Publications

occurrence of the tick ixodes ricinus in a landscape strongly influenced by human activities.		1986	3660810
igg subclasses of specific antibodies in ixodes ricinus-borne borreliosis.	ixodes ricinus-borne borreliosis may run a protracted course. in this study we investigated the different igg subclasses of antibodies to borreliae at different stages of the disease. in addition to the dominant subclass igg1 and igg3 response was found in most cases. this antibody subclass pattern with contributions of igg2 often persists into the late stage of the disease and may last for decades. the igg subclass response elicited by this spirochaetosis does not conform to the expected igg4 r ...	1987	3665187
[chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system].	a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ...	1987	3670517
[lyme borreliosis in south germany. epidemiologic data on the incidence of cases and on the epidemiology of ticks (ixodes ricinus) carrying borrelia burgdorferi].	among 2403 ticks (ixodes ricinus) tested in 1985 for borrelia 328 (13.6%) were carriers (adults about 20%, nymphs about 10%, larvae about 1%). the highest prevalence of infected ticks was among adult ticks in the isar region north of munich (33.8%). among 9383 persons whose serum had been examined by fluorescence serology in 1985 and 1986, 1035 (11%) had raised borrelia-specific igg and/or igm antibodies greater than or equal to 1:64. in 18.7% only igm antibodies were demonstrated. among 375 pro ...	1987	3678074
resistance of sheep to laboratory infestations of the tick, ixodes ricinus.	the development of tick resistance was studied in three one-year-old female galway cross ewes which received up to three staggered infestations of 100 adult pairs of ixodes ricinus. sheep acquired resistance after the first infestation and the ticks showed suppressed feeding and oviposition success. the histology of tick-bite lesions revealed a cellular infiltrate consisting predominantly of neutrophils and this was followed by the infiltration and degranulation of basophils. mononuclear cells a ...	1987	3685642
some diagnostic, biologic and morphologic characteristics of francisella tularensis strains isolated from the ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) in the prague agglomeration.	four infectious agents were isolated from the ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) collected in the recreational area and park-forest of prague. on the basis of cultivation, staining, biochemical, serologic properties, pathogenicity for animals and histological tests they were identified as francisella tularensis with the following features: they are short, gram-negative rods of approximate dimensions of 0.3 x 0.8 micron, growing in enriched media after 3-4 day incubation at 37 degrees c. they form small c ...	1986	3699624
arbovirological survey in silica plateau area, roznava district, czechoslovakia.	the serosurveys conducted in the silica plateau area of the slovak karst region revealed the presence of specific neutralizing antibody against tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in 18% of local inhabitants (33 examined, mostly goats and sheep farmers), 54% of goats (26 examined), 18% of sheep (120 examined) and 13% of cattle (60 examined), against lipovník (lip) virus in 30% of inhabitants, 88% of goats, 55% of sheep and 45% of cattle, and against bhanja (bha) virus in 27% of inhabitants, 46% ...	1986	3701055
endotoxicity associated with the lyme disease borrelia: recent findings.	the endotoxicity of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, a tick-borne spirochetosis, was studied using limulus assay and pyrogen test in rabbit. some suspensions of ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini associated borrelia were able to gelify limulus lysate and demonstrated a febrile response in rabbit. these findings and other recent data demonstrating an endotoxin-like activity of the lyme disease agent are discussed in the context of the pathogenic mechanisms of the illness.	1986	3713546
[distribution and population count of ixodes ricinus (l.) in prague].		1986	3713644
[3 infections by trypanosomes observed in hyalomma detritum, ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus (acarina: ixodidae)].		1986	3726517
[a case of anomaly in the nymph of ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae) collected in natural foci].		1986	3727587
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a spirochetosis. clinical and histopathological picture based on 32 patients; course and relationship to erythema chronicum migrans afzelius.	the recent discovery that spirochetes transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus are involved in the etiology of erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma), bannwarth's syndrome, and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) has thrown new light upon these disorders. thirty-two patients showing clinical and serological evidence of aca were investigated. histologically, constant findings in active aca lesions were telangiectases and a lymphocytic infiltrate with a moderate to rich admixture of plasma ...	1986	3728879
[annual evolution of the infestation of cattle with the tick ixodes ricinus l. and infestation of these ectoparasites by babesia divergens in clos-du-doubs (jura, switzerland)].		1986	3749852
[borrelia infections, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus].		1986	3765756
use of deltamethrin 'pour on' for control of the sheep tick ixodes ricinus.		1986	3776056
[disease (lyme disease) in pediatric patients in switzerland caused by spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) of ixodes ricinus].	lyme disease in children is studied in the light of questionnaires sent out twice to departments and divisions of pediatrics in switzerland. thirty-six serologically proven cases were collected. the 48 clinical signs attributed to lyme disease involved the skin in 40%, the nervous system in 40%, and the joints in 20%. they were erythema chronicum migrans (13), lymphocytoma (4), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (2), peripheral facial palsy (14), sensomotor radiculoneuritis (2), meningoencephal ...	1986	3787225
a contribution to the methods of estimating absolute tick numbers.	the method of estimating tick numbers in nature by means of experimental sites and by subsequent determination and comparison of classes of occurrence frequency, originally developed for estimation of the numbers of adult ixodes persulcatus in the far east and udmurtia, was successfully applied to imagoes and nymphs of ixodes ricinus occurring in typical central european biotopes.	1986	3804087
[enlarged spectrum of tick transmitted spirochaetoses].	after the successful identification of borrelia burgdorferi as the cause of lyme disease, a new tick-borne infection occurring in the united states, almost identical spirochaetes have been isolated from the tick ixodes ricinus in europe. as a result, the spirochaetal aetiology of skin diseases, which had long been recognized as tick-borne infections, namely erythema chronicum migrans with its neurological complications of the tick-borne meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth, acrodermat ...	1986	3804731
[studies on ticks (acarina, ixodidae), parasites of cattle in west algeria. i. systematic survey and seasonal activity].	tick samples (acarina, ixodidae) were collected for two years on bovidae from the whole oran area which were brought weekly at the oran open market (algeria). the 5,500 ticks thus obtained could be divided into six genera and twelve species. from the phenological analysis the following were defined: three spring species (rhipicephalus bursa, rh. turanicus and rh. sanguineus), three summer species (hyalomma detritum, h. impeltatum and boophilus annulatus), three winter species (ixodes ricinus, ha ...	1986	3813419
tick-borne borrelia infection in patients with bell's palsy.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to serum samples of 94 patients diagnosed as having bell's palsy: they were studied throughout two consecutive years in an attempt to establish serologic evidence of a tick-borne spirochetal infection. a strain of borrelia spirochetes, isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks, was used as an antigen, and separate estimations of spirochetal igg and igm antibodies were made; serum samples with titers above the 95th-percentile level of 120 healthy ...	1987	3814376
studies on the larval activity of the tick ixodes ricinus l. in co. wicklow, ireland.	the activity of larval i. ricinus was studied in the field and on experimental plots in an attempt to determine the origin and population dynamics of larvae at different times of the year. a comparison of sampling methods showed that the previously observed small size of the spring peak relative to the midsummer peak is not a sampling artifact and is a genuine measure of the prevalence of active larvae. it was established that spring-active larvae are derived from spring-fed adults which contrib ...	1985	3870961
the global distribution of lyme disease.	erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ...	1985	3885366
diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.	the antibody response against a spirochetal strain isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assay of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum specimens from 45 patients with chronic meningitis. samples of csf, serum, or both from patients with various infections of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis, syphilis, or infectious mononucleosis and from healthy individuals served as control samples. pro ...	1985	3889049
erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. early and late manifestations of ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia spirochetes.	in the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ecma, 41 with aca and 20 with facial palsy (bell's palsy), have been studied. it has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ecma and aca. this has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ecma and aca. the spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus borrelia. no antigenic difference ...	1985	3901647
tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden.	spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ...	1985	3903977
[lymphocytoma--a borreliosis?].	4 patients suffering from lymphocytoma had been observed for a mean of 1.75 years (13 to 21 month). the lesions were located on the ears; all patients developed regional lymphadenopathy. two patients experienced headaches of short duration, one child showed six erythema migrans lesions, and another child had an elevated igm level of 322 mg/dl. a tick bite was noted in one child. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed significantly elevated igg or igm antibody titers against ixodes dammini an ...	1985	3904252
[erythema migrans borreliosis in the federal republic of germany. epidemiology and clinical aspects].	a positive antibody titre against ixodes-ricinus-borrelia (burgdorferi), using indirect immunofluorescence or elisa, could be detected in serum and (or) liquor of 935 (32%) out of a total of 2955 patients between january 1984 and july 1985. in 289 of these cases the typical clinical manifestations were lacking whereas a characteristic disease picture enabled a diagnosis to be made in 171 patients with negative or borderline antibody titres. the 1106 cases of infection observed covered all region ...	1985	3905325
a carbon dioxide trap for prolonged sampling of ixodes ricinus l. populations.	a carbon dioxide trap designed to capture ixodes ricinus over periods of up to 7 days is described. the trap compared favourably with blanket dragging and flagging in areas of high tick density, particularly on rough ground and for adult ticks; it was also surprisingly efficient for larvae. ticks appeared to be captured throughout the 7-day trapping period. the maximum attraction distance recorded for adult female ticks was 3.5 m and for nymphs 1.0 m. trapping rates were influenced by air temper ...	1985	3939717
sheep tick in the eyelid.	the uncomplicated removal of a tick, ixodes ricinus, from the lid is described. methods of removal of ticks, their natural history, and potential complications are discussed.	1986	3947602
inhibition of babesia divergens in cattle by oxytetracycline.	the effects of continuous oxytetracycline administration on the development of parasitaemia of babesia divergens during both natural and artificial infections were studied. during natural exposure on grazing heavily infested with ixodes ricinus, seven out of 42 cattle with no previous exposure to tick-borne diseases were injected every four days with a long acting preparation of oxytetracycline at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg. during the six week grazing period 21 untreated cattle developed a patent ...	1986	3952967
a computer simulation of the effects of specific environmental factors on the development of the sheep tick ixodes ricinus l.	a previously developed technique for predicting field development rates of the tick, ixodes ricinus, has been modified and used in an attempt to test interpretations of field data and to gain further insight into the population dynamics of i. ricinus. the results of this study have provided encouraging evidence of the validity of the predictive technique, identified certain areas in the biology of i. ricinus which require further investigation and, in general, supported the suggestion that in ir ...	1986	3962155
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.	we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.	1985	3984718
[progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis. chronic manifestation of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system].	a 54-year-old housewife became ill with transient diplopia followed by facial paralysis, tremor of the right hand and a progressively worsening disturbance in gait. four years after the first appearance of the disease bilateral hypacusia, paralysis of the right hypoglossal nerve, dysarthria, severe spastic tetraparesis with ataxia, urinary retention and an organically induced character change were present. lumbar puncture fluid contained 51/mm3 lymphocytes and 1164 mg/dl protein. immunoglobulin ...	1985	4006760
immunity of dogs against babesia canis, its vector tick dermacentor reticulatus, and ixodes ricinus in endemic area.	previous epidemiological studies allowed us to accurately define endemic areas of canine babesiosis and tick distribution in southeastern france (martinod, 1983). using a micro-elisa test 100 dogs sera were tested with 3 antigens: babesia canis, dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus. antibodies against b. canis and its vector d. reticulatus were detected in an endemic area, sometimes with high levels (optical density 1.38 and 0.80 respectively). a correlation factor and regression lines wer ...	1985	4009345
ixodes (ixodes) pararicinus, n. sp. (acari: ixodoidea: ixodidae), a south american cattle tick long confused with ixodes ricinus.		1985	4045937
[borreliosis--still a diagnostic labyrinth].	acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth following initial erythema migrans represent infectious diseases and may lead to diagnostic misinterpretation. three case reports illustrate the spirochetal nature of these entities usually transmitted by ticks (ixodes ricinus).	1985	4049991
ixodes ricinus spirochete infection as the cause of postinfectious arthritis in sweden.	antibodies to swedish ixodes ricinus spirochete were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in sera from 298 patients with postinfectious arthritis. sera from healthy individuals, patients with acute infectious meningitis of proven etiology and patients with multiple sclerosis served as controls. with the upper limit of normal values set at the 95 percentile of controls, 18 of 298 (6%) arthritis patients had positive serum antibody titres. titres above the 100 percentile of c ...	1985	4081658
[pick-herxmeier disease: a new spirochetosis. value of serodiagnosis of the spirochete of ixodes ricinus (2 cases)].		1985	4091424
[isolation of a virus pathogenic for mice from ixodes ricinus ticks in northrhine-westphalia and suabia (author's transl)].		1973	4147731
[isolation of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus from ixodes ricinus collected in the kantom zürich, switzerland (author's transl)].		1974	4155874
effects of age on the susceptibility of larvae and nymphs of ixodes ricinus (l.) to insecticides.		1972	4209224
the age of ixodes ricinus ticks as a factor of their susceptibility to pp-ddt, imidan and carbaryl.		1972	4209826
[isolation of tick-born encephalitis virus from ixodes ricinus l. ticks in natural habitat in the surroundings of bouzov].		1966	4223727
[comparison of sensitivity of cultures of chick embryo cells and young mice in experiments on isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from not fed ticks ixodes ricinus].		1968	4234461
isolation of a presumably new virus from unengorged ixodes ricinus ticks.		1966	4380464
transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus by nymphs of ixodes ricinus to the european mole (talpa europaea).		1966	4380780
poteplí - uukuniemi virus isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in slovakia.		1968	4386643
threshold of viraemia in apodemus flavicollis for infection of ixodes ricinus with tick-borne encephalitis virus.		1969	4387633
study of the virulence of tick-borne encephalitis virus. xi. genetic heterogeneity of the virus from naturally infectious ixodes ricinus ticks.		1969	4391714
quantitative study of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodes ricinus ticks.		1970	4392077
isolation of a new arbovirus strain (kemerovo group) from ixodes ricinus ticks in the south-western region of romania.		1970	4394671
studies on the virulence of tick-borne encephalitis virus. x. character of attenuated hy-hk28 "2" virus during propagation in monkey brain or ixodes ricinus ticks.		1969	4398712
multiplication of langat virus in the tick ixodes ricinus.		1972	4401074
isolation in the moldavian s.s.r. of a kemerovo group arbovirus from ixodes ricinus ticks.		1972	4403184
[ixodes ricinus, limmeus, 1758 (ixodoidea: ixodidae). preliminary study of the biology of the species in switzerland].		1972	4405441
[larva of ixodes ricinus as a parasite in man].		1974	4443257
radioisotope tagging for studies on the ecology of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus.		1974	4446901
[daily fluctuations in the activity of starving nymphs of ixodes ricinus l. and ixodes persulcatus p. sch. (parasitiformes: ixodiadae)].		1974	4456171
[babesia bovis: transmission by ixodes ricinus (ixodoidea) on the rhone plain].		1972	4507024
the isolation of an agent related to uukuniemi virus from norwegian ixodes ricinus ticks.		1974	4528041
stratification of overwintering engorged larvae and nymphs of ixodes ricinus (l.).		1972	4660777
[bionomy of ixodes ricinus. ii. population and seasonal dynamics in several localities of the district of magdeburg in the gdr].		1972	4666506
[ixodes ricinus ticks as carriers of babesia capreoli in the roe deer].		1972	4666960
transfer of the virus uukuniemi among the developmental stages of ixodes ricinus under laboratory conditions.		1972	4670803
overwintering of the tick ixodes ricinus (l.) under conditions of a field experiment.		1972	4670837
[bionomy of ixodes ricinus. 3. the role of small wild mammals as host to larva in the magdeburg district of the gdr].		1973	4775722
[species of the group ixodes persulcatus (parasitiformes, ixodidae). vii. paleogenesis of the southern branch of the group ixodes ricinus (l.)].		1973	4777805
[ecology and ethology of ixodes ricinus linné 1758, in switzerland (acarina, ixodoidea). 1st report: numerical fluctuations].		1973	4804187
entomogenous fungi associated with the tick ixodes ricinus (l.).		1974	4836173
some features of the developmental cycle of the tick ixodes ricinus (l.) (acarina: ixodidae).		1974	4836181
human babesiosis in ireland: further observations and the medical significance of this infection.	three splenectomized persons in yugoslavia, california, and ireland have been reported to be infected by three different babesia species; two cases were fatal. in a study of the site where the fatal infection was contracted in ireland, blood samples from 36 persons who had recently been bitten by ticks were inoculated into two splenectomized calves; no response to babesia divergens was detected. field-collected ixodes ricinus ticks inoculated into another splenectomized calf resulted in fever an ...	1969	4902496
larvae of the ixodes ricinus complex of species.		1970	4908693
[haller's organ in ixodes ricinus].		1971	4949219
[ixodes ricinus and hexagonus of france contain rickettsial or related agents].		1965	4954065
[occurrence of ixodes ricinus (l) living on migratory birds].		1971	5107287
[bionomy of ixodes ricinus. i. development cycle in the gdr district of magdeburg].		1971	5153473
stratification of engorged ixodes ricinus larvae overwintering in soil.		1971	5163217
virus-carrying ticks ixodes ricinus in the mixed natural focus of the central european tick-borne encephalitis virus (cete) and uukuniemi virus (uk).		1971	5163221
the relationship between the tick-borne encephalitis virus and the ticks and mammals of the tribec mountain range.	the basic problem in the study of tick-borne virus diseases is to establish where the virus is maintained in nature. in general, this focus will be found where there are large and relatively stable populations of ticks, small rodents and insectivores. in the tribec region the principal vector of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is ixodes ricinus, although other species can circulate the virus under suitable conditions. the virus can persist during winter either in starving nymphs or adults or in no ...	1967	5298540
the ecology of ticks in the tribec and hronský inovec mountains.	ecological studies on ticks are an essential part of epidemiological investigations on arbovirus infections. the paper deals with the distribution, bionomy, trophic relationships and rearing of ticks in the laboratory and refers to the role of ixodes ricinus ticks as vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. the ticks that are common to the region are i. ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. trianguliceps, haemaphysalis concinna, h. punctata, h. inermis and dermacentor marginatus. i. ricinus, which is v ...	1967	5298541
isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from ixodes ricinus ticks in the tribec region.	an attempt has been made to isolate the tick-borne encephalitis virus from nymphs and adults of the tick ixodes ricinus in the tribec region. in 1963 no virus was found in 2715 nymphs and 998 adults from various parts of the region, but in 1964, from 2153 unfed ticks collected in the spring, two strains of virus were isolated from the 798 nymphs and two from the adults (one from 647 males and one from 708 females). thus, on average, 0.2% of the ticks in the region were infected; in the elementar ...	1967	5298544
[gosling disease caused by ticks (ixodes ricinus)].		1970	5519676
diapause in nymphs of ixodes ricinus l. (parasitiformes, ixodidae).		1967	5583632
[the ticks ixodes ricinus and rhinipicephalus bursa--carriers of cattle theileriasis].		1967	5628679
[the role of ixodes ricinus as vector of tick-borne encephalitis virus in different central european natural foci].		1968	5742977
[sevin for controlling ixodes ricinus ticks].		1968	5753897
[the influence of photoperiodic conditions on the behavior and survival of ixodes ricinus l. larvae].		1969	5785720
effects of storage on the survival of langat virus in the tick, ixodes ricinus (l.).		1965	5827573
[studies of a natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis in lower austria. 4. results of ecologic investigations of the population of ixodes ricinus in 1963].		1964	5831684
[apropos of the role of ticks from the ixodoidea superfamily in q fever. 3. experimental infection of ixodes ricinus l. and hyalomma asiaticum sch. et schl. ticks with rickettsia burnetii].		1963	5832112
[apropos of the role of ticks of the ixodoidea superfamily in q fever. iv. survival of rickettsia burnetii in hibernating ixodes ricinus l. ticks in experiments].		1963	5832113
[survival of tick borne encephalitis virus in the tick ixodes ricinus and the transmission of this virus to the hedge hog (erinaceus roumanicus)].		1966	5984724
a laboratory breeding method of ixodes ricinus gibbosus nuttall, 1916.		1966	6011110
evidence for flavivirus(es) outside of the distribution area for ixodes ricinus in norway.	small rodent (vole) sera were collected from three different locations in norway. one of these was within the distribution area for ixodes ricinus, and a tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strain had been isolated from ticks collected there (traavik & mehl, 1977). the two other locations were outside the i. ricinus area, one in southern norway, the other at nearly 70 degrees n. the sera were tested for tbe antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition (hi), hemolysis-in-gel (hig) and complement fix ...	1984	6086747
[studies of the ecology of some blood protozoa of wild small mammals in north germany (author's transl)].	in 1977 and 1978, 696 small mammals of 9 different species were surveyed for protozoal blood parasites. the following parasites were found: hepatozoon sylvatici in apodemus flavicollis, h. erhardovae and trypanosoma evotomys in clethrionomys glareolus, t. microti and babesia microti in microtus agrestis and t. croicidurae in crocidura russula. h. erhardovae showed regularly high infection-rates (more than 70%) during all the years in 1977 and 1978. h. sylvatici was found only in 5.6% of the yell ...	1980	6104423
characteristics of some tick--borne encephalitis virus strains isolated in slovakia.	several tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strains isolated in slovakia from 1974-1978 were characterized by their cytophatic abilities, sensitivity to heating at 50 degrees c and to 2 m urea, and pathogenicity for white mice. strains isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks differed in pathogenic properties from those isolated from clethrinomys glareolus. the latter strains (skalica) may be considered a spontaneous variant of tba virus with decreased virulence for mice.	1980	6104435
[isolation of babesia microti (frança 1912) from free-living nymphs of ixodes ricinus (linnaeus 1758) (author's transl)].	375 unfed nymphs of ixodes ricinus were collected in a natural focus of babesia microti near hannover and were tested for an infection with b. microti using golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). 2 strains (hannover ii and hannover iii) were isolated. the incidence of infected nymphs in april 1980 demonstrates the ability of b. microti to hibernate in i. ricinus under natural conditions.	1981	6115558
rabbits infested with adult ixodes ricinus l.: effects of mepyramine on acquired resistance.		1982	6125407
[evolution of populations of ticks (ixodidae and argasidae) in relation to artificialization of the environment in the french alps. epidemiologic effects].	the results presented in this study are based on observations made during some 10 years in the french alps and their surroundings. forest clusters, as they still cover comparatively large areas, are considered the most favorable foci for several ixodid species. recent studies, however, have shown that environment modified by man also harbours large populations of ticks. the spreading of certain species around and even into cities is actually taking place. the following categories of tick species ...	1982	6131593
marker stability of the skalica strain (from the tick-borne encephalitis complex) propagated in ixodes ricinus ticks.	ixodes ricinus larvae from the laboratory breed were infected on viraemic suckling mice inoculated with the skalica strain from the tick-borne encephalitis complex. the strain recovered from individual nymphs on days 39 and 54 after metamorphosis had the markers (ic+, sc-, t-, v-) identical with the original skalica strain.	1983	6135339