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preferential segregation of metacentric chromosomes in simple robertsonian heterozygotes of sorex araneus.one of the hypotheses explaining preferential transmission of metacentrics among simple robertsonian (rb) heterozygotes of the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) invokes the existence of meiotic drive. thus far, evidence that metacentrics are favoured at meiosis has been obtained indirectly, on the basis of crosses made under controlled conditions. the aim of the present work was to test the hypothesis in a direct study. we analysed products of chromosome segregation among 12 simple heterozygote ma ...200717700635
[helminth fauna in insectivores (mammalia: insectivora) of canal banks in meliorated territories].helminth fauna of insectivora was investigated in canal banks situated in meliorated territories of belorussian polesie during 1996-1999. thirty-three helminth species were found in the animals examined. most of the parasites are usual in common shrew sorex araneus l., which is a predominate insectivore species in canal banks.201017722640
the very long telomeres in sorex granarius (soricidae, eulipothyphla) contain ribosomal dna.two closely related shrew species, sorex granarius and sorex araneus, in which robertsonian rearrangements have played a primary role in karyotype evolution, present very distinct telomere length patterns. s. granarius displays hyperlong telomeres specifically associated with the short arms of acrocentrics, whereas telomere lengths in s. araneus are rather short and homogenous. using a combined approach of chromosome and fibre fish, modified q-fish, 3d-fish, ag-nor staining and trf analysis, we ...200717899406
chromosomal "system mutations" in the common shrew (sorex araneus l., insectivora) populations from the upper volga basin. 200717929669
seewis virus, a genetically distinct hantavirus in the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus).more than 20 years ago, hantaviral antigens were reported in tissues of the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus), eurasian water shrew (neomys fodiens) and common mole (talpa europea), suggesting that insectivores, or soricomorphs, might serve as reservoirs of unique hantaviruses. using rt-pcr, sequences of a genetically distinct hantavirus, designated seewis virus (swsv), were amplified from lung tissue of a eurasian common shrew, captured in october 2006 in graubünden, switzerland. pair-wise ...200717967200
endemic chromosome races of the common shrew sorex araneus l. (insectivora, mammalia) and the possible preservation of refugia in the late valdai glaciation area. 201718047030
[structure of populations and ecological nishes of ectoparasites in the parasite communities of small forest mammals].the paper reports the results of eight-year investigations on the ectoparasites of rodents and insectivores carried out in southern taiga of the ilmen-volkhov lowland (novgorod region) and kurgolovsky reserve (leningrad region). twelve species of small mammals were captured including three dominate species--bank vole clethrionomys glareolus (2722 specimens), common shrew sorex araneus (1658 specimens), and wood mouse apodemus uralensis (367 specimens). parasite community of the bank vole compris ...200718052001
[helminthofauna of the common shrew sorex araneus l. (soricidae) from samarskaya luka].ecological analysis of the helminthofauna of common shrew sorex araneus l. from samarskaya luka (samara region) has been carried out. twenty-three helminth species are found including 3 species of trematodes, 8 cestodes, 10 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephales. dependence of the structure of helminthofauna on the host age is revealed.200718052006
echinococcus multilocularis in belgium: prevalence in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and in different species of potential intermediate hosts.echinococcus multilocularis causes a rare but potentially lethal zoonotic infection in humans. this tapeworm is known to be endemic in foxes in several countries of western and central europe. in western europe, the common vole (microtus arvalis) and the water vole (arvicola terrestris) are considered to be the most important intermediate host species of this cestode whereas the red fox is by far the most important final host. the purpose of this study was to provide data on the prevalences in w ...200818164551
mandible asymmetry and genetic diversity in island populations of the common shrew, sorex araneus.mandibles from 13 island and six mainland populations of common shrews from the west coast of scotland were subjected to geometric morphometric analysis in order to investigate the relationship between genetic diversity and fluctuating asymmetry. although population mean shape fluctuating asymmetry (fa) and size fa were significantly inversely correlated with population genetic diversity this result was substantially due to one island. sanda, the smallest island with by far the lowest genetic di ...200818194233
recombination map of the common shrew, sorex araneus (eulipotyphla, mammalia).the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus l.) is characterized by spectacular chromosomal variation, both autosomal variation of the robertsonian type and an xx/xy(1)y(2) system of sex determination. it is an important mammalian model of chromosomal and genome evolution as it is one of the few species with a complete genome sequence. here we generate a high-precision cytological recombination map for the species, the third such map produced in mammals, following those for humans and house mice. w ...200818245365
chromosomal rearrangements and genetic structure at different evolutionary levels of the sorex araneus group.robertsonian (rb) fusions received large theoretical support for their role in speciation, but empirical evidence is often lacking. here, we address the role of rb rearrangements on the genetic differentiation of the karyotypically diversified group of shrews, sorex araneus. we compared genetic structure between 'rearranged' and 'common' chromosomes in pairwise comparisons of five karyotypic taxa of the group. considering all possible comparisons, we found a significantly greater differentiation ...200818266682
hybridization of the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) chromosomal races moscow and seliger: the probability of crossing and survival of hybrids. 200718274499
new data on soricimyxum fegati (myxozoa) including analysis of its phylogenetic position inferred from the ssu rrna gene sequence.a myxosporean species found to develop in the liver of 10 out of 24 common shrews, sorex araneus l., caught in south bohemia, czech republic, was identified as soricimyxum fegati prunescu, prunescu, pucek et lom, 2007, the unique representative of the genus and the first myxosporean species known to develop from plasmodia to spores in a terrestrial mammal. the original description of this species, based on fixed material, is supplemented with new data based on fresh material and with partial seq ...200718303768
a new perspective on the evolutionary history of western european sorex araneus group revealed by paternal and maternal molecular markers.the species of the common shrew (sorex araneus) group are morphologically very similar, but have undergone a spectacular chromosomal evolution. we investigate here the evolutionary history of the sorex araneus group distributed in western europe. in particular, we clarify the position of a difficult species, s. granarius, using sex-specific (mtdna and y-chromosome) markers. the karyotype of s. granarius is generally considered similar to the common ancestor of the restricted group considered her ...200818325791
a hybrid zone with coincident clines for autosomal and sex-specific markers in the sorex araneus group.in hybrid zones, endogenous counter-selection of hybrids is usually first expressed as reduced fertility or viability in hybrids of the heterogametic sex, a mechanism known as haldane's rule. this phenomenon often leads to a differential of gene flow between sex-linked markers. here, we address the possibility of a differential gene flow for y chromosome, mtdna and autosomal markers across the hybrid zone between the genetically and chromosomally well-differentiated species sorex antinorii and s ...200818355184
generation recruitment and death of brain cells throughout the life cycle of sorex shrews (lipotyphla).young shrews of the genus sorex that are born in early summer reduce their body size before wintering, including a reduction of brain weight of 10-30%. in the spring they mature sexually, double their body weight and regain about half of the loss in brain weight. to investigate the mechanisms of brain weight oscillations we studied the rate of cell death and generation in the brain during the whole life cycle of the common shrew (sorex araneus) and pygmy shrew (s. minutus). after weaning, shrews ...200818380668
relationships of basal metabolic rate, relative testis size and cycle length of spermatogenesis in shrews (mammalia, soricidae).the aim of the present study was to determinate the cycle length of spermatogenesis in three species of shrew, suncus murinus, sorex coronatus and sorex minutus, and to assess the relative influence of variation in basal metabolic rate (bmr) and mating system (level of sperm competition) on the observed rate of spermatogenesis, including data of shrew species studied before (sorex araneus, crocidura russula and neomys fodiens). the dynamics of sperm production were determined by tracing 5-bromod ...200818402763
the new locality of ixodes apronophorus schulze, 1924 in biebrza national park, poland.the new locality of ixodes apronophorus schulze, 1924 in biebrza national park, poland is recorded. the study was conducted in open wet-meadow habitat (caricetum appropinquatae), in april 2007. the small mammals were caught in live-traps placed at permanent trap stations. the ectoparasites were collected from the fur using combing out method. the adult female, nymphs and larva of ixodes apronophorus were found, feeding on the common shrew sorex araneus.200718441883
[cytogenetic control of a hybrid zone of between two sorex araneus chromosome races before breeding season].two chromosome races of common shrew, moscow and seliger, differ in the arm combination in 11 diagnostic chromosomes (robertsonian metacentrics/acrocentrics). homozygotes of both pure races, simple robertsonian heterozygotes of seliger race, and complex heterozygotes (fi hybrids) were detected in the found earlier between hybrid zone of these races, in the spring before the breeding seasonbreeding season. the g/oheterozygote was first discovered in race seliger, whose chromosome formula typicall ...200718592688
the influence of climatic conditions on long-term changes in the helminth fauna of terrestrial molluscs and the implications for parasite transmission in southern england.the influence of climatic conditions on the prevalence and transmission of helminth parasites in a terrestrial mollusc population was studied in a grassland site in southern england between 1974 and 1983. molluscs were sampled in each september of 5 years over this period (1974, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1983). climatic conditions had a variable effect on parasite prevalence. trematode sporocyst infections increased after wet summer and warm winter conditions and declined in hot, dry periods. cestode in ...200818598579
the taming of the shrew milk teeth.a characteristic feature of mammalian dentition is the evolutionary reduction of tooth number and replacement. because mice do not replace teeth, here we used sorex araneus, the common shrew, as a model to investigate the loss of tooth replacement. historically, shrews have been reported to initiate the development of several, milk or deciduous teeth but these soon become rudimentary and only the replacement teeth erupt. shrews thus offer a living example of a derived mammalian pattern where the ...200818638324
neoskrjabinolepis merkushevae sp. n. (cyclophyllidea: hymenolepididae), a new cestode from shrews from the palaearctic region.neoskrjabinolepis (neoskrjabinolepidoides) merkushevae sp. n. is described from the shrew sorex minutus l. (type host) from belarus. the new species is characterised by rostellar hooks 35-37 microm long, provided with small epiphyseal thickening of the handle; short (35-40 microm) cirrus consisting of a basal part with claw-shaped spines, a parabasal part with thin needle-shaped spines and an unarmed distal part; cirrus-sac slightly passing into median field; and 12-16 eggs per gravid uterus. in ...200818666417
[fixation of metacentric chromosomes in populations of the common shrew sorex araneus l. from populations of eastern europe].in this review, we discuss the processes of fixation of robertsonian chromosome fusions in populations of the common shrew sorex araneus l. various robertsonian fusions, accumulating in populations, create an illusion of large chromosomal rearrangements, reciprocal translocations of complete chromosome arms. the use of these rearrangements for phylogenetic reconstructions results in false conclusions. robertsonian fusions accumulate in populations at such stages of the species evolution, when la ...200818672791
[3d organization of interphase fibroblast nuclei in two closely related shrew species, sorex granarius and s. araneus, differed by the structure of chromosome termini].to study 3d organization of fibroblast interphase nuclei in two sibling shrew species, sorex araneus from cordon race and s. granarius, fish with probe to telomeric and rdna repeats, and immunofluorescence with ana crest and antibodies to nucleolus protein b23 were used. karyotypes of studied species are composed of near identical chromosomal arms and differ by the number of metacentrics and the structure of terminal chromosome regions. the large telomeres containing on the average 218 kbp of te ...200818683589
[distribution of two chromosome races of the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) in the hybrid zone: may a change of the dispersal mode maintain independent gene frequencies?].combination of different dispersal modes may itself, without external obstacles, lead to the appearance of subdivided populations and maintain the existence of independent population systems. the common shrew, a mammal convenient for studying different levels of intraspecific differentiation, was the object of the study. empirical data have been used for simulation taking into account the change of dispersal modes in the population area. the obtained results agree with empirical data on the dist ...200818727383
toxicological risks for small mammals in a diffusely and moderately polluted floodplain.the ecotoxicological risk of heavy metal pollution in diffusely polluted floodplains is largely unclear, as field-based data are scarce. this study investigated cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) accumulation in the liver and kidneys of small mammal species (voles, mice and shrews) from a moderately polluted dutch floodplain. the cd and pb concentrations were compared with effect concentrations (ecs). reported ecs in literature varied considerably, with the lowest values frequently exceeded by our value ...200818789815
robertsonian polymorphism in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) and selective advantage of heterozygotes indicated by their higher maximum metabolic rates.some cases of robertsonian (rb) polymorphism in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) are believed not to be associated with hybrid zones. one of the hypotheses explaining the persistence of such rb polymorphism is that they are maintained by some form of selection for rb heterozygotes. to test this hypothesis, we compared several parameters between homozygotes and rb heterozygotes for the mp chromosome pair. we used shrews from jurowce population in poland, situated within the range of the białow ...200918827836
composition and function of haemolymphatic tissues in the european common shrew.studies of wild animals responding to their native parasites are essential if we are to understand how the immune system functions in the natural environment. while immune defence may bring increased survival, this may come at a resource cost to other physiological traits, including reproduction. here, we tested the hypothesis that wild common shrews (sorex araneus), which produce large numbers of offspring during the one breeding season of their short life span, forgo investment in immunity and ...200818923707
chromosomal races of the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) inhabiting northeastern european russia: do physical obstacles restrict their distribution? 200819024692
sex chromosome meiotic drive in hybrid males of the common shrew (sorex araneus).patterns of sex chromosome segregation in six homozygous males of the common shrew (sorex araneus linnaeus, 1758) belonging to two chromosomal races, as well as in 16 interracial hybrids were studied. based on their karyotypes the hybrids can be subdivided into two groups: (a) complex heterozygotes, which form meiotic quadrivalents in chain and chain + ring configurations, and (b) complex heterozygotes, which form meiotic pentavalents in chain configurations. random (1:1) segregation of sex chro ...200519058534
livestock grazing intensity affects abundance of common shrews (sorex araneus) in two meadows in denmark.current nature conservation in semi-natural grasslands often includes grazing and hay cutting, as well as the abandonment of draining. semi-natural grassland and in particular meadows constitute important habitat type for a large number of animal species in today's fragmented and intensively cultivated landscape of europe. here we focus on the population characteristics of common shrews sorex araneus in relation to livestock grazing intensity in two wet meadows in western denmark.200919152713
chromosomal rearrangements and gene flow over time in an inter-specific hybrid zone of the sorex araneus group.most hybrid zones have existed for hundreds or thousands of years but have generally been observed for only a short time period. studies extending over periods long enough to track evolutionary changes in the zones or assess the ultimate outcome of hybridization are scarce. here, we describe the evolution over time of the level of genetic isolation between two karyotypically different species of shrews (sorex araneus and sorex antinorii) at a hybrid zone located in the swiss alps. we first evalu ...200919240751
the first finding of myxosporean development from plasmodia to spores in terrestrial mammals: soricimyxum fegati gen. et sp. n. (myxozoa) from sorex araneus (soricomorpha).soricimyxum fegati gen. et sp. n. is a new myxosporean (myxozoa) species discovered in the liver of shrews, sorex araneus l., collected in the bialowieza primeval forest (poland). both developmental stages and mature spores were found during a histological study. the infection had about 40% prevalence at the investigated locality. plasmodia were polysporic. elongated plasmodia with an average size of 30 by 8 microm occupied bile ducts and larger rounded plasmodia up to 80 microm in diameter were ...200719245186
whole-arm reciprocal translocation in a hybrid population of sorex araneus.a whole-arm reciprocal translocation (wart) between the metacentric chromosomes af and hk is described for a single hybrid between chromosome races drnholec and łegucki młyn. this translocation resulted in the metacentric chromosomes ah and fk, previously unknown in sorex araneus. this study provides a description of an unambiguous case of a wart in s. araneus, a phenomenon that has recently been suggested to play a significant role in generating of chromosome races in this species.200919333767
cornea, retina, and lens morphology in five soricidae species (soricomorpha: mammalia).we analyzed the cornea, retina, and lens of five species of soricidae (pygmy shrew, sorex minutus; common shrew, sorex araneus; millet's shrew, sorex coronatus; water shrew, neomys fodiens; greater white-toothed shrew, crocidura russula) by light and electron microscopy. in all of these species, the corneal epithelium showed a dead cell layer, which may increase the refractive power of the cornea, thereby reducing the hypermetropy that would be expected in a small eye. moreover, the anterior sur ...200919367448
[dynamics of the helminth fauna in the common shrew (sorex araneus l.) from cut-over lands of different age in karelia].species diversity of helminths in the common shrew from three cut-over lands of different age in karelia was studied. it was shown, that change of the plant cover in cut-over lands have no a significant effect on the species diversity of helminth communities in sorex araneus, but the abundance of individual parasite species changes considerably. changes of the s. araneus infestation with helminths were the greatest in a new cut-over land. structure of the helminth community comprises four catego ...200919370983
ecomorphometric variation and sexual dimorphism in the common shrew (sorex araneus).we investigated the evolution of the biomechanics of the mandible in island and mainland populations of the common shrew on the west coast of scotland. we predicted that climatic differences between populations should cause differences in prey composition leading to changes in the mechanical potential (mp) of the mandible. in females, mp was correlated with climate, with greater mp in warmer and drier habitats. in males, mp was significantly greater than in females but there was no relationship ...200919389155
no impact of pupal predation on the altitudinal distribution of autumnal moth and winter moth (lepidoptera: geometridae) in sub-arctic birch forest.we tested the hypothesis that pupal predation by shrews underlies the altitudinal distribution pattern of the geometrid moth species operophtera brumata l. (winter moth) and epirrita autumnata bkh (autumnal moth) in a sub-arctic birch forest in northern fennoscandia. in particular, we predicted more intense pupal predation at low altitudes where the two moth species normally do not reach outbreak densities. predation of pupae of both moth species was estimated along 10 parallel altitudinal trans ...200919508770
[telomeric dna allocation in chromosomes of common shrew sorex araneus, eulipotyphla].recently we have displayed shrew species, iberian shrew s. granarius, with telomeres of unusual for mammals structure, including long telomeres on the short acrocentrics arms containing 213 kb on average and short telomeres (3.8 kb) on the other chromosomal ends (zhdanova et al., 2005, 2007). however, it is not clear if such telomeres are characteristic of all shrew species or only of s. granarius. s. granarius and common shrew sorex araneus are the sibling species. in this investigation by usin ...200919764649
the celtic fringe of britain: insights from small mammal phylogeography.recent genetic studies have challenged the traditional view that the ancestors of british celtic people spread from central europe during the iron age and have suggested a much earlier origin for them as part of the human recolonization of britain at the end of the last glaciation. here we propose that small mammals provide an analogue to help resolve this controversy. previous studies have shown that common shrews (sorex araneus) with particular chromosomal characteristics and water voles (arvi ...200919793757
genetic diversity and phylogeography of seewis virus in the eurasian common shrew in finland and hungary.recent identification of a newfound hantavirus, designated seewis virus (swsv), in the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus), captured in switzerland, corroborates decades-old reports of hantaviral antigens in this shrew species from russia. to ascertain the spatial or geographic variation of swsv, archival liver tissues from 88 eurasian common shrews, trapped in finland in 1982 and in hungary during 1997, 1999 and 2000, were analyzed for hantavirus rnas by reverse transcription-polymerase chain ...200919930716
zones of contact and joint occurrence of three chromosomal races of the common shrew sorex araneus l. (mammalia) in the southern valdai hills. 200919994784
hybrid origin of karyotypic variation in the common shrew, sorex araneus (mammalia), from the dnieper river basin. 201720170065
stopping the clock: neobiosis as a predecessor of mammalian hibernation and possible key to the abolition of aging.a number of mammals undergo hibernation during their lifespan. the euthermal condition that occurs prior to hibernation is characterized by inhibition of cellular proliferation, reduction of stress reactivity, a decrease in metabolism, and changes in the immune system (seasonal thymus involution). analysis of data of young red voles (clethrionomys glareolus), common shrews (sorex araneus), and fat dormice (glis glis) while entering into the euthermal condition shows characteristic biphasic growt ...201020370485
tula virus in populations of small terrestrial mammals in a rural landscape.over 5 years (2000-2004), populations of small mammals from a rural landscape in southern moravia (czech republic) were investigated for the presence of tula virus (tulv) antigen using the elisa set hantagnost. in total, 1566 individuals from 10 species were examined. the prevalence in the common vole (microtus arvalis pallas 1778), the main reservoir of tulv, was 10% (n = 871). the prevalence of tulv antigen increases with its population numbers. the highest number of tulv antigen-positive comm ...201020420534
novel hantavirus in the flat-skulled shrew (sorex roboratus).genetically distinct hantaviruses have been identified recently in multiple species of shrews (order soricomorpha, family soricidae) in eurasia and north america. to corroborate decades-old reports of hantaviral antigens in shrews from russia, archival liver and lung tissues from 4 siberian large-toothed shrews (sorex daphaenodon), 5 eurasian least shrews (sorex minutissimus), 12 flat-skulled shrews (sorex roboratus), and 18 tundra shrews (sorex tundrensis), captured in the sakha republic in nor ...201020426682
seewis virus: phylogeography of a shrew-borne hantavirus in siberia, russia.hantaviral antigens were originally reported more than 20 years ago in tissues of the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus), captured in european and siberian russia. the recent discovery of seewis virus (swsv) in this soricid species in switzerland provided an opportunity to investigate its genetic diversity and geographic distribution in russia.201020426688
a network approach to study karyotypic evolution: the chromosomal races of the common shrew (sorex araneus) and house mouse (mus musculus) as model systems.the development of methods to reconstruct phylogenies from karyotypic data has lagged behind what has been achieved with molecular and morphological characters. this hampers our understanding of the role of chromosomal rearrangements in speciation, which depends on knowledge of the karyotypic relationships both among forms that have recently speciated and among forms within species that may speciate in the future. here, we present a new approach to reconstruct chromosomal phylogenies. our approa ...201020525634
frequency of meiotic recombination in g and r chromosome bands of the common shrew (sorex araneus). 201720711874
population models in pesticide risk assessment: lessons for assessing population-level effects, recovery, and alternative exposure scenarios from modeling a small mammal.in the last few years, the interest in using ecological population models as a tool for pesticide risk assessment has increased rapidly. practical guidance, however, on how to perform a risk assessment with a population model is still lacking. it is still unclear which endpoint (population density, population growth, etc.) is the most sensitive indicator of population-level effects and how risk can be evaluated at the population level. moreover, a main added value of model-based risk assessments ...201020821572
additional data for nuclear dna give new insights into the phylogenetic position of sorex granarius within the sorex araneus group.many species contain genetic lineages that are phylogenetically intermixed with those of other species. in the sorex araneus group, previous results based on mtdna and y chromosome sequence data showed an incongruent position of sorex granarius within this group. in this study, we explored the relationship between species within the s. araneus group, aiming to resolve the particular position of s. granarius. in this context, we sequenced a total of 2447 base pairs (bp) of x-linked and nuclear ge ...201020883802
[the structure of long telomeres in chromosomes of the iberian shrew].it is shown that the size, localization, and structure of telomeres in the iberian shrew (sorex granarius) are not characteristic of mammals. in this species, long telomeres of an average size of 213 kb are localized on the short arms of all 32 acrocentrics; ribosomal blocks and active nucleolus-organizing regions (nors) were also discovered there. at the remaining chromosome ends the average size of telomeres is 3.8 kb. however, in a closely related species, sorex araneus, all telomeres have si ...201021061623
[identification of a novel wart-like chromosome rearrangement in complex heterozygotes in an interracial hybrid zone of the common shrew sorex araneus l].karyotypes uncharacteristic of pure races or hybrids were identified in the interracial hybrid zones of the common shrew sorex araneus l. that were recently discovered in the european part of russia. this suggests the actual existence in natural populations of wart-like rearrangements (whole-arm reciprocal translocations) along with robertsonian fusions of acrocentrics. demonstration of new and still rare chromosome variants is the aim of this communication.201021061632
spermatological characters of the digenean rubenstrema exasperatum (rudolphi, 1819) (plagiorchioidea, omphalometridae).we present the first ultrastructural description of spermiogenesis and of the spermatozoon of rubenstrema exasperatum (omphalometridae), an intestinal parasite of sorex araneus (soricidae). spermiogenesis begins with the formation of the differentiation zone delimited at the base by the ring of the arched membranes and bordered by cortical microtubules. this area contains two centrioles associated with striated rootlets and with an intercentriolar body. it also contains the nucleus and numerous ...201121127907
investigation of the ecology of francisella tularensis during an inter-epizootic period.abstract a 1-year study of the ecological cycle of francisella tularensis was performed in an enzootic area during an inter-epizootic period. the study was based on multiple sampling of all major constituents of the disease cycle. seroprevalence of tularemia in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus) population was 5.1% (10/197) with low antibody titers (1/10 and 1/20), and f. tularensis ssp. holarctica was isolated from four hares. f. tularensis was not detected in the 38 common voles (microt ...201021142970
natural hybridization between extremely divergent chromosomal races of the common shrew (sorex araneus, soricidae, soricomorpha): hybrid zone in european russia.the moscow and seliger chromosomal races of the common shrew differ by robertsonian fusions and possibly whole-arm reciprocal translocations (warts) such that their f₁ hybrids produce a chain-of-eleven configuration at meiosis i and are expected to suffer substantial infertility. of numerous hybrid zones that have been described in the common shrew, those between the moscow and seliger races involve the greatest chromosomal difference. we collected 211 individuals from this zone to generate a to ...201021159004
isolation effect in narrow hybrid zones of sorex araneus chromosome races. 201721369902
[two types of territory used by the common shrew sorex araneus l].the home range of resident animals is considered as "known territory" including a "foraging region." it has been revealed that the activity of an average animal unit in the "foraging region" could be approximated by normal distribution. estimation of activity distribution in the "known territory" (beyond the "foraging region") was impeded by means of marking since it might be difficult to detect the frequency of distant translocations, and the method does not provide an essential body of data. i ...201621442913
[racial and population variability of phenotypic (cranial) characters in the common shrew sorex araneus l., 1758].variability of the cranial properties of chromosomal races serov, manturovo and pechora of the common shrew were studied. a consistent increase of scull size in the serov race with moving from the plain to highlands and a skull size decrease from low to high latitudes was detected. interpopulation variability among different races was shown to be comparable with interracial variability or to exceed it. this suggests microevolution at the level of local populations.201121446185
the common shrew (sorex araneus): a neglected host of tick-borne infections?although the importance of rodents as reservoirs for a number of tick-borne infections is well established, comparatively little is known about the potential role of shrews, despite them occupying similar habitats. to address this, blood and tick samples were collected from common shrews (sorex araneus) and field voles (microtus agrestis), a known reservoir of various tick-borne infections, from sites located within a plantation forest in northern england over a 2-year period. of 647 blood sampl ...201121453011
a microsatellite study in the łęgucki młyn/popielno hybrid zone reveals no genetic differentiation between two chromosome races of the common shrew (sorex araneus).this study investigated a chromosome hybrid zone between two chromosomal races of the common shrew (sorex araneus). gene flow and genetic structure of the hybrid zone, located in the northeast of poland, were studied using seven polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci (l9, l14, l33, l45, l67, l68, l97) and a y-linked microsatellite locus (l8y). seventy-five animals (46 of the łęgucki młyn race and 29 of the popielno race) from nine different localities were examined and the data were analyzed ...201121475705
natural hybridization between extremely divergent chromosomal races of the common shrew (sorex araneus, soricidae, soricomorpha): hybrid zone in siberia.chromosomal races of the common shrew differ in sets of metacentric chromosomes and on contact may produce hybrids with extraordinarily complex configurations at meiosis i that are associated with reduced fertility. there is an expectation that these may be some of the most extreme tension zones available for study and therefore are of interest as potential sites for reproductive isolation. here, we analyse one of these zones, between the novosibirsk race (characterized by metacentrics go, hn, i ...201121507114
genetic variability of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes persulcatus ticks and small mammals in the asian part of russia.abstract the specimens of 3552 questing adult ixodes persulcatus and 1698 blood/tissue samples of small mammals collected in ural, siberia, and far east of russia were assayed for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum by nested pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. totally, a. phagocytophilum was detected in 112 tick and 88 mammalian samples. the nucleotide sequences of the 16s rrna gene and groesl operon (1244-1295 bp) were determined for a. phagocytophilum samples from 65 ticks and 25 small mamm ...201121612528
[variability of a cytochrome b region in different chromosome races and populations of the common shrew sorex araneus l., 1758].the nucleotide sequence (572 bp) of the cytochrome b gene of the common shrew sorex araneus was analyzed. in total, 92 animals of five chromosome races from 12 localities were studied. the median haplotype network has a pronounced star-like structure. the central haplotype common for all samples, except for the southern island sample of the race sok, accounts for about 36%. the main characteristics of molecular variation in our work correspond to those obtained in other studies. we revealed the ...201121675242
study of types of some species of "filaria" (nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by von linstow and molin.parasitic nematodes from the berlin (zmb) and vienna (nmw) museum collections referred to the genus filaria mueller, 1787 by von linstow or molin were studied. three samples were in good condition and the specimens redescribed. litomosa hepatica (von linstow, 1897) n. comb., sample zmb vermes entozoa 3368, from the megachiropteran pteropus neohibernicus, bismarck archipelago, resembles l. maki tibayrenc, bain & ramanchandran, 1979, from pteropus vampyrus, in malaysia, but the buccal capsule diff ...201121678791
genetic diversity of anaplasma and ehrlichia in the asian part of russia.totally, 2590 questing adult ixodes persulcatus ticks and 1458 small mammals from ural, siberia, and the far east as well as 53 haemaphysalis concinna, 136 haem. japonica, and 43 dermacentor silvarum ticks--exclusively adults--from the far east were examined for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma by nested pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. both anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia muris were found in i. persulcatus and small mammals from all the studied regions. myodes spp., microtus spp., ...201021771512
[phylogenetic relationships of caucasian shrew sorex satunini ogn. (mammalia) in the superspecies sorex araneus inferred from the data of karyological analysis and the mtdna cyt b gene sequencing].using the data of karyological analysis, the phylogenetic relationships of caucasian shrew sorex satunini and the cryptic species of superspecies sorer araneus were examined. in the population of sorex satunini from the plain of north ciscaucasia two deeply radiated cytochrome b genes (a and b) were identified. genetic distance between haplotype a and b groups constituted 0.0675 +/- 0.008, which is higher than any distance in superspecies s. araneus. possible introgression of type b haplotypes f ...201121866861
[the microsatellite polymorphism and gene flow in the contact zone of four common shrew (sorex araneus l., mammalia) chromosome races].the variation of microsatellite loci in 130 individuals of four common shrew chromosome races (moscow, western dvina, seliger, and st. petersburg) contacting on the valdai hills was studied. a low level of genetic differences between the chromosome races, which differ at three-five fixed diagnostic metacentric chromosomes, was found. the genetic differentiation within the races is more considerable as compared with that between the races. a high deficiency in heterozygotes was recorded; presumab ...201622117416
do aquatic barriers reduce male-mediated gene flow in a hybrid zone of the common shrew (sorex araneus)? 201122150822
xenoma-like formations induced by soricimyxum fegati (myxosporea) in three species of shrews (soricomorpha: soricidae), including records of new hosts.in south bohemia, czech republic, 178 shrews, including 98 common shrews, sorex araneus l., 70 pygmy shrews, sorex minutus l., and 10 lesser white-toothed shrews, crocidura suaveolens (pallas), were examined for soricimyxum fegati prunescu, prunescu, pucek et lom, 2007 infections, using squash preparations of unfixed tissues, histological sections and molecular methods. the infection was found in 51 (52%) s. araneus, 14 (20%) s. minutus and 1 (10%) c. suaveolens. the records of the latter two sp ...201122263306
spatio-temporal patterns of habitat use in voles and shrews modified by density, season and predators.1. although the intrinsic habitat preferences of a species can be considered to be fixed, the realized habitat use depends on the prevailing abiotic and biotic conditions. often the core habitats are occupied by dense and stable populations, while marginal habitats become occupied only at times of high density. in a community of interacting species, habitat uses of different species become inter-related, for example an increased density of a strong competitor forcing a weaker competitor to use m ...201222325037
chromosomal rearrangements do not seem to affect the gene flow in hybrid zones between karyotypic races of the common shrew (sorex araneus).chromosomal rearrangements are proposed to promote genetic differentiation between chromosomally differentiated taxa and therefore promote speciation. due to their remarkable karyotypic polymorphism, the shrews of the sorex araneus group were used to investigate the impact of chromosomal rearrangements on gene flow. five intraspecific chromosomal hybrid zones characterized by different levels of karyotypic complexity were studied using 16 microsatellites markers. we observed low levels of geneti ...201222380446
[pcr identification of dna of hosts of the taiga tick nymphs (ixodes persulcatus: ixodinae) in st. petersburg and its suburbs].pcr identification of host dna in unfed females and males of taiga tick ixodes persulcatus was performed. amplification of each sample was done using primers species-specific by 12s rdna mitochondrial gene. four species of small mammals (apodemus uralensis, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis, and sorex araneus) and two passeriform bird species (fringilla coelebs and parus major) were analysed. for one third of tick samples, hosts of previous stages were established using this method. in f ...201222384683
associative memory or algorithmic search: a comparative study on learning strategies of bats and shrews.two common strategies for successful foraging are learning to associate specific sensory cues with patches of prey ("associative learning") and using set decision-making rules to systematically scan for prey ("algorithmic search"). we investigated whether an animal's life history affects which of these two foraging strategies it is likely to use. natterer's bats (myotis nattereri) have slow life-history traits and we predicted they would be more likely to use associative learning. common shrews ...201222391618
broad geographical distribution and high genetic diversity of shrew-borne seewis hantavirus in central europe.for a long time hantaviruses were believed to be exclusively rodent-borne pathogens. recent findings of numerous shrew- and mole-borne hantaviruses raise important questions on their phylogenetic origin. the objective of our study was to prove the presence and distribution of shrew-associated seewis virus (swsv) in different sorex species in central europe. therefore, a total of 353 sorex araneus, 59 s. minutus, 27 s. coronatus, and one s. alpinus were collected in germany, the czech republic, a ...201222467179
[narrow hybrid zone between moscow and western dvina chromosomal races and specific features of population isolation in common shrew sorex araneus (mammalia)].the contact zone between moscow and western dvina chromosomal races of common shrew sorex araneus l. at the south of the valdai hights was traced over a distance of 20 km. within this, close to parapatric, contact zone of chromosomal races the width of sympatry zone was about 500 m (the narrowest among currently known hybrid zones), and the proportion of hybrids was 24.3%. it was shown that in bimodal hybrid zones between chromosomal races of common shrew the width of sympatry zones varied from ...201222567857
cyclic voles and shrews and non-cyclic mice in a marginal grassland within european temperate forest.cyclic population dynamics of small mammals are not restricted to the boreal and arctic zones of eurasia and north america, but long-term data series from lower latitudes are still less common. we demonstrated here the presence of periodic oscillations in small mammal populations in eastern poland using 22-year (1986-2007) trapping data from marginal meadow and river valley grasslands located in the extensive temperate woodland of białowieża primeval forest. the two most common species inhabitin ...201222707756
estimating population-level coancestry coefficients by an admixture f model.in this article, we develop an admixture f model (afm) for the estimation of population-level coancestry coefficients from neutral molecular markers. in contrast to the previously published f model, the afm enables disentangling small population size and lack of migration as causes of genetic differentiation behind a given level of f(st). we develop a bayesian estimation scheme for fitting the afm to multiallelic data acquired from a number of local populations. we demonstrate the performance of ...201222798486
[behavioral interactions of adult females of the common shrew (sorex araneus) with conspecifics on familiar territory].interactions of overwintered females with conspecifics (> or = 5 days) on familiar territories were studied experimentally. in interactions of the resident females with unfamiliar overwintered females (28 experiments), there were no differences related to the reproductive status of both parties. between the behavior of the residents and aliens, there were no significant differences, except the refusals of contacts--and aliens had more of it. identification and affiliative behavior and the presen ...201622988759
the genetic structure of an isolated population of the common shrew sorex araneus l. (mammalia) as determined from microsatellite variation. 201723129278
importance of olfactory communication in the spiral search strategy of the common shrew sorex araneus l. 201723292472
winter reduction in body mass in a very small, nonhibernating mammal: consequences for heat loss and metabolic rates.low temperatures in northern winters are energetically challenging for mammals, and a special energetic burden is expected for diminutive species like shrews, which are among the smallest of mammals. surprisingly, shrews shrink their body size in winter and reduce body and brain mass, an effect known as dehnel's phenomenon, which is suggested to lower absolute energy intake requirements and thereby enhance survival when food availability is low. yet reduced body size coupled with higher body-sur ...201323303317
effects of late quaternary climate change on palearctic shrews.the late quaternary was a time of rapid climatic oscillations and drastic environmental changes. in general, species can respond to such changes by behavioral accommodation, distributional shifts, ecophenotypic modifications (nongenetic), evolution (genetic) or ultimately face local extinction. how those responses manifested in the past is essential for properly predicting future ones especially as the current warm phase is further intensified by rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. here ...201323505017
detection of shrew-borne hantavirus in eurasian pygmy shrew (sorex minutus) in central europe.recently, it was found that not only rodents but also shrews are reservoir hosts of hantaviruses. in central europe, only seewis virus, associated with the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus), has been recognized until now. in the present report, tissue samples from shrews belonging to crocidurinae and soricinae subfamilies, trapped in czech republic, germany, and slovakia, were screened for the presence of novel hantaviruses. three new hantavirus partial l-segment sequences were obtained from ...201323602837
boginia virus, a newfound hantavirus harbored by the eurasian water shrew (neomys fodiens) in poland.guided by decades-old reports of hantaviral antigens in the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus) and the eurasian water shrew (neomys fodiens) in european russia, we employed rt-pcr to analyze lung tissues of soricine shrews, captured in boginia, huta dłutowska and kurowice in central poland during september 2010, 2011 and 2012.201323693084
a small-scale survey of hantavirus in mammals from eastern poland.samples of 30 dead small mammals each were collected on area 'a' located in eastern poland which is exposed to flooding by the vistula river, and on the area 'b', also located in eastern poland but not exposed to flooding. kidneys and livers of the mammals were examined by the pcr and nested pcr methods for the presence of hantavirus rna. out of 7 species of small mammals examined, the presence of hantaviruses was detected in 4 of them. hantavirus prevalence was low in apodemus agrarius (2.6%), ...201323772576
[craniometric differences between karyotypic races of the common shrew sorex araneus (mammalia) as a result of limited hybridization].the contact points of four karyotypic races (st. petersburg, moscow, seliger and west dvina) of the common shrew sorex araneus l. were studied at the valdai hills (european russia) in an area unimpeded by geographic barriers. the populations of the races are separated by narrow hybrid zones that represent the most complex heterozygous hybrid karyotypes. at these points of contact, the morphometric differentiation of karyotype races was examined in 12 cranial measurements in 190 shrews of a known ...201323866625
phenotypic variation across chromosomal hybrid zones of the common shrew (sorex araneus) indicates reduced gene flow.sorex araneus, the common shrew, is a species with more than 70 karyotypic races, many of which form parapatric hybrid zones, making it a model for studying chromosomal speciation. hybrids between races have reduced fitness, but microsatellite markers have demonstrated considerable gene flow between them, calling into question whether the chromosomal barriers actually do contribute to genetic divergence. we studied phenotypic clines across two hybrid zones with especially complex heterozygotes. ...201323874420
cytogenetic analysis of a hybrid zone between the moscow and neroosa races of the common shrew (sorex araneus) differing by a single wart-like chromosome rearrangement.three karyotypic variants were revealed in the moscow-neroosa chromosomal hybrid zone by comparative cytogenetic analysis: homozygotes of the pure parental races and complex heterozygotes (f1 hybrids). as expected, a ring-of-four configuration (riv) was observed in diakinesis spreads of hybrids. no disturbances in the structure of the riv were found. distribution of telomeric repeats and rdna on the chromosomes of an individual of the neroosa race were studied using dual-colour fish.201323875464
molecular evidence and high genetic diversity of shrew-borne seewis virus in slovenia.seewis virus, the shrew-borne hantavirus from sorex araneus, has been molecularly detected in reservoir hosts in many different central european countries and russia. slovenia is a known endemic country for rodent-borne hantaviruses, therefore the aim of the study was to investigate the presence of shrew-borne hantaviruses in insectivores. viral l, s and m segment have been recovered only from tissue samples of 7 s. araneus, despite several shrew species were tested. phylogenetic analysis showed ...201323892145
the relationships between brain, serum, and whole blood che activity in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) and the common shrew (sorex araneus) after acute sublethal exposure to dimethoate.abstract inhibition of cholinesterase (che) activity produced by a single acute intraperitoneal administration of dimethoate was studied in the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, and the common shrew, sorex araneus, under laboratory conditions. che values from serum and whole blood were compared with those obtained from brain in order to obtain a non-destructive tool for predicting the severity of brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition. in addition, serum and brain inhibition following oral ...199623902326
assortative mating in the hybrid zones of the common shrew (sorex araneus mammalia) chromosome race west dvina. 201723975460
[significance of the smell of a conspecific for the spatial distribution of the common shrew sorex araneus l].the significance of smell marks of conspecifics for the spatial distribution of common shrews was studied. the existence of two groups of individuals, which differ in their reaction to the smell of a conspecific, was shown. individuals with different reactions were shown to have reliable differences in the sizes of the areas visited by them, the mutual location of their plots, and the percent of activity combined with the activity of the neighbor. the significance of such differences in reaction ...201624171318
metals and selenium in wild animals from norwegian areas close to russian nickel smelters.this paper reports the concentrations of metals (al, as, cd, cr, cu, hg, ni, pb, and/or zn) and selenium (se) in kidney and/or liver samples from capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), willow ptarmigan (lagopus lagopus), hares (lepus timidus), common shrews (sorex araneus) and grey-sided voles (clethrionomus rufocanus) from the norwegian areas most heavily contaminated by pollutants from the russian smelters on the kola peninsula. in addition to comparing areas that differed in expected pollution rate ...199524197780
a comparison of the chromosome g-banding pattern in two sorex species, s. satunini and s. araneus (mammalia, insectivora).the g-banded karyotype of sorex satunini was compared with the karyotype of sorex araneus. extensive homology was revealed. the major chromosomal rearrangements involved in the evolutionary divergence of these species have been identified as centric fusions and centromeric shifts. from the known palaeontological age of sorex satunini it is obvious that the vast chromosomal polymorphism of the sorex araneus group originated during the middle pleistocene.201224260667
synaptonemal complex analysis of interracial hybrids between the moscow and neroosa chromosomal races of the common shrew sorex araneus showing regular formation of a complex meiotic configuration (ring-of-four).immunocytochemical and electron microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complexes (scs) was carried out for the first time in homozygotes and complex robertsonian heterozygotes (hybrids) of the common shrew, sorex araneus linnaeus, 1758, from a newly discovered hybrid zone between the moscow and the neroosa chromosomal races. these races differ in four monobrachial homologous metacentrics, and closed sc tetravalent is expected to be formed in meiosis of a hybrid. indeed, such a multivalent was foun ...201224260670
a small scale survey of leptospira in mammals from eastern poland.samples of 30 dead small mammals each were collected on area 'a' located in eastern poland and exposed to floods by the vistula river, and on area 'b', also located in eastern poland, but not exposed to floods. kidneys and livers of the mammals were examined by the pcr and nested pcr methods for the presence of leptospira dna. from 7 species of small mammals examined, the presence of leptospira dna was detected in 2 of them. the prevalence of positive results was greatest in apodemus agrarius wh ...201324364438
redescription and systematic position of soricinia tripartita zarnowski, 1955 (cestoda: cyclophyllidea), a cestode species parasitic in shrews of the genus sorex, including erection of gulyaevilepis gen. n.soricinia tripartita zarnowski, 1955 is redescribed on the basis of specimens from the type host sorex araneus linnaeus from lithuania, latvia and russia (republic of karelia and republic of komi - a new geographical record) as well as from sorex satunini ognev and sorex volnuchini ognev from russia (nalchik area in the caucasus mountains). the strobilar morphology of s. tripartita is compared with that of other hymenolepidid cestodes of shrews with an unarmed scolex and serial development of pr ...201424822320
diet selection by common shrews sorex araneus in a depleting environment.common shrews (sorex araneus l.) were presented with two prey types at various densities in a depleting environment. observed diet choice was compared to predictions of the classical optimal diet model and of "shrew-specific" simulations incorporating patch depletion. two strategies were simulated: expansion of the diet from taking only profitable prey to taking both types, and fixed partial preference. the simulations predict partial preference over a narrow range of initial densities of profit ...199324897697
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