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assessment of heavy metals and metalloids in tissues of two frog species: rana tigrina and euphlyctis cyanophlyctis from industrial city sialkot, pakistan.in the present study, we investigated the concentrations of ni, fe, pb, cu, co, zn, cd, mn, and cr in selected body tissues (liver, stomach, kidney, heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles) of two frog species: rana tigrina and euphlyctis cyanophlyctis captured from industrial wastewater of sialkot city known worldwide for its tanning industry. the both frog species had darker appearance, distinctively different wet body weight, and snout-vent length. the results revealed that the heavy metal concent ...201525966879
predation by asian bullfrog tadpoles, hoplobatrachus tigerinus, against the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, in an aquatic environment treated with mosquitocidal nanoparticles.aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue and chikungunya. the use of synthetic insecticides to control aedes populations often leads to high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. botanical extracts have been proposed for rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles, but their impact against predators of mosquito larvae has not been well studied. we propose a single-step method for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnp) using the extract of artemisia vulgar ...201526091763
aplectana dubrajpuri sp. nov. (nematoda: cosmocercidae) in hoplobatrachus tigerinus (anura: dicroglossidae) from dubrajpur, birbhum, west bengal, india.aplectana dubrajpuri sp. nov., recovered from the rectum of indian bull frog, hoplobatrachus tigerinus, collected from dubrajpur in the birbhum district of west bengal, india, is described and illustrated. this species is characterised by absence of gubernaculum and differs from other species of aplectana which lack a gubernaculum (viz. a. akhrami, a. artigasi, a. chilensis, a. crossodactyli, a. crucifer, a. delirae, a. meridionalis, a. papillifera, a. praeputialis, a. tarija and a. vercammeni) ...201526204179
frog intestinal perfusion to evaluate drug permeability: application to p-gp and cyp3a4 substrates.to evaluate the reliability of using in situ frog intestinal perfusion technique for permeability assessment of carrier transported drugs which are also substrates for cyp enzymes. single pass intestinal perfusion (spip) studies were performed in frogs of the species rana tigrina using established method for rats with some modifications after inducing anesthesia. effective permeability coefficient (p eff) of losartan and midazolam was calculated in the presence and absence of inhibitors using th ...201526236236
differential autophagic effects triggered by five different vertebrate iridoviruses in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (mff-1) cell model.autophagy of five vertebrate iridoviruses, including one megalocytivirus (infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, isknv) and four ranaviruses (chinese giant salamander iridovirus, cgsiv; tiger frog virus, tfv; grouper iridovirus, giv; and largemouth bass virus, lmbv) were investigated in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (mff-1) cell model. the results showed marked autophagosome formation in giv- and lmbv-infected cells but not in isknv-, cgsiv- and tfv-infected mff-1 cells. str ...201626748344
caveolae restrict tiger frog virus release in hepg2 cells and caveolae-associated proteins incorporated into virus particles.caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. caveolae play important roles in the process of viruses entry into host cells, but the roles of caveolae at the late stage of virus infection were not completely understood. tiger frog virus (tfv) has been isolated from the diseased tadpoles of the frog, rana tigrina rugulosa, and causes high mortality of tiger frog tadpoles cultured in southern china. in the present study, the roles of caveolae at the late stage of tfv infection we ...201626887868
tiger frog virus orf080l protein interacts with litaf and impairs egf-induced egfr degradation.tiger frog virus (tfv) belongs to the genus ranavirus, family iridoviridae, and causes severe mortality in commercial cultures in china. tfv orf080l is a gene homolog of lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-α factor (litaf), which is a regulator in endosome-to-lysosome trafficking through its function in the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery. the characteristics and biological roles of tfv orf080l were identified. tfv orf080l was predicted to encode an 84-amino acid peptide (v ...201626956473
identification and differential expression analysis of micrornas encoded by tiger frog virus in cross-species infection in vitro.tiger frog virus (tfv), dsdna virus of the genus ranavirus and family iridoviridae, causes a high mortality of tiger frog tadpoles cultured in southern china. micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in many viruses especially dna viruses such as singapore grouper iridoviruses (sgiv). micrornas play important roles in regulating gene expression for virus subsistence in host. considering that tfv infects cells of different species under laboratory conditions, we aim to identify the specific and es ...201627129448
budding of tiger frog virus (an iridovirus) from hepg2 cells via three ways recruits the escrt pathway.the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt) pathway is a multifunctional pathway involved in cell physiological activities. while the majority of rna viruses bearing l-domains are known to hijack the escrt pathway to complete the budding process, the budding of large and complex enveloped dna viruses, especially iridoviruses, has been rarely investigated. in the present study, we use the tiger frog virus (tfv) as a model to investigate whether iridoviruses are released ...201627225426
inter- and intra-specific genetic divergence of asian tiger frogs (genus hoplobatrachus), with special reference to the population structure of h. tigerinus in bangladesh.the five frog species of the genus hoplobatrachus are widely distributed in asia and africa, with asia being considered the genus' origin. however, the evolutionary relationships of asian hoplobatrachus species remain ambiguous. additionally, genetic diversity and fundamental differentiation processes within species have not been studied. we conducted molecular phylogenetic analysis on asian hoplobatrachus frogs and population genetic analysis on h. tigerinus in bangladesh using the mitochondria ...201727452042
prevalence of spirometra mansoni in dogs, cats, and frogs and its medical relevance in guangzhou, china.sparganosis is an important parasitic disease in guangzhou and is mainly acquired through the consumption of frog meat or contact with fresh frogs infected by larval stages (spargana) of the tapeworm species spirometra mansoni.201627777093
first report of seuratascaris numidica seurat, 1917 (nematoda: ascarididae) and other helminths from amphibians of west bengal, india.studies on nematode parasites from anuran hosts from eastern india, particularly west bengal, are rare. to our knowledge, there is a report of larvae of monhysterides sp. (a fish parasite) from cysts within the body cavity and musculature of duttaphrynus melanostictus, hoplobatrachus tigerinus and euphlyctis hexadactylus as well as descriptions of aplectana duttaphryni from d. melanostictus, aplectana dubrajpuri from h. tigerinus, cosmocerca microhylae from microhyla rubra and rhabdias bulbicaud ...201728316428
two new species of pleurogenoides (luhe, 1901) travassos, 1921 (digenea: pleurogenidae) infecting two species of frogs of the western ghats, india.two new species of digenetic trematodes of the genus pleurogenoides infecting the freshwater frogs, euphlyctis cyanophlyctis and hoplobatrachus tigerinus inhabiting the western ghats, india are described and illustrated. pleurogenoides euphlycti n. sp. and p. wayanadensis n. sp. are separated from their congeners on the basis of differences in the morphology and morphometry. the prevalence of infection of p. euphlycti n. sp. in e. cyanophlyctis is 8.99% and in h. tigerinus 12.5% and the intensit ...201829491572
protein a from orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus triggers type i interferon production in fish cell.family nodaviridae consists of two genera: alphanodavirus and betanodavirus, and the latter is classified into four genotypes, including red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus, striped jack nervous necrosis virus, and barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus. type i interferons (ifns) play a central role in the innate immune system and antiviral responses, and the interactions between ifn and nnv have been investigated in this study. we have found that the ...201829733958
what's for dinner? diet and potential trophic impact of an invasive anuran hoplobatrachus tigerinus on the andaman archipelago.amphibian invasions have considerable detrimental impacts on recipient ecosystems. however, reliable risk analysis of invasive amphibians still requires research on more non-native amphibian species. an invasive population of the indian bullfrog, hoplobatrachus tigerinus, is currently spreading on the andaman archipelago and may have significant trophic impacts on native anurans through competition and predation. we carried out diet analyses of the invasive h. tigerinus and native anurans, acros ...201830310745
cosmocerca bengalensis sp. nov. (nematoda: cosmocercidae) in hoplobatrachus tigerinus (daudin, 1803) (amphibia, anura, dicroglossidae) from west bengal, india.cosmocerca bengalensis sp. nov. (ascaridida, cosmocercidae) recovered from the rectum of an indian bullfrog, hoplobatrachus tigerinus (daudin, 1803), collected from hetampur town in birbhum district of west bengal, india, is described and illustrated. this species is similar to c. acanthurum, c. banyulensis, c. cruzi, c. japonica, c. kalesari, c. microhylae, c. novaeguineae, c. ornata, c. paraguayensis, c. parva, c. podicipinus and c. travassosi in having 5 pairs of plectanes supporting preanal ...201830367756
development and characterization of 33 microsatellite loci for the tiger frog hoplobatrachus rugulosus (wiegmann 1834) through transcriptome sequencing.the tiger frog hoplobatrachus rugulosus (wiegmann 1834) is a large robust dicroglossid frog widely distributed in southern china, malaysia, myanmar, vietnam and thailand. the escaped bred tiger frog introduced from thailand hybridized with chinese native population may have affected the genetic diversity of local chinese tiger frogs. however, previous microsatellite loci of this species do not offer enough information to construct the genetic map. here, we reported 33 new microsatellite loci fro ...201830574879
tiger frog virus orf104r interacts with cellular vdac2 to inhibit cell apoptosis.ranaviruses belong to the family iridoviridae, and have become a serious threat to both farmed and natural populations of fish and amphibians. previous reports showed that ranaviruses could encode viral bcl-2 family-like proteins (vbcl-2), which play a critical role in the regulation of cell apoptosis. however, the mechanism of ranaviruses vbcl-2 interactions with host protein in mediating apoptosis remains unknown. tiger frog virus (tfv) belonging to the genus ranavirus has been isolated from i ...201931299465
microbial community structures and important associations between soil nutrients and the responses of specific taxa to rice-frog cultivation.rice-frog cultivation is a traditional farming system in china and has been reintroduced as an agricultural practice in china in recent years. the microbial community in paddy rhizospheric soils has attracted much attention because many microorganisms participate in functional processes in soils. in this study, illumina miseq sequencing-based techniques were used to investigate soil microbial communities and functional gene patterns across samples obtained by conventional rice cultivation (cr) a ...201931440215
asian bullfrog (rana tigerina) skin gelatin extracted by ultrasound-assisted process: characteristics and in-vitro cytotoxicity.impact of ultrasound-assisted process (uap) on yield and characteristics of asian bullfrog (rana tigerina) skin gelatin was studied and the in-vitro cytotoxicity of the resulting frog skin gelatin was evaluated using caco-2, raw264.7 and l929 cell lines. different ultrasonication modes (5 min on-time with 25 min off-time (5/25) and 10 min on-time with 50 min off-times (10/50)) were implemented for different total ultrasonication times (10-60 min) during gelatin extraction at 55 °c. uap could eff ...202031954782
the combined effects of temperature and aromatase inhibitor on metamorphosis, growth, locomotion, and sex ratio of tiger frog (hoplobatrachus rugulosus) tadpoles.the tiger frog (hoplobatrachus rugulosus) is widely raised by many farms in southern region of china as an economically edible frog. the growth, development, and sexual differentiation of amphibians are influenced by temperature and steroid hormone level. however, the problem of hormone residues is caused by the addition of exogenous hormones in frog breeding, it is worth considering whether non-sterol aromatase inhibitors can be used instead of hormones.202032219039
effect of chlorine dioxide and phosphates on the quality of tiger frog (rana tigrina) meat during 4 °c storage.tiger frog (rana tigrina) meat is extremely perishable. this study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine dioxide (clo2 ) on frog meat, optimized the formulation of a phosphate-based enhancement solution by response surface methodology (rsm), and determined the quality parameters (i.e., total aerobic counts [tac], ph, drip loss, cooking loss, color measurements, shear force, total volatile basic nitrogen [tvb-n], and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [tbars]) of refrigerated f ...202032249422
rapid diagnosis of largemouth bass ranavirus in fish samples using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.largemouth bass ranavirus (lmbv) has been recognized as the causative pathogen responsible for infectious skin ulcerative syndrome in cultured largemouth bass in china. a fast and simple lmbv detection method is urgently needed. here, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was established for the detection of this virus using primers targeting the major capsid protein gene of lmbv. the amplification conditions were optimized; the assay was specific for the diagnosis of lmbv, as th ...202032268179
the use of fish and herptiles in traditional folk therapies in three districts of chenab riverine area in punjab, pakistan.like botanical taxa, various species of animals are also used in traditional and modern health care systems. present study was intended with the aim to document the traditional uses of herptile and fish species among the local communities in the vicinity of the river chenab, punjab pakistan.202032580733
roles of extracellular matrix components in tiger frog virus attachment to fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) cells.tiger frog virus (tfv) belongs to the genus ranavirus (family iridoviridae) and causes significant harm in cultured frogs, resulting in substantial losses in ecological and economic field in southern china. attachment is the first step in viral life cycle, which is dependent on the interactions of virions with extracellular matrix (ecm) components. studying this process will help in understanding virus infection and controlling viral diseases. in this study, the roles of primary ecm components i ...202032976972
studies on the life cycle of pleurogenoides wayanadensis shinad & prasadan, 2018 (digenea: pleurogenidae) from the western ghats, india.the life cycle of pleurogenoides wayanadensis shinad & prasadan, 2018, infecting the frogs hoplobatrachus tigerinus and euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, is elucidated in this study. all the life cycle stages from egg to egg-producing adults were elucidated under natural conditions and successfully established in the laboratory. the life cycle took about 58 to 65 days for completion. miracidia were released by teasing the eggs with fine needles. sporocysts were found in the freshwater snail, bithynia (d ...202032985400
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