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molecular survey of babesia microti in wild rodents in central croatia.babesia divergens and b. divergens-like organisms are the main causative agents of human babesiosis in europe. recently, the first case of human infection with babesia microti was confirmed in germany, implicating the presence of zoonotic isolates. to estimate the presence of zoonotic b. microti in croatia we analyzed 120 small wild mammals that serve as its reservoir by polymerase chain reaction. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (myodes glareolus) were both found to be i ...201120553109
recombination within and between species of the alpha proteobacterium bartonella infecting rodents.bartonella infections from wild mice and voles (apodemus flavicollis, mi. oeconomus, microtus arvalis and myodes glareolus) were sampled from a forest and old-field habitats of eastern poland; a complex network of bartonella isolates, referrable to b. taylorii, b. grahamii, b. birtlesii and b. doshiae, was identified by the sequencing of a glta fragment, comparable to previous studies of bartonella diversity in rodents. nested clade analysis showed that isolates could be assigned to zero- and on ...201120740281
factors affecting patterns of tick parasitism on forest rodents in tick-borne encephalitis risk areas, germany.identifying factors affecting individual vector burdens is essential for understanding infectious disease systems. drawing upon data of a rodent monitoring programme conducted in nine different forest patches in southern hesse, germany, we developed models which predict tick (ixodes spp. and dermacentor spp.) burdens on two rodent species apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus. models for the two rodent species were broadly similar but differed in some aspects. patterns of ixodes spp. burdens ...201020878183
yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (myodes glareolus) as zoomonitors of environmental contamination at a polluted area in slovakia.free-living wild rodents are often used as zoomonitors of environmental contamination. in the present study, accumulation of cadmium (cd), copper (cu), iron (fe), and zinc (zn) in critical organs of yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (myodes glareolus) trapped in a polluted area in nováky, slovakia was investigated.201021054852
the effects of environmental low-dose irradiation on tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents.the nuclear disaster at chernobyl, ukraine, in april of 1986 continues to impact the environment on many different levels. studies of epidemiological, environmental, and genetic impacts have been prolific since the accident, revealing interesting results concerning the effects of radiation. the long-tailed field mouse, apodemus flavicollis, was collected from distinct localities near the chernobyl site and evaluated based on in vivo responses to the current clinically employed chemotherapeutic a ...201121140382
investigation of the ecology of francisella tularensis during an inter-epizootic period.abstract a 1-year study of the ecological cycle of francisella tularensis was performed in an enzootic area during an inter-epizootic period. the study was based on multiple sampling of all major constituents of the disease cycle. seroprevalence of tularemia in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) population was 5.1% (10/197) with low antibody titers (1/10 and 1/20), and f. tularensis ssp. holarctica was isolated from four hares. f. tularensis was not detected in the 38 common voles (microt ...201021142970
hantavirus infection during a stay in a mountain hut in northern slovakia.hantaviruses in europe cause human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) with various degree of severity. the most severe form is caused by the dobrava/belgrade virus (dobv), associated with the rodent apodemus flavicollis. during the last decade cases of infection caused by dobv have been reported in central europe. the present study is a report on two czech patients with severe hfrs who were infected during their stay in a mountain hut in northern slovakia. the two patients, combined wi ...201121264871
the dynamics of macroparasite host-self-infection: a study of the patterns and processes of pinworm (oxyuridae) aggregation.among parasites, taylor's power law identifies a tight relationship in aggregation of macroparasite infection intensity with few exceptions; notably, the nematode family oxyuridae tends to have higher than expected aggregation. oxyuridae infect a wide range of mammalian hosts and have a unique reproductive strategy that involves conventional horizontal transmission, as well as re-infection of an already infected host. we asked the question, do the unique aspects of pinworm life-history explain a ...201121349221
rodents as sentinels for the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus.abstract introduction: tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) causes one of the most important flavivirus infections of the central nervous system, affecting humans in europe and asia. it is mainly transmitted by the bite of an infected tick and circulates among them and their vertebrate hosts. until now, tbe risk analysis in germany has been based on the incidence of human cases. because of an increasing vaccination rate, this approach might be misleading, especially in regions of low virus circu ...201121548766
permanent genetic resources added to the molecular ecology resources database 1 february 2010-31 march 2010.this article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: anser cygnoides, apodemus flavicollis, athene noctua, cercis canadensis, glis glis, gubernatrix cristata, haliotis tuberculata, helianthus maximiliani, laricobius nigrinus, laricobius rubidus, neoheligmonella granjoni, nephrops norvegicus, oenanthe javanica, paramuricea clavata, pyrrhura orcesi and samanea saman. these loci were cross-t ...201021565086
[diversity of blood parasites of genus bartonella in wild rodents in mazury lakes district].this long-term study of genetic diversity and epidemiology of the alpha-proteobacterium bartonella in wild rodents from forest (myodes glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) and abandoned farmland (microtus arvalis and mi. oeconomus) was carried out in the years 2007-2009 in the mazury lakes district. in total, 1193 rodents were marked and recaptured, and 2226 blood samples were collected. the highest bartonella prevalence was found in a. flavicollis (43.5%), the lowest in mi. oeconomus (9.4%), whi ...201121638804
molecular detection of murine herpesvirus 68 in ticks feeding on free-living reptiles.the mhv-68 (designed as murid herpesvirus 4 (muhv 4) strain 68) isolated from two rodents, myodes glareolus and apodemus flavicollis, is considered as a natural pathogen of free-living murid rodents. recently, the detection of mhv antibodies in the blood of animals living in the same biotope as mhv-infected mice has suggested that ticks may have a role in the transmission of this pathogen. ixodes ricinus is one the most abundant tick species in europe known to transmit multiple pathogens causing ...201121732020
heligmosomoides polygyrus infection is associated with lower mhc class ii gene expression in apodemus flavicollis: indication for immune suppression?due to their key role in recognizing foreign antigens and triggering the subsequent immune response the genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) provide a potential target for parasites to attack in order to evade detection and expulsion from the host. a diminished mhc gene expression results in less activated t cells and might serve as a gateway for pathogens and parasites. some parasites are suspected to be immune suppressors and promote co-infections of other parasites even in othe ...201121983561
patterns of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in rodents in slovenia.abstract tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is the most important causative agent of arboviral infection in europe, causing neurologic symptoms. the incidence of the disease has greatly increased over the past decades, and in the meantime, some changes in spatial distribution of tbe cases have been observed. therefore, it is important to recognize the distribution of endemic areas, to use preventive measures successfully. in this study, rodents from all over slovenia were evaluated as suitab ...201122022821
multiple co-infections of rodents with hantaviruses, leptospira, and babesia in croatia.hantaviruses, leptospira spp., and babesia spp. are rodent-borne pathogens present worldwide. we studied multiple co-infections of small rodents in croatia with all three pathogens. twenty-eight apodemus flavicollis and 16 myodes glareolus were tested for the presence of hantavirus rna by real-time rt-pcr, leptospira strains by renoculture method and babesia dna by pcr. anti-hantavirus antibodies and anti-leptospira antibodies were detected by serological methods. very high infection rates with ...201222217170
differences in the ecology of bartonella infections of apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus in a boreal forest.the epidemiology of bartonella species infecting apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus in a forest in eastern poland was followed for 2 years using mark-recapture. infections could be acquired in any month, but prevalence, and probability of infection, peaked in the summer. there were significant differences in the pattern of infections between the two species. both hosts were primarily infected as juveniles, but the probability of infection was highest for a. flavicollis, which, evidence su ...201222336264
contrasting patterns of diversity and population differentiation at the innate immunity gene toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in two sympatric rodent species.comparing patterns of diversity and divergence between populations at immune genes and neutral markers can give insights into the nature and geographic scale of parasite-mediated selection. to date, studies investigating such patterns of selection in vertebrates have primarily focused on the acquired branch of the immune system, whereas it remains largely unknown how parasite-mediated selection shapes innate immune genes both within and across vertebrate populations. here, we present a study on ...201122380435
effects of deer density on tick infestation of rodents and the hazard of tick-borne encephalitis. i: empirical assessment.tick borne encephalitis (tbe) is endemic to eastern and central europe with broad temporal and spatial variation in infection risk. although many studies have focused on understanding the environmental and socio-economic factors affecting exposure of humans to tbe, comparatively little research has been devoted to assessing the underlying ecological mechanisms of tbe occurrence in enzootic cycles, and therefore tbe hazard. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the main ungulate tic ...201222464896
serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in rodents captured at four sites in switzerland.in a previous study, the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in questing ixodes ricinus l. ticks and in field derived ticks that engorged on small mammals (n = 9,986) was investigated at four sites located in a tbe area in switzerland. two of these sites were already recognized as tbe foci (thun and belp) and the screening of ticks revealed the presence of tbev in ticks at a third site, kiesen, but not at the fourth one, trimstein. the aim here was to test another approach to detect ...201222493864
accumulation of risk elements in kidney, liver, testis, uterus and bone of free-living wild rodents from a polluted area in slovakia.free-living wild rodents are usually used as indicators of pollution, with elements being determined in either whole body or in specific organs. in the present study, the accumulation of cadmium (cd), copper (cu), iron (fe), and zinc (zn) in kidney, liver, testis, uterus and bone of yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (myodes glareolus) trapped in a polluted area of nováky, slovakia was investigated. yellow-necked mice and bank voles were collected using standard theriologic ...201222540640
seasonality of ixodes ricinus ticks on vegetation and on rodents and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies diversity in two lyme borreliosis-endemic areas in switzerland.we compared ixodes ricinus questing density, the infestation of rodents by immature stages, and the diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) in questing ticks and ticks collected from rodents in two lyme borreliosis (lb)-endemic areas in switzerland (portes-rouges [pr] and staatswald [sw]) from 2003 to 2005. there were variations in the seasonal pattern of questing tick densities among years. questing nymphs were globally more abundant at pr than at sw, but the proportion of rodents inf ...201222607074
dobrava-belgrade virus: phylogeny, epidemiology, disease.dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) is an old world hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. with a case fatality rate up to 12%, dobv infection is the most life-threatening hantavirus disease in europe. the virus was initially identified in the balkans, but the discovery of new endemic foci have expanded its recognized geographic range. the recent description of novel genetic variants with different degrees of pathogenicity have complicated its taxonomic analysis. the o ...201222659378
a new demodecidae species (acari) from the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (rodentia: muridae)-description with data on parasitism.this paper describes morphological characteristics and the occurrence of demodex corniculatus n. sp., which was found on apodemus flavicollis in poland. the yellow-necked murid mouse is a common european rodent; until now, it was parasitized by a single demodectic mite species, demodex rosus, which occurs in the oral cavity and esophagus. the new species was found in hair follicles, particularly within hairy regions of the head and genital-anal area. demodex corniculatus occurred in 33% of the y ...201222694339
leptin, a tool of parasites?one common physiological phenomenon that is involved both in infectious and in malignant processes is the reduction in appetite: disease anorexia. an increase in plasma levels of leptin with inflammation is thought to be involved in this process. however, from an evolutionary perspective, in certain cases, it would be more adaptive for an internal parasite to stimulate the appetite of the host instead of causing its suppression. we tested whether a parasitic infection with the larvae of the helm ...201222740641
molecular detection of murine noroviruses in laboratory and wild mice.fecal specimens collected from 121 laboratory mice, 30 striped field mice (apodemus agrarius), 70 yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis), and 3 bank voles (myodes glareolus) were tested in sample pools for the presence of murine noroviruses (mnv). ten of 41 laboratory mice and 2 of 3 striped field mice pooled samples were positive for mnv. all laboratory mouse mnvs were closely related to previously described mnvs. the complete orf2 (vp1) of both striped field mouse mnvs identified in this st ...201222748629
molecular detection of novel astroviruses in wild and laboratory mice.pooled fecal specimens collected from striped field mice (apodemus agrarius), yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis), and bank voles (myodes glareolus) and individual stool samples collected from laboratory mice were tested for the presence of picornaviruses and astroviruses. picornavirus rna was detected only in one striped field mouse sample pool, while astrovirus rna was detected in two yellow-necked mouse sample pools and in six of the 121 laboratory mouse samples. in a 234-amino acid (aa ...201222899339
distribution and ecology of small mammals in albania.in order to gain an insight into the population dynamics and habitat preferences of rodents in albania, small mammals were collected during 2006-2009 in various districts of the country. of the 15 species of small mammals captured (12 in rodentia and 3 in insectivora order), the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) was the most frequently collected, representing 50% of the 325 small mammals captured, followed by the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) (20.62%). apodemus flavicollis is the pri ...201322963015
two-module organization of the mandible in the yellow-necked mouse: a comparison between two different morphometric approaches.mandibles of yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) were used to explore modularity. we tested a biological hypothesis that two separate modules (alveolar region and ascending ramus) can be recognized within the mandible. as a second research goal, we compared two different morphometric procedures under the assumption that methodological approaches that use either geometric or traditional morphometric techniques should give similar results. besides confirmation of the predicted hypothesis of ...201222994685
cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (sus scrofa).we describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium pig genotype ii and propose the species name cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. oocysts of c. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from c. parvum, measuring 4.81-5.96 μm (mean=5.16)×4.23-5.29 μm (mean=4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07±0.06 (n=400). oocysts of c. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week- ...201223021264
partial genome analysis of murine gammaherpesvirus 4556.murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) -infected mouse is an animal model of gammaherpesvirus infection in man and domestic animals. murine gammaherpesvirus 4556 (mhv-4556), isolated from apodemus flavicollis ticks has been considered a close relative of mhv-68 but different in some features of infection in vitro and in vivo. previous comparison of mhv-4556 with mhv-68 has revealed their diversity in immune evasion protein mk3. in this study, hindiii and ecori restriction profiles of the mhv-4556 g ...201223043597
new for the fauna of poland species of psorergates spp. with the data of occurrence of mites from psorergatidae family (acari, prostigmata) in native mammals.five species of skin mites from psorergatidae family have been found in four rodent species (apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus, mus musculus, myodes glareolus) coming from northern part of poland. three species (psorergates microti, p. musculinus, p. simplex) appeared to be new ones for the fauna of poland. moreover a. sylvaticus and m. glareolus are a new hosts for p. apodemi, p. muricola, p. microti and p. musculinus from poland. all developmental stages with immature stages predominance wer ...201223094332
tick parasites of rodents in romania: host preferences, community structure and geographical distribution.ticks are among the most important vectors of zoonotic diseases in temperate regions of europe, with widespread distribution and high densities, posing an important medical risk. most ticks feed on a variety of progressively larger hosts, with a large number of small mammal species typically harbouring primarily the immature stages. however, there are certain ixodidae that characteristically attack micromammals also during their adult stage. rodents are widespread hosts of ticks, important vecto ...201223171665
the functional importance of sequence versus expression variability of mhc alleles in parasite resistance.understanding selection processes driving the pronounced allelic polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes and its functional associations to parasite load have been the focus of many recent wildlife studies. two main selection scenarios are currently debated which explain the susceptibility or resistance to parasite infections either by the effects of (1) specific mhc alleles which are selected frequency-dependent in space and time or (2) a heterozygote or divergent allel ...201223180005
candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in rodents in an area with sympatric existence of the hard ticks ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus, germany.candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis (cnm) has been described in the hard tick ixodes ricinus and rodents as well as in some severe cases of human disease. the aims of this study were to identify dna of cnm in small mammals, the ticks parasitizing them and questing ticks in areas with sympatric existence of ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus in germany.201223216786
mast pulses shape trophic interactions between fluctuating rodent populations in a primeval forest.how different functional responses of consumers exploiting pulsed resources affect community dynamics is an ongoing question in ecology. tree masting is a common resource pulse in terrestrial ecosystems that can drive rodent population cycles. using stable isotope (δ(13)c, δ(15)n) analyses, we investigated the dietary response of two fluctuating rodent species, the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis and the bank vole myodes glareolus, to mast events in białowieża forest (ne poland). rodent ...201223251475
habitat-specific shaping of proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of wild rodents.daily life of wild mammals is characterized by a multitude of attractive and aversive stimuli. the hippocampus processes complex polymodal information associated with such stimuli and mediates adequate behavioral responses. how newly generated hippocampal neurons in wild animals contribute to hippocampal function is still a subject of debate. here, we test the relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis (ahn) and habitat types. to this end, we compare wild muridae species of southern afr ...201323616743
coevolution of cryptosporidium tyzzeri and the house mouse (mus musculus).two house mouse subspecies occur in europe, eastern and northern mus musculus musculus (mmm) and western and southern mus musculus domesticus (mmd). a secondary hybrid zone occurs where their ranges meet, running from scandinavia to the black sea. in this paper, we tested a hypothesis that the apicomplexan protozoan species cryptosporidium tyzzeri has coevolved with the house mouse. more specifically, we assessed to what extent the evolution of this parasite mirrors divergence of the two subspec ...201323791796
the propensity of voles and mice to transmit borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection to feeding ticks.lyme borreliosis (lb) caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is the most common tick-borne zoonosis in the northern hemisphere. b. burgdorferi s.l. can infect humans and wild and domestic animals. ixodes ricinus is the main vector, and small rodents are the most important mammalian reservoirs hosts of b. burgdorferi s.l. in europe. the prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l. in i. ricinus ticks from captured rodents, calculated specific infectivities, and transmission coefficients we ...201323849517
complete genome sequence of tick-borne encephalitis virus strain a104 isolated from a yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) in austria.tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) strain a104 was isolated from the brain of a yellow-necked mouse in austria in 1990. the complete genome sequence was 11,097 nucleotides long. comparison with tbev prototype strain neudoerfl showed 32 amino acid exchanges and the absence of an internal poly(a) stretch within the 3' noncoding region.201323929473
the occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in certain ectoparasites (mesostigmata, siphonaptera) of apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus in chosen localities in the czech republic.ticks represent the primary vectors of several serious diseases, including the lyme disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bbsl). in this study two dominant ectoparasitic groups of arthropods (mesostigmata, siphonaptera) were investigated for the presence of borrelian dna in order to determine their potential role of vectors (or carriers) of this bacterium. all individuals (235) were collected from wild-living rodents obtained in three localities in the czech republic (bažantula, bab ...201323990432
a small scale survey of leptospira in mammals from eastern poland.samples of 30 dead small mammals each were collected on area 'a' located in eastern poland and exposed to floods by the vistula river, and on area 'b', also located in eastern poland, but not exposed to floods. kidneys and livers of the mammals were examined by the pcr and nested pcr methods for the presence of leptospira dna. from 7 species of small mammals examined, the presence of leptospira dna was detected in 2 of them. the prevalence of positive results was greatest in apodemus agrarius wh ...201324364438
dobrava-belgrade virus in apodemus flavicollis and a. uralensis mice, turkey.in 2009, human dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) infections were reported on the black sea coast of turkey. serologic and molecular studies of potential rodent reservoirs demonstrated dobv infections in apodemus flavicollis and a. uralensis mice. phylogenetic analysis of dobv strains showed their similarity to a. flavicollis mice-borne dobv in greece, slovenia, and slovakia.201424377763
small mammals as biomonitors of metal pollution: a case study in slovenia.the transfer of lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, copper and molybdenum from soil to the tissues of small mammals inhabiting differently polluted areas in slovenia was investigated. metals were determined in soil samples and in the livers of 139 individuals of five small mammal species, collected in 2012 in the vicinity of a former lead smelter, the largest slovenian thermal power plant, along a main road and in a control area. the area in the vicinity of former lead smelter differs considerably fro ...201424619365
dobrava virus carried by the yellow-necked field mouse apodemus flavicollis, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in romania.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) has been confirmed by serological methods during recent years in romania. in the present study, focus-reduction neutralization tests (frnt) confirmed dobrava hantavirus (dobv) as the causative agent in some hfrs cases, but could not distinguish between dobv and saaremaa virus (saav) infections in other cases. dobv was detected by a dobv-specific taqman assay in sera of nine patients out of 22 tested. partial sequences of the m genomic segment of dobv ...201424746107
genetic detection of dobrava-belgrade hantavirus in the edible dormouse (glis glis) in central serbia.hantaviruses are endemic in the balkans, particularly in serbia, where sporadic cases and/or outbreaks of hantaviral human disease have been reported repeatedly, and evidenced serologically. here, we present genetic detection of dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) hantaviral sequences in wild rodents trapped in central serbia. all the animals were pre-screened serologically by indirect immunofluorescence (if) test and only those with a positive finding of hantaviral antigens were further tested by pol ...201524762257
high infection rate of bank voles (myodes glareolus) with puumala virus is associated with a winter outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia.an outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) started on medvednica mountain near zagreb in january 2012. in order to detect the aetiological agent of the disease in small rodents and to make the link with the human outbreak, rodents were trapped at four different altitudes. using nested rt-pcr, puumala virus (puuv) rna was detected in 41/53 (77·4%) bank voles (myodes glareolus) and dobrava virus (dobv) rna was found in 6/61 (9·8%) yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis). sequen ...201424800636
[investigation of the presence of francisella tularensis by culture, serology and molecular methods in mice of thrace region, turkey].tularemia is a disease that has been reported in turkey since 1936. although mice are considered to have a role in the transmission of francisella tularensis to man, this has not been exactly confirmed yet. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of f. tularensis in mice by using culture, serology and molecular methods. for this purpose, four villages (edirne-demirkoy, kirklareli-kaynarca, tekirdag-muzruplu, tekirdag-sinanli) were selected in thrace region of turkey where tularemia ...201424819259
genetic analysis of dobrava-belgrade virus from western serbia--a newly detected focus in the balkan peninsula.dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) is a hantavirus species that causes the most severe form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe. dobv has been detected in three apodemus rodents: a. flavicollis, a. agrarius and a. ponticus. these emerging viruses appear throughout the balkan peninsula including serbia as its central part. in this study, we examined the seroprevalence, molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of dobv from a. flavicollis captured at six serbian localities. furthe ...201524867363
surveillance of hantaviruses in poland: a study of animal reservoirs and human hantavirus disease in subcarpathia.the first cluster of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in poland was identified in 2007 in the subcarpathian region. the natural environment of this area is a key habitat for hantavirus vectors. the animal reservoir of existing human hfrs clusters was studied to assess the occurrence of viruses (including tula virus, puumala virus, and dobrava-belgrade virus) among rodents. we examined 70 suspected human cases with symptoms corresponding to the clinical picture of hfrs. serological an ...201424902039
multiple infections of rodents with zoonotic pathogens in austria.rodents are important reservoirs for a large number of zoonotic pathogens. we examined the occurrence of 11 viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents in rodent populations in austria, including three different hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopox virus, leptospira spp., borrelia spp., rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and toxoplasma gondii. in 2008, 110 rodents of four species (40 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus flavicollis, 26 apodemus sylvaticus, and ...201424915446
leptospira spp. in rodents and shrews in germany.leptospirosis is an acute, febrile disease occurring in humans and animals worldwide. leptospira spp. are usually transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the urine of infected reservoir animals. among wildlife species, rodents act as the most important reservoir for both human and animal infection. to gain a better understanding of the occurrence and distribution of pathogenic leptospires in rodent and shrew populations in germany, kidney specimens of 2973 animals from 11 of the 16 f ...201425062275
diversity of nematodes in the yellow-necked field mouse apodemus flavicollis from the peripannonic region of serbia.up to six nematode species were identified from 86 specimens of the yellow-necked field mouse apodemus flavicollis from three mountainous localities known as avala, cer and liškovac in serbia. the highest prevalence of infection of 97% was recorded from mt. avala. only one nematode species, syphacia frederici, occurred in all three localities. there was complete overlap in nematode species from mts. avala and liškovac, whereas the taxonomic distinctness of mt. cer was seen in the presence of the ...201625272984
capillaria hhepatica in mouse (apodemus flavicollis) from giresun province of turkey.capillaria hepatica is a nematode with worldwide distribution, which can cause parasitic hepatitis both in animals and humans. a mouse (apodemus flavicollis), trapped in giresun province was diagnosed as having capillariasis due to the characteristic eggs found in its liver. this is the first reported case of mouse capillariasis in this part of the country. due to the fact that capillariasis is a zoonotic disease, humans might be also infested; therefore, further investigations are needed.201425308463
possible influence of b chromosomes on genes included in immune response and parasite burden in apodemus flavicollis.genetic background underlying wild populations immune response to different parasites is still not well understood. we studied immune response to multiple infections and to competition between different parasite species at different developmental stages in population of yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis. quantitative real-time pcr was used to investigate associations of mhc ii-drb, il-10 and tgf-β genes expressions with presence of intestinal parasites at different developmental stages. ...201425372668
pattern of tick aggregation on mice: larger than expected distribution tail enhances the spread of tick-borne pathogens.the spread of tick-borne pathogens represents an important threat to human and animal health in many parts of eurasia. here, we analysed a 9-year time series of ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on apodemus flavicollis mice (main reservoir-competent host for tick-borne encephalitis, tbe) sampled in trentino (northern italy). the tail of the distribution of the number of ticks per host was fitted by three theoretical distributions: negative binomial (nb), poisson-lognormal (poiln), and power-law (pl). ...201425393293
sex differences in flea infections among rodent hosts: is there a male bias?recognizing patterns of parasite distribution among wildlife hosts is of major importance due to growing risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. thus, sex-dependent parasite distribution in higher vertebrates is extensively studied, and males are often found more parasitized than females. male-biased parasitism may be the result of weaker immunocompetence of male hosts owing to the immunosuppressive effect of androgens. moreover, larger hosts (males) may demonstrate higher parasite ...201525410932
candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum in natural rodent and tick communities in southern hungary.the aim of this study was to investigate the natural cycle of the new human pathogenic bacteria candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum in southern hungary. we collected rodents with live-traps (2010-2013) and questing ticks with flagging in 2012. small mammals were euthanized, tissue samples were collected and all the ectoparasites were removed and stored in 70% alcohol. we found relatively low overall prevalence of tick infestation (8%). samples were analysed for a. ph ...201525468763
bank voles show high seropositivity rates in a natural tbev focus in hungary.rodents captured in a known tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) focus were serologically surveyed for 4 years, with 28 visits. the collected sera were analysed by virus neutralization test. bank vole (myodes glareolus) had a significantly higher incidence rate of antibodies to tbev (20.5%) than apodemus flavicollis (3.7%) and apodemus agrarius (4.6%). in all species, rates were higher in adults (6.8%) than in juveniles (1.7%). a higher incidence rate was observed in female a. flavicollis indivi ...201525549698
isospora streperae n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from a grey currawong (strepera versicolour plumbea) (passeriformes: artamidae) in western australia.a new species, isospora streperae n. sp., (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) is described from a single grey currawong bird (strepera versicolour) (subspecies s. v. plumbea) in western australia. sporulated oocysts (n = 32) are spherical to subspherical, with smooth colourless bilayered oocyst wall, 1.0 µm thick (outer layer 0⋅8 µm, inner 0.2 µm thick). oocyst with a polar granule, an oocyst residuum and two spheroidal to subspheroidal sporocysts. oocyst length, 23.8 (20.4-25.0) µm; oocyst width, 22.5 (2 ...201525620542
correction: possible influence of b chromosomes on genes included in immune response and parasite burden in apodemus flavicollis. 201525837825
molecular examinations of babesia microti in rodents and rodent-attached ticks from urban and sylvatic habitats in germany.small mammals serve as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens, especially for those which are not transmitted transovarially in ticks - such as babesia microti. molecular investigations on the prevalence of b. microti in wild small mammals and on attached ticks from differently structured areas may provide information on the circulation of b. microti in different ecological niches. in 2012 and 2013, 622 rodents (396 myodes glareolus, 178 apodemus flavicollis, 36 apodemus sylvaticus, 4 apodemus ...201525922232
[cytogenetic indices for somatic mutagenesis in mammals exposed to chronic low-dose irradiation].we used cytogenetic analysis in the studies of the biological effects of a radiation factor of natural and artificial origin (under conditions ofthe 30-km exclusion zone ofthe chernobyl experimental landfills in ukraine, belarus and russia). the studies have been performed on various types of mammals: domestic animals--cows, pigs, horses and rodents--root voles, the af mouse line, and yellow necked field mouse, bank voles. we found significant changes in the level of mn and chromosomal aberratio ...201625962274
anaplasma phagocytophilum prevalence in ticks and rodents in an urban and natural habitat in south-western slovakia.ixodes ricinus is the principal vector of anaplasma phagocytophilum, the ethiological agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in europe. anaplasmosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with a natural enzootic cycle. the reservoir competence of rodents is unclear. monitoring of a. phagocytophilum prevalence in i. ricinus and rodents in various habitat types of slovakia may contribute to the knowledge about the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in central europe.201525980768
host preferences of immature dermacentor reticulatus (acari: ixodidae) in a forest habitat in germany.dermacentor reticulatus is widespread throughout europe and is expanding its range in several european countries. it is associated with a number of different pathogens. its role in the transmission of disease to humans is currently small; however, it might play an important role in the maintenance of pathogens in enzootic cycles. the ecology of d. reticulatus, especially of the immatures, is not well known. in this study, ticks from small mammals, caught in a capture-mark-release study between m ...201525983104
host-associated differences in morphometric traits of parasitic larvae hirsutiella zachvatkini (actinotrichida: trombiculidae).examination of host-associated variation in the chigger mite hirsutiella zachvatkini (schluger) revealed morphological differences among larvae infesting sympatric hosts: apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus. the analysis included 61 variables of larvae obtained from their gnathosoma, idiosoma and legs (measurements and counts). statistically significant differences were observed for metric characters of the legs as opposed to the scutum. in view of the conspecificity of ...201526002309
eco-epidemiology of borrelia miyamotoi and lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a popular hunting and recreational forest area in hungary.borrelia miyamotoi, the newly discovered human pathogenic relapsing fever spirochete, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are maintained in natural rodent populations. the aim of this study was to investigate the natural cycle of b. miyamotoi and b. burgdorferi s.l. in a forest habitat with intensive hunting, forestry work and recreational activity in southern hungary.201526048373
recent increase in prevalence of antibodies to dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) in yellow-necked mice in northern italy.dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) is the most pathogenic hantavirus in europe with a case-fatality rate of up to 12%. to detect changes in risk for humans, the prevalence of antibodies to dobv has been monitored in a population of apodemus flavicollis in the province of trento (northern italy) since 2000, and a sudden increase was observed in 2010. in the 13-year period of this study, 2077 animals were live-trapped and mean hantavirus seroprevalence was 2·7% (s.e. = 0·3%), ranging from 0% (in 2000, ...201526050717
risk assessment of metals and pahs for receptor organisms in differently polluted areas in slovenia.samples from receptor organisms (small mammals, passerine birds) and their food sources (herbaceous plants, leaves and fruits of wood plants, earthworms) were collected during 2011-2014 from the vicinity of a former lead smelter, from the vicinity of the largest slovenian thermal power plant, from along a state road and also from a reference area. the samples were then analysed to determine the degree of contamination with the metals (pb, cd, zn, hg, cu, mo) and with polycyclic aromatic hydrocar ...201526086372
interactions between multiple helminths and the gut microbiota in wild rodents.the gut microbiota is vital to host health and, as such, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms altering its composition and diversity. intestinal helminths are host immunomodulators and have evolved both temporally and spatially in close association with the gut microbiota, resulting in potential mechanistic interplay. host-helminth and host-microbiota interactions are comparatively well-examined, unlike microbiota-helminth relationships, which typically focus on experimental infection wit ...201526150661
occurrence and maintenance of hantavirus infections among rodent populations in their natural habitat--results of a field study from podkarpackie province, poland 2010-2012.human cases of hantavirus infection have been reported annually in poland's podkarpackie province, since 2007. in 2014 the number of cases reported significantly increased prompting a rise in studies focusing on the infection.201526233088
further investigation of risk elements content in the bones of wild rodents from a polluted area in slovakia.wild rodents are suitable for monitoring environmental pollution and exposure risk assessment for people living in contaminated areas. the content of selected risk elements in the femora of bank vole (myodes glareolus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) was estimated from the kolíňany area of slovakia, which is characterized by a high degree of environmental pollution. the rodents were trapped in february 2011 using standard theriological methods. al ...201526303124
isospora serinuse n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from a domestic canary (serinus canaria forma domestica) (passeriformes: fringillidae) in western australia.a new species, isospora serinuse n. sp., (apicomplexa:eimeriidae) is described from a single domestic canary (serinus canaria forma domestica) (subspecies s. c. domestica) in western australia. sporulated oocysts of isospora serinuse n. sp. are spherical or subspherical, 25.5 (24.4-27.0) × 23.5 (22.0-24.8) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.09; and a smooth bilayered oocyst wall, 1.2 μm thick (outer layer 0.9 μm, inner 0.3 μm). a polar granule is present, but a micropyle and oocyst resid ...201526325434
rickettsia species in fleas collected from small mammals in slovakia.epidemiological and epizootiological studies of rickettsia felis and other rickettsia spp. are very important, because their natural cycle has not yet been established completely. in total, 315 fleas (siphonaptera) of 11 species of ceratophyllidae, hystrichopsyllidae and leptopsyllidae families were tested for the presence of rickettsia species and coxiella burnetii with conventional and specific quantitative real-time pcr assays. fleas were collected from five rodent hosts (myodes glareolus, ap ...201526346455
prevalence of infection with rickettsia helvetica in ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on non-rickettsiemic rodent hosts in sylvatic habitats of west-central poland.ixodes ricinus is the most prevalent and widely distributed tick species in european countries and plays a principal role in transmission of a wide range of microbial pathogens. it is also a main vector and reservoir of rickettsia spp. of the spotted fever group with the infection level ranging in poland from 1.3% to 11.4%. nevertheless, little research has been conducted so far to identify reservoir hosts for these pathogens. a survey was undertaken to investigate the presence of rickettsia spp ...201626515058
diversity of enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes among small rodents in southwestern poland.diversity of enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in wild small rodent populations still remains incomplete and only few molecular studies have been conducted among these hosts. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether small rodents, i.e., apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, mus musculus and myodes glareolus act as hosts of e. bieneusi and can play an important role in spore spreading in the environment of south-western poland. molecular analyses were conducted to determine pa ...201526520234
advantages of masting in european beech: timing of granivore satiation and benefits of seed caching support the predator dispersal hypothesis.the predator satiation and predator dispersal hypotheses provide alternative explanations for masting. both assume satiation of seed-eating vertebrates. they differ in whether satiation occurs before or after seed removal and caching by granivores (predator satiation and predator dispersal, respectively). this difference is largely unrecognized, but it is demographically important because cached seeds are dispersed and often have a microsite advantage over nondispersed seeds. we conducted rodent ...201626612728
presence of candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and babesia microti in rodents and two tick species (ixodes ricinus and ixodes trianguliceps) in slovakia.rodents are important reservoir hosts of many tick-borne pathogens. their importance in the circulation of the emerging bacterial agent, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, babesia microti has been recently proposed. the aim of the present study was to identify the presence and genetic diversity of candidatus n. mikurensis and b. microti circulating in the natural foci among rodents and two species of ixodid ticks (ixodes ricinus and ixodes triangulic ...201626700195
molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in croatia.croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 myodes glareolus, 131 apodemus flavicollis, 53 apodemus agrarius, three apodemus sylvaticus, six sorex araneus, four microtus arvalis, one microtus agrestis, and one muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in croatia over an 8-year period. multiplex masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of borrelia, rickettsia, bartonella, babesia, ehrlich ...201626711522
candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks and rodents from urban and natural habitats of south-western slovakia.candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis (cnm) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen causing severe disease in immunocompromised patients. in europe, ixodes ricinus is the primary vector and rodents act as reservoir hosts. new data on the prevalence of cnm in ticks and rodents contribute to the knowledge on the distribution of endemic areas and circulation of the bacterium in natural foci.201626728197
host-parasite association in trombiculid mites (actinotrichida: trombiculidae) of temperate zone - the case of hirsutiella zachvatkini (schluger, 1948); are we dealing with prolonged contact with the host?the time-extended contact of trombiculid larvae with hosts poses a question of its ecological determinants. the phenomenon, which may facilitate the overwintering of larvae in the temperate zone, was previously observed in few parasitengone taxa, but not confirmed for mammal-associated trombiculids. the study aims at tracing the phenology of larvae of hirsutiella zachvatkini and at verifying the hypothesis of contact with the host, extending beyond the parasitic phase.201626830356
identification of hepatozoon erhardovae krampitz, 1964 from bank voles (myodes glareolus) and fleas in southern hungary.in order to investigate the prevalence and life cycle of apicomplexan parasites, small mammals were live-trapped with modified sherman traps in southern hungary between 2010 and 2012. altogether, 528 rodents (apodemus flavicollis melchior, 1834, apodemus agrarius pallas, 1771, myodes glareolus schreber, 1780, microtus agrestis linnaeus, 1761, mus musculus linnaeus, 1758 and micromys minutus pallas, 1771) were collected and four shrews (sorex spp.) were by-catched. captured animals belonging to n ...201627003406
morphological and molecular characterization of isospora neochmiae n. sp. in a captive-bred red-browed finch (neochmia temporalis) (latham, 1802).a new isospora (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) species is described from a single red-browed finch (neochmia temporalis) (subspecies n. temporalis temporalis), that was part of a captive population in western australia. sporulated oocysts of this isolate are spherical, 18.3 (18.2-18.9) × 18.2 (18.2-18.6) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.0; and a smooth and bilayered oocyst wall, 1.2 μm thick (outer layer 0.9 μm, inner 0.3 μm). a polar granule is present, but the oocyst residuum and a micropy ...201627107929
[optimization of elisa and immunoblot methods for the detection of igg antibodies against old world hantaviruses in wild rodents].hantaviruses infect humans via inhalation of viral particles in infected rodents' secretions such as saliva, urine and faeces or via direct contact with infected rodents. the rodent species that are known as the carriers of dobrava (dobv), puumala (puuv), saaremaa (saav), tula (tulv) and seoul (seov) viruses are found in our country. the presence of specific antibodies against hantaviruses have been demonstrated in rodents collected from black sea and aegean regions of turkey in 2004 for the fir ...201627175497
the impact of great cormorants on biogenic pollution of land ecosystems: stable isotope signatures in small mammals.studying the isotopic composition of the hair of two rodent species trapped in the territories of great cormorant colonies, we aimed to show that great cormorants transfer biogens from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial ecosystems, and that these substances reach small mammals through the trophic cascade, thus influencing the nutrient balance in the terrestrial ecosystem. analysis of δ(13)c and δ(15)n was performed on two dominant species of small mammals, apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolu ...201627179319
babesia spp. in ticks and wildlife in different habitat types of slovakia.babesiosis is an emerging and potentially zoonotic disease caused by tick-borne piroplasmids of the babesia genus. new genetic variants of piroplasmids with unknown associations to vectors and hosts are recognized. data on the occurrence of babesia spp. in ticks and wildlife widen the knowledge on the geographical distribution and circulation of piroplasmids in natural foci. questing and rodent-attached ticks, rodents, and birds were screened for the presence of babesia-specific dna using molecu ...201627207099
bartonella, rodents, fleas and ticks: a molecular field study on host-vector-pathogen associations in saxony, eastern germany.bartonellae cause zoonotic diseases and are transmitted by arthropods. rodents are reservoirs for most bartonella spp. as the knowledge about bartonella in rodents and their parasitizing ectoparasites is scarce in germany, this study's objectives were to investigate bartonella spp. in small mammals and in their ectoparasites. a total of 79 small mammals (seven species) were captured and their ectoparasites collected at seven sites around leipzig, saxony, germany, in 2010 and 2011. altogether, 79 ...201627220973
molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatozoon spp. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents from slovakia and czech republic.by amplification and sequencing of 18s rrna gene fragments, hepatozoon spp. dna was detected in 0.08 % (4/5057) and 0.04 % (1/2473) of questing ixodes ricinus ticks from slovakia and czech republic, respectively. hepatozoon spp. dna was also detected in spleen and/or lungs of 4.45 % (27/606) of rodents from slovakia. prevalence of infection was significantly higher in myodes glareolus (11.45 %) than in apodemus spp. (0.28 %) (p < 0.001). sequencing of 18s rrna hepatozoon spp. gene amplicons from ...201627245074
genetic detection of hantaviruses in rodents, albania.in order to have a first insight into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in albania, 263 small mammals (248 rodents, 15 insectivores) were captured in 352 locations in 29 districts and tested for hantavirus infection. dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) was detected in 10 of 148 (6.7%) apodemus flavicollis rodents. dobv-positive a. flavicollis were detected in six districts (diber, korce, kolonje, librazhd, pogradec, and vlore). the obtained nucleotide sequences were highly similar to each other and to ...201627249068
hantavirus in new geographic regions, sweden.in sweden, human cases of puumala hantavirus (puuv) infections are reported from the northern endemic regions. we found hantavirus-specific antibodies in yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) trapped in human dwellings in the surroundings of the cities of uppsala and stockholm, which are situated far south from the traditional endemic areas of puuv. because the yellow-necked mouse is the most common rodent in human dwellings, hantaviruses in this rodent species may be important for the publi ...201627258208
exploring supernumeraries - a new marker for screening of b-chromosomes presence in the yellow necked mouse apodemus flavicollis.since the density of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) may vary between different chromosomes of the same species in eukaryotic genomes, we screened ssrs of the whole genome of the yellow necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis, in order to reveal ssr profiles specific for animals carrying b chromosomes. we found that the 2200 bp band was amplified by primer (cag)4ac to a highly increased level in samples with b chromosomes. this quantitative difference (b-marker) between animals with (+b) and without ( ...201627551940
borrelia miyamotoi and co-infection with borrelia afzelii in ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents from slovakia.borrelia miyamotoi causes relapsing fever in humans. the occurrence of this spirochete has been reported in ixodes ricinus and wildlife, but there are still gaps in the knowledge of its eco-epidemiology and public health impact. in the current study, questing i. ricinus (nymphs and adults) and skin biopsies from rodents captured in slovakia were screened for the presence of b. miyamotoi and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. dna. the prevalence of b. miyamotoi and b. burgdorferi s.l. in questing ticks wa ...201727995301
negative effects of density on space use of small mammals differ with the phase of the masting-induced population cycle.home range size generally decreases with increasing population density, but testing how this relationship is influenced by other factors (e.g., food availability, kin structure) is a difficult task. we used spatially explicit capture-recapture models to examine how home range size varies with population density in the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis). the relationship between population density and home range size was studied at two distinct phases of population fluctuations induced by ...201628031794
population dynamics of wild rodents induce stochastic fadeouts of a zoonotic pathogen.stochastic processes play an important role in the infectious disease dynamics of wildlife, especially in species subject to large population oscillations. here, we study the case of a free ranging population of yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) in northern italy, where circulation of dobrava-belgrade hantavirus (dobv) has been detected intermittently since 2001, until an outbreak emerged in 2010. we analysed the transmission dynamics of the recent outbreak using a computational model th ...201728217934
 in the biggest forest of west berlin, the grunewald, with an area of 3100 ha, the yellow-necked field mouse (apodemus flavicollis) is the most abundant vertebrate. from 1952 to 1973 i collected owl pellets (9/10 of which were tawny owl pellets) from the west berlin area, and found in them 35041 vertebrates. during the investigation it was found that the actual percentage of apodemus flavicollis in the total prey from the nesting tawny olws (strix aluco) in the grunewald showed a noticeable peak ...197528308703
cyclic population changes in three mouse species in the same woodland.in two forest areas of west berlin the population-changes in three mouse species have been investigated over 28 years (1952-1979). significant changes in absolute density have been established for the short-tailed vole (microtus agrestis) at 5-year intervals, for the common vole (microtus arvalis) at 4-year intervals, and for the yellow-necked field mouse (apodemus flavicollis) at 3-year intervals. the investigations were based on a total of 43,535 small vertebrates, 90% of which had been found ...198128309926
seed fate in a population of carex pilulifera l. : ii. seed predation and its consequences for dispersal and seed bank.seed predation of the myrmecochorous carex pilulifera (cyperaceae) was studied in a wood land area in ne zealand, denmark. experiments demonstrated that predation by mice, sylvaemus flavicollis, and ground beetles, harpalus fuliginosus, reduced the seed pool of a c. pilulifera population by approx. 21% and 65%, respectively. the use of exclosure experiments in studies of predation is discussed and criticized. evidence indicated only a small degree of competitive interaction between the two preda ...198528311578
the origin of b chromosomes in yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis)-break rules but keep playing the game.b chromosomes (bs) are known for more than hundred years but their origin, structure and pattern of evolution are not well understood. in the past few years new methodological approaches, involving isolation of bs followed by whole dna amplification, dna probe generation, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) or the b chromosome dna sequencing, has allowed detailed analysis of their origin and molecular structure in different species. in this study we explored the origin of bs in the yell ...201728329013
leptospira spp. in small mammals from areas with low and high human hantavirus incidences in south-west germany.leptospirosis is caused by leptospira spp. and is considered the most widespread zoonotic disease worldwide. it mimics nephropathia epidemica in humans, a disease mainly caused by puumala hantavirus (puuv). small mammals are reservoirs for leptospira spp. and puuv. seewis virus (swsv) is a shrew-borne hantavirus with unknown pathogenicity. the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence for leptospira spp. and the frequency of leptospira-hantavirus co-infections in small mammals colle ...201728332927
molecular evidence of rickettsia spp. in ixodid ticks and rodents in suburban, natural and rural habitats in slovakia.natural foci of tick-borne spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae of public health concern have been found in slovakia, but the role of rodents in their circulation is unclear. ticks (ixodes ricinus, ixodes trianguliceps, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis concinna and haemaphysalis inermis) and tissues of rodents (apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, myodes glareolus, microtus arvalis, microtus subterraneus and micromys minutus) were examined for the presence of ...201728340608
the adult and immature stages of the new species of the genus demodex (acariformes: demodecidae) with data on parasitism, topography, and topical specificity of demodecid mites in the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (rodentia: muridae).demodex mollis n. sp. is described from the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (melchior, 1834) from poland. it is a medium-sized demodecid mite (adult stages are on average 249 µm long) observed in the skin of the eyelid area. the new species is most similar to two other species occupying similar microhabitat in hosts of the same genus - demodex lacrimalis lukoschus and jongman, 1974 from apodemus sylvaticus linnaeus, 1758 and demodex huttereri mertens, lukoschus and nutting, 1983 from ap ...201728399378
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