Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| 2'5'oligo(a) polymerase activity and inhibition of viral rna synthesis in interferon-treated hela cells. | 1979 | 219884 | |
| [current knowledge in the field of insulin-dependent diabetes]. | 1979 | 220694 | |
| rat interferons. vi. heterologous interferon in the treatment of viral infections. | in previous studies in vitro we demonstrated the protection of mouse cells against viral infections by rat interferon. in continuation, the present paper reports results of a study designed to confirm this heterospecific activity of rat interferon in vivo. experiments were carried out with mice of the inbred 129/aoboy strain, inoculated intranasally or intraperitoneally with emc-strain col mm, vsv and influenza a 055/74 viruses, and treated with mouse or rat interferon administered by the same r ... | 1979 | 220932 |
| effect of human and murine neutrophils on encephalomyocarditis, vesicular stomatitis, and reo type 3 virus infections in tissue culture. | 1978 | 221657 | |
| [various problems in the molecular biology of picornaviruses]. | 1977 | 221803 | |
| reversal of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes mellitus by islet transplantation. | 1979 | 222018 | |
| interconversion of linear and circular forms of double-stranded rna of encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1979 | 222058 | |
| lesions induced by encephalomyocarditis virus and coxsackievirus b in newborn mice. | electron microscopic studies of various tissues from virus-infected newborn mice disclosed a consistent form of viral cytonecrotic ultrastructural lesion in divergent types of cells (myocardial, valvular fibroblastic, aortic, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic, and hepatic cells) due to three different picornaviruses (coxsackieviruses b4 and b1 and encephalomyocarditis virus). the lesion is characterized by numerous membrane-vesicle complexes, margination of nuclear chromatin or nuclear pyknosis, ... | 1979 | 222229 |
| [the 5'-terminal sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus rna: localization of the poly c tract and its role in translation]. | 1979 | 222563 | |
| [virus-specific proteins associated with components of protein-synthesizing systems in krebs ii ascites carcinoma cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus]. | extracts from encephalomyocarditis (ems) virus infected krebs ii ascites carcinoma cells pulse-labeled during the active virus-specific synthesis and then chased were fractionated in a sucrose concentration gradient. it has shown that some radioactivity was detectable in the polysome region as well as in the regions of ribosome monomers and ribosomal subunits. an analysis of the radioactive material in a cscl density gradient and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has shown that components of ... | 1976 | 223028 |
| sequence and location of the poly c tract in aphtho- and cardiovirus rna. | the poly c tract in the rna of the aphtho- and cardio viruses has been examined in several isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. the length of the tract is variable, containing 100 to 170 bases in the fmdv isolates and 80 to 250 bases in the emc virus isolates. each poly c tract contains c. 10% a and u residues, located at the 5' end, i.e. most of the tract is a continuous run of c residues. the position of the tract on the genome was the same in e ... | 1979 | 223128 |
| mechanism for discrimination between viral and host mrna in interferon-treated cells. | in extracts of interferon-treated hela cells, rna covalently linked to double-stranded rna (dsrna) is preferentially degraded compared with mrna not linked in dsrna. this was established by following the degradation of poly(a)-containing mrna annealed with poly(u), of poly(c)-containing encephalomyocarditis virus rna annealed with poly(i), and of the replicative intermediate of the virus isolated from infected cells. in extracts of interferon-treated cells, dsrna promotes the synthesis of a seri ... | 1979 | 223150 |
| successful islet transplantation in spontaneous diabetes. | optimism for islet transplantation is based on reversal of diabetes artificially induced in animals by pancreatectomy or beta cell toxins. in naturally occurring diabetes, implanted islets might be destroyed by the etiologic agent of the original disease; e.g., virus infection, genetic factors, or autoimmunity. genetically determined diabetes in obese mice, in fact, is resistant to islet transplantation. since these mice are hyperinsulinemic and not similar to human juvenile onset diabetes (jod) ... | 1979 | 223249 |
| biochemical and ultrastructural changes in a and b cells of the islets of langerhans of mice infected with emc virus. | 1979 | 223928 | |
| does insulin dependent diabetes mellitus have a viral etiology? | clinical, epidemiological, and experimental observations suggest that common viruses may play an etiologic role in at least some cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. the evidence is summarized and critically assessed in this presentation. | 1979 | 223962 |
| effect of viruses on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. | the effects of newcastle disease, herpes simplex, vaccinia, encephalomyocarditis, vesicular stomatitis and reoviruses on in vitro function of neutrophils were studied in ficoll-hypaque-separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) employing the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. newcastle disease, herpes simplex vaccinia, and reoviruses depressed chemiluminescence by 98, 65, 46, and 29%, respectively, while encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis viruses had no inhibitory eff ... | 1979 | 223982 |
| translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna in reticulocyte lysates: kinetic analysis of the formation of virion proteins and a protein required for processing. | in cell-free extracts derived from rabbit reticulocytes, encephalomyocarditis rna can be translated completely, and the products can be processed extensively to give encephalomyocarditis virion proteins and several nonvirion proteins, including a genome-coded protein required for processing. the latter is probably a protease. translation is very efficient. under typical conditions, each emc rna is translated approximately eight times during a 3-h period. kinetic analyses (time-course experiments ... | 1979 | 224211 |
| [covalent bond between rna and protein in encephalomyocarditis virus]. | deproteinized encephalomyocarditis [32p]rna, after digestion with a mixture of rnases a, t1 and t2, yields mononucleotides and a labelled compound, which is positively charged at ph 3.5. this product can be digested with pronase and has a close electrophoretic mobility to a protein with a molecular weight of 7000-8000. covalently bound nucleotide-peptides were isolated from this compound after treatment with rnases and pronase. it was shown that the 5'-terminal uridylic acid is covalently linked ... | 1979 | 224308 |
| virus induced diabetes and the immune system. ii -- evidence for an immune pathogenesis of the acute phase of diabetes. | the infection of normal dba2 and balb/c nu/ + mice with 2 x 10(2,6) tcid50 of the m variant of the emc virus induced pathological mean glucose values of 426 +/- 99 mg/100 ml in dba2 mice and 292 +/- 130 mg/100 ml in balb/c nu/ + mice on day five following infection. as diabetic animals died afterwards, mean glucose values decreased in the surviving animals on day seven and fourteen. the infected immunodeficient balb/c nu/nu mice with thymus aplasia did not show abnormal mean glucose values or hi ... | 1979 | 224966 |
| [inhibition of formation of the preinitiator complex (ribosomal 40s subparticle met-trnametphi) in krebs ii cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus]. | 1979 | 225152 | |
| the formation of complexes between polynucleotides, carboxymethylcellulose and polylysine which are anti-viral in mice without inducing interferon. | 1979 | 225654 | |
| effects of amphotericin b and its methyl ester on the antiviral activity of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. | since the macrolide polyene antibiotics, amphotericin b (amb) and its methyl ester (ambme), augment interferon production by polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid [poly(i):poly(c)] in vitro, experiments were undertaken to determine how amb and ambme affect the antiviral activity of poly(i):poly(c) and interferon. ambme increased the direct antiviral activity of poly(i):poly(c) 10(2)-to 10(4)-fold in l929, flow 6000, and t98g cells. viral replication, measured by either direct plaque formation ... | 1979 | 225986 |
| [low-molecular weight ribonucleic acid in the composition of virus-specific polysomes in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus]. | 1979 | 226184 | |
| activation of a nuclease by pppa2'p5'a2'p5'a in intact cells. | 1979 | 226408 | |
| altered immune reactivity in encephalomyocarditis-m variant (emc-m)-induced diabetes in mice. | approximately 50% of dba/2j male mice infected with emc-m develop glycosuria with suppressed immune responsiveness to the mitogens pha, con a and pwm. the greatest degree of suppression was noted with con a treated cultures. in vivo treatment with levamisole, a known t cell stimulant, especially increased the response to con a but exacerbated the diabetogenic state as reflected by increased occurrence of glycosuria. virus infected mice, given anti-lymphocyte serum (als), showed marked ameliorati ... | 1979 | 226473 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus: infection of mice with variants of encephalomyocarditis virus, coxsackievirus b4, and reovirus type 3. | 1979 | 227239 | |
| [initial stages of the interaction of murine interferon with l929 cells]. | after contact with mouse culture interferon in the cold, the resistance to viruses in l cells develops only after the cells are placed into a thermostate at 37 degrees c. the use of colcemide destroying microtubules prevents the development of this resistance at an early (actinomycin-sensitive) stage of interferon-cell interaction. in the actinomycin-resistant stage, however, colcemide practically exerts no influence on the interferon-induced resistance to viruses. | 1979 | 228496 |
| protease required for processing picornaviral coat protein resides in the viral replicase gene. | partial purification of the encephalomyocarditis protease synthesized in extracts from rabbit reticulocytes shows that the activity responsible for cleaving coat precursor protein cosediments with a previously unmapped virus-coded protein with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000. tryptic analysis shows that this protein is derived from protein d, a virus-coded component of the encephalomyocarditis rna polymerase. | 1979 | 229266 |
| determination of the length distribution of poly(a) at the 3' terminus of the virion rnas of emc virus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, rav-61 and cpmv and of mouse globin mrna. | rapid, detailed, and accurate analysis of the length spectrum of 3' terminal poly(a) in an rna population can be obtained by 3'-terminal 32p-labelling of rna with t4 rna ligase, digestion with ribonucleases t1 and a, and use of gel sequencing methods. length distributions of 3'-terminal poly(a) of emc virus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, rav-61, and cpmv virion rnas as well as mouse globin mrna are presented. | 1979 | 229465 |
| lead-cadmium interaction: effects on viral-induced mortality and tissue residues in mice. | simultaneous exposure to lead and cadmium is highly probable due to common environmental sources of exposure. mice were exposed simultaneously for 10 wek to lead and cadmium and effects were observed on accumulation of the metals in tissues and susceptibility to viral challenge. the incidence of viral-induced mortality was enhanced in all groups of mice exposed to lead and suppressed in groups of mice treated with cadmium. mice exposed to both lead and cadmium had mortality rates intermediate to ... | 1979 | 229776 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus-specific polypeptide p22 is involved in the processing of the viral precursor polypeptides. | 1979 | 230074 | |
| encephalomyocarditis virus-specific polypeptide p22 possessing a proteolytic activity: preliminary mapping on the viral genome. | 1979 | 230085 | |
| absence of significant antiviral effects of beta-gamma-methylene gtp on encephalomyocarditis virus infection of l cells and mice. | the protein synthesis inhibitor beta-gamma-methylene guanosine triphosphate (gpp-ch2p) is shown here to be ineffective as a 'leaky membrane' antiviral agent against encephalomyocarditis virus infection of l cells and mice. studies with gppch2p in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected l cells indicate that the cells only become permeable to the inhibitor late in infection because the compound significantly inhibits protein synthesis only when added at 4 h p.i. at this time 50 to 70% of the new infe ... | 1979 | 230305 |
| production of antiviral and migration inhibitory activities in the peritoneum of mice after inoculation with allogenic ehrlich ascites tumor cells. | peritoneal inoculation of ehrlich ascites cells into mice stimulates the appearance of migration inhibitory factor (mif) not only in the peritoneum but also in the circulation of mice. whereas the mif-activity in the peritoneum reached maximum at 6 days and disappeared within 17 days, the mif-activity of sera reached maximum levels at about 11 days after intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells (10(6) of eac per mouse). in addition, an antiviral activity of peritoneal exudates was observed in ... | 1979 | 230674 |
| experimental infection in pigs with encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1979 | 231750 | |
| effects of environmental contaminants on the immune system. | 1979 | 233061 | |
| successful treatment of viral-induced diabetes mellitus by islet transplantation. | 1978 | 233832 | |
| hyporeactivity to interferon induction: characterization of a hyporeactive factor in the serum of encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mice. | mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus develop a severe state of hyporeactivity to interferon induction. one mechanisms possibly responsibile for development of hyporesponsiveness in these animals is a circulating factor which can be detected in their serum 96 h after encephalomyocarditis virus infection (at the time of peak hyporeactivity in vivo). this report describes some of the physiocochemical characteristics of this serum hyporeactive factor (shf). shf is a protein with a molecular ... | 1975 | 234407 |
| antiviral and cell-growth inhibitory activities of highly purified l-cell interferon. an analysis of quantitative disproportions. | purified mouse l-cell interferon induced with newcastle disease virus was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a profile characterized by two components was obtained. the faster peak represented about 90-99 per cent of antiviral activity. both components exerted a cell-growth inhibitory effect on l cells. a study of the quantitative relations between antiviral and cell-growth inhibitory activites of the two peaks revealed a discrepancy between these two activities in the fast peak. a ... | 1975 | 235199 |
| association of enteroviruses with natural and artificially introduced colloidal solids in water and infectivity of solids-associated virions. | encephalomyocarditis viruses adsorb to introducted organic and inorganic solids in water over a wide range of ph and with various concentrations and species of metal cations. visible flocculation of solids was not a prerequisite for significant virus association. virus adsorption to natural solids in various types of natural waters was significant but variable. clay-adsorbed virus retained its infectivity in tissue culture monolayers. these solids-associated viruses also retained infectivity in ... | 1975 | 240308 |
| eukaryotic mrna cap binding protein: purification by affinity chromatography on sepharose-coupled m7gdp. | a 24,000-dalton polypeptide that binds strongly and can be specifically crosslinked to the 5'-terminal cap structure m7gpppn in eukaryotic mrnas has been detected in protein synthesis initiation factor preparations [proc. natl. acad. sci. usa (1978) 75, 4843--4847]. this polypeptide has been purified to apparent homogeneity by one chromatographic passage through an affinity resin prepared by coupling the levulinic acid o2',3'-acetal of m7gdp to ah-sepharose 4b. translation, in hela cell extracts ... | 1979 | 291969 |
| [viral etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes (author's transl)]. | data are collected here that may support the hypothesis that there is an infectious component in the genesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. the clinical and experimental data on which that hypothesis is based referring to viruses such as: mumps virus, rubella virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and coxsackie b viruses, are presented. the authors mention the pathogenic mechanism, which extends over the existence of diabetogenic genes linked to the major complex of the histocompatibility h ... | 1979 | 459606 |
| impairment of reovirus mrna methylation in extracts of interferon-treated ehrilich ascites tumor cells: further characteristics of the phenomenon. | we reported earlier that the methylation of unmethylated reovirus mrna (reo mrnau) by the cellular methylating enzymes is impaired in extracts of uninfected, interferon-treated ehrilich ascites tumor cells (s30int). we find now that after the methylation of reo mrnau has stopped in s30int, the rna can be reisolated and further methylated in an extract of control cells (s30c). thus the impairment of methylation in s30int cannot be due to cleavage or irreversible inactivation of reo mrnau. freshly ... | 1977 | 556782 |
| biophysical studies of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. | the molecular weight of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) has been determined by analytical ultracentrifugation and dynamic light scattering. the sedimentation coefficient of the virus was found to be 435s. the average value for molecular weight is (55 +/- 7) x 106. the virus genome consists of two segments of double-stranded rna (molecular weights, 2.5 x 106 and 2.3 x 106), which represents 8.7% of the virion mass. the capsid protein moiety of ipnv consists of four species of polypept ... | 1977 | 558343 |
| antiviral activity of extracts from marine algae. | extracts of two species of marine algae, constantinea simplex and farlowia mollis, were tested for antiviral activity in tissue culture and in experimental infections of mice. treatment of confluent mouse embryo fibroblast cell monolayers with either compound before viral inoculation was effective in inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but not encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, or murine cytomegalovi ... | 1978 | 686707 |
| comparation interferon- inducing and antiviral properties of 2-amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (u-25,166), tilorone hydrochloride, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. | 2-amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (u-25,166), polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [poly(i:c)], and tilorone hcl induced high levels of serum interferon in mice. each consequently protected mice against infection with several viruses. after daily injection of inducer, mice developed a reduced interferon response (hyporeactivity) to each compound. however, hyporeactivity developed more slowly to u-25,166 and poly(i:c) than to tilorone hcl. after onset of hyporeactivity, 5 to 6 days without e ... | 1977 | 879763 |
| the purification and properties of two low-molecular-weight proteins required for the initiation of translation in ascites tumour cells. | a fractionated cell-free protein-synthesising system from krebs ii ascites tumour cells is described. it is dependent on the addition of exogenous mrna. in this system the translation of natural mrnas requires the presence of four initiation factors: the high-molecular-weight complex if-m3, ifemc and two low-molecular-weight proteins if-malpha and if-mbeta. none of these factors are required for the translation of the synthetic messenger poly(a,u,g). the purification of if-malpha and if-mbeta wa ... | 1977 | 908335 |
| inhibition of hela cell messenger rna translation by 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate. | translation of hela cell rna containing poly(a) in a wheat germ cell-free system is markedly but incompletely inhibited by 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate (m7g5'p). we have analyzed the translation products synthesized in the presence of different concentrations of m7g5'p and find that translation of all mrnas is equally inhibited. to demonstrate the specificity of the inhibitor for rnas with 5'-terminal m7g5' ppp... we show that specific translation products of satellite tobacco necrosis vir ... | 1976 | 965382 |
| cyclic amp-mediated inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus and herpes simplex virus replication in mouse macrophage-like cells. | in this study, we have analysed the effects of camp inducers on the multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in mouse macrophage-like cells. the addition of dibutyryl camp (db-camp) or cholera toxin to resting peritoneal macrophages aged in vitro or p388d1 cells resulted in a 10- to 100-fold reduction of vsv yield compared to control cultures. in contrast, no camp-dependent inhibition was found in vsv-infected l929 cells. in macrophage-like cells ... | 1992 | 1279103 |
| yeast cells are incapable of translating rnas containing the poliovirus 5' untranslated region: evidence for a translational inhibitor. | we have expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae a full-length poliovirus cdna clone under the control of the gal10 promoter to better characterize the effect of poliovirus on host cell metabolism. we find that yeast cells are unable to translate poliovirus rna in vivo and that this inhibition is mediated through the 5' untranslated region of the viral rna. the in vivo inhibition of translation of poliovirus rna and p2cat rna (which contains the 5' untranslated region fused upstream of th ... | 1992 | 1309248 |
| a spleen necrosis virus-based retroviral vector which expresses two genes from a dicistronic mrna. | we have investigated a novel strategy for coexpressing two genes from a retroviral vector. the 5' nontranslated leader region of at least some picornavirus rnas contains a sequence that can act as an internal ribosome entry site allowing initiation of translation at a downstream aug codon in a 5' cap-independent manner. to investigate whether such a sequence can function in the context of a retroviral vector, we constructed a spleen necrosis virus-based vector carrying two selectable marker gene ... | 1992 | 1310190 |
| sequence and structural elements that contribute to efficient encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation. | the nucleotide sequence of the 5' nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-rueckert) was determined, and a consensus rna structural model for this sequence (850 bases) and three other poly(c)-containing cardioviruses (mengovirus, emcv-b, and emcv-d) was created through reiterative use of a minimum-free-energy folding algorithm. the rna elements within this region which contribute to translation of emcv proteins were mapped in cell-free reactions programmed with cdna-derived rna t ... | 1992 | 1310768 |
| transplacental infection of porcine fetuses following experimental challenge inoculation with encephalomyocarditis virus. | ten multiparous sows were inoculated between 46 and 50 days of gestation with a fetal swine isolate of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) to investigate the ability of the virus to cause transplacental infection and fetal death. four sows (group 1) were inoculated im with emcv mn-25 that had been passaged 4 times on baby hamster kidney-21 line cell monolayers. two sows were euthanatized at postinoculation (pi) day 23, and the other 2 sows at pi day 44. an additional 6 sows (group 2) were inoculat ... | 1992 | 1311538 |
| an experimental model of acute and subacute viral myocarditis in the pig. | twenty-six young pigs were infected with encephalomyocarditis virus, observed clinically, studied at intervals by noninvasive and invasive methods to assess cardiac function and eventually examined pathologically. all infected animals appeared ill, usually manifesting diminished appetite, lethargy and fever. spontaneous mortality occurred either 1 to 4 or 20 to 21 days after infection. electrocardiographic abnormalities, seen in the majority of animals, comprised st-t wave changes, conduction di ... | 1992 | 1312100 |
| the sequence context of the initiation codon in the encephalomyocarditis virus leader modulates efficiency of internal translation initiation. | translation initiation on poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) mrnas occurs by a cap-independent mechanism utilizing an internal ribosomal entry site (ires). however, no unifying mechanism for aug initiation site selection has been proposed. analysis of initiation of mrnas translated in vitro has suggested that initiation of poliovirus mrna translation likely involves both internal binding of ribosomes and scanning to the first aug which is in a favorable context for initiation. in c ... | 1992 | 1312611 |
| [protective activity of monoacetone glucose 3-butyrate, prodrug of n-butyric acid, against the fatal effect of encephalomyocarditis virus in mice]. | a comparative study was made, in the mouse, on antiviral properties of a prodrug of n-butyric acid derived from monosaccharides: monoacetone glucose 3-butyrate (mag = 3but), and of a free form of n-butyric acid: arginine butyrate (buo arg). preventive injection of mag = 3but protected the mice twice as effectively as buo arg against the lethal effect of 100 ld50 of encephalomyocarditis virus. under the same experimental conditions, monoacetone glucose (mag) used as carrier of the biologically ac ... | 1992 | 1313734 |
| point mutations which drastically affect the polymerization activity of encephalomyocarditis virus rna-dependent rna polymerase correspond to the active site of escherichia coli dna polymerase i. | the inhibitor sensitivity and functional domains of recombinant encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna-dependent rna polymerase (3dpol) have been extensively analyzed. the inhibitor profiles of emc virus 3dpol and escherichia coli dna-dependent rna polymerase are distinct, and experiments with substrate analogs indicate that emc virus 3dpol lacks reverse transcriptase activity. twenty amino acid substitutions were engineered in emc virus 3dpol based on sequence alignments of viral rna-dependent rn ... | 1992 | 1315753 |
| natural human antibodies to gamma interferon interfere with the immunomodulating activity of the lymphokine. | natural antibodies to gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) were found in patients suffering from different viral diseases and, at a lower titer, in healthy individuals. such antibodies were affinity-purified and studied for their capability to interfere in vitro with the antiviral and immunomodulating activity of ifn-gamma. data obtained show that these human anti-ifn-gamma antibodies have no inhibitory effect on the antiviral activity of ifn-gamma. on the contrary, they are able to inhibit the expressi ... | 1992 | 1316609 |
| enhancement by stable butyrate derivatives of antitumor and antiviral actions of interferon. | the use of n-butyric acid has been associated with induction of cell differentiation and bypassing of genetic defects in the suppression of malignancy. this biological response modifier satisfies the requirements for specificity and low toxicity, and its use can be considered as an alternative approach to conventional cancer chemotherapy. however, a lack of clinical efficacy has been observed with butyrate and attributed mainly to the rapid metabolism of the compound. butyric acid pro-drugs deri ... | 1992 | 1318271 |
| an encephalomyocarditis virus epizootic in a baboon colony. | approximately 80 baboon deaths were caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in a 3060 member research and production colony. the epizootic extended over a 9-month period and occurred in baboons ranging from 1 day to 22 years of age. acute death was the most common history. when clinical disease was detected, it was characterized by labored respiration associated with acute congestive heart failure. the salient necropsy findings were pulmonary congestion and edema, hydropericardium, ... | 1992 | 1320151 |
| construction of a bifunctional mrna in the mouse by using the internal ribosomal entry site of the encephalomyocarditis virus. | picornaviral mrnas have been shown to possess special structures in their 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) that provide sites for internal binding of ribosomes and thus direct cap-independent translation. the translational cis-acting elements for ribosomal internal entry into the 5'ntr of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), a member of family picornaviridae, have been named the internal ribosomal entry site (ires). all of the published experiments regarding the ires function of the picornavirus ... | 1992 | 1321342 |
| dependence of the adenovirus tripartite leader on the p220 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 4f during in vitro translation. effect of p220 cleavage by foot-and-mouth-disease-virus l-protease on in vitro translation. | the adenovirus tripartite leader (tpt) 5' untranslated region (5'utr) allows translation in poliovirus-infected cells, in which the p220 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 4f is degraded. this p220-independent translation was investigated by measuring in vitro translation in a reticulocyte lysate of a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, coupled to the tpt 5'utr. the p220 subunit was degraded by translation of a foot-and-mouth-disease l-protease construct. surprisingly, the tpt ... | 1992 | 1321714 |
| effect of immunostimulant therapy on acute viral myocarditis in an animal model. | the effect of immunostimulant therapy on acute viral myocarditis, which was induced with encephalomyocarditis virus, was investigated in 4-week-old male balb/c mice. in vitro, peritoneal exudate cells and spleen cells from mice that were pretreated with a synthetic immunoactivating peptide, fk565 (heptanoyl-gamma-d-glutamyl-(l)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(d)-alan ine), significantly inhibited the multiplication of encephalomyocarditis virus in balb/c 3t3 cells compared with peritoneal exudate cells and ... | 1992 | 1322031 |
| cardiac persistence of cardioviral rna detected by polymerase chain reaction in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. | in our model of dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm), cardiac dilatation and hypertrophy developed after inoculation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), but the infectious virus was isolated only early after infection. in this study, we investigated whether viral rna could be detected at later times using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 1992 | 1322254 |
| analysis and examination of cytokine interactions by the median-effect model: an example with antiviral action of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma. | a mathematical model based on the median effect principle was used to demonstrate its usefulness in studying cytokine interactions. the inhibition of cytopathological effects due to encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) in wish cells using a microtiter assay was employed. the model was used to analyze the characteristics of the dose-effect relationships of ifn-gamma, tnf, and their combination. the method also was used to define s ... | 1992 | 1322438 |
| heat-shock protein induction in adriamycin and picornavirus-infected cardiocytes. | both chemicals, such as the chemotherapy agent adriamycin, and viruses, such as the picornaviruses coxsackievirus b3 and encephalomyocarditis virus, cause metabolic injury in myocardial cells. this injury includes depression of cellular rna and protein synthesis and production of oxygen free radicals which are known to induce increased expression of "heat-shock" or stress proteins (hsp). these hsp can stimulate potent t lymphocyte responses that may then contribute to cardiac damage associated w ... | 1992 | 1323730 |
| relationship between fumonisin contamination of feed and mystery swine disease. a case-control study. | fumonisin is a recently identified mycotoxin that has been shown to be the cause of pulmonary edema disease in swine and leukoencephalomalacia in horses. mystery swine disease (msd), is an economically devastating disease complex of unknown etiology that has been reported to have occurred in several swine producing states since 1988. to determine the relationship between msd and fumonisin, a case-control study was carried out in illinois in mid-1990. feed samples collected from 12 case and 9 con ... | 1992 | 1325037 |
| successive infection of coxsackievirus b3 and encephalomyocarditis virus: an animal model of chronic myocarditis. | successive infection of coxsackievirus b3 and encephalomyocarditis virus was investigated as a disease model of chronic myocarditis. four-week-old c3h/he mice were inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 and then inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus at 8 weeks old. the hearts were evaluated on histopathological changes compared with those of non-infected mice and mice infected with either virus alone. at 10 weeks old, the hearts of the mice infected successively with both viruses showed co-exist ... | 1992 | 1325552 |
| proteolytic processing of the cardioviral p2 region: primary 2a/2b cleavage in clone-derived precursors. | the primary 2a/2b cleavage within cardiovirus polyprotein was examined by construction of cdna plasmids which linked fragments from the p2 region of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and mengovirus genomes to the emcv 5' nontranslated region. when rna transcripts from these clones were tested in reticulocyte extracts, the synthesized proteins were cotranslationally processed at the 2a/2b site. no viral segments outside of the p2 region were required for this activity. engineered deletions which ... | 1992 | 1325705 |
| effects of lobenzarit on murine acute viral myocarditis. | lobenzarit (cca) is a newly developed immunomodulating drug that has been demonstrated to enhance suppressor t-cell number and function. in this study we investigated the effect of cca on murine myocarditis induced by the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. mice were first inoculated with the emc virus. cca (100 mg/kg) was administered daily for 14 days, starting on the day the mice were inoculated. the concentrations of lyt2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic t) cells in the peripheral blood and heart were e ... | 1992 | 1325832 |
| ultrastructural study of experimental myocarditis induced by cardiovirus (emcv-m) in swine. | eight 6-week-old piglets were inoculated with a strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) isolated from an outbreak which occurred naturally in the po valley in 1988. two non-infected animals, kept in the same cage, were used as controls. out of the eight inoculated piglets, two died and two were suppressed on the 2nd post infection day (pid), the four remaining were killed on the 5th, 7th, 11th and 15th pids. control animals were killed at the end of the experiment. the pathogenesis of myocar ... | 1992 | 1327499 |
| involvement of membrane traffic in the replication of poliovirus genomes: effects of brefeldin a. | brefeldin a (bfa) is a macrolide antibiotic that has multiple targets in vesicular transport and blocks membrane traffic between the cis- and trans-golgi compartments, leading to the disruption of the trans-golgi apparatus (for a review see pelham, 1991, cell 67, 449-451). consequently, bfa interferes with the maturation of viral glycoproteins and suppresses the formation of infectious viruses that contain a lipid envelope. we report that this antibiotic strongly inhibits poliovirus replication ... | 1992 | 1329315 |
| structure/function studies of murine interferon-alpha 1 using site-directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro synthesis. | site-directed in vitro mutagenesis followed by in vitro transcription and translation has been used to study structure/function relationships for murine interferon-alpha 1 (muifn-alpha 1). the mature form of the muifn-alpha 1 protein was expressed as well as analogue forms with amino acid substitutions at positions 33, 71, 72, 123 and 133. these positions were chosen on the basis of known human interferon-alpha structure/function relationships. biological assays for antiviral activity on murine ... | 1992 | 1329645 |
| persistence of viral genome into late stages of murine myocarditis detected by polymerase chain reaction. | enteroviruses have been considered as the most common etiologic agents in clinical myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy; however, their pathogenetic role remains unknown. hence, the relation of viral replication and development of cardiomyopathy has been determined in a murine model of myocarditis by evaluating the persistence of viral genome during acute and chronic stages of myocarditis by means of northern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 1992 | 1330363 |
| host resistance assays as predictive models in styrene immunomodulation. | three infection models namely an oncogenic virus encephalomyocarditis (emcv), a rodent strain of malaria, plasmodium berghei, and a rodent hookworm parasite, nippostrongylus brasiliensis, were used to confirm the in vivo immunotoxic potential of styrene reported in our previous communication. the altered host resistance to these challenge infections was evaluated in rodents pre-treated with 0, 0.02, 0.03 or 0.05 x ld50 dose of styrene (5 days/week) for 4 weeks. significantly increased mortality ... | 1992 | 1330943 |
| verapamil ameliorates the clinical and pathological course of murine myocarditis. | the effects of the calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil, were studied in a murine model of viral myocarditis. three groups of 8-wk-old dba/2 mice (n = 25 each) were inoculated with 10 plaque-forming units of encephalomyocarditis virus and randomized to three treatment regimens. group 1 mice received verapamil intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg per d) for 7 d before infection, followed by verapamil orally (mean dose of 3.5 mg/mouse per d) in drinking water during infection. group 2 mice received onl ... | 1992 | 1331179 |
| biological activities of recombinant murine interferons alpha 1 and alpha 4: large difference in antiproliferative effect. | the mature forms of two recombinant murine interferons alpha, alpha 1 and alpha 4, have been expressed in vitro using an established transcription and translation system. the relative specific antiviral activity, antiproliferative activity and the natural killer cell stimulating activity of both subtypes were compared in vitro. while the antiviral and natural killer cell stimulating activities of the 2 subtypes were similar, the relative antiproliferative activities varied markedly. on the basis ... | 1992 | 1332601 |
| in vivo model for evaluation of species-specific virus vaccines. | it is difficult to evaluate the protective efficacy of species-specific viruses of humans and expensive companion animals where there is no non-human animal model. this study describes an in vivo model system which allows simultaneous operation of humoral, cell-mediated, interferon-like or other unidentified immunological defence mechanisms. there was evidence of in vivo inactivation of both enveloped and unenveloped dna and rna viruses including retrovirus mouse sarcoma virus/mouse leukaemia vi ... | 1992 | 1333688 |
| antigenic variant of swine influenza virus causing proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in pigs. | a new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus was isolated from the lungs of pigs experiencing respiratory problems in 7 different swine herds in quebec. pigs of different ages were affected, and the main clinical signs were fever, dyspnea, and abdominal respiration. coughing was not a constant finding of the syndrome. at necropsy, macroscopic lesions included the overall appearance of pale animals, general lymphadenopathy, hepatic congestion, and consolidation of the lungs. histopathologic f ... | 1992 | 1333815 |
| encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced myocarditis by different virus variants and mouse strains. | the mode of occurrence of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced myocarditis in mice was pathologically and virologically investigated using 2 virus variants (highly diabetogenic emc-d and non-diabetogenic emc-b) and 2 mouse strains (diabetes-susceptible balb/c and diabetes-resistant c57bl/6). mice were inoculated with 10(5) pfu/head of the virus intraperitoneally and observed up to 7 days post inoculation (7dpi). as compared with emc-b-infected balb/c and emc-d-infected c57bl/6 mice, emc-d-in ... | 1992 | 1335759 |
| inducible expression bovine papillomavirus shuttle vectors containing ferritin translational regulatory elements. | the combination of transcriptional and translational control elements in an inducible expression vector suitable for use in stably transformed cell lines was explored. to this end, ferritin translational control elements have been inserted downstream from a mouse metallothionein (mmt-i) transcriptional promoter (pmmt-i), and upstream from various reporter protein-encoding open reading frames (orfs), all carried on a bovine papillomavirus shuttle vector. protocols which stimulate transcription (w ... | 1992 | 1336755 |
| a new animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced by the ndk25 variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. | intraperitoneal inoculation with ndk25, a variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus which has been newly cloned from the m variant of emc virus (emc-m), caused dba/2 mice to develop noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. the ndk25-infected mice demonstrated abnormal glucose tolerance from 1 to 3 weeks after inoculation. the infection resulted in mild insulitis and the destruction of pancreatic beta cells at 1 week after inoculation and led to a significant reduction in the insulin content of ... | 1992 | 1345004 |
| lessons from animal experiments in myocarditis. | we have developed murine models of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus in which severe myocarditis, congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy occur in high incidence. from these models, we have learned the natural history and pathogenesis and assessed new diagnostic methods and therapeutic and preventive interventions. mural thrombi in the atria and ventricles, ventricular aneurysms, conduction disturbance and various arrhythmias were seen in these models. ant ... | 1992 | 1349548 |
| viruses in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: absence of candidate viral genomes in muscle. | there is indirect evidence that various viruses have aetiological roles in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. by means of a sensitive and specific method based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we sought direct evidence for the presence in affected muscle of nucleic acid sequences from coxsackie virus, mumps virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, adenovirus, human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii, and human immunodeficiency virus. rna was extracted from muscle biopsy samples obtained f ... | 1992 | 1349938 |
| the effect of alpha 1-blocker, bunazosin on a murine model of congestive heart failure induced by viral myocarditis. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of an alpha 1-blocker, bunazosin, using an experimental murine model of congestive heart failure induced by viral myocarditis. this model is characterized by a high incidence of severe myocarditis and subsequent congestive heart failure, and is suitable for the evaluation of the effect of drugs. to estimate myocardial damage objectively and quantitatively, we used antimyosin monoclonal antibody in addition to histopathological g ... | 1992 | 1360548 |
| high-temperature short-time heat inactivation of hiv and other viruses in human blood plasma. | an ultra-short-time heating system was used to process blood plasma spiked with various viruses (hiv, vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus). virus reduction and recovery of plasma proteins were measured at various temperatures from 65 to 85 degrees c. processing at 77 degrees c and 0.006 s resulted in a high level of virus kill, including greater than or equal to 4.4 log10 hiv, while maintaining protein structure and activity essentially intact. | 1992 | 1374578 |
| constitutive expression of human double-stranded rna-activated p68 kinase in murine cells mediates phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and partial resistance to encephalomyocarditis virus growth. | the cdna encoding interferon-induced human double-stranded rna-activated p68 kinase was expressed in murine nih 3t3 cells by using the pcdna1/neo vector. several stable clones were selected which expressed either the wild-type kinase or an inactive mutant possessing a single amino acid substitution in the invariant lysine 296 in the catalytic domain ii. the transfected wild-type kinase showed properties similar to those of the natural kinase, such as subcellular ribosomal localization and depend ... | 1992 | 1382142 |
| dissociable antiviral activities directed against cardioviruses are expressed in l cells treated with interferon. | interferon (ifn) restricts a wide variety of viruses. to do so it elicits many antiviral pathways. for example, subclones of the same cell line with a reduced antiviral spectrum are thought to lack one or more antiviral pathways. our line of l cells exhibits two distinct antiviral activities. the first delays the yield of both wild-type mengovirus (is+) and an ifn-sensitive mutant (is-1). the second specifically inhibits is-1 virus yields 100-fold. from these cells, a subclone was isolated which ... | 1992 | 1383407 |
| cap-independent translation by the 5' untranslated region of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the rna genome of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses, a picornavirus belonging to the genus cardiovirus, is translated in infected cells to a polyprotein. unlike cellular messages, the 5' end of the rna is not capped, and the untranslated region (utr) is quite long (1,064 nucleotides in size). in poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus, the 5'utr is thought to mediate cap-independent translation. we report here experiments to determine the role of the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis ... | 1992 | 1404591 |
| expression of functional parvoviral ns1 from recombinant vaccinia virus: effects of mutations in the nucleotide-binding motif. | the gene encoding the major replicative protein, ns1, of minute virus of mice (mvm) was transferred into a recombinant vaccinia virus vector in place of the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene. the ns1 gene was placed under control of a bacteriophage t7 promoter and expressed in cells coinfected with another recombinant vaccinia virus, vtf7-3, which encodes the t7 rna polymerase. expression of ns1 was further enhanced by the presence of a 5' untranslated region, derived from encephalomyocarditis viru ... | 1992 | 1413512 |
| nucleotide sequence identifies vilyuisk virus as a divergent theiler's virus. | the vilyuisk virus, originally thought to be the cause of a degenerative neurological disease of inhabitants of siberia, has been characterized by sequence analysis of its 5' noncoding and coat protein coding regions. in the 5' noncoding, leader, and vp4 regions, the nucleotide identity between the sequences of known strains of theiler's virus and vilyuisk virus is about 90%. in the vp1-encoding region, the similarity drops to about 66% compared to the 50% similarity between sequences of theiler ... | 1992 | 1413519 |
| structural analysis of the human interferon gamma receptor: a small segment of the intracellular domain is specifically required for class i major histocompatibility complex antigen induction and antiviral activity. | mutations of the human interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) receptor intracellular domain have permitted us to define a restricted region of that domain as necessary for both induction of class i major histocompatibility complex antigen by ifn-gamma and protection against encephalomyocarditis virus. this region consists of five amino acids (ydkph), all of which are conserved in the human and murine receptors. tyr-457 and his-461 are essential for activity. approximately 80% of the amino acids of the int ... | 1992 | 1454813 |
| inactivation of viruses in red cell and platelet concentrates with aluminum phthalocyanine (aipc) sulfonates. | aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates (aipcs) are photoactive compounds with absorption maxima at 665-675 nm. the inactivation of viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus, vsv; human immunodeficiency virus, hiv) added to either whole blood or red blood cell concentrates (rbcc) and platelet concentrates (pc) on treatment with tetrasulfonated aipc (aipcs4) was evaluated. treatment of rbcc with 10 microm aipcs4 and 44 j/cm2 visible light resulted in the inactivation of greater than or equal to 10(5.5) ... | 1992 | 1617188 |
| the effect of cyclosporine on the immunopathogenesis of viral myocarditis in mice. | the effect of cyclosporine on the immunopathogenesis of viral myocarditis was studied using a murine viral myocarditis model. mice in the treated group had a higher mortality rate compared with those of the infected control group before day 15 (47/67 vs. 14/31, p less than 0.05). on day 7, treated mice showed higher titers of anti-heart autoantibody than the control group (12 +/- 7 vs 4 +/- 2, p less than 0.05), but no significant difference was seen on day 14 (28 +/- 15 vs. 39 +/- 34). histolog ... | 1991 | 1646340 |
| the 5' untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus contains a sequence for very efficient binding of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-2/2b. | the mechanism by which internal ribosomal binding on the picornaviral rna takes place is still not known. an important role has been suggested for eukaryotic initiation factors eif-4a, eif-4b, as well as for some not yet defined trans-acting factors like p52 for poliovirus and p58 for encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). in this paper we describe the competition between the 5' untranslated region (utr) of emcv and globin mrna for the translational apparatus in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and show ... | 1991 | 1647211 |
| posttranscriptional regulation of beta interferon expression in erythroid friend cells treated with gamma interferon. | treatment of friend erythroleukemia cells (flc) with gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in the presence of anti-ifn-beta antibodies reduces the effectiveness of the antiviral state and the induction of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity, indicating that the antiviral activity of ifn-gamma in flc is in part mediated by the production of ifn-beta. accordingly, ifn-gamma induces a less pronounced antiviral state in flc resistant to ifn-alpha/beta than in wild-type cells. moreover, while results of ... | 1991 | 1649320 |
| internal initiation of translation in retroviral vectors carrying picornavirus 5' nontranslated regions. | previous work has shown that picornavirus 5' nontranslated regions (ntrs) can initiate internal translation of downstream coding regions both in vitro and in transient in vivo assays. we have used 5' ntr sequences from encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus to construct retroviral vectors that are designed to express two proteins from a single mrna. inclusion of 5' ntr sequences did not adversely affect vector titer. protein expression was studied with stable cell lines generated by vector in ... | 1991 | 1651417 |
| prevalence of pseudorabies virus infection and associated infections in six large swine herds in illinois. | sera were collected from 6 large farrow-to-finish swine herds infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) in illinois. all herds were participating in the large herd cleanup study, a usda-initiated project to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating pseudorabies from large farms (greater than 400 sows) by use of a combination of vaccination and management changes. herd size ranged between 425 and 1,500 breeding females. between april and july 1990, sera for measurement of prv antibodies were obtained ... | 1991 | 1651912 |
| inhibition of interferon-inducible gene expression by adenovirus e1a proteins: block in transcriptional complex formation. | infection with wild-type adenovirus 5, but not with a mutant lacking the e1a gene, prevented the induction by interferon (ifn) alpha of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) activity in helam cell lines that had been permanently transfected with chimeric cat reporter genes driven by the transcriptional regulatory regions of the ifn-responsive genes 561 and 6-16. similar inhibition of ifn-inducible cat activity was observed in cells that were cotransfected with the same reporter genes and plasm ... | 1991 | 1652751 |
| acute infection of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus in syrian hamsters. | one-month-old syrian hamsters of the apa and std: golden strains were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) pfu/head of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and examined virologically and pathologically up to 7 days after inoculation. apa hamsters developed apparent hyperglycemia due to pancreatic islet cell damage while std:golden hamsters did not. hamsters of both strains showed clear histopathologic changes in the testis with prominent viral replication as well as in the brain, ... | 1991 | 1653039 |