Publications

[immunoprophylaxis of rabies (author's transl)].	in the past hempt-rabies vaccine produced in the gdr proved to be effective and relatively innocent like other brain-tissue-vaccines. connected with progress in virology and genetics the production of rabies-vaccines changed to cell culturing techniques. the rabies viruses got adapted to embryonated eggs of chicken and duck, and it multiplies now in tissue-cultures like hamster kidney cells, chicken fibroblasts and human diploid cells too. it is possible now to produce a cell culture vaccine of ...	1978	742243
[adaptability of two rabies strains isolated in central europe from 1 domesticated and 2 wild species. a contribution on the epidemiology of rabies. 2. transmission studies in wild hamsters with a fox isolate].		1978	742259
[adaptability of two rabies strains isolated in central europe from one domesticated and two wild species. a contribution on epidemiology of rabies. 3. transmission studies in field hamsters with a rodent isolate].		1978	742260
[anti-rabies vaccination. comparative analysis of the responses of flury hep, fuenzalida, and inactivated flury hep vaccines].	the authors verified the following: the flury hep vaccine, with modified virus, confers a higher level of protection when applied by intracerebral route in laboratory animals. with an equal number of viral particles of flury hep modified virus and fixed virus (fuenzalida type vaccine), inoculated intracerebrally and intramusculary, a better protection was obtained with the first kind of vaccine, specially by intracerebral route. these conditions suggest the possibility of replication of modified ...	1978	754669
further studies on rabies postexposure prophylaxis in mice: a comparison of vaccine with interferon and vaccine.	mice were inoculated in the left hind footpad with street rabies virus, and 24 h later various types of rabies vaccine were administered intramuscularly in the right leg. the vaccines alone were ineffective in reducing mortality, but when an interferon inducer, polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid complexed to poly-l-lysine (polyiclc), was given along with the vaccines, a marked reduction resulted. the polyiclc-vaccine combination was effective even when it was injected 5 days after infe ...	1979	759557
[experimental infection of the cat with a nyc strain rabies virus].		1979	760729
pathophysiologic studies in human rabies.	six patients with proved rabies were studied with a combination of clinical, physiologic and pathologic technics. three were given a type of intensive care but died with evidence of respiratory failure. although circulatory failure did not develop in any of the six patients, three had supraventricular arrhythmias: interstitial myocarditis was found in one of these and rabies virus was isolated from the myocardium of another. inspiratory muscle spasm was the dominant clinical feature in all cases ...	1976	766622
preparation of rabies fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled immune globulin from mouse hyperimmune ascitic fluids.	immunization conditions for the production of mouse immune ascitic fluids to be used for the preparation of rabies fluorescent antibody (fa) conjugate are presented. the use of optimal concentrations of ammonium sulfate for precipitation of gamma globulin resulted in a fraction consisting of 75% gamma globulin and 25% alpha-beta globulins with no detectable albumin. dialysis labeling of the globulin fration with fluorescein isothiocyanate produced a specific rabies fa conjugate with negligible n ...	1976	780373
[mixed method of simultaneous detection in histochemistry and immunofluorescence].		1976	788326
rabies virus and the problems of rabies vaccination in man.	the structure of rabies virus and the importance of its glycoprotein in immunization are discussed. the improvement in vaccines for use in man, culminating in the production of the human diploid vaccine is described. nevertheless problems remain, particularly with regard to post-exposure therapy. possible disadvantages in the use of subunit vaccines are mentioned and attention is drawn to the discovery of the rabies-related viruses.	1976	790671
the mouse inoculation test in rabies diagnosis: early diagnosis in mice during the incubation period.	brain tissue from 64 rabies suspect specimens were inoculated intracerebrally into twenty 9-12 gm adult swiss white mice. two mice from each specimen were killed on specific days postinoculation and examined for the presence of rabies virus by the fluorescent antibody staining technique. in this way a positive diagnosis was made in the majority of cases between postinoculation days 4 and 12 when the incubation period of these same specimens ranged between eight and 20 days.	1976	793696
structure and molecular biology of rabies virus.		1976	797532
zonal-centrifuged human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	in order to reduce the risk of allergic reactions, a purified human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine was developed. pitman-moore strain of rabies was propagated in wi-38 or mrc-5 cells. both cell strains were found to be equally suitable for pro agation of rabies virus. the virus was purified and concentrated by continuous-flow sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. virus peak fractions were diluted with a stabilized and then inactivated with bpl and freeze-dried. according to the stan ...	1976	801472
plaque assay for rabies serogroup viruses in vero cells.	plaque formation in vero cells has been induced with seven rabies serogroup viruses either cocultivated as infected bhk-21 or aedes albopictus cells, or directly cultivated as infected mouse brain.	1975	809472
[effects of cyclophosphamide on rabies infection in the mouse. protection confered by serotherapy].	a very low pathogenic strain of "fixe" rabies (hep-flury) gives a rise in mortality in mice immunodepressed with cyclophosphamide. in this experiment model, the rabies antiserum gives efficient protection against the virus.	1975	811405
[identification of rabies virus glycoproteins and nucleoproteins in infected cells by specifically labeled immunoglobulins].	the specific nucleoprotein is localized inside the cell in the viral matrix and the immunogenic glycoprotein seems to be present only in the cell membranes.	1975	816505
role of interferon in prophylaxis of rabies after exposure.	rhesus monkeys were completely protected from rabies by a single dose of experimental, highly concentrated, rabies virus vaccine prepared from virus propagated in cultures of human diploid cells and administered several hours after infection with street rabies virus. protection seemed to be related to the high antigenicity of the vaccine and to its ability to induce interferon in vaccinated animals. only partial protection was afforded by one or three inoculations of less concentrated vaccines t ...	1976	819599
alteration of the in vitro host range of rabies virus after serial chick embryo cell passage using alkaline maintenance medium.	hep flury strain of rabies virus maintained by 7-day chicken egg passage (parent line) and the same strain serially passaged in primary chick embryo (ce) cells using alkaline maintenance medium (am line) were inoculated to cells of various species. growth was negative in primary mouse embryo, l and hela cells, and positive in primary hamster kidney and bhk21 cells with both lines. an all-or-none difference between the two lines was observed in primary monkey kidney and vero cells. the parent lin ...	1976	824485
neutralizing and complement-fixing antibody responses in pre- and post-exposure vaccinees to a rabies vaccine produced in human diploid cells.		1976	825515
[demonstration of sialic acid in the rabies virus. consequences of its removal on infectious and hemagglutinating properties].		1976	827343
induction and biological properties of defective interfering particles of rabies virus.	a method for obtaining large quantities of defective interfering (di) rabies virus particles that fulfill all the criteria delineated by huang and baltimore (1970) is described. the purified rabies di virion was found to be much shorter (60 to 80 nm) than the complete virion (180 nm) and to have a viral genome of about half the size of normal rabies rna but with all of the structural proteins of standard virions. rabies di virions were noninfectious for both cells in culture and for animals. as ...	1977	833940
interfering and noninterfering defective particles generated by a rabies small plaque variant virus.		1977	835245
rabies virus and antibody in bats in grenada and trinidad.	rabies virus was detected by fluorescent-antibody and mouse inoculation tests in the brain of one bat, artibeus jamaicensis, collected at la tante, grenada on 19 june 1974. no rabies virus was found in the brains and/or salivary glands of 411 other grenadian bats of 6 species tested, including 56 a. jamaicensis. rabies neutralizing antibody was detected by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) in 27 of 353 grenadian bats. positives occurred in each of the 6 species sampled, with 40 ...	1977	864845
[immunogenicity, efficacy and reactogenicity of a human diploid cell strain (hdcs) rabies vaccine in man; recommendations for pre- and post-exposure application (vaccination scheme) (author's transl)].	since 1973 a total of 365 individuals between 4 and 74 years of age were vaccinated with the hdcs-rabies-vaccine produced by mérieux/lyon. only minor local side reactions were observed in some patients. no adverse systemic reactions due to the vaccine occurred in any of the vaccinees. seroconversion was observed in 100% of the vaccinated subjects. neutralizing antibodies could be demonstrated in all 365 vaccinees in titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:2238 (0.35 to 72.5 i.u) employing 200 ld 50 of rab ...	1977	865381
rabies in the arab republic of egypt: iii. enzootic rabies in wildlife.	five hundred and thirty-two rodents (10 species) and 112 other wild mammals (six species) were examined for rabies infections in egypt. rabies virus was isolated from the brains of three (1-2%) of 249 gerbils, gerbillus gerbillus and one (1-8%) of 56 foxes, vulpes species. in neutralization tests these isolates were found to be identical to classical rabies virus. significant numbers of rodent and other wild mammal species need to be examined before they may be excluded as possible reservoirs of ...	1977	875104
a mouse model for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis: the comparative efficacy of two vaccines and of antiserum administration.		1977	886303
oligosaccharides of the glycoprotein of rabies virus.	the number of oligosaccharide side chains on rabies virus glycoprotein (g-protein) was investigated. analysis of glycopeptides obtained by protease digestion of desialated g-protein revealed three discrete glycopeptides. comparison of the protease digestion products from desialated and from untreated g-protein indicated a heterogeneity among the glycopeptides in the sialic acid content. two major tryptic glycopeptides were isolated from desialated rabies virus g-protein and analyzed after protea ...	1977	886651
results of chromosome analysis of rabies virus infected human diploid cells (wi-38).	fixed rabies virus strains did not induce mitotic or chromosome abnormalities in infected wi-38 cultures. infected cells were shown to undergo mitosis thus indicating an endosymbiotic type of infection.	1977	889448
differences in efficiency of protective effect caused by high ambient temperature in mice infected with diverse substrains of rabies virus.	we have shown previously that a non-fatal outcome of infection with street rabies virus occurs more often when mice are exposed to a high ambient temperature (hat = 35 degrees c) early in the course of the infection. to determine what influence the virus strain had on this protective effect of hat, we have extended these observations to studies of a fixed rabies strain, cvs and several substrains of cvs virus derived from temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. in all cases, mortality was reduced to ...	1977	894265
chronic recrudescent rabies in a cat.		1977	896802
[chronic rabies infection in mice intracerebrally infected with street virus].	experimental white mice inoculated intracerebrally with street virus developed the clinical form of chronic rabies infection. the duration of clinical manifestations in the animals with the chronic course of the disease was 55 days. in all the cases the disease was fatal. virological, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic examinations of the brains of these mice have shown that in the chronic form of rabies, in contrast to the acute form, (a) the infectious virus titre is by 4-5 orders lowe ...	1977	898889
[a contribution on the problem of silent infection of the human organism with rabies virus].		1977	899081
characteristics of 11 rabies virus isolates in mice: titers and relative invasiveness of virus, incubation period of infection, and survival of mice with sequelae.	mice were inoculated intracerebrally or in the footpad with 11 salivary gland suspensions from rabid foxes, skunks, and bobcats. the 11 isolates differed in their ratios of intracerebral titer to footpad titer, a result indicating that the "invasiveness" of different isolates varies markedly. the degree of invasiveness could not be correlated with the species of animal. the inoculation of the less invasive isolates resulted in an appreciable number of permanently paralyzed animals (survivors wit ...	1977	903672
[effect of trypsin and rnase on the morphology and biological properties of the rabies virus].		1977	906282
[immunogenic activity of cultural antirabies vaccine inactivated by gamma-rays].	experimental lyophilized tissue culture rabies vaccine inactivated with gamma-rays was prepared from the vnukovo-32 strain and showed a sufficiently high immunogenic activity. complete inactivation of the virus and the immunogenic potency of the vaccine depended upon the dose of irradiation and temperature during irradiation. the virus lost infectivity at 18 degrees c when irradiated with 2.6 x 10(6) r and at --70 degrees c with 4.55 x 10(6) r. however, the immunogenic potency of the vaccine ina ...	1977	906444
rabies pathogenesis.		1977	907476
role of host immune response in the development of either encephalitic or paralytic disease after experimental rabies infection in mice.	the clinical and histopathological manifestations of the infection of immunosuppressed (cyclophosphamide-treated) and immunocompetent (control) adult mice with the cvs ts 2 strain of fixed rabies virus were correlated with the kinetics of virus multiplication in the central nervous system and with the development of serum antibody. in immunocompetent mice severe paralytic disease causing 80% mortality was accompanied by marked inflammation and degeneration of the central nervous system parenchym ...	1977	908617
rna syntheses in bhk21 cells infected by rabies virus.	in bhk21 cells infected by rabies virus, viral rna syntheses are detectable from the first 4 hours till at least 20h after the adsorption period. cellular rna syntheses are not inhibited by the virus. the viral rna syntheses are 10 times lower than syntheses induced in infected cells by vsv. they are also slower since the maximum is between 8 and 12h after infection. at least 3 categories of molecules are synthesized: 1) short (+) molecules sedimenting between 8 and 25 s, and possibly at 30 s; 2 ...	1977	911111
[rapid detection of rabies antibodies by immunoenzymatic assay].	the antigen is a semipurified tissue culture virus, and peroxidase conjugated anti-human immunoglobulines are used. when sera from immunized humans are evaluated by this procedure, the values obtained show a good correlation with seroneutralization titres. the detection of antibodies by this method is earlier than by seroneutralization.	1977	911112
comparison of the lipid composition of rabies virus propagated in nil 2 cells maintained in monolayer versus spinner culture.		1977	911869
the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test for detection of antibodies to rabies virus.	the screening for antibodies to rabies virus has been the subject of interst in ecologic studies and serologic surveys of this zoonosis. the methods most commonly used for these purpose have included the serum neutralization (sn) and indirect fluorescent antibody test [23, 22 6, 15]. the maintenance of laboratory animals or the requirement for special reagents are among the generally recognized limitations of these techniques. furthermore, in the case of the sn test, a period of fifteen days is ...	1977	921140
[detection of rabies virus in rodents and insectivora--a contribution to the epidemiology of rabies].		1977	921718
non-specific resistance against rabies virus in mice, rats & guineapigs.		1977	924528
[effect of age of laboratory animals on the replication of fix and street rabies virus in the cns].		1977	928786
praomys (mastomys) natalensis: an african mouse capable of sustaining persistent asymptomatic rabies infection.		1977	931261
clinical use of human globulin immune to rabies virus.	studies of human globulin immune to rabies virus before licensure showed that it suppressed active antibody responses when individuals received 16 doses of duck embryo vaccine but not when they received 23 doses of duck embryo vaccine. prospective surveillance of use of human globulin immune to rabies virus since licensure in 1974 has revealed that 40% of persons who receive 14-16 doses of duck embryo vaccine have low or undetectable antibody responses 30-90 days after initiation of the series. ...	1976	932504
immunization schedules for the new human diploid cell vaccine against rabies.	clinical and antibody responses of human volunteers to four different serial production lots of human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) each with a different antigenic value are described. three to four doses of hdcv administered over a period of 14 days produced high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies with an average titer up to 20 times higher than the titer elicited by four doses of duck embryo vaccine. antibodies were still present one year after completion of vaccination. only minimal differ ...	1976	942811
human rabies encephalomyelitis.	seven weeks after he was bitten on the lip by a puppy in the gambia a patient showed symptons of rabies. passive and active immunisation was begun three days after the onset of symptons. the evidence indicated that death was a direct consequence of the central nervous system disease rather than any associated complication. our inability to alter the course of the illness appreciably emphasises the importance of immediate postexposure immunisation in rabies and draws attention to the present lack ...	1976	944605
a case of rabies in man: some problems in diagnosis and management.	a patient who returned from india with a gastrointestinal disturbance subsequently developed the clinical features of rabies. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of rabies virus from saliva and the demonstration of rising titres of rabies antibody. he was treated in an intensive care unit, ventilated mechanically, and given rabies antiserum, but cerebral activity ceased and he died after 22 days. his course was marked by numerous bouts of cardiac arrhythmia including complete heart block. t ...	1976	944606
problems associated with rabies preexposure prophylaxis.	with the rabies vaccine presently available for preexposure prophylaxis, 20% of all individuals do not have seroconversion following routine immunizations, and 5% are allergic to this vaccine. two experimental rabies vaccines of cell culture origin offering greater purity and potency were evaluated by means of a double-blind experiment. thirty-one volunteers who did not have seroconversion or who were allergic to duck embryo rabies vaccine received rabies vaccine produced in either human diploid ...	1976	946209
[bone marrow cells of mice immunized with different rabies vaccines].	cytogenetic studies of bone marrow cells of mice after inoculated differently with viral vaccines (fixed rabies virus, antirabic vaccine with the remainder virulence and fully inactivated with ultraviolet light antirabic vaccine) showed that all the vaccines, except the fully inactivated one, caused temporary damages of chromosomes interfering with the process of the first mitotic divisions after the beginning of immunization. the live fixed rabies virus caused a secondary, more significant incr ...	1976	951742
natural resistance of an african rodent praomys (mastomys) natalensis to rabies infection.	praomys (mastomys) natalensis, the multimammate mouse, proved resistant to the intracerebral and peripheral infection with rabies virus of serotype 1, which is found world-wide. it is, however, fully susceptible to the other serotypes of this virus group, which to-date have only been found on the african continent. resistance develops between the third and twenty-first day after birth. in the brain of the resistant animal the inoculated virus multiplies to a low degree and the animal does not de ...	1976	952444
the oral rabies immunization of foxes and dogs with sausage baits.	foxes wer immunized orally with an attenuated rabies vaccine, era, grown on bhk cells. the liquid vaccine was placed in plastic straws, which in turn were incorporated into smoked sausage baits, acceptable to and readily ingested by the animals. when the baits were bitten and the meat swallowed, an oral immunizing dose of vaccine resulted in circulating antibody titers in foxes (and dogs); the animals with antibody resisted a "street" rabies virus challenge that killed unvaccinated controls. the ...	1976	955279
[experimental concentration and purification of cultural antirabies vaccine].	a study of 6 series of concentrated and purified -- by ultracentrifugation -- dry cultural rabies vaccine inactivated with ultra-voilet rays demonstrated that in case of a 31--316 increase of concentration immunogenicity of the preparation rose 3--13-fold. purification of the vaccine took place with its concentration. additional purification of the concentrated vaccine on aluminium oxide led to a partial loss of the viral protein and to reduction of immunogenicity.	1976	961258
oral rabies vaccine: evaluation of its infectivity in three species of rodents.	the safety of oral rabies vaccine was evaluated in 3 species of rodents, animals which might inadvertently consume field-distributed vaccine baits intended for foxes. the potentials for infection from bait ingestion and transmission through cannibalism were evaluated. results indicate that ingestion of the vaccine baits used in these experiments will result in infection and disease of some rodents. of 64 rodents which ate baits, 19 (30%) died of clinical rabies; the diagnosis was confirmed in 11 ...	1976	961696
rabies vaccines for animals and man.		1976	969208
plaque assay of rabies virus on porcine kidney cell monolayers.	the era strain of rabies virus was adapted to growth on monolayers of a porcine kidney cell line (pk-2a). a reproducible plaque assay system was subsequently developed, which appears to be satisfactory for conducting plaque neutralization tests.	1976	972180
demonstration of non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus and isolation of the hemagglutinin by disruption of the virion with nonidet p-40.	non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus accumulated in the fluid phase of chick embryo cell cultures at 6 days post-infection, though they were undetectable at 4 days. they were characterized as looped filaments resembling viral envelope as revealed by electron microscopy. another form of hemagglutinin (hanin) was obtained by solubilization of partially purified virions with nonidet p-40 (np-40) followed by successive high speed and cscl density gradient centrifugations. the de ...	1976	973800
vaccination against rabies.		1976	982513
[electron miscroscopic studies of rabies virus].		1976	988253
large-scale purification of animal viruses in the rk-model zonal ultracentrifuge. i. rabies virus.		1976	993213
[immunogenicity and protective activity of glycoprotein extracted from rabies virus: results from comparison of preparations obtained by different methods of purification (author's transl)].	a rabies vaccine was prepared from virus grown on primary cultured bovine foetal kidney cells. after beta-propiolactone inactivation of the virus, the vaccine was partially purified by zinc acetate precipitation, g-75 sephadex chromatography, and ultracentrifugation prior to a non ionic detergent solubilisation. a glycoprotein fraction with protective capacity was extracted by triton x100 from the spikes of the inactivated rabies virus. an electrophoretically homogenous glycoprotein was found to ...	1976	999129
[stability of fixed virus in rabies vaccines].		1976	1004066
[effect of viral vaccines on animal bone marrow cell chromosomes].	a comparative study on the effect of a number of viral vaccines (live and inactivated vaccinia, poliovirus type ii, measles, rabies vaccines) on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells was carried out. most vaccines were found to impair the process of first divisions of these cells after vaccination. live vaccinia vaccine and live fixed rabies virus cause an increase in the rate of structural chromosome aberrations at later intervals, 30-90 days after immunization. the main type of chromosome dis ...	1976	1007225
[experimental study of rabies virus (vnukovo-32 strain) persistence in white mice].	the duration of detection of the specific antigen in the cells of the central nervous system (cns) of mice extraneurally infected with 450, 560 and 4380 ld50 of rabies virus, the vnukovo-32 strain was studied. the antigen in the cns cells was detected by the fluorescent antibody technique from the 11th until the 52nd day postinoculation, at 16-34 days being found in 50 to 100% of the experimental animals. in parallel, virus-neutralizing antibody was determined in the blood serum of the infected ...	1976	1007228
[abortive and asymptomatic forms of rabies infection].		1976	1007719
[purification and concentration of the rabies virus on an aluminum phosphate gel].		1976	1014346
a study on cell mediated immunity to rabies virus: lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.		1976	1017854
human rabies. ii. serological studies and intra-vitam virus isolation.		1976	1019535
[potency studies of sample rabies vaccine, inactivated by beta-propiolactone].		1976	1023462
freeze-drying of a purified human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	a rabies vaccine prepared in human diploid cell strains was purified by continuous-flow sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the peak fractions containing 35-40% sucrose were diluted with a stabilizer consisting of degraded gelatine in a tris-edta-buffer, and then inactivated with beta-propiolactone and freeze-dried to a residual moisture of approximately 2.5%. this vaccine was stable as proved by accelerated stability tests.	1976	1030426
[intensity of virus multiplication in abortive rabies].	experiments in random-bred and balb/c white mice inoculated intraperitoneally with street virus, in syrian hamsters inoculated intramuscularly with fixed viruses as well as experiments reproducing abortive rabies in 99-100% in random-bred white mice inoculated intramuscularly with fixed virus (era strain) showed that in the abortive infection the intensity of virus multiplication in the brain is lower than that in fatal infection, the differences being statistically significant. it was found out ...	1976	1030903
production and control of rabies vaccines made on diploid cells.	introductory remarks on the advantages of antirabies vaccines obtained from human diploid cell cultures in comparison with brain tissue vaccine and duck embryo vaccine. the characteristics of these new types of vaccine are: (i) high antigenicity, (ii) rapid development of antibodies, (iii) absence of adverse reactions even when the booster inoculation was given two years later. the disadvantage is the high cost of production to obtain a highly purified product.	1976	1031688
post-exposure use of human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine.	880 individuals, 120 of which were exposed to rabid animals, were immunized pre- or post-exposure with 2 different bpl-inactivated and concentrated rabies vaccines prepared in hdc strains wi-38 and mrc-5. the vaccines were well tolerated and no major side effects were observed after primary immunization with 3-10 doses or 1 booster vaccination. the dynamics of neutralizing, antibody formation and persistence of antibodies in 4 different groups of vaccinees are described. the groups were vaccinat ...	1976	1031689
clinical responses to t(n)bp-disrupted hdcs (wi-38) rabies vaccine.	study of 10 batches of an antirabies vaccine made from purified, concentrated subunits (pitman-moore strain adapted to wistar hdcs). one single dose of vaccine is insufficient; three or more doses induce high antibody levels. among more than 2000 vaccines secondary reactions were rare and generally mild and transient. all the individuals vaccinated post-exposure remained without rabic symptoms. the vaccine was also particularly efficacious for booster doses.	1976	1031690
the development of rabbit diploid cell lines.	the authors describe briefly studies on the development of diploid cell lines from fetal tissues (origin: four inbred rabbits). some lines have been maintained in continuous serial culture for over three years. the lung 16 may represent a qualifying rabbit diploid cell line when used between cell passages 48 and 100; during this period it has shown a minimum deviation from the normal diploid rabbit karyotype; it supports the growth of rubella virus, is non-tumorigenic and might be useful as a su ...	1976	1036403
[the lesser known but much feared virus of hydrophobia or rabies].		1976	1050306
arbovirus infection of vertebrate and insect cell cultures, with special emphasis on mokola, obodhiang, and kotonkan viruses of the rabies serogroup.	multiplication of rabies serogroup viruses, obodhiang and kotonkan (two presumptive arboviruses), was induced in vertebrate cell cultures with singh's a. albopictus cell cultures used as "helper cells" in cocultivation experiments. plaque formation without prior in vitro adaptation was induced in vero cell cultures with eight rabies serogroup viruses: in all five instances by cocultivation of either infected bhk-21 or a. albopictus cells with vero cells under agar overlay and in three of eight i ...	1975	1072596
thymus dependence of rabies vaccine.	immune responses to rabies vaccine were compared with those to known thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens, in nude mice and their normal litter mates. no antibody response to, or protection against, challenge was observed in nude mice inoculated with either 1 or 2 doses of rabies vaccine. a single dose of the same vaccine induced a substantial antibody response and protected normal mice. these data indicate that the antigens in rabies vaccine that induce neutralizing antibody and pro ...	1976	1087335
[demonstration of rabies in a bat in berlin].		1975	1091260
treatment of persons exposed to rabies.	several clinical and epidemiologic criteria have been formulated by the center for disease control in advising physicians on the treatment of persons exposed to possibly rabit animals. when deciding whether or not to institute rabies prophylaxis, the physician must consider (1) the type of exposure, (2) the animal species involved in the exposure and the regional epidemiology of rabies, (3) the circumstances surrounding the exposure, and (4) the treatment alternatives and complications.	1975	1091748
rabies neutralizing antibody determination in tissue culture by direct fluorescent antibody technique.		1975	1092690
pathogenesis of rabies in immunodeficient mice.	the hep and ts2 strains of rabies virus inoculated intracerebrally into adult mice normally cause clinically inapparent infection. in the experiments described, this is converted into a lethal infection by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, which also prevented induction of immunity with vaccine. lethal infection of hep-inoculated mice was also observed in mice treated with antihymocytic serum, and in athymic (balb/c-nu) nude mice.	1975	1092760
studies on the oral infectivity of rabies virus in carnivora.	mature and immature red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were fed varying numbers of white mice infected with street isolates and a fixed strain of rabies virus. rabies deaths and the development of serum neutralizing antibody to rabies virus occurred in both species. the epizootiological implications of these findings are discussed.	1975	1097742
vaccination of foxes against rabies using ingested baits.	a method for immunizing foxes against rabies was evaluated. fifteen of 36 red foxes (vulpes fulva) fed baits impregnated with modified live virus rabies vaccine developed serum rabies neutralizing antibody. the vaccine-bait proved unstable when held at 4 c or 25 c for 96 hours prior to feeding. for safety testing the vaccine virus was administered to opossums (didelphis virginiana), cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus), hamsters (mesocricetus auratus), and chickens (gallus domesticus) in either liqui ...	1975	1097743
sensitivity of bhk-21 cells supplemented with diethylaminoethyl-dextran for detection of street rabies virus in saliva samples.	a tissue culture system for detecting rabies virus from saliva samples of suspected animals was developed and compared to suckling mouse inoculation. swab samples were obtained from the mouth of the animal heads received for rabies diagnosis; these swabs were submerged in maintenance medium. the maintenance medium was inoculated intracerebrally into suckling mice and onto bhk-21 cells with diethylaminoethyl (deae)-dextran (bhk/deae) and without (bhk). rabies immunofluorescence was performed on t ...	1975	1100655
measurement of rabies antibody: comparison of the mouse neutralization test (mnt) with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit).		1975	1102548
[comparative studies on the significance of the "cornea test" in the diagnosis of rabies].	foxes that were positive by the fluorescent antibody test on brain were also positive by the corneal test. the corneal test gave a false-negative results only when the specimen was in a macerated state. out of 133 foxes in which rabies virus was demonstrated in the optic nerve by animal inoculation, only one was negative to the corneal test - this may have been a case of centripetal spread of the infection which was examined at a stage when virus was present in the optic nerve but not in the cor ...	1975	1103770
relationship of two arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses (kotonkan and obodhiang) to the rabies serogroup.	indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the antigenic relationship between kotankan and obodhiang viruses and mokola virus that had originally been shown by complement fixation test. this relationship suggests inclusion of these two arthropod isolates in the rabies subgroup of the rhabdoviridae family. cross-reactivity with mokola virus was also demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence but was easily eliminated when conjugates were diluted. no crossreactivities were found by neutralization tests ...	1975	1104485
[rabies anti-glycoprotein igg conjugated with peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate (author's transl)].		1975	1108733
letter: rabies virus in bts' brain and salivary glands.		1975	1109200
maturation of rabies virus by budding from neuronal cell membrane in suckling mouse brain.	two strains of tissue culture-grown rabies virus developed in suckling mouse brain predominantly by the process of virus budding from the neuronal cell membrane.	1975	1117483
is the negri body specific for rabies? a light and electron microscopical study.	since first described by negri in 1903, the negri body has been regarded as a pathognomonic finding in signifying the presence of rabies encephalitis. negri bodies (light microscope) were found in the brain of a patient with conclusive evidence against the presence of rabies encephalitis. this case provided the opportunity for a pertinent review of the literature in bringing the subject into a reasoned perspective. a definitive etiologic diagnosis of rabies requires the use of electron microscop ...	1975	1122180
determination of the site of oral rabies vaccination.	foxes developed serum neutralizing antibodies to rabies only after oral administration of an attenuated rabies vaccine, and not when a similar vaccine dose was introduced into the stomach. these results emphasize the need for a bait that assures delivery of a vaccine dose orally.	1975	1124754
presence of rabies neutralizing antibodies in wild carnivores following an outbreak of bovine rabies.	in an outbreak of bovine rabies in argentina, a study was made of vampire bats (desmodus rotundus) and wild carnivores. rabies antibody rates of high prevalence were found in the bats, foxes (dusicyon gymnocercus) and skunks (conepatus chinga). the outbreak was part of an extensive continuing epizootic of vampire transmitted bovine rabies which may have also involved other vectors in the area of this study. consumption of dead and dying bats by the carnivores is the suggested means of passage of ...	1975	1142554
[potency testing of inactivated rabies vaccines with the antibody binding test in comparison with the nih and habel test(author's transl)].	the antibody binding test, a new technique for the evaluation of inactivated rabies vaccines, developed by arko, wiktor and sikes, was compared with the nih- and habel test. various vaccines were tested with these methods with the following results and conclusions. 1. the habel test was useful for testing of hempt vaccines. with highly potent vaccines however it was not possible to get exact protection values, for all vaccinated mice were protected against all virus dilutions. 2. the nih test se ...	1975	1154901
therapy of murine rabies after exposure: efficacy of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid alone and in combination with three rabies vaccines.	a murine model simulating human street rabies virus infection was used to evaluate the efficacy of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly i-poly c), three rabies vaccines, and combinations of these modes of therapy administered after exposure. one or two doses of 100 mug of poly i-poly c, injected into the same intramuscular site as the challenge virus, significantly reduced the mortality rate when therapy was initiated 3 hr after challenge; however, the same quantity of poly i-poly c inj ...	1975	1159327
rabies in experimentally infected bears, ursus spp., with epizootiologic notes.		1975	1166716
structural proteins of two salmonid rhabdoviruses.	purified infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) virus and the virus of haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) (egtved virus) each contain five structural proteins which were designated l, g, n, m-1, and m-2. the ihn viral polypeptides have molecular weights estimated to be 157,000, 72,000, 40,000, 25,000 and 20,000, respectively, whereas those of vhs viral polypeptides are estimated to be 157,000 74,000, 41,000, 21,500, and 19,000, respectively. the carbohydrate composition of the glycoprotein (g) was ...	1975	1167914
effect of administered human interferon on experimental rabies in monkeys.	cynomolgus monkeys infected with rabies virus were protected by repeated intramuscular administration of human leukocyte interferon beginning 24 h after infection.	1975	1168171