Publications

cloning sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the vp2 protein of the human group b rotavirus, adrv.	adult diarrheal rotavirus, adrv, is a noncultivable human group b rotavirus. a complete cdna copy of adrv gene segment 2 has been cloned and sequenced. gene segment 2 contains 2844 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 14 and terminating at base 2812. gene 2 encodes a protein containing 933 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 105.6 kda and a pl of 5.5. the gene 2 polypeptide contains significant homology with the vp2 protein which comprises the core of gro ...	1994	8178482
deletion mapping of the rotavirus metalloprotein ns53 (nsp1): the conserved cysteine-rich region is essential for virus-specific rna binding.	ns53 (nsp1), the gene 5 product of the group a rotaviruses, is a minor nonstructural protein of 486 to 495 amino acids which binds zinc and contains an amino-terminal highly conserved cysteine-rich region that may form one or two zinc fingers. to study the structure-function of the gene 5 product, wild-type and mutant forms of ns53 were produced by using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and a recombinant vaccinia virus/t7 (vtf7-3) expression system. analysis of the rna-binding activit ...	1994	8189533
nucleotide sequences of the vp4 and vp7 genes of a chinese lamb rotavirus: evidence for a new p type in a g10 type virus.	the vp7 and vp4 genes of a group a rotavirus (lp14) isolated from a lamb with diarrhea in qinhai province, china, in 1981 were reverse transcribed, amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced. the virus was found to possess a vp7 gene, classifying it as a g10 type, and a vp4 gene which showed only limited homology with any other known vp4 gene, suggesting its classification as a new p type and providing further evidence for the vast diversity of group a rotaviruses.	1993	8212593
the nonstructural glycoprotein of rotavirus affects intracellular calcium levels.	rotavirus infection of monkey kidney cells has been reported to result in a significant increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium. this increase in intracellular calcium was associated with viral protein synthesis and cytopathic effects in infected cells. we tested the effect of individual rotavirus proteins on intracellular calcium concentrations in insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. insect cells were infected with wild-type baculovirus or baculovirus recombinants that conta ...	1994	8254736
in vitro reconstitution of rotavirus transcriptional activity using viral cores and recombinant baculovirus expressed vp6.	purified baculovirus-expressed group a rotavirus vp6 polypeptide was shown to be active in the recovery of the transcriptase activity associated with the reconstitution of the single-shelled rotavirus particle. recombinant vp6 polypeptide was able to restore the transcriptional activity in purified viral cores from both sa-11 and rf rotavirus strains. recombinant group c vp 6 (cowden strain) is capable of binding as a trimer to group a viral core particles but unable to restore the transcriptase ...	1993	8257299
characterization of a group d rotavirus.	a rotavirus isolated from the intestinal contents of commercial ring-neck pheasant chicks was determined to be a group d rotavirus based on its rna electropherotype and its serologic relatedness to known turkey group a and d rotaviruses using immune electron microscopy and agar-gel immunodiffusion assays. further characterization revealed a buoyant density in cesium chloride of 1.347 g/cm3 for double-shelled particles and 1.365 g/cm3 for single-shelled particles. the average size for the pheasan ...	1993	8257366
evaluation of a probe hybridisation serotyping method for group a rotavirus.	serotype-specificity and sensitivity of oligonucleotide probes to serotype human rotaviruses was assessed. probes could detect as little as 6.3 ng of homologous rna and none reacted with as much as 100 ng of heterologous rna. northern-blot analysis revealed that probes reacted with one of genomic segments 7, 8 or 9 of corresponding serotypes.	1993	8263303
pcr detection of group a bovine rotaviruses in feces.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol has been developed for identification of bovine group a rotavirus infection in feces. primers (20mers) complementary to 3' ends of double-stranded rna genome segment 6 of bovine rotavirus ncdv strain were synthesized and used in pcr. bovine rotavirus rna from infected cell culture was employed to optimize the pcr protocol. rotavirus-negative fecal samples were spiked with known quantities of bovine rotavirus, and the sensitivity of the pcr assay was det ...	1993	8286448
rotavirus excretion in naturally infected pigs with and without diarrhoea.	seven hundred and fifty faecal samples from piglets ranging from 1 to 60 days old were studied for the presence of group a rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and by enzyme immunoassay (eia). from 451 diarrhoeic pigs, 117 (25.94%) were positive for rotavirus and only 45 (15.05%) of 299 pigs without diarrhoea excreted the virus (p < 0.005). when these animals were separated into four age groups with regard to the presence or absence of diarrhoea, it was observed that the excret ...	1993	8296448
molecular epidemiology and subgroup analysis of bovine group a rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in south african calves.	rotavirus-positive specimens were recovered from 143 afrikander calves on two farms in the northeastern cape of south africa during late 1988 and 1989. the rotavirus strains were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna genome, and four rotavirus rna electrophoretypes, each with a long profile, were identified. a distinct rna profile was identified on the farms during 1988, but by early 1989, two patterns existed, one unique to each farm. over the next 8 months a new electrophor ...	1993	8308133
identification of viruses with bi- and trisegmented double-stranded rna genome in faeces of children with gastroenteritis.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nucleic acid extracted from faecal samples of diarrhoeic children revealed the presence of group a rotavirus in 50 (23.4%) samples and group c rotavirus in 1 (0.5%) sample out of 214 tested. one other sample showed the presence of three bands (with apparent length of 2.92, 2.37 and 1.32 kbp) which by enzymatic digestion analysis, were shown to consist of double-stranded rna (dsrna). the sample was shown by electron microscopy to contain virus particles with ...	1993	8356343
baculovirus expression of gene 6 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus (gbr): coding assignment of the major inner capsid protein.	the polypeptide product of gene 6 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus was synthesized by means of a baculovirus expression system in order to confirm the coding assignment of the gene and to develop reagents broadly reactive with heterologous strains of group b rotaviruses (gbr). earlier experiments indicated that idir virus gene 6 encoded the group-specific, major inner capsid protein, but direct confirmation of this coding assignment was not previously reported. the expression of idir viru ...	1993	8382401
homotypic and heterotypic immune responses to group a rotaviruses in parenterally immunized sheep.	immune responses to human rotaviruses were investigated in sheep with a view to obtaining antibodies for passive immunotherapy of humans. eighteen adult sheep with previous natural exposure to rotavirus serotypes g3 and g6 were immunized parenterally with purified preparations of either individual rotavirus serotypes g1, g2, g3, g4 and g8, or a mixture thereof. two additional sheep were kept as control animals with the flock. the antibody responses were measured on serial serum samples by neutra ...	1993	8382420
restriction endonuclease analysis of the vp7 genes of human and animal rotaviruses.	the vp7 genes of 194 strains of group a rotaviruses representing all known g types were analyzed with three restriction enzymes by direct digestion of amplified cdna copies or by deduction of the restriction patterns from known sequences. mammalian rotavirus strains were classified into 28 restriction patterns consisting of combinations of the 6 profiles (s1 to s6) obtained by digestion with sau96i endonuclease, 9 profiles (h1 to h9) obtained with haeiii, and 15 profiles (b1 to b15) obtained wit ...	1993	8385152
identification and baculovirus expression of the vp4 protein of the human group b rotavirus adrv.	a complete cdna copy of the fourth rna segment of the human group b rotavirus adult diarrheal rotavirus (adrv) has been cloned into lambda phage and excised into plasmid psk bluescript. gene segment 4 contains 2,303 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 16 and terminating at base 2263. the encoded protein contains 749 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 84.4 kda and a pi of 6.1. gene 4 cdna was inserted into a recombinant baculovirus via homologous recombin ...	1993	8386274
group a rotaviruses produce extrahepatic biliary obstruction in orally inoculated newborn mice.	extrahepatic biliary atresia is a devastating disease occurring in 1 in 10,000 to 14,000 infants annually in the united states. we have recently described preliminary data suggesting an association of group c rotavirus with biliary atresia in two infants. however, a group c rotavirus animal model of biliary atresia is not presently available. on the other hand, some strains of the better-characterized and much more common group a rotaviruses produce hepatobiliary disease in infant mice. this dis ...	1993	8386833
serum and salivary responses to oral tetravalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine in newborns.	serum and salivary responses of 95 infants to either a standard (4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units (pfu), 47 neonates) or a high dose (4 x 10(5) pfu, 48 neonates) of tetravalent reassortant rhesus rotavirus vaccine (administered at 2 days and at 6 weeks of age) were evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial. serum and salivary iga antibodies to the rotavirus group a common antigen were determined by elisa and radioimmunoassay (ria). serum neutralizing antibodies to rhesus rotavirus were determined ...	1993	8387410
rotavirus protein nsp3 (ns34) is bound to the 3' end consensus sequence of viral mrnas in infected cells.	interaction between viral proteins and rnas has been studied in rotavirus-infected cells. the use of uv cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation and labeling with t4 polynucleotide kinase allowed us to detect interactions between rna and nonstructural viral proteins. the rnas linked to the nonstructural protein nsp3 have been identified as rotavirus mrnas, and the sequences of the rnase t1-protected fragments have been established. these sequences correspond to the 3' end sequence common to ...	1993	8388495
independent segregation of the vp4 and the vp7 genes in bovine rotaviruses as confirmed by vp4 sequence analysis of g8 and g10 bovine rotavirus strains.	we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the vp4 genes of five bovine rotavirus strains (a5, 61a, a44, b223 and kk3). the deduced vp4 amino acid sequence of strain a5 with g8 serotype specificity is 91.1% identical to that of strain ncdv of the serotype g6, and strain 61a with g10 serotype specificity has a vp4 amino acid sequence (95.2% identity) similar to that of the uk strain of the g6 serotype. in contrast, the vp4 amino acid sequences of strains a44, b223 and kk3 of the g10 serot ...	1993	8389807
sequence analysis of group b rotavirus gene 1 and definition of a rotavirus-specific sequence motif within the rna polymerase gene.	the complete nucleic acid sequence was determined for the largest genomic segment of the idir strain of group b rotavirus and compared with rna polymerase genes of rotavirus groups a and c as well as other rna viruses. idir gene 1 contained 3509 bases with a single, long open reading frame which encoded a deduced polypeptide of 1159 amino acids (mw = 131.6 kda; pl 8.851). the deduced amino acid sequence of idir gene 1 shared 50% similar sequences and 27.6% identical sequences with vp1 of the rf ...	1993	8390749
nucleotide sequence of gene 6 of avian-like group a rotavirus 993/83.	two cdna clones, which hybridized in northern blots to rna segment 6 of the homologous avian-like group a rotavirus (rv) 993/83 and pigeon rv po-13, but not to mammalian group a rotaviruses, were sequenced. the gene 6 sequence contained a single long open reading frame encoding a protein of 397 amino acids (total mw 44,460). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with vp6 protein from mammalian group a rv revealed 72 to 74.3% of amino acid identity. these values are surprisingly low in vi ...	1993	8393250
[cat sera neutralize rotaviruses of serotype g3].	group a rotaviruses play an important role for the induction of gastroenteritis. seroepidemiological studies evaluating the situation in humans have been performed previously. in this study data concerning the importance of group a rotavirus infections and the contribution of the most important serotypes are given for the domestic cat. 91% of the observed sera showed antibodies neutralizing serotype g 3. antibodies with neutralizing properties directed against other important human serotypes cou ...	1993	8393401
a one-year survey of rotavirus strains from three locations in bangladesh.	group a rotavirus strains from 3 locations in bangladesh collected over one year were examined. serotypes 1-4 were found throughout in 2 locations, whereas an epidemic of rv diarrhoea due to a single rotavirus strain occurred in one location.	1993	8394689
gene 5 of the idir agent (group b rotavirus) encodes a protein equivalent to ns34 of group a rotavirus.	gene 5 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in rbc lysates in order to identify the coding assignment. the complete nucleic acid sequence of idir gene 5 included 1306 bases and encoded a single long open reading frame of 390 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 44.8 kda. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated substantial identity with the ns34 protein of group a rotaviruses (gar). like gar ns34, the product deduced from idir ...	1993	8395119
experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free turkey poults with single and combined enterovirus and group a rotavirus.	this study was designed to investigate the effects of orally administered single and combined enterovirus and group a rotavirus in specific-pathogen-free poults of different ages. clinical signs, body-weight gain, d-xylose absorption, and morphometric analysis revealed that poults given the combined enterovirus/rotavirus inoculum were more severely affected than poults that received either inoculum alone. the poults developed a malabsorption syndrome early in the disease process, but by day 8 po ...	1993	8395805
isolation and identification of rotaviruses as aetiological agents of neonatal diarrhoea in kids. electrophoretical characterization by page.	six strains of cytopathogenic enteric virus for the continuous cell line ma-104 were isolated from samples of the diarrhoeic stools of kids (capra hyrcus) with acute enteritis. the samples were obtained from two stock farms (rm and si) in central italy. four viruses from the rm stock were identified as rotaviruses of the antigenic group a by the elisa test performed with sa-11 antirotavirus monoclonal antibodies and the direct immunofluorescence test with igg bovine antirotavirus. electrophoreti ...	1993	8396195
distinct yearly change of serotype distribution of human rotavirus in thailand as determined by elisa and pcr.	a total of 241 group a rotavirus-positive stool samples collected from diarrhoeic patients in thailand between july 1988 and june 1991 were characterized for their serotypes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies and by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in july 1988-june 1989, serotype 1 was the most prevalent (63.4%), followed by serotype 4 (11.0%) and serotype 2 (8.5%). in july 1989-june 1990, 59.8% were serotype 1, 24.3% were serotype 2, an ...	1993	8405164
detection of rotavirus serotypes g1, g2, g3, and g11 in feces of diarrheic calves by using polymerase chain reaction-derived cdna probes.	on the basis of antigenic variability in the vp7 outer capsid glycoprotein, at least 14 g serotypes exist for group a rotaviruses. serotypic diversity exists among bovine rotaviruses (brv), with serotypes g1, g6, g8, and g10 reported for cattle. although g1 and g8 rotaviruses were originally described for humans, the recent isolation of g6 and g10 rotaviruses from humans further emphasizes the serotypic similarity between human and bovine rotaviruses and the possible zoonotic potential of rotavi ...	1993	8408573
genomic concatemerization/deletion in rotaviruses: a new mechanism for generating rapid genetic change of potential epidemiological importance.	three variants of group a rotavirus with large changes in their gene 5 structures have been analyzed at the molecular level. the first of these, p9 delta 5, was obtained during plaque purification undertaken as part of the biological cloning of a field isolate of virus. the gene 5 homolog in this isolate migrated just ahead of the normal segment 6 rna, giving an estimated size of 1,300 bp. molecular cloning and sequencing of this homolog revealed it to have a single 308-bp deletion in the center ...	1993	8411365
enteric adenovirus infection among infants with diarrhea in rural bangladesh.	a total of 4,409 stool specimens from infants less than 5 years of age seeking treatment for diarrhea in matlab, bangladesh, were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by using an enzyme immunoassay (eia). eia-positive stool samples were serotyped with monoclonal antibodies specific for adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and ad41 and group antigen, inoculated into graham g293 cells, and retested by eia. of adenovirus-positive cultures, 125 (2.8%) specimens were confirmed as enteric adenoviruses (eads), ...	1993	8458940
prevalence of serotypes g6 and g10 group a rotaviruses in dairy calves in quebec.	fecal samples from diarrheic and nondiarrheic dairy calves (1 to 3 weeks old) from 12 regions of quebec, collected between 1992 and 1994, were screened for group a bovine rotavirus (brv) using a combination of 2 vp6-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the overall prevalence of brv infection was 26.4% (107/405). in diarrheic calves, brv infection reached 74.3% (55/74), but only 15.7% (52/331) in nondiarrheic calves. brv-positive samples were sero ...	1995	8521359
molecular characterization of the 11th rna segment from human group c rotavirus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment 11 from the noncultivatable, human group c rotavirus (bristol strain) was determined. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the segment termini with the consensus 5' and 3' terminal noncoding sequences of the human group c rotavirus genome revealed characteristic 5' and 3' sequences. human group c rotavirus genome segment 11 is 613 bp long and encodes a single open reading frame of 450 nucleotides (150 amino acids) starting at nucleotide 39 a ...	1995	8560785
subclasses of iga antibodies in serum and saliva samples of newborns and infants immunized against rotavirus.	little is known about subclass levels of iga in serum or saliva of infants in the perinatal period. we have previously shown that very young infants are capable of responding to an experimental rotavirus vaccine with both serum and salivary iga, and that small amounts of iga are already detectable in cord blood of these infants. in the present study, total iga1 and iga2 antibodies in serum and saliva samples of some of these infants at birth, at 6 weeks of age, and at 12 weeks of age, were deter ...	1996	8565301
an unusual group-a rotavirus associated with an epidemic of diarrhea among three-month-old calves.	during the 1992 and 1993 breeding seasons, epidemics of diarrhea among calves approximately 3 months old in a cow/calf operation were reported. rotavirus was determined to be the probable cause, but because rotavirus typically affects younger calves, further investigations were conducted to determine the characteristics of the virus. virus isolated from the feces of 1 affected calf was found to be antigenically distinct from the vaccine strain used. the primary water source was a slough, and rap ...	1996	8603906
sensitive detection of group a rotaviruses by immunomagnetic separation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.	an immunomagnetic separation (ims) method was developed for concentrating rotaviruses from environmental samples, as well as a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the sensitive and specific detection of group a rotaviruses. magnetic beads were coated with monoclonal antibodies directed against the group-specific, inner capsid protein (vp6) and subsequently used to capture and purify the virus with the help of a magnet. the genome was made available for rt by heat-disrupt ...	1995	8609198
genetic and antigenic characterization of a serotype g6 human rotavirus isolated in melbourne, australia.	an unusual rotavirus strain, mg6, was isolated from a 16-month-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the virus could not be serotyped (g-typed) by enzyme immunoassay using standard reagents specific for common serotypes of human group a rotaviruses. nucleotide sequencing of cdna derived from the gene encoding the outer capsid protein, vp7, and deduction of the vp7 amino acid sequence indicated that this strain belonged to serotype g6, a serotype normally associated with viru ...	1995	8636702
cross-reactive, serotype- and monotype-specific neutralization epitopes on vp7 of serotype g3 and g5 porcine rotavirus strains.	vp7 specific monoclonal antibodies raised against serotype g5 porcine rotavirus strains isolated in venezuela showed either a serotype g5- or monotype-specific pattern of reactivity by neutralization against a panel of 53 group a rotavirus isolates representative of all established g serotypes. monoclonal antibodies raised against two g3 porcine strains were either specific for a subset of porcine g3 strains or reactive with another subset of porcine g3 strains and with most g5 strains. neither ...	1996	8645098
sequence comparison of the vp7 gene encoding the outer capsid glycoprotein among animal and human group c rotaviruses.	the nucleotide sequences of the outer capsid glycoprotein (vp7) genes from the shintoku bovine and the hf and wh porcine group c rotaviruses were determined and compared with those of the published corresponding genes from the cowden porcine and ehime human group c rotaviruses. the vp7 genes of all 5 strains were 1063 nucleotides in length and possess one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 332 amino acids. comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences indicated that 85.2-97. ...	1996	8645106
hyperimmune cow colostrum reduces diarrhoea due to rotavirus: a double-blind, controlled clinical trial.	the therapeutic efficacy of hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc) from cows immunized with four serotypes of human rotavirus was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized trial in 75 boys, aged 6-24 months, infected with rotavirus diarrhoea. the treatment group received 100 ml of hbc three times a day for 3 consecutive days, while the controls received the same amount of bovine colostrum from significantly shorter duration of diarrhoea than the controls (median 56 versus 72 h (p<0.001); confidence in ...	1995	8652974
an epidemiological study on viral infantile diarrhoea in tirana.	during the period may 1993-april 1994, an epidemiological survey was conducted on enteric viruses which cause gastroenteritis in infants and young children in tirana, albania. specimens from 321 cases were screened by direct electron microscopy and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for rotavirus group a antigen. by ultrastructural analysis, rotaviruses were detected in 10.3% of cases and adenoviruses in 0.6%, whereas small round structured viruses and small round viruses were foun ...	1996	8673857
isolation and subgrouping of rotaviruses from buffalo calves in sri lanka.	twenty-eight faecal specimens from sri lankan buffalo calves shown to be positive for rotavirus group a antigen were subgrouped by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using monoclonal antibodies prepared against subgroup i and ii antigens. the 13 of the 28 specimens which were classified as strongly positive belonged to subgroup i. three of five faecal specimens inoculated on to roller cultures of ma104 cells yielded group a subgroup i rotavirus. as with other group a rotaviruses isolated f ...	1996	8685545
a molecular epidemiological study of porcine rotaviruses.	diarrhoea in the piglet can lead to stunted growth and neonatal death, with important implications for the pig farmer. during 1993, a pilot study was initiated to monitor the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in piglets with diarrhoea. bimonthly diarrhoeal faecal specimens were collected from scouring piglets less than 6 weeks of age on a pig farm in the northern transvaal. the stool specimens were examined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rotavirus eia, idl, jerusalem). in t ...	1995	8691407
role of maternally derived circulating antibodies in protection of neonatal swine against porcine group a rotavirus.	the ability of maternally derived antibodies in the circulation of neonatal pigs to protect against challenge with virulent porcine group a rotavirus (osu strain) was evaluated. groups of neonatal pigs with nondetectable (group 1), low (group 2), or high (group 3) serum levels of osu rotavirus-specific maternally derived antibodies were challenged with virulent osu rotavirus at 3 days of age and monitored for infection and disease. control pigs were sham-inoculated with diluent at 3 days of age. ...	1996	8699055
development of mucosal and systemic lymphoproliferative responses and protective immunity to human group a rotaviruses in a gnotobiotic pig model.	gnotobiotic pigs were orally inoculated with virulent wa strain (g1p1a[8]) human rotavirus (group 1), attenuated wa rotavirus (group 2) or diluent (controls) and were challenged with virulent wa rotavirus 21 days later. on various postinoculation or postchallenge days, virus-specific responses of systemic (blood and spleen) and intestinal (mesenteric lymph node and ileal lamina propria) mononuclear cells (mnc) were assessed by lymphoproliferative assays (lpa). after inoculation, 100% of group 1 ...	1996	8705681
caprine and bovine b rotaviruses in western france: group identification by northern hybridization.	in a survey of coronavirus and rotavirus-induced neonatal diarrhoea in 373 calves from 284 farms, nine (2.4%) of the animals were found to be infected with non-group a rotaviruses when their faeces were analysed in a commercial elisa and by page. seven out of eight 1-4- day-old kids from a single farm were also infected with similar viruses. in a mini-page, all the viruses displayed group b- and/or e-like 4223 electrophoretypes. in northern hybridizations with cdna chemiluminescent probes specif ...	1996	8721296
electropherotypes of rotavirus strains causing gastroenteritis in infants and young children in tirana, albania, from 1988 to 1991.	during 1988-1991, an epidemiological survey was conducted in tirana (albania) on group a rotavirus strains which cause gastroenteritis in infants and young children. rotaviruses were detected in 312 of 1,241 (25.1%) examined specimens from children with acute diarrhoea. viruses were detected throughout the study period. among the 72 rotavirus strains tested for double-stranded rna (dsrna) electrophoretic migration pattern, 9 different electropherotypes were recognized, 1 of those being more freq ...	1995	8722294
serological and genomic characterization of porcine rotaviruses in thailand: detection of a g10 porcine rotavirus.	a total of 557 fecal specimens collected from piglets with diarrhea in thailand were examined for rotavirus rna by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. twenty-three, one, and two samples were positive for group a, group b, and group c rotaviruses, respectively. two samples exhibited two segments found in picobirnavirus rna. rna electropherotyping of 23 group a rotaviruses showed that they were classified into five patterns. by serotyping by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pcr, viruses in 3 ...	1996	8727874
demonstration of a lack of synergistic effect of rotavirus with other diarrheal pathogens on severity of diarrhea in children.	the severity of group a rotavirus (rv) diarrhea was compared with that of mixed infections of rv with diarrheagenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae o1, and shigella species by a scoring system. the severity of mixed infections of rv and e. coli was the same as that of infections with rv alone. rv infections mixed with v. cholerae and shigella species mimicked cholera and shigellosis, respectively.	1996	8727937
evaluation of a one-step test for rapid, in practice detection of rotavirus in farm animals.	an immunochromatographic test for the detection of group a rotavirus was evaluated against a reference group a rotavirus elisa, by using a panel of 161 bovine, porcine and equine faecal samples submitted for routine examination. the sensitivity of the test was 89 per cent and the specificity 99 per cent compared with the elisa. its reproducibility was 100 per cent. the simplicity and rapidity of the test procedure make it suitable for use in practice.	1996	8732193
hospital admissions attributable to rotavirus infection in england and wales.	laboratory reports and data on hospital admissions were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations due to group a rotavirus infection in england and wales. between january 1990 and december 1994, there were 75,059 laboratory reports of rotavirus infection, and 66,062 of these were in children <5 years old; rotavirus represented 39% of all pathogens identified in fecal specimens from this age group. between april 1993 and march 1994, 1904 hospital admissions coded as "infectious intestinal d ...	1996	8752285
efficacy of a quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus-based human rotavirus vaccine aimed at preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children.	the most extensively explored strategy for rotavirus vaccination has been the jennerian approach, which uses an antigenically related rotavirus strain from an animal host as the immunogen to induce protection against the 4 epidemiologically important group a rotavirus vp7 serotypes. because this approach has shown limited efficacy, a modified jennerian approach was developed with the goal of achieving broader antigenic coverage. four vp7 serotypes were incorporated into a quadrivalent vaccine co ...	1996	8752293
group a rotavirus veterinary vaccines.	group a rotaviruses cause diarrhea in young livestock and poultry; consequently, vaccination strategies have focused on induction of active or passive immunity. gnotobiotic pigs and calves serve as useful models to evaluate induction of active immunity by candidate animal or human rotavirus vaccines. however, live attenuated rotavirus vaccines lacked efficacy when administered orally to calves and pigs in the field, presumably because colostral antibodies inhibited vaccine virus replication. the ...	1996	8752298
role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in spain.	faeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1-45 days were examined for enteric pathogens. cryptosporidium parvum was detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45%) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. f5+ (k99+) and/or f41+ escherichia coli strains were isolated from 26% and 22% of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins st i or lt i, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoe ...	1996	8760970
unusual diversity of human rotavirus g and p genotypes in india.	between april and december 1993, we determined p and g genotypes of group a rotavirus strains obtained from children admitted to diarrhea treatment centers in five indian cities. from a total of 63 rotavirus-positive specimens, we identified 10 different strains with five different g genotypes and four distinct p types by using reverse transcription-pcr. the common worldwide strains g1p8, g2p4, g3p8, and g4p8 were underrepresented among indian children (33%), whereas strains of p type 6 (g1p6, g ...	1996	8789033
phosphorylation generates different forms of rotavirus nsp5.	nsp5 (non-structural protein 5) is one of two proteins encoded by genome segment 11 of group a rotaviruses. in virus-infected cells nsp5 accumulates in the virosomes and is found as two polypeptides with molecular masses of 26 and 28 kda (26k and 28k proteins). nsp5 has been previously shown to be post-translationally modified by the addition of o-linked monosaccharide residues of n-acetylglucosamine and also by phosphorylation. we have now found that, as a consequence of phosphorylation, a comp ...	1996	8811003
diversity of rotavirus strains infecting pediatric patients in new delhi, india.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of rotavirus can provide information on variation in rotavirus strain prevalent in the community. in the present study 157 samples were collected from children below 5 years of age presenting with acute diarrhoea from may to december, 1990 at safdarjung hospital, new delhi. seventy-one (45 percent) of these stool samples were positive for rotavirus by elisa. sixty-seven samples showed discernible rna pattern of group a rotavirus by page. it was found tha ...	1996	8816032
enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, rotavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, adenovirus and calici-like virus in porcine postweaning diarrhoea in hungary.	in order to obtain data about the significance of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), and of the different enteric viruses in the aetiology of porcine postweaning diarrhoea, bacteriological, electron microscopic and elisa studies were made on dead and live pigs. e. coli from the small intestine of diarrhoeal weaned pigs that died were tested for serogroups, pili (fimbriae) and toxin-geno-type. the 108 haemolytic e. coli representing 14 farms and 42 pigs were typed as follows: 0149:k88+etec (56.5%), ...	1996	8826697
subgroup determination of group a rotaviruses recovered from piglets in nigeria.	subgroup analysis using subgroup-specific monoclonal elisa revealed a preponderance of subgroup 2-specific antigens of group a porcine rotaviruses over subgroup 1. of 113 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-positive test samples, obtained from 4 states of nigeria, 31 (27.4%) and 45 (39.8%) were determined to have subgroup 1 and 2 specificities, respectively. however, 37 (32.7%) test samples could not be classified into any of the known group a rotavirus subgroups. these "unclassifiable" samples p ...	1995	8833268
outbreak of severe gastroenteritis in adults and children associated with type g2 rotavirus. study group on diarrhea of the instituto adolfo lutz.	an outbreak of severe gastroenteritis affecting 132 adults and children occurred in the small city of mirassol, são paulo, brazil, in 1992. the outbreak of diarrhoeal disease had an abrupt onset and afflicted all age segments of the population. group a rotavirus was the only pathogen associated with the epidemic. it was detected in 12 of the 27 (44%) stool specimens analyzed and was identified as serotype g2 rotavirus. severe dehydration was common among adults and older children, and 35% of all ...	1996	8870397
the 3'-terminal consensus sequence of rotavirus mrna is the minimal promoter of negative-strand rna synthesis.	we used an in vitro template-dependent replicase assay (d. chen, c. zeng, m. wentz, m. gorziglia, m. estes, and r. ramig. j. virol. 68:7030-7039, 1994) to identify the cis-acting signals required for replication of a genome segment 9 template from the group a rotavirus strain osu. the replicase phenotypes for a panel of templates with internal deletions or 3'-terminal truncations indicated that no essential replication signals were present within the open reading frame and that key elements were ...	1996	8892905
the characterization of vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) genes of bovine group a rotaviruses from field samples using rt-pcr and rflp analysis.	characterization of the vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) genes of bovine group a rotaviruses (brv) from field samples was performed using rt-pcr and rflp analysis. after rt-pcr amplification of the full length vp7 genes and partial length vp4 genes (nucleotides 1 to 1096), four enzymes, ecorv, nlaiv, bamhi and hpaii were used for digestion analysis. for vp7, four rflp profiles were observed after analysis of the digests: they were designated as g6, g6s (subtype, showed about 86% nucleotide and 90% ...	1996	8893794
genetic stability of a porcine rotavirus rna segment during repeated plaque isolation.	the porcine group a rotavirus cc86 was characterized to explore its utility as a tool for mutation analysis. it has a semiduplication of the gene 11 rna segment. nucleotide sequence determination of cdna confirmed that the nsp5 coding sequence and the conserved nontranslated termini of the rna segment were retained. a comparison of the nsp5 genes of cc86 and cn86 that were isolated from the same fecal specimen showed eight base pair changes, suggesting that cn86 was not the immediate progenitor ...	1996	8918545
evaluation of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt/pcr) for the detection of rotaviruses: applications of the assay.	our aim was to evaluate the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt/pcr) technique for the detection of rotavirus shedding by infected children as a routine diagnostic procedure, in comparison to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), electron microscopy (em) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of rotavirus double-stranded rna. two-hundred and twenty stool specimens were collected from infants and young children with diarrhoea, and 10-20% faecal suspensions were ...	1996	8958588
the vp3 gene of human group c rotavirus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment 4 from the human group c rotavirus (bristol strain) was determined. comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the genome termini with the consensus 5' and 3' terminal non-coding sequences of the human group c rotavirus genome revealed characteristic 5' and 3' sequence motifs. human group c rotavirus genome segment 4 is 2,166bp long and encodes a single open reading frame of 2,082 nucleotides (693 amino acids) starting at nucleotide 55 and termin ...	1996	8972570
identification of a t-helper cell epitope on the rotavirus vp6 protein.	in this work, we have studied the t-helper (th)-cell response against rotavirus, in a mouse model. adult balb/c mice were inoculated parenterally with porcine rotavirus ym, and the th-cell response from spleen cells against the virus and two overlapping fragments of the major capsid protein vp6 (vp6(1-192) and vp6(171-397)) were evaluated in vitro. the th cells recognized the ym virus and the two protein fragments, suggesting that there are at least two th-cell epitopes on the vp6 molecule. to s ...	1997	8985366
natural history of human rotavirus infection.	rotavirus infections occur repeatedly in humans from birth to old age. most are asymptomatic or are associated with mild enteric symptoms. infection in young children can be accompanied by severe life-threatening diarrhea, most commonly after primary infection. annual childhood morbidity rates for severe diarrhea are similar worldwide. mortality rates are low in developed countries but approach 1,000,000 annually in young children in developing countries. rotaviruses can be classified into group ...	1996	9015109
protective immunity against group a rotavirus infection and illness in infants.	understanding of the protective effect provided by natural rotavirus infections against subsequent rotavirus infections is required for evaluating vaccine development programs. prior studies of the protective efficacy of natural infections and correlates of natural protection are reviewed and results from several studies presented only in abstract form are summarized to provide a current assessment of knowledge in this area. six cohort studies have reported rates for the protective efficacy of a ...	1996	9015110
prophylaxis of rotavirus gastroenteritis using immunoglobulin.	oral inoculation of the human group a rotavirus mo strain (g serotype 3) into 5-day-old balb/c mice causes gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea. using this small animal model, passive protection of suckling mice against human rotavirus infection was achieved with the use of immunoglobulin (igy) from the yolks of eggs of rotavirus-immunized hens. when igy against the rotavirus strain homotypic with the challenge virus (mo strain) was administered to mice, complete protection was achieved. af ...	1996	9015118
characterization of rotaviral rna isolated from children with gastroenteritis in poland.	rotaviruses were detected in 37% (331/895) of stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis attending three hospitals in warsaw between january 1981 and march 1994. an analysis of rotavirus electrophoretypes circulating in warsaw and cracow, poland, over 6 years showed that all 176 electrophoretypes encountered were characteristic of group a rotaviruses. based on variations in the migration pattern of rna genome segments when passed through polyacrylamide gels, 10 different electr ...	1996	9017144
lack of evidence for rotavirus by polymerase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay of hepatobiliary samples from children with biliary atresia.	the purpose of this study was to analyze hepatobiliary samples of patients with biliary atresia for rotavirus groups. a, b, and c, because group a rotavirus had been used to produce an animal model of the disease and group c rotavirus had been found in hepatobiliary samples from one group of patients. biliary remnants and liver tissue from 10 biliary atresia and 14 control patients with other liver diseases were examined for rotavirus groups a, b, and c using nonisotopic, reverse transcriptase p ...	1997	9029644
rapid vertical agarose: silver stain detection of rotavirus.	human rotaviruses (hrv) are the most important etiologic agents of acquired diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. therefore, the early diagnosis is essential for effective patient management and infection control. we have developed a rapid, simple technique for the diagnosis of rotavirus based on the sensitive detection of rotavirus double-stranded rna genome segments separated in vertical agarose gels and developed by silver staining (age-ss). this method also has the ability to det ...	1997	9095532
isolation of serotype g8, p6[1] bovine rotavirus from adult cattle with diarrhea.	two electrophoretically identical strains of group a rotavirus were isolated from diarrheic cows aged 3, 4, and 7 years on a dairy farm in japan. they had a rare serotype combination of g8 and p6[1] and were shown by rna-rna hybridization to be most closely related to bovine strain ncdv-lincoln (g6p6[1]).	1997	9114422
seroepidemiology of human group c rotavirus in the uk.	the gene coding for the major inner capsid protein vp6 of human group c rotavirus was cloned into baculovirus using the pbluebac2 vector and expressed in insect cells. when cultured in high five cells, vp6 was expressed at a high level and exported to the cell culture medium. purified vp6 was used to immunise rabbits. hyperimmune rabbit serum, which reacted with native human group c rotavirus in infected cells, was used to develop and optimise an eia for the detection of antibodies to group c ro ...	1997	9131463
prevalence and characteristics of severe rotavirus infections in nicaraguan children.	we analyzed the prevalence of rotavirus in 296 children age between 3 and 36 months who were hospitalized in 1994 with severe gastro-enteritis at two health centres for diarrhoea treatment in león, nicaragua. enteric viruses were detected in 96 (32.4%) of the children and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens detected in 84 (28%). the majority of rotavirus infections occurred in children less than 1 year old and all strains isolated belonged to subgroup ii and had 'long' rna patterns. molec ...	1997	9176574
identification of a new genogroup of aquareovirus by rna-rna hybridization.	the relative mobilities of the 11 dsrna genomic segments of 22 aquareovirus isolates from fish and shellfish obtained from different geographical areas of the world were compared by page. using reciprocal rna-rna dot blot hybridization, a new sixth genetic group of aquareovirus (genogroup f) was identified. genogroup a was represented by eight and genogroup b by 12 isolates. the remaining two isolates represented the new sixth genogroup (genogroup f). the genetic relationship of these aquareovir ...	1997	9191934
characterization of a porcine enterocyte receptor for group a rotavirus.	we have identified, purified to apparent homogeneity and chemically characterized a biologically-relevant porcine enterocyte receptor for group a porcine rotavirus. ceramide glycanase digestion followed by acid hydrolysis and monosaccharide compositional analyses indicated the receptor is a family of two gm, gangliosides, one containing n-glycolyl-neuraminic acid and the other n-acetylneuraminic acid. both gangliosides displayed dose-dependent inhibition of rotavirus binding to, and infectivity ...	1997	9192005
isolation and characterization of cytopathic strains of rotavirus from hares (lepus europaeus).	ten cytopathic rotavirus were recovered from stools of leverets affected by an enteric syndrome. the ten isolates, examined by means of elisa and sds-pa-ge, were identified as group a rotaviruses.	1997	9208423
protective immunity induced by rotavirus dna vaccines.	it is estimated that group a rotavirus diarrhea causes as many as one million deaths per year in children worldwide, and effective vaccines will be essential for their control. plasmid dna vaccines encoding murine rotaviral proteins vp4, vp6, or vp7 were tested in adult balb/c mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. the vaccines were administered by inoculation into cells of the epidermis with an accell gene gun. (auragen, inc., middl ...	1997	9234543
new aspects in a murine model for extrahepatic biliary atresia.	the cause of extrahepatic biliary atresia (ehba) remains unknown, and even an animal model is still lacking. observations in a murine infectious model (newborn balb/c mice infected with rhesus rotavirus group a [rrv]) reported extrahepatic biliary obstruction similar to findings in children who have ehba. in the present study, this animal experiment was repeated, and the clinical and histomorphologic changes were observed over 3 weeks. eighty-nine newborn mice were infected with rrv, and 67% sho ...	1997	9269968
identification of bovine rotaviruses in venezuela: antigenic and molecular characterization of a bovine rotavirus strain.	two serotypes of bovine group a rotaviruses were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) in 20 of 171 faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic calves in two dairy farms in venezuela. by serotyping elisa using g and p serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies, bovine rotaviruses (brv) circulating on one farm were identified as serotype g6, while brvs circulating on the other farm were identified as serotype g10. only one brv (033) could be suc ...	1997	9272580
isolation and identification of avian rotavirus from pheasant chicks with signs of clinical enteritis.	three rotaviruses were isolated from intestinal contents obtained from a flock of 6-8-day-old pheasant chicks showing diarrhoea and increased mortality. the isolates were characterized as avian group a rotavirus by immunoenzymatic technique (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page).	1997	9280387
production of reassortant viruses containing human rotavirus vp4 and sa11 vp7 for measuring neutralizing antibody following natural infection.	the outer capsid proteins vp4 and vp7 of group a rotaviruses are both targets of neutralizing antibody produced following natural infection in humans. of interest is the relative importance and immunodominance of each protein in the generation of a protective immune response. in order to measure neutralizing antibody responses to vp4 and vp7 separately, reassortants bearing vp4 of each of the major human rotavirus p types with vp7 of sa11 origin were successfully produced by neutralizing monoclo ...	1997	9302196
rna profile and structural protein analysis of rotaviruses isolated from diarrhoeal calves in india.	two isolates of group a rotaviruses (cr129 and cr156) were isolated from faecal samples of diarrhoeal calves reared in two dairy farms at hisar (haryana, india) by using ma-104 cell lines. these isolates were compared with three standard reference bovine rotaviruses, uk, ncdv and b223, to reveal differences, if any, in their genome and protein migration profiles. the migration of rna segment 4 of cr129 was slower than that of ncdv, but faster than that of uk. segment 10 of cr156 moved faster tha ...	1997	9308295
serotyping of group a rotaviruses in egyptian neonates and infants less than 1 year old with acute diarrhea.	group a human rotavirus g serotypes were detected in stool specimens from neonates and infants with and without acute diarrhea in cairo by using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. serotypes g1 and g4 predominated in all age groups. mixed (g1 plus g4) and nontypeable specimens represented 16.1 and 38.7% of the total number serotyped, respectively.	1997	9350778
restriction endonucleases whose sites are predictable from the amino acid sequence offer an improved strategy for typing bovine rotaviruses.	variation in the third base of a codon hampers genotypic characterization, particularly of rna viruses. some restriction endonucleases, however, have a recognition site with a variable base at the third position and will always cleave when a certain amino acid pair occurs (such as glycine-proline for sau96i and glutamic or aspartic acid followed by serine usually for hinfi). we developed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) procedure based on these enzymes for p-typing bovine group ...	1997	9375295
comparison of enzyme immunoassay, pcr, and type-specific cdna probe techniques for identification of group a rotavirus gene 4 types (p types).	this study was designed to evaluate three techniques most commonly used to identify the vp4 (p) types of human group a fecal rotaviruses. the techniques included pcr with nested primers and hybridization with pcr-generated probes (to determine the p genotypes). the results obtained by these genetic techniques were evaluated against those obtained by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) incorporating neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) reacting with three major human p serotypes (serotypes p1a, p1 ...	1997	9399502
comparison of electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination for the detection of bovine rotavirus in faeces.	the performance characteristics of 2 enzyme immunoassays (elisas) and 4 latex agglutination assays (lxs) were evaluated for the detection of bovine rotavirus in faecal specimens of young calves with diarrhoea. a total of 26 specimens from calves less than 5 months of age were examined with different commercial assays and compared with electron microscopy (em) as the gold standard and with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) for the detection of atypical, non-group a rotaviruses. in the 2nd ...	1997	9408894
survey of human group c rotaviruses in japan during the winter of 1992 to 1993.	fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in japan over a 6-month period (november 1992 to april 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group a rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group c rotaviruses (chrvs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for chrv, indicating that chrvs are widely distributed across japan. m ...	1998	9431910
etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in melbourne, australia, from april 1980 to march 1993.	acute infectious diarrhea is common in children. control requires knowledge of causes. few comprehensive long-term studies of etiology have been undertaken in developed countries. this report is of a 13-year survey of 4,637 children from 0 to 14 years of age, admitted to a large children's hospital for treatment of gastroenteritis, in which viruses, bacteria, and parasites were sought. a recognized enteric pathogen was identified in 56.6% of children. group a rotaviruses occurred in 39.6% of chi ...	1998	9431936
prevalence of human group a rotavirus serotypes in pune, india (1990-1993).	a total of 205 specimens positive for rotaviruses obtained during 1990-93 surveillance studies of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea were tested by elisa for g serotypes. of these, 107 (52.19%) specimens could be serotyped. seventy four specimens were assigned to one of the g1-g4 serotypes. of the 74 specimens, 49 (66.2%) reacted with mab against g2. of 107 typeable specimens, 33 showed dual or multiple reactivity. eighteen specimens reacted with mab specific to g1 and g2 serotypes. five speci ...	1997	9439097
short sequences define genetic lineages: phylogenetic analysis of group a rotaviruses based on partial sequences of genome segments 4 and 9.	genetic diversity in strains of human group a rotaviruses was analysed by phylogenetic methods. the study material comprised 109 serotype g1 or g4 rotavirus samples isolated in finland during 1986-1990. parts of the coding regions of rotaviral genome segments 4 and 9, which encode proteins with serotype specificity, the spike protein vp4 (p serotype) and the outer capsid protein vp7 (g serotype), respectively, were sequenced. as determined by analysis of segment 4 sequences all g1 strains and al ...	1998	9472616
assembly of viroplasm and virus-like particles of rotavirus by a semliki forest virus replicon.	in this study we have used an expression system based on semliki forest virus (sfv) to study assembly and intracellular localization of certain capsid proteins of rotavirus in neurons and mammalian epithelial cells. the complete genes of vp2 (vp2a) and vp6 (vp6a) of group a rotavirus (sa-11) and gene 5 encoding vp6 (vp6c) of porcine group c rotavirus (strain cowden/amc-1) were inserted into an sfv expression replicon. transfection of bhk-21 cells with in vitro-made sfv transcripts resulted in a ...	1998	9514960
rotavirus vaccines.	encouraging results have been reported from several large trials of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine, with efficacy of 70-80% against severe disease. a recent venezuelan study showed similar results to trials in usa and europe. the vaccine may soon be licensed in usa. it provides the exciting prospect of a strategy to prevent one of the world's major child killers. other candidate vaccines are under development including human-bovine reassortants, neonatal strains, non-replicating rotaviruse ...	1998	9553287
serological and genomic characterization of human rotaviruses detected in china.	a total of 1,385 stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea at two hospitals in wuhan, hubei province, china, in 1994 and 1995, and screened for rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral rna. group a rotavirus was detected with high frequency; 56.5% (87/154) and 40.8% (502/1,231) of the specimens collected in 1994 and 1995, respectively, were positive for rotavirus. assignment of g serotype and p type (vp4 genotype) of group a rotavirus by elisa with monoclonal ant ...	1998	9598939
the role of environmental contamination with small round structured viruses in a hospital outbreak investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay.	in may 1994 an outbreak of vomiting and diarrhoea occurred in a 28-bed long-stay ward for the mentally infirm. the predominant symptoms were vomiting, diarrhoea, malaise and abdominal pain lasting for approximately 12 h in most cases. the attack rate was 62% (13/21) for patients and 46% (16/35) for staff members. infection control measures were implemented (containment of infectious individuals, hand hygiene among staff and environmental decontamination) and the ward was closed to admissions. af ...	1998	9617683
molecular and immunologic characterization of group a bovine rotavirus field isolates with p8[11] spike protein.	bovine rotavirus strain b223 is the north american prototype for group a p8[11] serotype/genotype rotaviruses. rotaviruses with this serotype/genotype are a prevalent cause of neonatal calf diarrhea and have also been isolated from asymptomatic human infants. on the basis of deduced amino acid sequence of the outer capsid viral protein 4 (vp4), strain b223 lacks a cysteine at position 318 that is conserved among all other rotavirus strains. it has been speculated that this may result in the loss ...	1998	9645207
conserved structural features of nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 between group a and group c rotaviruses.	the nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 of group c human rotavirus strain ehime 9301 was determined to be 150 amino acids in length and 96% identical with the nsp4 of another group c human rotavirus strain bristol. both nsp4 sequences were virtually unrelated to group a rotavirus nsp4s. however, the structural features of group a and group c rotavirus nsp4s were similar with hydrophobic domains being in the amino terminus and a coiled coil domain after the membrane-spanning domain, although group c ...	1997	9672644
nigerian rotavirus serotype g8 could not be typed by pcr due to nucleotide mutation at the 3' end of the primer binding site.	a rotavirus strain hmg89 from nigeria with short electrophoretic pattern was typed g3 by pcr. a cdna clone from the pcr product which hybridised in northern blots to rna segment 9 of the homologous nigerian rotavirus strain hmg89 and laboratory reference strain 69m but not to other mammalian group a rotaviruses was sequenced. the vp7 gene 9 sequence is 1060 nucleotides long with two base deletions at positions 1034-1035. sequence analysis of the primer (aat8) used in the previous pcr serotyping ...	1997	9672646
distribution of g serotypes and p genotypes of bovine group a rotavirus isolated in japan.	to identify the distribution of g serotype and p genotype of bovine group a rotavirus in japan.	1998	9673768
serotypic characterization of outer capsid spike protein vp4 of vervet monkey rotavirus sa11 strain.	the vervet monkey rotavirus sa11, a prototype strain of group a rotaviruses, has been shown to possess vp7 serotype 3 specificity but its neutralization specificity with regard to the other outer capsid protein vp4 has not been elucidated. we thus determined its vp4 specificity by two-way cross-neutralization with guinea pig antiserum prepared with a single gene substitution reassortant that had only the vp4-encoding gene from the simian rotavirus sa11 strain and remaining ten genes from human r ...	1998	9687880