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concern over zika virus grips the world. 201626852261
identification of zika virus vectors and implications for control. 201626852727
rapid spread of zika virus in the americas--implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 brazil olympic games.mass gatherings at major international sporting events put millions of international travelers and local host-country residents at risk of acquiring infectious diseases, including locally endemic infectious diseases. the mosquito-borne zika virus (zikv) has recently aroused global attention due to its rapid spread since its first detection in may 2015 in brazil to 22 other countries and other territories in the americas. the zikv outbreak in brazil, has also been associated with a significant ri ...201626854199
time for global action on zika virus epidemic. 201626856896
cdc updates zika virus guidance to protect pregnant women. 201626858259
zika virus infection. 201626858352
false positive dengue ns1 antigen test in a traveller with an acute zika virus infection imported into switzerland.we report the first case of an acute zika virus infection imported into switzerland by a traveller returning from canoa quebrada, ceará state, in the north-eastern part of brazil. due to a false positive dengue virus ns1 antigen test, igg antibody seroconversion and a suggestive clinical picture,an acute dengue fever was initially considered. however, because of lack of specific igm-antibodies, stationary igg antibody titre and a negative dengue virus pcr test result, a dengue virus infection wa ...201626859285
healthcare staff encouraged to warn patients of the risks of the zika virus.healthcare workers in primary care should inform pregnant women of the risks associated with the zika virus if they are travelling to affected countries.201626860137
zika virus.essential facts zika virus disease is caused by a virus that is transmitted by the aedes mosquito. while it generally causes a mild illness, there is increasing concern that it is harmful in pregnancy and can cause congenital abnormalities in infants born to women infected with the virus. there is no antiviral treatment or vaccine currently available. the best form of prevention is protection against mosquito bites.201626860150
zika virus and microcephaly. 201626862812
zika virus associated with microcephaly.a widespread epidemic of zika virus (zikv) infection was reported in 2015 in south and central america and the caribbean. a major concern associated with this infection is the apparent increased incidence of microcephaly in fetuses born to mothers infected with zikv. in this report, we describe the case of an expectant mother who had a febrile illness with rash at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy while she was living in brazil. ultrasonography performed at 29 weeks of gestation reveal ...201626862926
zika virus infection in a massachusetts resident after travel to costa rica: a case report. 201626864175
severe eye damage in infants with microcephaly is presumed to be due to zika virus. 201626864344
a crucial time for public health preparedness: zika virus and the 2016 olympics, umrah, and hajj. 201626864962
zika virus infection and the eye. 201626865476
ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed zika virus congenital infection in salvador, brazil.the zika virus (zikv) has rapidly reached epidemic proportions, especially in northeastern brazil, and has rapidly spread to other parts of the americas. a recent increase in the prevalence of microcephaly in newborn infants and vision-threatening findings in these infants is likely associated with the rapid spread of zikv.201626865554
interim guidelines for prevention of sexual transmission of zika virus - united states, 2016.zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes (1,2). infection with zika virus is asymptomatic in an estimated 80% of cases (2,3), and when zika virus does cause illness, symptoms are generally mild and self-limited. recent evidence suggests a possible association between maternal zika virus infection and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital microcephaly (4,5), as well as a possible association with guillain-barré syndrome. currently, no vaccin ...201626866485
update: interim guidelines for health care providers caring for pregnant women and women of reproductive age with possible zika virus exposure - united states, 2016.cdc has updated its interim guidelines for u.s. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a zika virus outbreak (1). updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing zika virus transmission. testing can be offered 2-12 weeks after pregnant women return from travel. this update also expands guidance to women who ...201626866840
uk records four cases of zika virus in past six weeks. 201626868672
zika virus and the risk of imported infection in returned travelers: implications for clinical care.since late 2015, an unprecedented outbreak of zika virus is spreading quickly across southern america. the large size of the current outbreak in the americas will also result in an increase in zika virus infections among travelers returning from endemic areas. we report five cases of imported zika virus infection to the netherlands. although the clinical course is usually mild, establishing the diagnosis is important, mainly because of the association with congenital microcephaly and the possibi ...201626872416
zika without symptoms in returning travellers: what are the implications?against the background of the emergence and rapid spread of zika virus (zikv) in the americas, we report the case of an afebrile zikv infection in a traveller returning from central america to highlight relevant clinical and diagnostic aspects. zikv should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of dengue or chikungunya fever. given the frequent subfebril and afebrile manifestations of zikv infections, we propose abstaining from the term "zika fe ...201626876061
zika virus and microcephaly: why is this situation a pheic? 201626876373
zika virus outbreak: reproductive health and rights in latin america. 201626880123
zika virus infection presenting with postauricular lymphadenopathy. 201626884455
zika virus: diagnostics for an emerging pandemic threat.zika virus (zikv) is anaedesmosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in brazil in 2015 and then rapidly spread throughout the tropical and subtropical americas. based on clinical criteria alone, zikv cannot be reliably distinguished from infections with other pathogens that cause an undifferentiated systemic febrile illness, including infections with two common arboviruses, dengue virus and chikungunya virus. this minireview details the methods that are available to diagnose zikv infection.201626888897
zika virus and pregnancy: what obstetric health care providers need to know.zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by aedes (stegomyia) species of mosquitoes. in may 2015, the world health organization confirmed the first local transmission of zika virus in the americas in brazil. the virus has spread rapidly to other countries in the americas; as of january 29, 2016, local transmission has been detected in at least 22 countries or territories, including the commonwealth of puerto rico and the u.s. virgin islands. zika virus can infect pregnant women in all three trimes ...201626889662
notes from the field: evidence of zika virus infection in brain and placental tissues from two congenitally infected newborns and two fetal losses--brazil, 2015.zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is related to dengue virus and transmitted primarily by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with humans acting as the principal amplifying host during outbreaks. zika virus was first reported in brazil in may 2015 (1). by february 9, 2016, local transmission of infection had been reported in 26 countries or territories in the americas.* infection is usually asymptomatic, and, when symptoms are present, typically results in mild and self-limited illness with s ...201626890059
local transmission of zika virus--puerto rico, november 23, 2015-january 28, 2016.zika virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, spread to the region of the americas (americas) in mid-2015, and appears to be related to congenital microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome (1,2). on february 1, 2016, the world health organization (who) declared the occurrence of microcephaly cases in association with zika virus infection to be a public health emergency of international concern.* on december 31, 2015, puerto rico department of health (prdh) reported the first locally acquired (index) c ...201626890470
placental inflammatory response to zika virus may affect fetal brain development. 201626892436
what pediatricians and other clinicians should know about zika virus. 201626893150
who sets out $56m zika virus response plan. 201626893468
zika virus. 201626895850
zika virus: what the neurologist wants to know. 201626896047
zika virus: time to move from case reports to case control. 201626897106
detection and sequencing of zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in brazil: a case study.the incidence of microcephaly in brazil in 2015 was 20 times higher than in previous years. congenital microcephaly is associated with genetic factors and several causative agents. epidemiological data suggest that microcephaly cases in brazil might be associated with the introduction of zika virus. we aimed to detect and sequence the zika virus genome in amniotic fluid samples of two pregnant women in brazil whose fetuses were diagnosed with microcephaly.201626897108
zika virus infection: global update on epidemiology and potentially associated clinical manifestations. 201626897760
zika virus infections in three travellers returning from south america and the caribbean respectively, to montpellier, france, december 2015 to january 2016.we report three unrelated cases of zika virus infection in patients returning from martinique, brazil and colombia respectively, to montpellier, france. they developed symptoms compatible with a mosquito-borne disease, and serological and molecular investigations indicated a recent zika virus infection. considering the recent warning for the likely teratogenicity of zika virus and the presence of competent mosquito vectors in southern france, these cases highlight the need for awareness of physi ...201626898198
cdc guidelines for pregnant women during the zika virus outbreak. 201626898855
ultrasound screening for fetal microcephaly following zika virus exposure. 201626901275
four emerging arboviral diseases in north america: jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika virus diseases.arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. there are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. recently, jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in north america. unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies fo ...201626903031
zika virus emergence and expansion: lessons learned from dengue and chikungunya may not provide all the answers.following the emergence of zika in the past decade, there are lessons to be learned from similar emergence events of dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv). specifically, as zika emerges in the americas there is a natural tendency to apply the knowledge base of denv and chikv to mitigation and control of a virus with such a similar transmission system. however, there are marked differences that may preclude such broad stroke application of this knowledge base without making potentially faulty ass ...201626903610
aedes mosquitoes and zika virus infection: an a to z of emergence? 201626905027
thrombocytopenia and subcutaneous bleedings in a patient with zika virus infection. 201626906627
[imported zika virus infection in the netherlands].since mid-2015, a rapidly expanding outbreak of zika virus infection is spreading across latin america and the caribbean. although zika virus infection usually causes only mild disease, the world health organization has declared the epidemiological association with the occurrence of congenital microcephaly and neurological complications a 'public health emergency of international concern' and urged the international community to mount a coordinated international response aimed to protect people ...201526906886
epidemic of zika virus and maxillofacial surgery.zika is a rna virus spread by the ubiquitous aedes mosquitoes. it was first discovered in uganda in 1947, and arrived in south-east asia by the middle of the 20th century. in 2014 the virus started to spread across the pacific islands to reach south america. since then it has spread rapidly northwards, and reached mexico and the caribbean in november 2015. clinically it presents as a self-limiting febrile illness. however, there is increasing evidence of a link between zika virus and the guillai ...201626907929
flaviviruses as a cause of undifferentiated fever in sindh province, pakistan: a preliminary report.arboviral diseases are expanding worldwide, yet global surveillance is often limited due to diplomatic and cultural barriers between nations. with human encroachment into new habitats, mosquito-borne viruses are also invading new areas. the actual prevalence of expanding arboviruses is unknown in pakistan due to inappropriate diagnosis and poor testing for arboviral diseases. the primary objective of this study was to document evidence of flavivirus infections as the cause of undifferentiated fe ...201626909342
evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for brazil.recently, a prototype dengue early warning system was developed to produce probabilistic forecasts of dengue risk three months ahead of the 2014 world cup in brazil. here, we evaluate the categorical dengue forecasts across all microregions in brazil, using dengue cases reported in june 2014 to validate the model. we also compare the forecast model framework to a null model, based on seasonal averages of previously observed dengue incidence. when considering the ability of the two models to pred ...201626910315
zika virus disease: a public health emergency of international concern.the emergence of zika virus disease (zikv) in the americas, mainly brazil, has required the world health organization to take action to halt the spread of the virus by implementing preventive measures. this has resulted in increased surveillance of the virus and its potential complications. in the uk, cases of zikv have been reported in returning travellers. with the importance of this disease increasing, it is vital that nurses and other health professionals take the time to learn about zikv in ...201626911164
zika virus: an international emergency?this viewpoint discusses the world health organization's declaration on 1 february 2016 that the epidemic infection caused by the zika virus is a public health emergency of international concern - the basis of the decision and controversy surrounding it.201626911655
unique pfk regulatory property from some mosquito vectors of disease, and from drosophila melanogaster.arthropod-borne diseases are some of the most rapidly spreading diseases. reducing the vector population is currently the only effective way to reduce case numbers. central metabolic pathways are potential targets to control vector populations, but have not been well explored to this aim. the information available on energy metabolism, as a way to control lifespan and dispersion through flight of dipteran vectors, is inadequate.201626911930
[experience of integrated traditional chinese and western medicine in first case of imported zika virus disease in china].zika virus disease is an acute infectious disease caused by zika virus transmitted through aedes mosquitoes. to explore the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional chinese and western medicine for zika virus disease, the treatment process of the first imported case in china was reviewed.201626911940
recovery of west nile virus envelope protein domain iii chimeras with altered antigenicity and mouse virulence.flaviviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded rna viruses responsible for millions of human infections annually. the envelope (e) protein of flaviviruses comprises three structural domains, of which domain iii (eiii) represents a discrete subunit. the eiii gene sequence typically encodes epitopes recognized by virus-specific, potently neutralizing antibodies, and eiii is believed to play a major role in receptor binding. in order to assess potential interactions between eiii and the remainder ...201626912625
infectious diseases. beyond ebola. 026912880
zika virus infection and stillbirths: a case of hydrops fetalis, hydranencephaly and fetal demise.the rapid spread of zika virus in the americas and current outbreak of microcephaly in brazil has raised attention to the possible deleterious effects that the virus may have on fetuses.201626914330
update: interim guidelines for health care providers caring for infants and children with possible zika virus infection--united states, february 2016.cdc has updated its interim guidelines for u.s. health care providers caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in areas with zika virus transmission during pregnancy and expanded guidelines to include infants and children with possible acute zika virus disease. this update contains a new recommendation for routine care for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in areas with zika virus transmission during pregnancy but did not receive zika virus testing, when the ...201626914500
is south africa at risk for zika virus disease? 201626915933
zika virus infection during pregnancy: what, where, and why? 201626917636
chikungunya: epidemiology.chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. joint pains may last months or years. it is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. in recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the ...201626918158
immunological evidence of zika virus transmission in thailand.to identify immunological evidence of zika virus transmission in thailand.201626919943
zika virus: management of infection and risk. 201626920038
us health officials investigate sexually transmitted zika virus infections. 201626921165
zika virus. 201626921241
prolonged detection of zika virus rna in urine samples during the ongoing zika virus epidemic in brazil. 201626921737
zika virus and microcephaly in brazil: a scientific agenda. 201626921913
neurological expertise is essential for zika virus infection. 201626922438
zika virus: a little less speculation, a little more action. 201626922439
transmission potential of zika virus infection in the south pacific.zika virus has spread internationally through countries in the south pacific and americas. the present study aimed to estimate the basic reproduction number, r0, of zika virus infection as a measurement of the transmission potential, reanalyzing past epidemic data from the south pacific.201626923081
intrauterine zika virus infection and microcephaly: correlation of perinatal imaging and three-dimensional virtual physical models. 201626923098
zika virus and neurological disease--approaches to the unknown. 201626923117
highly divergent dengue virus type 1 genotype sets a new distance record.dengue viruses (denvs) are the leading cause of mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. they exist in both endemic and sylvatic ecotypes. in 2014, a viremic patient who had recently visited the rainforests of brunei returned to australia displaying symptoms consistent with denv infection. a unique denv strain was subsequently isolated from the patient, which we propose belongs to a new genotype within denv serotype 1 (denv-1). bayesian evolutionary phylogenetic analysis suggests that the putativ ...201626924208
wolbachia biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident wolbachia strains in mosquitoes.arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease worldwide. the absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective mosquito biocontrol strategy. resident strains of wolbachia inhibit viral replication in drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows ...201626925368
the zika outbreak of the 21st century.the zika virus outbreak has captivated the attention of the global audience and information has spread rapidly and wildly through the internet and other media channels. this virus was first identified in 1947, when it was isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey placed by british scientists working at the yellow fever research laboratory located in the zika forest area of uganda, hence its name, and is transmitted primarily by the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. the fact that the rhesus macaque is ...201626925496
zikatracker: a mobile app for reporting cases of zikv worldwide.we have developed a mobile app called zikatracker (zikatracker.net) to voluntarily be used to report zikv cases on a public or private level. as the zika virus (zikv) infection zones are rapidly expanding across south, central, and north america, and reports have emerged linking zikv infection with developmental defects and neurological sequelae, reporting the movement and sequelae of zikv is essential. zikatracker is a multi-lingual app (english, french, spanish, and portuguese) freely availabl ...201626927449
zika virus outbreak in brazil.zika virus (zikv) infection is spreading rapidly within the americas after originating from an outbreak in brazil. we describe the current zikv infection epidemic in brazil and the neurological symptoms arising. first cases of an acute exanthematic disease were reported in brazil's northeast region at the end of 2014. in march 2015, autochthonous zikv was determined to be the causative agent of the exanthematic disease. as cases of neurological syndromes in regions where zikv, dengue and/or chik ...201626927450
zika virus update. 201626927699
inhibition of protein kinase c promotes dengue virus replication.dengue virus (denv) is a member of the flaviviridae family, transmitted to human via mosquito. denv infection is common in tropical areas and occasionally causes life-threatening symptoms. denv contains a relatively short positive-stranded rna genome, which encodes ten viral proteins. thus, the viral life cycle is necessarily rely on or regulated by host factors.201626931565
declining malaria, rising of dengue and zika virus: insights for mosquito vector control.the fight against mosquito-borne diseases is a challenge of huge public health importance. to our mind, 2015 was an extraordinary year for malaria control, due to three hot news: the nobel prize to youyou tu for the discovery of artemisinin, the development of the first vaccine against plasmodium falciparum malaria [i.e. rts,s/as01 (rts,s)], and the fall of malaria infection rates worldwide, with special reference to sub-saharan africa. however, there are major challenges that still deserve atte ...201626932263
study links zika virus to guillain-barré syndrome. 201626932976
zika virus: medical countermeasure development challenges.reports of high rates of primary microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome associated with zika virus infection in french polynesia and brazil have raised concerns that the virus circulating in these regions is a rapidly developing neuropathic, teratogenic, emerging infectious public health threat. there are no licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapies or preventive drugs) available for zika virus infection and disease. the pan american health organization (paho) predicts that zika vi ...201626934531
transmission of zika virus through sexual contact with travelers to areas of ongoing transmission - continental united states, 2016.zika virus is a flavivirus closely related to dengue, west nile, and yellow fever viruses. although spread is primarily by aedes species mosquitoes, two instances of sexual transmission of zika virus have been reported, and replicative virus has been isolated from semen of one man with hematospermia. on february 5, 2016, cdc published recommendations for preventing sexual transmission of zika virus. updated prevention guidelines were published on february 23. during february 6-22, 2016, cdc rece ...201626937739
longitudinal analysis of natural killer cells in dengue virus-infected patients in comparison to chikungunya and chikungunya/dengue virus-infected patients.dengue virus (denv) is the most prominent arbovirus worldwide, causing major epidemics in south-east asia, south america and africa. in 2010, a major denv-2 outbreak occurred in gabon with cases of patients co-infected with chikungunya virus (chikv). although the innate immune response is thought to be of primordial importance in the development and outcome of arbovirus-associated pathologies, our knowledge of the role of natural killer (nk) cells during denv-2 infection is in its infancy.201626938618
zika virus infection among u.s. pregnant travelers - august 2015-february 2016.after reports of microcephaly and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in infants of mothers infected with zika virus during pregnancy, cdc issued a travel alert on january 15, 2016, advising pregnant women to consider postponing travel to areas with active transmission of zika virus. on january 19, cdc released interim guidelines for u.s. health care providers caring for pregnant women with travel to an affected area, and an update was released on february 5. as of february 17, cdc had received rep ...201626938703
differential susceptibilities of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from the americas to zika virus.since the major outbreak in 2007 in the yap island, zika virus (zikv) causing dengue-like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the south pacific region. in may 2015, the virus was detected in brazil and then spread through south and central america. in december 2015, zikv was detected in french guiana and martinique. the aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from the caribbean (martinique, guadeloupe), north america ( ...201626938868
zika virus and pregnancy: a review of the literature and clinical considerations.the latest zika virus (zikv) outbreak has reached epidemic proportions as it spreads throughout south and central america. in november 2015, the brazilian ministry of health reported a 20-fold increase in the number of cases of neonatal microcephaly, which corresponds geographically and temporally to the zikv outbreak. case reports have provided some evidence of a causal link between maternal zikv infection, fetal microcephaly, and intracranial calcifications. the sparse data regarding zikv in p ...201626939047
an autochthonous case of zika due to possible sexual transmission, florence, italy, 2014.we report a case of zika virus infection imported in florence, italy ex-thailand, leading to a secondary autochthonous case, probably through sexual transmission. the two cases occurred in may 2014 but were retrospectively diagnosed in 2016 on the basis of serological tests (plaque reduction neutralisation) performed on stored serum samples. our report provides further evidence that sexual transmission of zika virus is possible.201626939607
the expanding spectrum of modes of transmission of zika virus: a global concern. 201626939897
zika virus association with microcephaly: the power for population statistics to identify public health emergencies. 201626940218
zika fever and congenital zika syndrome: an unexpected emerging arboviral disease.unlike its mosquito-borne relatives, such as dengue, west nile, and japanese encephalitis viruses, which can cause severe human diseases, zika virus (zikv) has emerged from obscurity by its association with a suspected "congenital zika syndrome", while causing asymptomatic or mild exanthematous febrile infections which are dengue- or rubella-like in infected individuals. despite having been discovered in uganda for almost 60 years, <20 human cases were reported before 2007. the massive epidemics ...201626940504
zika virus may be linked to several birth defects, expert warns. 201626940642
first complete genome sequence of zika virus (flaviviridae, flavivirus) from an autochthonous transmission in brazil.we report here the genome sequence of zika virus, strain zikasph2015, containing all structural and nonstructural proteins flanked by the 5' and 3' untranslated region. it was isolated in são paulo state, brazil, in 2015, from a patient who received a blood transfusion from an asymptomatic donor at the time of donation.201626941134
zika virus infection in pregnant women in rio de janeiro.background zika virus (zikv) has been linked to central nervous system malformations in fetuses. to characterize the spectrum of zikv disease in pregnant women and infants, we followed patients in rio de janeiro to describe clinical manifestations in mothers and repercussions of acute zikv infection in infants. methods we enrolled pregnant women in whom a rash had developed within the previous 5 days and tested blood and urine specimens for zikv by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction ...201626943629
the chasm between public health and reproductive research: what history tells us about zika virus.zika transmission from mother to fetus and its possible sexual transmission have become a media focus in the past months as a major public health concern. while mother-to-fetus transmission, fetal neurologic manifestations or sexual transmission have never been documented for this virus before, other viruses that belong to the same family are very well known to reproductive health workers, clinicians, and researchers. as a member of flaviviridae family, including hepatitis c and bovine viral dia ...201626943916
zika virus infection in french polynesia. 201626944027
zika virus: a new threat from mosquitoes. 201626944581
zika virus infection in semen: a call to action and research. 201626945753
acute myelitis due to zika virus infection. 201626946926
[guillain-barré syndrome due to zika virus during pregnancy]. 201626947168
[the zika virus out of america]. 201626947169
etiological agents of microcephaly: implications for diagnosis during the current zika virus epidemic. 201626947268
science committee calls on government to build zika virus evidence base. 201626948207
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