarely. however, uveitis has been reported in two studies in which rifabutin was administered at higher doses in combination with an azole, a macrolide, or both for treatment of disseminated mac infection. the uveitis that has been ... | 1996 | 8785256 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids: clinical features, treatment, and prevention. | infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) may cause a serious disseminated bacterial infection in up to 40% of patients with advanced hiv infection. disseminated mac has a negative impact on quality of life and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment can diminish those effects. disseminated disease can be prevented in many patients with the use of rifabutin prophylaxis. nurses play an important role in evaluating symptoms and educati ... | 1995 | 8785415 |
| [value of the stool bacteriological test in mycobacterium avium complex infections in aids]. | incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has increased in hiv infected patients. we report a retrospective study of 25 cases of mac infection occurring in hiv patients. stools examination was performed in 5 (31%) of the patients without digestive symptoms and in the 9 (100%) patients presenting with diarrhoea. the stools culture are positive in 79% of cases (11/14). in all the patients with diarrhoea, direct examination of the stools gave the diagnosis of mac infection. all the p ... | 1995 | 8787291 |
| impact of mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis on the incidence of mycobacterial infections and transfusion-requiring anemia in an hiv-positive population. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is common in persons with advanced hiv infection and can be prevented by prophylactic use of rifabutin; however, routine prophylaxis is costly and incompletely effective. chronic anemia is a common manifestation of mac infection. we conducted a retrospective population study of the annual incidence of mac bacteremia and blood transfusion for anemia in a regional hiv-positive population before and after the introduction of rifabutin to dete ... | 1996 | 8797683 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex. review of ga-67 and ti-201 scans and autopsy findings. | a retrospective analysis of the files and ga-67 scan findings of 32 aids patients with established diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was conducted in order to determine the sensitivity of ga-67 scans for the diagnosis of this disease and the sites of mac organ involvement. fourteen of the 32 patients had early and delayed ti-201 scans that were also reviewed. autopsy findings of aids patients in the 5 years (january 1990 to december 1994) were reviewed to determine the ... | 1996 | 8818469 |
| therapeutic options for the management and prevention of mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | atypical mycobacteria that cause disseminated disease result in significant morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency viral infection. although significant progress has been made with respect to our understanding of the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), treatment and prevention strategies are still emerging. a series of case-controlled studi ... | 1996 | 8820462 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. | to review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections other than mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | 1996 | 8826567 |
| how effective is krm-1648 in treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice? | although the mics of 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin, or krm-1648 (krm), for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were significantly lower than those of other drugs, its in vivo activity was very weak. beginning 28 days after inoculation, beige mice that had been infected intravenously with 1.87 x 10(7) cfu of mac 101 were administered krm alone, clarithromycin (clari) alone, or clari plus krm six times weekly for 16 weeks. in contrast to the mice treated with clari-con ... | 1996 | 8834894 |
| causes of fever in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus who were admitted to boston city hospital. | we prospectively studied causes of fever in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection that required admission to a municipal hospital. a total of 168 hiv-infected persons were admitted for 220 episodes of fever: 72% were male, 80% were nonwhite, 65% reported prior injection drug use, and 74% had a baseline cd4 lymphocyte count of < 200/mm3. bacterial infections, principally pneumonia, accounted for > 60% of the episodes; streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus were mo ... | 1996 | 8842271 |
| induction of prostaglandin e2 by human monocytes infected with mycobacterium avium complex--modulation of cytokine expression. | prostanoids, including prostaglandin e2 (pge2), suppress macrophage effector functions against mycobacterium tuberculosis. pge2 production by monocytes infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and its effects on intracellular mycobacterial growth were examined. freshly obtained monocytes from healthy subjects were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or 10(7) organisms/ml of 4 mac strains. pge2 production in monocyte supernatants peaked at 48 h. significantly higher levels of pge2 were prod ... | 1996 | 8843220 |
| pathobiological significance of colony morphology in mycobacterium avium complex. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains are known to exhibit variation in colony morphology. in addition to the smooth transparent (st), smooth opaque (so) and rough opaque (ro), which are the most common morphological forms, intermediate (im) and pin point (pp) forms were also occasionally observed. in order to understand the pathobiological significance of these different colony forms, we investigated their virulence in beige mice, ability to bind to plastic and epithelial cells, differences ... | 1996 | 8844653 |
| fatal mycobacterium avium complex disease in a patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. | the objective of this article was to present the diagnosis of a fatal infection by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia, a disease rarely reported in non-hiv infected children. | 1996 | 8846144 |
| activities of bay y 3118, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin alone or in combination with ethambutol against mycobacterium avium complex in vitro, in human macrophages, and in beige mice. | levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and bay y 3118 are new fluoroquinolones with variable in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the potential therapeutic activities of these agents both alone and combined with ethambutol were evaluated in a human macrophage test system and in the beige mouse animal test system with mac strain 101. bay y 3118 at a human-equivalent dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks caused a significant reduction in mortality compare ... | 1996 | 8851568 |
| in vitro activities of rifabutin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, ethambutol, and amikacin in combinations of two, three, and four drugs against mycobacterium avium. | multidrug therapy is recommended for treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia in patients with aids. azithromycin, clarithromycin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, clofazimine, and amikacin have all been suggested for use in treating mac bacteremia, but the most active combinations of these drugs have not been identified, nor has the minimum number of drugs needed for effective therapy been determined. to address the former, the in vitro bactericidal activities of all two-, ... | 1996 | 8851604 |
| skin testing with mycobacterium avium sensitin to identify infection with m. avium complex in patients with cystic fibrosis. | we sought to determine if patients with cystic fibrosis and sputum cultures positive for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) have delayed-type hypersensitivity to an m. avium sensitin. seventeen (33%) of 51 selected patients had mac isolated from at least one sputum culture. skin tests with purified protein derivative and m. avium sensitin demonstrated that five (10%) of 51 patients were anergic, and anergy was correlated with use of systemic steroids. sixteen (35%) of 46 nonanergic patients had m ... | 1996 | 8852979 |
| the international epidemiology of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids. international mac study group. | to determine rates of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection among aids patients in developed and developing countries, and to determine whether different rates reflect differences in exposure or immunity, or both. | 1996 | 8853737 |
| comparison of mycobacteria growth indicator tube with bactec 460 for detection and recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. | we compared the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (mgit) system with the bactec 460 (b460) and lowenstein jensen (lj) systems for the recovery of mycobacteria (acid-fast bacteria [afb]) from 1,441 clinical specimens. excluding 13 isolates of mycobacterium gordonae, 178 significant afb isolates were recovered from 113 patients. isolates (119) of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) accounted for 67% of all isolates, while isolates (30) of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) accounted f ... | 1996 | 8862591 |
| macrophage release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by mycobacterium avium antigens. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is the most common disseminated opportunistic infection encountered in patients with aids. we have studied the ability of specific mycobacterium avium (ma) antigen to stimulate human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). mdm stimulated with ma sonicate, ma 68 kda and ma 48-52 kda antigens were found to produce tnf-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis ... | 1996 | 8871113 |
| pharmacokinetic evaluation of thiacetazone. | to investigate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of thiacetazone (tb-1), which is active in vitro against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | 1996 | 8888068 |
| new trends in the drug therapy of localized and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | recent advances in the drug therapy of localized and disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are reviewed. mac infection is the most commonly reported bacterial infection in patients with aids, and the frequency of this infection in patients negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is increasing. the main portals of entry for mac are the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. localized mac infection is more common in hiv-negative than hiv-infected patients. the ... | 1996 | 8913387 |
| enhanced in vitro activity of wr99210 in combination with dapsone against mycobacterium avium complex. | wr99210, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, has promising in vitro activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the in vitro activities of wr99210 alone and in combination with a fixed concentration of dapsone (0.5 microgram/ml) were evaluated against 35 clinical mac isolates by a broth dilution method. the mic at which 50% of isolates were inhibited (mic50) and mic90 of wr99210 alone were 2 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. the mic50 and mic90 of wr99210 in combination with dapsone we ... | 1996 | 8913480 |
| localized cutaneous infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex in an aids patient. | although infection due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) has long been recognized, it was not until the current aids epidemic that isolation of these mycobacteria became common in microbiology laboratories. the disseminated form of the disease is the commonest type. localized disease as the first manifestation of mac infection is a rare finding among these patients. herein we report a case of localized cutaneous infection due to mac in an aids patient. | 1996 | 8914369 |
| [the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases in hiroshima prefecture]. | the patients of diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) newly diagnosed in 1993 in hiroshima prefecture were investigated retrospectively. during 1993, 59 newly diagnosed patients of ntm disease, who were the resident of hiroshima prefecture were reported from 6 hospitals. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease was most frequent (53 patients, 90%) and m. kansaii (mk) disease, which accounts for more than 20 percent of all the ntm diseases in the national survey of japan, was foun ... | 1996 | 8914386 |
| azithromycin activity against mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in patients who were not infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we initiated a prospective trial of an azithromycin-containing regimen for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease; the initial 4 months of therapy were with azithromycin (600 mg/d) alone. the primary study endpoint was microbiological response measured at 4 and 6 months of therapy. of 29 patients enrolled in the study, 23 completed therapy. fifty-two percent of these 23 patients were male, and 65% were smokers. all 23 p ... | 1996 | 8922790 |
| intranasal infection of beige mice with mycobacterium avium complex: role of neutrophils and natural killer cells. | beige mice show increased susceptibility to intranasal infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) compared with their immunocompetent congenics, c57bl/6 mice. this increased susceptibility was clear 2 weeks postinfection, before the activation of the specific immune response. t lymphocytes from 4-week infected beige mice, cultured in vitro, produced amounts of gamma interferon similar to those found in cells from c57bl/6 mice. macrophage activation, as judged by no product ... | 1996 | 8926094 |
| immune response & modulation of immune response induced in the guinea-pigs by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) & m. fortuitum complex isolates from different sources in the south indian bcg trial area. | a total of 139 guineapigs were used to study the immune response and its modulation induced by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and m. fortuitum complex strains obtained from different sources in the south indian bcg trial area. the guineapigs were divided into groups and some were directly sensitised/immunised with different mac strains. m. fortuitum complex strain or bcg and others were sensitised with mac or m. fortuitum complex and then immunised with bcg. the resulting delayed type hyperse ... | 1996 | 8935740 |
| effect of ethambutol on emergence of clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium complex in the beige mouse model. | an animal model was developed for studying macrolide-resistant mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and to measure the effect of ethambutol on resistance. mac-infected beige mice were given clarithromycin daily; the frequency of clarithromycin-resistant mac after 8 and 12 weeks was 10(-3) and 10(-2), respectively. combined ethambutol plus clarithromycin did not increase anti-mac activity, but clarithromycin-resistant mac was less frequent (p < .05). the frequency of clarithromycin-resistant mac in ... | 1996 | 8940212 |
| liposomal amikacin: improved treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection in the beige mouse model. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has reached epidemic proportions and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in aids patients. we have developed a liposomal preparation of amikacin, vs107, which incorporates the drug in 54-65 nm diameter unilameller phospholipid vesicles and is stable at 4 degrees c for more than 4 months. vs107 exhibits superior microbiological and pharmacological activity over the free amikacin and improves the survival of mice in the established m ... | 1996 | 8961051 |
| clinical evaluation of difco esp culture system ii for growth and detection of mycobacteria. | the reliability of the esp culture system ii (esp ii; difco laboratories, detroit, mich.), a continuously monitoring mycobacterial culture system, was evaluated by comparing its performance with the bactec tb 460 (bactec tb) and middlebrook 7h11/7h11 selective agar systems. a total of 2,283 specimens of all types (70.7% were respiratory specimens) were cultured; 149 (6.5%) yielded mycobacteria. the most common species recovered were mycobacterium avium complex (mac, 73 isolates) and mycobacteriu ... | 1997 | 8968892 |
| association between hiv distal symmetric polyneuropathy and mycobacterium avium complex infection. | pronounced infiltration of activated macrophages occurs in the peripheral nerves of patients with hiv distal symmetric polyneuropathy (dspn). mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common facultative intracellular parasite of the macrophage in advanced hiv disease and may induce macrophage activation. whether mac disease is associated with dspn was examined prospectively. | 1996 | 8971109 |
| isolation and characterization of a 70 kda protein from mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an intracellular pathogen which causes disseminated bacterial infection in immunocompromised individuals. this organism predominantly infects macrophages. attachment of mac to macrophages is the first step prior to invasion. we have previously shown that a 70 kda protein of m. avium (ma) is one of nine monocyte-binding proteins. in the present study, we have purified this protein from sonic extracts of ma and studied some of its properties. the n-terminal seq ... | 1996 | 8971687 |
| new developments in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) disease. | until recently, therapy for most nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) disease, especially disease caused by mycobacterium avium-complex (mac), has been difficult and frustrating. the introduction of the newer macrolides (clarithromycin and azithromycin) has significantly added to the efficacy of regimens for both disseminated and pulmonary mac disease. clinical activity of these agents is lost when a mac isolate develops in-vitro resistance that is facilitated by use of the macrolides as single ag ... | 1996 | 8976583 |
| uveitis associated with rifabutin therapy: a clinical alert. | the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is increasing among patients with aids. rifabutin therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of mac infection. over the past 3 years there have been several reports of uveitis associated with rifabutin therapy. the uveitis is almost always interior, begins unilaterally and progresses to involve both eyes. there is almost always a hypopyon present, and the uveitis progresses aggressively. it responds ... | 1996 | 8979664 |
| therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine against mycobacterium avium complex in mice depends on size of initial inoculum and duration of infection. | the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal clofazimine (l-clf) against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was evaluated in the acute and chronic infection models of the beige mouse (c57bl/6j bgj bgj). the maximum tolerated dose of l-clf was inversely proportional to the infection level. l-clf showed higher antibacterial activity than free clofazimine. treatment with 25 mg of l-clf per kg of body weight (intravenously) was started at days 1, 8, 15, and 22 postinfection and was studied at three levels o ... | 1997 | 8980748 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus-inoculated macaques acquire mycobacterium avium from potable water during aids. | during the terminal stages of aids, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is the most common disseminated bacterial infection in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) experimentally inoculated with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the source of mycobacterial infection in 15 siv-inoculated rhesus macaques housed in a biolevel 3 containment facility was investigated using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction typing technique. six animal isolates had banding profiles identical to that of ... | 1997 | 8985217 |
| mycobacterial complications of hiv infection. | tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection worldwide and is caused by the only readily transmissible pathogen among persons with hiv infection. if treatment is initiated promptly and is supervised appropriately, cure, fortunately, is highly likely. isoniazid preventive therapy substantially reduces the risk of tuberculosis in persons with hiv infection. of the nontuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most frequent cause of disease; however, disseminated ... | 1996 | 9016372 |
| effects of benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648 on cytokine production at sites of mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice. | although various antimicrobial agents exhibit appreciable microbicidal activity in the early phase (weeks 2 t0 4) of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection induced in mice, progressive bacterial regrowth subsequently occurs. to clarify the reason for this pattern of changes, we studied changes in the levels of various cytokines in tissue at sites of infection (spleens and lungs) of mac-infected mice which were or were not given a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648 (krm). levels of the proinflam ... | 1997 | 9021192 |
| [mycobacterium avium infection in hiv-infected patients: epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment]. | the prevalence of infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) has increased since the outbreak of the hiv pandemic. this complex comprises two organisms: m. avium (mostly) and m. intracellulare (rarely). the source of mac infection is not known. the principal risk factors for disseminated mac infection in a patient with hiv infection are a low cd4 count and a previous opportunistic infection. the symptoms of disseminated mac infection resemble those of hiv wasting; a positive culture of nor ... | 1997 | 9036351 |
| [surgical treatment for patients with atypical mycobacteriosis]. | we have been conducting surgical therapy for patients with atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis (am) since 1965 and have reported on the outcome of this approach to treatment. we have found that chemotherapy is not adequately efficacious against type iii mycobacterium avium complex (mac), which suggests that surgical intervention may be the optimum approach for mac. among mac patients who were treated surgically at our hospital in the period between 1966 and 1994, 74 cases on whom postoperative fo ... | 1997 | 9038016 |
| [the indication of surgical management in patients with pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex]. | the surgical management of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was studied regarding the following cases: (1) we investigated whether there had been an appropriate time for surgical management of patients with mac who had not responded to medication and who died after their conditions became worse retrospectively. during the past 10 years, 49 patients diagnosed with mac died at the toneyama national hospital. 26 patients of them died of respir ... | 1997 | 9038017 |
| prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | infection due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) accounts for the most frequent aids-related opportunistic infections, but mac infection is usually not the first aids-defining event that a patient infected with hiv experiences. the incidence increases linearly over time, at a rate of 20 to 25% per year, after a patient's first aids-defining event, and the incidence increases exponentially as the cd4+ cell count approaches zero. there is evidence that mac may eventually infect most if not a ... | 1997 | 9039547 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection. pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations that may improve clinical outcomes. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an infrequent pulmonary pathogen in immunocompetent hosts. in patients with aids, mac causes disseminated infection (dmac) in up to 50% of those with cd4+ counts less than 100 cells/mm3. a significant portion of the total body burden of mac is found inside macrophages, and the distribution of organisms has implications for drug therapy. clarithromycin, azithromycin, and rifabutin all appear to enter these cells well; rifampicin (rifampin), ethambutol, ciprofl ... | 1997 | 9068928 |
| [evaluation of middle lobe syndrome: bronchial washing cultures testing positive for mycobacterium avium complex]. | from 1988 to 1995, a bronchial washing was performed on 118 cases of middle lobe syndrome at the national himeji hospital. twenty cases (16.9%) were positive for mycobacterium avium complex (mac). all cases were middle-aged (mean age 54.8), non-smoking women. fourteen cases were asymptomatic and showed only abnormal shadow on chest x-ray film, while others complained cough, sputum or hemosputum. ct examinations were done on 13 patients, and pulmonary infiltrations were found in addition to right ... | 1997 | 9071087 |
| [a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in which m. avium was isolated from bone marrow]. | a 46-year old man was admitted to a hospital because of cough and dyspnea. he was diagnosed as interstitial pneumonia and was treated with prednisolone (psl) and antibiotics. the symptoms improved temporarily but he soon developed acute respiratory failure and was transferred to our hospital. chest x-ray and ct revealed ground-glass opacities in both lung fields. he was treated with methyl psl, antibiotics, and antimycobacterial drugs but he died on the fourth hospital day. retrospectively, hema ... | 1997 | 9071089 |
| apoptosis of human monocytes/macrophages in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | tuberculosis (tb) is still a major health problem, both as a single disease entity and as a cofactor in aids. the interaction between macrophage and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is a critical step in the establishment of an early chronic infection. this study analyses the capacity of mtb to induce apoptosis in cells obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) from patients with reactive pulmonary tuberculosis and from aids patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. apoptosis was increa ... | 1997 | 9072000 |
| choosing the right macrolide antibiotic. a guide to selection. | macrolide antibiotics have proven to be valuable alternatives to penicillins and cephalosporins for the treatment of a number of infections. currently, a number of macrolides are available. when choosing a particular macrolide, the types of organisms causing the infection, the tolerability of the drug, convenience of dosing and possible drug interactions all must be taken into account. erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin are equally effective against most gram-positive organisms. howev ... | 1997 | 9074839 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic has led to greater understanding and respect for the pathogenic potential of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) has emerged as the most common systemic bacterial infection in aids, causing debilitating disseminated disease in late-stage hiv-infected patients. with the release of the macrolide antibiotics, clarithromycin and azithromycin, effective and well-tolerated therapeutic regimens for mac have been develope ... | 1997 | 9093233 |
| subspecific differentiation of mycobacterium avium complex strains by automated sequencing of a region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kilodalton heat shock protein. | to develop a strategy for rapid species assignment and strain differentiation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms, the sequence of a 360-bp region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kda heat shock protein was determined for 56 isolates, including 21 patient isolates and 35 reference strains. eleven hsp65 alleles were identified, and there was no sharing of alleles between strains classified as m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare based on serovar and species-specific dna hybridiza ... | 1997 | 9103630 |
| intrathoracic mycobacterium avium complex infection in immunocompetent children: case report and review. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a rarely recognized cause of intrathoracic infection in immunocompetent children. the incidence of this disease is unknown but is likely underestimated among children in whom mac infection is not usually considered. an increase in the number of cases of mac infection in adults has been noted since the late 1970s. the number of these cases in children with aids has also increased. there are currently no guidelines for the treatment of these children. ... | 1997 | 9114156 |
| clinical and bacteriologic impact of rifabutin prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we conducted a prospective observational study to determine the feasibility and impact of rifabutin prophylaxis (300 mg daily) for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients whose cd4 cell counts were <100/mm3. three hundred seventy-one patients (65.2% of all patients with cd4 cell counts of <100/mm3 [mean +/- sd, 30 +/- 25/mm3]) received rifabutin prophylaxis for a mean duration +/- sd of 35.5 +/- 34.2 weeks; 198 patients (mean cd4 cell count +/- sd, 51.6 +/- 32/mm3) did not receive prophyl ... | 1997 | 9114183 |
| [the distribution and the characteristics in computed tomography (ct) of the lungs in primary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection]. | we investigated the distribution and the characteristics of the lung lesions of patients with primary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections mainly by computed tomography (ct). they admitted to our hospital during the period from 1984 to 1995 and none of them had a medical history of tuberculosis or other lung diseases. the subjects consisted of fifty patients: fourteen male (average age +/- sd was 66.4 +/- 14.0 year old) and thirty six female (69.0 +/- 11.9 year old). of 50 patients 24 we ... | 1997 | 9145646 |
| clarithromycin and ethambutol with or without clofazimine for the treatment of bacteremic mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with hiv infection. | to compare the efficacy of two- and three-drug regimens for treating mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia in patients with aids. | 1997 | 9147422 |
| mycobacterium avium complex endocarditis: spurious diagnosis resulting from laboratory cross contamination. | contamination between specimens within clinical microbiology laboratories may be responsible for spurious outbreaks of mycobacterial infections. we report the case of a patient who had culture-negative endocarditis and whose cardiac tissue obtained at surgery yielded mycobacterium avium complex (mac). epidemiologic investigation suggested cross contamination probably occurred during processing of the sputum specimens of a patient with pulmonary mac disease and the cardiac samples from our patien ... | 1997 | 9154411 |
| [mycobacterium avium complex infections: the point on the treatments]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections are the most frequent opportunistic infections in aids. since progress in antiretroviral drugs enables aids patients to survive longer, these infections involve an increasing number of sick people. few controlled assays have evaluated the efficiency of several antibiotics. when used in monotherapy, clarithromycin (one gram twice a day) appeared as the most efficient drug while the effectiveness of azithromycin, clofazimine, rifampin and liposomal enca ... | 1997 | 9183925 |
| geographic and seasonal variation in mycobacterium avium bacteremia among north american patients with aids. | analysis of geographic risk was performed for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia among north american patients with aids. monthly mycobacterial blood cultures were taken from patients who were placebo recipients in a prospective evaluation of mac prophylaxis. of 571 patients, 102 (17.9%) acquired mac bacteremia during an average follow-up of 256 days. the area with the highest risk for mac was the south central region (27.9%; p < 0.02), whereas the area with the lowest risk was canada ... | 1997 | 9186148 |
| yield of computed tomography and bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease with nodules and bronchiectasis is increasing. but the usefulness of computed tomography (ct) and bronchoscopy for diagnosis and the significance of mac isolation from respiratory secretions are still unclear. for a 4-yr period, we prospectively examined the role of bronchoscopy with bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy in 26 patients who had clusters of small nodules in the periphery of the lung associated with ectatic changes of t ... | 1997 | 9196113 |
| bidirectional effects of ifn-gamma on growth of mycobacterium avium complex in murine peritoneal macrophages. | the effects of macrophage stimulation with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) before or after infection on the intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were investigated. treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages before infection with ifn-gamma (50 u/ml) for 24 h and 48 h, but not for 72 h, was associated with 41% and 52% significant mac growth inhibition, respectively. ng-monomethyl-l-arginine (nma) did not affect the preinfection antimycobacterial activity of ifn-gamma, thus indica ... | 1997 | 9198000 |
| early manifestations of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease: a prospective evaluation. | a nested case-control study was conducted in two trials of prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection to describe the specific signs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities of mac disease in aids. patients had < or =200/mm3 cd4 cells and a prior aids-defining illness. of 571 patients, 102 (17.9%) developed mac bacteremia during a mean follow-up of 256 days. among cases of mac disease, 90 were compared with 180 matched controls. patients with mac disease were more likely than con ... | 1997 | 9207358 |
| rifabutin absorption in the gut unaltered by concomitant administration of didanosine in aids patients. | didanosine (ddi) is currently used in the management of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. rifabutin (rbt) is being extensively used for prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections. due to its acid-labile characteristics, ddi must be administered with a buffer. recent reports have indicated that absorption of ketoconazole, ciprofloxacin, and dapsone, etc., in the gut is altered by concomitant ddi dosing. we have assessed whether concomitant dosing of ddi ... | 1997 | 9210686 |
| the role of advanced generation macrolides in the prophylaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections. | since the start of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic, the role of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) as an opportunistic pathogen in advanced aids patients has become more and more clear. once identified in an advanced aids patient it is possible to find evidence that the mac organism and infection is not only present in the pulmonary tree, but has also disseminated to a wide variety of body organs. treatment of mac or disseminated mac (dmac) infections has historically been ... | 1997 | 9211081 |