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development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine, ovine, porcine, and equine antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus.two competitive (c) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in animal sera. the assays are based upon the availability of polyclonal antibodies (pabs) from mouse ascitic fluids prepared against the new jersey (nj) and the indiana (in) vsv serotypes. the assays were performed by the immobilization of vsv-nj and vsv-in antigens on a solid phase (microtiter plate). appropriately diluted test serum mixed with an e ...19938394377
feral swine as a potential amplifying host for vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype on ossabaw island, georgia.sentinel feral swine (sus scrofa) on ossabaw island, georgia (usa), were serologically monitored for antibodies to vesicular stomatitis new jersey serotype (vsnj) virus from 17 april to 27 august 1990. seroconversions to vsnj virus were detected in 24% of swine island-wide. differences in the incidence of seroconversion were detected between swine sampled in the pleistocene and holocene formations of the island suggesting that the presence of virus is forest type dependent. based on the consiste ...19938394941
rapid detection of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype in clinical samples by using polymerase chain reaction.vesicular stomatitis virus of the new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) causes vesicular disease in cattle, pigs, and horses throughout the americas. vesicular disease is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). therefore, outbreaks of vesicular disease in fmd-free areas must be rapidly diagnosed by laboratory methods and affected farms must be quarantined until laboratory results confirm the absence of fmd. diagnosis is currently performed in high-containment (biosafety level 3) l ...19938396584
hierarchal constitutive phosphorylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus p protein and lack of effect on p1 to p2 conversion.in vitro reconstitution of a transcriptionally active vsv polymerase complex (p:l) reportedly requires phosphorylation of the n-terminal domain of p by ckii. two constitutively phosphorylated sites have been implicated in this activation for both vsv indiana and new jersey serotype p proteins. we show here that, in contrast to new jersey, the indiana p protein is constitutively phosphorylated on three sites in vivo. the evidence rests on assessing the phosphorylation status of transfected p gene ...19958525614
comparison of the polymerases (l genes) of spring viremia of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.we have determined the partial nucleotide sequences of the polymerase genes of the fish rhabdoviruses, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). at this point we have deduced the amino acid sequences and analysed the first 1,400 amino acids comprising two thirds of the polymerase genes of svcv and ihnv. we have compared sequence similarities of svcv and ihnv polymerases with other rhabdovirus and paramyxovirus polymerases. the svcv polymerase showed ...19958581012
normal replication of vesicular stomatitis virus without c proteins.the expression of two small basic proteins (c and c') encoded by a second open reading frame of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) p gene was reported previously (spiropoulou and nichol, j. virol., 67, 3103-3110, 1993). here we found that the indiana serotype virus also expressed c and c' proteins from this reading frame. we eliminated c and c' expression by making a single base change that introduced a stop codon in the c and c' coding sequence, but left the p-protein s ...19968607260
identification of a set of proteins (c' and c) encoded by the bicistronic p gene of the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus and analysis of their effect on transcription by the viral rna polymerase.previous work (c.f. spiropoulou and s.t. nichol, 1993, j. virol. 67, 3103-3110) has demonstrated the existence in cells infected with the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of two small carboxy-coterminal proteins encoded by the p mrna. these proteins have been named c' and c. we are interested in studying the function of these proteins in the virus life cycle. toward this end, we have cloned the orf encoding the potential c' protein of the indiana serotype as a histidine-ta ...19968610460
persistence of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey rna in convalescent hamsters.persistence of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) was studied in experimentally infected hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). we used reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) to probe tissues of hamsters inoculated with vsv-nj hazelhurst. viral genomic rna was detected in the brain, cerebellum, spleen, liver, kidney, and lung 2 months after infection, but only in the central nervous system at 10 and 12 months. viral messenger rna was detected in the brain of o ...19968638411
rod-like shape of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein.the shape of purified matrix protein (m) of vesicular stomatitis virus was determined using biophysical techniques like analytical centrifugation, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle neutron scattering. the data obtained are consistent with a rod-like model for m protein with a length of about 100 +/- 10 a and a radius of 9 +/- 1 a. these dimensions are in agreement with the substructure of m protein aggregates and with the fine morphology of the axial channel material found inside the vir ...19968638412
vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus rna persists in cattle following convalescence.to test the hypothesis that vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) persists in convalescent cattle, we used explant cultures and reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reactions to probe for viral genomic, replicative intermediate, and mrna in two cows experimentally inoculated in the tongue 5 months earlier and three cows naturally infected 4-14 months previously. virus was not isolated from any tissues of any animal. sequences of the viral polymerase and nucleocapsid genes were ...19968638415
cytopathic effect inhibition assay for canine interferon activity.conditions for cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition assay of canine interferon (ifn) activity in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and in canine tumor cell line a72 was investigated using the new jersey strain of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the culture supernatant from canine splenocytes stimulated with ultraviolet-irradiated newcastle disease viruses was used as reference ifn. mdck cells were resistant for growth of vsv when the cells were confluent. full cpe was observed only in a spa ...19968645752
folding, unfolding, and refolding of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.folding and refolding of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g protein), new jersey serotype, were studied both in infected cells and after urea denaturation and reduction of isolated protein in vitro. to assess the contribution of disulfide bonds to the conformation of this type i membrane glycoprotein, reduced and alkylated forms were compared with unreduced g proteins by their mobility on sds-polyacrylamide gels and by their reactivity with conformation-dependent monoclonal ant ...19968672443
serological survey of small mammals in a vesicular stomatitis virus enzootic area.small mammals were captured in a costa rican dairy farm located in a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) enzootic focus, in order to determine which species were naturally infected by this virus. monthly captures were performed from march 1989 to february 1990. eighty-four individuals belonging to the orders rodentia (n = 52), insectivora (n = 31) and marsupialia (n = 1) were captured. only sigmodon hispidus had neutralizing antibodies to vsv; among 21 animals, six had antibodies to indiana, one to ...19968722265
the relationship of piry virus to other vesiculoviruses: a re-evaluation based on the glycoprotein gene sequence.by sequencing the 3 half of the piry virus genome, we show that piry virus, like the other vesiculoviruses, contains the genes for nucleoprotein n, phosphoprotein p, matrix protein m, glycoprotein g and polymerase protein l, in that order. our analysis of the piry g protein sequence suggests that piry and chandipura are related to each other as closely as the indiana and new jersey vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes are to each other. a re-examination of amino acid sequences in the nucleocapsi ...19958724858
periplasmic expression of biologically active vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein p in escherichia coli.overexpression of a clone of vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein p (new jersey serotype) using t7 promoter with phoa leader sequence and a simpler two-step purification procedure of the expressed protein has been developed. the purified protein retains its ability to activate the transcription reaction. comparative transcriptional assay using the protein p purified from periplasmic space and from cytosol (in the form of inclusion body) of escherichia coli establishes the fact that the form ...19968776756
the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses.the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ...19968806175
ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus.vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) is a rhabdovirus that causes economically important disease in cattle and other domestic animals in endemic areas from southeastern united states to northern south america. its negatively stranded rna genome is capable of undergoing rapid evolution, which allows phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology studies to be performed. previous epidemiological studies in costa rica showed the existence of at least two distinct ecological zones of hig ...19968917539
immunogenicity of an aphthovirus chimera of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.an oligodeoxynucleotide coding for amino acids 139 through 149 of antigenic site a (asa) of the vp1 capsid protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus c3 serotype (fmdv c3) was inserted into three different in-frame sites of the vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) glycoprotein (g) gene cdna present in plasmid pkg97 under control of the bacteriophage t7 polymerase promoter. transfection of these plasmids into cv1 cells coinfected with the t7 polymerase-expressing vaccinia viru ...19968970972
distribution and variation of nv genes in fish rhabdoviruses.the fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) contains a non-virion (nv) gene between the glycoprotein (g) and polymerase (l) genes on its rna genome. the present study investigated three other fish rhabdovirus genomes and found that the nv gene of hirame rhabdovirus is closely related to the nv of ihnv, whereas the viral haemorrhagic septicemia nv gene showed evidence of significant divergence. most importantly, spring viraemia of carp virus, the only vesiculovirus-like f ...19979010293
experimental infection of swine with a sandfly (lutzomyia shannoni) isolate of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype. 19969026063
phosphorylated states of vesicular stomatitis virus p protein in vitro and in vivo.we have previously shown that the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), new jersey serotype (pnj) is phosphorylated by casein kinase ii, within the n-terminal domain i (p1 form), whereas the c-terminal domain ii is phosphorylated by a protein kinase activity associated with the l protein (p2 form) (d. j. chattopadhyay and a.k. banerjee, cell 49, 407, 1987; a.m. takacs et al., j. virol. 66, 5842, 1992). in the present studies, we have mapped the corresponding p1 and p2 phosphory ...19979123826
experimental vesicular stomatitis in swine: effects of route of inoculation and steroid treatment.an enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) exists on ossabaw island, georgia. many questions regarding the epizootiology of this virus at this focus still exist, but evidence suggests that the vector for this virus is a phlebotomine sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni), with feral swine serving as a potential source of virus for the sand fly and for other swine via contact transmission. we conducted 2 experimental trials in domestic swine using vsv-nj isolated from a s ...19979211231
vector competence of select black fly species for vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype).black flies collected from southern arizona were evaluated for their vector competence to the oaxaca and camp verde isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) (vsv-nj). the camp verde isolate is the index isolate of the 1982-1983 vsv-nj epizootic that infected humans and livestock in 14 western states. previous experiments have shown that colonized simulium vittatum females are competent laboratory vectors of both virus isolates. however, under controlled laboratory conditions, ...19979242316
display of disparate transcription phenotype by the phosphorylation negative p protein mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus, indiana serotype, expressed in e. coli and eucaryotic cells.the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a subunit of the rna polymerase (l) that transcribes the negative strand genome rna into mrnas both in vitro and in vivo. we have recently shown that the p protein of vsv, new jersey serotype (pnj), expressed in e. coli, is biologically inactive unless phosphorylated at specific serine residues by cellular casein kinase ii (ckii). in the present work, we are studying the role of phosphorylation in the activation of the p protein of in ...19979368099
basic amino acid residues at the carboxy-terminal eleven amino acid region of the phosphoprotein (p) are required for transcription but not for replication of vesicular stomatitis virus genome rna.the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotypes new jersey [p(nj)] and indiana [p(i)] contains a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain which is required for binding to the cognate n-rna template as well as to form a soluble complex with the nucleocapsid protein n in vivo. we have shown that the deletion of 11 amino acids from the c terminal end of the p(i) protein abolishes both the template binding and the complex forming activity with the n protein. within this region, ...19979375014
interferon induction as a quasispecies marker of vesicular stomatitis virus populations.the interferon (ifn)-inducing capacity of different isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of the indiana (in) and new jersey (nj) serotypes were measured to assess the extent of variability of this phenotype. over 200 preparations of wild-type field isolates, laboratory strains, and plaque-derived subpopulations were examined. marked heterogeneity was found in the ability of these viruses to induce ifn, covering a 10,000-fold range. a good fit to a normal distribution for the log of the i ...19989420257
the length and sequence composition of vesicular stomatitis virus intergenic regions affect mrna levels and the site of transcript initiation.in this study, we used a dicistronic vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) minigenome to investigate the effects of either single or multiple nucleotide insertions placed immediately after the nontranscribed intergenic dinucleotide of the m gene on vsv transcription. both northern blot and primer extension analysis showed that the polymerase responded to the inserted nucleotides in a sequence-specific manner such that some insertions had no effect on mrna synthesis from the downstream g gene, nor on ...19989621014
potential for contact and mechanical vector transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey in pigs.to determine whether swine could be infected with vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) by routes simulating mechanical vector and contact transmission, and to document clinical response and measure source, duration, and extent of associated viral shedding.19999918146
1995 epizootic of vesicular stomatitis (new jersey serotype) in the western united states: an entomologic perspective.entomologic and epizootic data are reviewed concerning the potential for transmission of vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus by insects, including field data from case-positive premises in new mexico and colorado during the 1995 outbreak of the new jersey serotype (vsnj). as with previous outbreaks of vsnj in the western united states, the 1995 epizootic illustrated that risk of exposure is seasonal, increasing during warm weather and decreasing with onset of cool weather; virus activity spread from ...199910071485
vesicular stomatitis.vesicular stomatitis is a disease of livestock caused by some members of the vesiculovirus genus (family rhabdoviridae), two of which are called 'vesicular stomatitis virus'. clinical disease presents as severe vesiculation and/or ulceration of the tongue, oral tissues, feet, and teats, and results in substantial loss of productivity. except for its appearance in horses, it is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease. unlike foot-and-mouth disease, it is very infectious for man a ...199910328837
deduced structural model for animal rhabdovirus glycoproteins.the g protein sequences of fourteen animal rhabdoviruses, representing all four recognized genera (vesiculovirus, lyssavirus, ephemerovirus and novirhabdovirus) and the ungrouped sigma virus, were aligned using clustal w and adjusted to account for obvious sequence similarities not detected by the algorithm. analysis of the alignment indicated remarkable preservation of g protein structural features including cysteine residues, antigenic sites and significant elements of secondary structure (alp ...199910355768
bite transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) to laboratory mice by simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae).laboratory-reared female black flies (simulium vittatum zetterstedt) were infected experimentally with a 1997 vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype isolate and allowed to feed on susceptible laboratory mice. all mice exposed to black fly bite seroconverted by day 21 after infection, an indication of virus transmission. in addition, viral rna was detected in the spleen of several mice. these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that black flies are involved in vsv-nj transmission ...199910467765
matrix protein of chandipura virus inhibits transcription from an rna polymerase ii promoter.chandipura virus (chpv) is a vesiculovirus, related to, but phylogenetically distinct from, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the matrix protein of vsv, as well as its role in virus assembly, inhibits the transcription from promoters for host rna polymerases i and ii. cloning and expression of the matrix protein of chpv in human cells showed that this protein is also functional in its inhibitory effect on transcription of a reporter gene from the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, despite ...199910595413
antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated from ganoderma lucidum.in order to find antiviral substances from basidiomycetes, two water soluble substances, glhw and gllw, and eight methanol soluble substances, glme-1-8, were prepared from carpophores of ganoderma lucidum. these substances were examined for their activities against five strains of pathogenic viruses such as herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), influenza a virus (flu a) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) indiana and new jersey strains in vitro. antiviral activities were evaluated ...199910624872
immune responses in mice, cattle and horses to a dna vaccine for vesicular stomatitis.vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus causes an important clinical disease of cattle and horses in north america. in order for a vaccine to be useful in the control of vs, it must not only protect against disease, but allow ready differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals. in these studies, we evaluated neutralizing antibody responses in outbred mice, calves, and horses that received a dna vaccine that expressed the glycoprotein (g) gene of vs new jersey virus. the vaccine elicited antibody ti ...200010738093
re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the western united states is associated with distinct viral genetic lineages.phylogenetic analysis of partial phosphoprotein and glycoprotein gene sequences showed that a single genetic lineage of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype new jersey (nj) caused the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (vs) in the western united states. while distinct from vsv-nj strains causing previous outbreaks in the western united states and those circulating in feral swine in the southeastern united states, this lineage was closely related to viral lineages circulating in ...200010814582
n-terminal region of p protein of chandipura virus is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated homodimerization.the phosphoprotein p of chandipura (chp) virus, an indian isolate of rhabdovirus, was found to support transcription upon phosphorylation by casein kinase ii (ckii). a phosphorylation-induced change in the protein conformation was found to occur at the n-terminal region of the protein. biochemical studies for further characterization of this phosphorylation-based conformational alteration demonstrated that phosphorylation leads to the transition from an 'open' to 'closed' structure of the protei ...200010877855
potentiation of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus infection in mice by mosquito saliva.saliva of arthropod vectors can modulate vertebrate host immunological functions in many ways. to investigate if vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnj) infection could be potentiated by arthropod saliva, mice in three different age groups (3 days, 3 weeks, or > 8 months) were exposed to vsnj-infected mosquitoes or were needle injected with an equivalent dose of vsnj (titre 1.5-3 logs). previous studies have demonstrated that vs viruses do not replicate in mice older than 3 weeks of age. in ...200010972853
oral infection of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) by vesicular stomatitis virus.vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (vsnjv) was mixed with bovine blood or fetal bovine serum (fbs) and fed across silicone membranes to laboratory populations of culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones. in an initial study, virus was detected after 13 d in 21% of the midges that received an fbs/vsnjv mixture. in subsequent time-course experiments, engorged females were collected and maintained at 20.0 degrees c and assayed for vsnjv immediately after feeding and at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 13 d a ...200011004797
glycoprotein exchange vectors based on vesicular stomatitis virus allow effective boosting and generation of neutralizing antibodies to a primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.live recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsvs) expressing foreign antigens are highly effective vaccine vectors. however, these vectors induce high-titer neutralizing antibody directed at the single vsv glycoprotein (g), and this antibody alone can prevent reinfection and boosting with the same vector. to determine if efficient boosting could be achieved by changing the g protein of the vector, we have developed two new recombinant vsv vectors based on the vsv indiana serotype but with the ...200011069984
rna polymerase (l) gene and genome terminal sequences of ephemeroviruses bovine ephemeral fever virus and adelaide river virus indicate a close relationship to vesiculoviruses.the sequence of the rna genome of bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv) was determined from the start of the l (polymerase) gene to the end of the untranslated 5' trailer sequence, completing the sequence of the 14900 nucleotide (nt) genome. the 6470 nt l gene encodes a single long orf of 2144 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 249766 da. the 70 nt befv 5' trailer region displays partial terminal complementarity with the 3' leader sequence and contains a 26 nt direct repeat of the u-ri ...200011074128
serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in swift and kit foxes from the western united states.a serologic survey of swift fox (vulpes velox) and kit fox (v. macrotis) from the western usa was conducted for 12 infectious diseases. samples from swift fox were collected between 1987 and 1992 from colorado (n = 44), kansas (n = 10), and wyoming (n = 9). samples from kit fox were collected in california (n = 86), new mexico (n = 18), utah (n = 9), and arizona (n = 6). overall antibody prevalence rates were 33 of 110 (30%) for canine parvovirus (cpv), 9 of 72 (13%) for canine distemper virus ( ...200011085448
longitudinal studies in the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis on costa rican dairy farms.twenty-three costa rican dairy herds from an vesicular stomatitis (vs) endemic area were under an active surveillance between april 1997 and march 1999. ninety-two confirmed cases of vs new jersey were found. factors associated with clinical cases of vs virus new jersey were: parity (animals of parity 4 or 5 were 5.3 times more likely to present a clinical case than animals of parity 3 and lower; on the other hand, animals of parity 6 and higher showed an odds 4.6 times greater than animals of p ...200011193656
vsv-nj on ossabaw island, georgia. the truth is out there.ossabaw island, georgia, is the only recognized enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in the united states and has been the subject of vsv-nj research since 1981. to date, vsv-nj antibodies have been detected only from feral swine, cattle, equines, deer, and raccoons. vsv-nj transmission occurs annually, is seasonal, and is associated with the maritime forest. despite high transmission rates the clinical disease is rarely detected. a sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni) occur ...200011193657
laboratory vector competence of black flies (diptera:simuliidae) for the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.in previous experiments we have demonstrated that colonized and wild black flies are competent laboratory vectors of different mexican and western usa isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype new jersey (vsv-nj). we have recently demonstrated biological vsv-nj transmission by black flies using animal models. in the study described here, we tested the vector competence of colonized and wild black flies for the vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype indiana (vsv-in). a 1998 equine isolate wa ...200011193658
survey of small rodents and hematophagous flies in three sentinel farms in a costa rican vesicular stomatitis endemic region.a survey of rodents and hematophagous flies was conducted on three farms located in an area endemic for vesicular stomatitis to determine the species composition of each zoological group occurring in these areas. eleven species of small rodents were collected and identified. individuals from forty-nine species of hematophagous flies of the families ceratopogonidae, culicidae, and phlebotominae were captured and identified. the species compositions in each group were compared between farms. roden ...200011193660
contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey in pigs.to determine how viral shedding and development or lack of clinical disease relate to contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in pigs and determine whether pigs infected by contact could infect other pigs by contact.200111327457
development of an immunoglobulin m (igm) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of equine and swine igm antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus.an immunoglobulin m (igm) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mc-elisa) was developed for the detection of primary infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in equine and swine sera. the test was based on the use of biotinylated sheep antibodies against equine or swine igm molecules bound to a streptavidin-coated elisa plate. the captured igm antibodies were detected by application of antigens prepared from the new jersey and the indiana vsv serotypes (vsv-nj and vsv-in, respectively) ...200111329443
multiple vesiculoviral matrix proteins inhibit both nuclear export and import.the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits both nuclear import and export. here, we demonstrate that this inhibitory property is conserved between the m proteins from two other vesiculoviruses, chandipura virus and spring viremia carp virus. all three m proteins completely block nuclear transport of spliced mrna, small nuclear rnas, and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and slow the nuclear transport of many other cargoes. in all cases where transport was merely slowed by the m ...200111447272
pathogenesis of experimental vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) infection in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) infection has not been investigated previously in native new world rodents that may have a role in the epidemiology of the disease. in the present study, 45 juvenile and 80 adult deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were inoculated intranasally with vsv new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) and examined sequentially over a 7-day period. virus was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in all tissues containing histologic lesi ...200111467473
molecular characterisation of the nucleocapsid protein gene, glycoprotein gene and gene junctions of rhabdovirus 903/87, a novel fish pathogenic rhabdovirus.the sequences of the nucleocapsid and glycoprotein genes and the gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdovirus 903/87 were determined from cdna and pcr clones. the mrna of the nucleocapsid is most likely 1492 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 426 amino acids, whereas the mrna of the glycoprotein is likely to be 1682 nucleotides long and the protein 517 amino acids. when the nucleocapsid and glycoprotein genes of virus 903/87 were compared at amino acid level with other rhabdoviruses ...200111597744
heterologous exchanges of the glycoprotein and the matrix protein in a novirhabdovirus.infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) are two salmonid rhabdoviruses replicating at low temperatures (14 to 20 degrees c). both viruses belong to the novirhabdovirus genus, but they are only distantly related and do not cross antigenically. by using a recently developed reverse-genetic system based on ihnv (s. biacchesi et al., j. virol. 74:11247-11253, 2000), we investigated the ability to exchange ihnv glycoprotein g with that of vhsv. thu ...200211861855
determination of the complete genomic sequence and analysis of the gene products of the virus of spring viremia of carp, a fish rhabdovirus.the complete genome of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) was cloned and the sequence of 11019 nucleotides was determined. it contains five open reading frames (orf's) encoding for the nucleoprotein n; phosphoprotein p; matrix protein m; glycoprotein g; and the viral rna dependent rna polymerase l. genes are organised in the order typical for rhabdoviruses: 3'-n-p-m-g-l-5'. the short leader and trailer regions of svcv exhibit inverse complementarity and are similar to the respective 3' and 5' e ...200211900842
isolation of a vesicular virus belonging to the family rhabdoviridae from the aqueous humor of a patient with bilateral corneal endotheliitis.to report bilateral corneal endotheliitis caused by a vesicular virus (family rhabdoviridae).200211917189
two new rhabdoviruses (rhabdoviridae) isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis, northeastern united states.two novel rhabdoviruses were isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis in the northeastern united states. the first, designated farmington virus, is a tentative new member of the vesiculovirus genus. the second, designated rhode island virus, is unclassified antigenically, but its ultrastructure and size are more similar to those of some of the plant rhabdoviruses. both viruses infect birds and mice, as well as monkey kidney cells in culture, but their importance for hum ...200212023919
comparison of the serum neutralization test and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana.a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) for the detection of antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana (vsv-in) was compared with the serum neutralization test (snt) using 1,106 serum samples obtained from dairy cattle on sentinel study farms in the poás region of costa rica. kappa coefficients between the c-elisa and the snt were 0.8871 (95% confidence interval [ci]: 0.8587-0.9155) and 0.6912 (95% ci: 0.6246-0.7577 ...200212033681
matrix protein mutations contribute to inefficient induction of apoptosis leading to persistent infection of human neural cells by vesicular stomatitis virus.in a model system to study factors involved in the establishment of a persistent viral infection that may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, indiana and new jersey variants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) with different capacities to infect and persist in human neural cells were studied. indiana matrix (m) protein mutants and the wild-type new jersey strain persisted in the human neural cell line h4 for at least 120 days. the indiana wild-type virus (hr) and a non-m mutant (tp6), both unabl ...200212033766
emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the united states.vesicular stomatitis (vs) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs. the causal agent is an arbovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of which two distinct serotypes new jersey (nj) and indiana (in) have been described. the clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. vsv is the most important cause of vesicular disease in fmd-free countries in the americas, causing thousands of ou ...200212034487
crystal structure of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein.the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) matrix protein (m) interacts with cellular membranes, self-associates and plays a major role in virus assembly and budding. we present the crystallographic structure, determined at 1.96 a resolution, of a soluble thermolysin resistant core of vsv m. the fold is a new fold shared by the other vesiculovirus matrix proteins. the structure accounts for the loss of stability of m temperature-sensitive mutants deficient in budding, and reveals a flexible loop protr ...200212065402
neutralizing antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses (serotypes new jersey and indiana) in horses in costa rica.serum samples were collected from domestic horses in 4 different regions of costa rica to detect antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses, serotypes new jersey (vsv-nj) and indiana (vsv-in). a total of 214 samples were tested by the virus neutralization test. the sampling regions were identified as low north pacific dry area (1), low middle atlantic humid area (2), low south pacific humid area (3), and the highlands (4). in region 1, 97.1% of horses were positive for vsv-nj and 16.5% were ...200212296402
growth and molecular evolution of vesicular stomatitis serotype new jersey in cells derived from its natural insect-host: evidence for natural adaptation.in this study we evaluated the growth and molecular evolution of a natural isolate of vsv-nj (89gas) from sand flies in cells derived from sand flies (ll5), mosquitoes (c6/36) or hamsters (bhk21). two vsv-nj natural isolates of mammalian origin were used for comparison. for each virus we measured: (i) ability to grow in one-step growth curve or after serial passage on each cell type; (ii) ability to induce persistent infection, and (iii) genetic stability of the glycoprotein gene (g) after seria ...200212367751
use of sentinel herds to study the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis in the state of colorado.approximately 20 sentinel premises in colorado were visited quarterly during a 3-year prospective study to investigate the persistence of vs viruses in horses. a survey to assess management practices, health events, animal movements and environmental data was completed at each visit. collection of serum samples and oral swabs along with a clinical examination of sentinel horses were performed at each visit. serum samples were tested by 2 or more of 4 available serological tests. the data collect ...200212381592
immunolocalization of vesicular stomatitis virus in black flies (simulium vittatum).vesicular stomatitis, a disease of cattle, horses, and swine, is caused by either vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype (vsv-nj), or vesicular stomatitis virus, indiana serotype, which are related viruses in the genus vesiculovirus, family rhabdoviridae. although recognized for at least 160 years, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains undefined. black flies have been suggested as a vector for vsv-nj. in this study we infected three- to four-week-old female black fli ...200212381614
replication and transcription of viral rnas by recombinant l proteins of new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.the large (l) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), catalytic subunit of rna-dependent rna polymerase is responsible for the transcription and replication of vsv. the l protein of the indiana serotype of vsv (vsv(ind)) has previously been cloned and expressed, and used in the reverse genetics of vsv(ind). however, the cdna clones expressing functional l proteins of the vsv(nj) serotype were not available. it was necessary to obtain functional clones of the new jersey serotype of vsv (vsv( ...200212457988
spring viremia of carp (svc).spring viremia of carp (svc) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp cyprinus carpio. the disease is widespread in european carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. designated a notifiable disease by the office international des epizooties, svc is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv). affected fish show destruction of tissues in the kidney, spleen and liver, leading to hemorrhage, loss of water-salt balance and impairment ...200212553453
combinatorial immunoglobulin light chain variability creates sufficient b cell diversity to mount protective antibody responses against pathogen infections.to analyze how combinatorial light (l) chain diversity influences the b cell repertoire, we studied mice with a homozygous immunoglobulin-heavy-chain null mutation (mu mt), in which the b cell developmental block was overridden by the expression of a transgenic immunoglobulin mu heavy (h) chain derived from a vesicular stomatitis virus indiana serotype (vsv-ind)-neutralizing ab (t11 mu mt mice). the randomly integrated transgene could not undergo secondary rearrangements and was expressed in com ...200312672061
effect of mosquito salivary gland treatment on vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus replication and interferon alpha/beta expression in vitro.the sensitivity of vesicular stomatitis (vs) viruses to interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral effects has been well documented. previous studies in our laboratory have shown the ability of mosquito saliva to enhance vesicular stomatitis new jersey (vsnj) virus infection in mice. to investigate the effect of mosquito saliva on virus replication and ifn alpha/beta expression, virus titers were analyzed at various time points after infection in cells that were treated with mosquito salivary gland hom ...200312693849
a 3-year pilot study of sentinel dairy herds for vesicular stomatitis in el salvador.the occurrence of vesicular stomatitis (vs) was investigated in el salvador through monthly visits to 12 sentinel cattle operations located in four different departments. management, environmental, and spatial data were collected. heifers were enrolled on the operations and were examined and bled monthly for 3 years. two competitive elisas were used to detect antibodies on each sample for each serotype of vs virus (vsv). on 8 of the 12 operations, small terrestrial rodents were trapped, blood sa ...200312706058
protective immunity in cattle vaccinated with a commercial scale, inactivated, bivalent vesicular stomatitis vaccine.a commercially prepared oil-adjuvanted, inactivated vaccine containing antigens of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotypes new jersey (nj) and indiana 1 (ind1) was administered to calves to determine its ability to induce protective immunity. weekly serological studies were conducted. the 12 calves in group i were vaccinated once and challenge inoculated with vsv new jersey 28 days later. two calves were fully protected and two were partially protected. the five calves in group ii were vaccin ...200312706679
requirement for cyclophilin a for the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype.several host proteins have been shown to play key roles in the life-cycle of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). we have identified an additional host protein, cyclophilin a (cypa), a chaperone protein possessing peptidyl cis-trans prolyl-isomerase activity, as one of the cellular factors required for vsv replication. inhibition of the enzymatic activity of cellular cypa by cyclosporin a (csa) or sdz-211-811 resulted in a drastic inhibition of gene expression by vsv new jersey (vsv-nj) serotype, w ...200312810862
vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is a determinant of pathogenesis in swine, a natural host.there are two major serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), indiana (vsiv) and new jersey (vsnjv). we recovered recombinant vsivs from engineered cdnas that contained either (i) one copy of the vsiv g gene (vsiv-g(i)); (ii) two copies of the g gene, one from each serotype (vsiv-g(nj)g(i)); or (iii) a single copy of the g(nj) gene instead of the g(i) gene (vsiv-g(nj)). the recombinant viruses expressed the appropriate glycoproteins, incorporated them into virions, and were neutralized by a ...200312829843
identification of spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) by combined rt-pcr and nested pcr.a combination of single-tube reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and nested pcr was used to identify spring viraemia of carp rhabdovirus (svcv) in infected cell cultures and fish tissues. two pairs of specific primers (external and internal) were selected from the glycoprotein gene sequence. a specific product of 470 bp was amplified from rna derived from 34 svcv isolates including the reference strain (fijan), using rt-pcr with the external primers. the subsequent pcr using the internal primers yiel ...200313677509
[deadly encephalitis epidemic in india caused by the chandipura virus]. 200314518434
a single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis indiana 1 and new jersey viruses in insects.a multiplex single-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been developed for the detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsv), indiana 1 and new jersey, from insect samples. using this assay, detection of either or both viruses in as little as 20 fg of total rna from tissue culture was achieved, along with detection of vesicular stomatitis (vs) rna from macerates containing 2 infected mosquitoes in pools of 10-30 noninfected mosquitoes. vesicular ...200314667019
emerging vesiculo-type virus infections of freshwater fishes in europe.rhabdoviruses were isolated from perch perca fluviatilis and largemouth bass micropterus salmoides exhibiting clinical signs of disease. preliminary studies indicated that these viruses could be neutralised by antisera to perch rhabdovirus (dorson et al. 1984) and may be similar to those previously isolated from grayling thymallus thymallus and pike-perch stizostedion stizostedion. the relationship between these viruses and the previously characterised fish rhabdoviruses, pike fry rhabdovirus (p ...200314960032
biological transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) by simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae) to domestic swine (sus scrofa).the role of hematophagous arthropods in vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype; vsv-nj) transmission during epizootics has remained unclear for decades in part because it has never been shown that clinical or subclinical disease in a livestock host results from the bite of an infected insect. in this study, we investigated the ability of vsv-nj-infected black flies (simulium vittatum zetterstedt) to transmit the virus to domestic swine, sus scrofa l. experimental evidence presented here ...200414989350
p-protein of chandipura virus is an n-protein-specific chaperone that acts at the nucleation stage.the nucleocapsid protein n of chandipura virus is prone to aggregation in vitro. we have shown that this aggregation occurs in two phases in a nucleation-dependent manner. electron microscopy suggests that the aggregated state may have a ring-like structure. using a gfp fusion, we have shown that the n-protein also aggregates in vivo. the p-protein suppresses the n-protein aggregation efficiently, both in vitro and in vivo. increased lag phase in the presence of the p-protein suggests that chape ...200415005621
prediction and identification of a permissive epitope insertion site in the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.we developed a rational approach to identify a site in the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g) that is exposed on the protein surface and tolerant of foreign epitope insertion. the foreign epitope inserted was the six-amino-acid sequence eldkwa, a sequence in a neutralizing epitope from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. this sequence was inserted into six sites within the vsv g protein (indiana serotype). four sites were selected based on hydrophilicity and high sequence variabi ...200415113889
vesicular stomatitis virus: re-inventing the bullet.as our understanding of the molecular aspects of human disease increases, it is becoming possible to create designer therapeutics that are exquisitely targeted and have greater efficacy and fewer side effects. one class of targeted biological agents that has benefited from recent advances in molecular biology is designer viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is normally relatively innocuous but can be engineered to target cancer cells or to stimulate immunity against diseases such as aids or ...200415121047
characterization of oita virus 296/1972 of rhabdoviridae isolated from a horseshoe bat bearing characteristics of both lyssavirus and vesiculovirus.oita virus 296/1972 was isolated from the blood of a wild horseshoe bat, rhinolophus cornutus (temminck) in 1972. we investigated the pathogenicity of this virus in mice in relation to its histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and the entire sequence of nucleoprotein gene. this virus caused lethal encephalitis in mice through intracerebral route. this susceptibility of mice was until 3 weeks of age. immunohistochemical analysis using the convalescent sera obtained ...200415168201
monomer and dimer of chandipura virus unphosphorylated p-protein binds leader rna differently: implications for viral rna synthesis.interaction of the leader rna with the unphosphorylated p-protein has been proposed to play a key role in the transcription-replication transition of chandipura virus, a model rhabdovirus. electrophoretic mobility shift assay with the leader rna and the unphosphorylated p-protein demonstrated existence of two distinct complexes in vitro. measurements of stoichiometry indicate the protein monomer/rna ratio to be 1:1 and 2:1 for faster and slower migrating bands, respectively. we have also observe ...200415178250
virus induced chromosomal abnormalities in chinese hamster lung cell line and human peripheral blood leukocyte culture.chinese hamster lung (chl) cells were susceptible to herpes simplex type-1 and chandipura viruses; which induced chromosomal abnormalities in these cells. chromosomal changes induced in these cells were specific. the cells were refractory to measles virus and chromosomal abnormalities were not detected after inoculation of the virus. on the other hand human peripheral blood (hpb) leukocytes were susceptible to all the 3 viruses studied and exhibited chromosomal abnormalities upon infection. the ...200315255601
chandipura virus: an emerging human pathogen? 200415351172
a large outbreak of acute encephalitis with high fatality rate in children in andhra pradesh, india, in 2003, associated with chandipura virus.an outbreak of acute encephalitis of unknown origin with high case fatality (183 of 329 cases) was reported in children from andhra pradesh state in southern india during 2003. we investigated the causative agent.200415351194
recombinant vesicular stomatitis (indiana) virus expressing new jersey and indiana glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies to each serotype in swine, a natural host.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is the most common cause of vesicular disease outbreaks in livestock throughout the western hemisphere. two major serotypes, indiana and new jersey, cause epidemic disease in pigs, cattle, and horses. we generated recombinant viruses derived from the indiana serotype genome that were engineered to contain and express: (1) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the indiana serotype (vsiv-gi); (2) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the new jersey sero ...200415364454
conditional expression of type i interferon-induced bovine mx1 gtpase in a stable transgenic vero cell line interferes with replication of vesicular stomatitis virus.in some vertebrate species, type i interferon(ifn)-induced mx gene expression has been shown to confer resistance to some single-stranded rna (ssrna) viruses in vitro. because the bovine species is subject to an exceptionally wide array of infections caused by such viruses, it is anticipated that an antiviral allele should have been retained by evolution at the bovine mx locus. the identification of such allele may help in evaluating the real significance of the mx genotype for disease resistanc ...200415450127
effect of strain and serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on viral shedding, vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs.to determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana (vsv-i) isolated during recent vesicular stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western united states and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact.200415478770
chandipura virus, encephalitis, and epidemic brain attack in india. 200415610795
complete genome sequences of chandipura and isfahan vesiculoviruses.chandipura virus (chpv) and isfahan virus (isfv) are two members of the genus vesiculovirus from asia. both are arthropod-transmitted and are able to infect humans, but neither causes vesicular stomatitis in livestock. the complete genome sequence for each virus has been determined. the negative-sense rna genome comprises 11,119 nt (chpv) or 11,088 nt (isfv). the most variable of the non-transcribed regions is the intergenic spacer at the g-l gene junction (4 bases in isfv, 20 in chpv). phylogen ...200415614433
quantitative multiplex assay for simultaneous detection and identification of indiana and new jersey serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus.in order to establish a rapid and reliable system for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), we developed a quantitative reverse transcription-pcr assay for the detection, quantification, and differentiation of the major serotypes, vsv indiana and vsv new jersey, using a closed-tube multiplex format. the detection system is based on the recently invented primer-probe energy transfer (priproet) system. a region of the gene encoding the rna-dependent rna polymerase was amplified by usi ...200515634994
black fly involvement in the epidemic transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus).the transmission routes of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv), a causative agent of vesicular stomatitis, an office international des epizooties list-a disease, are not completely understood. epidemiological and entomological studies conducted during the sporadic epidemics in the western united states have identified potential virus transmission routes involving insect vectors and animal-to-animal contact. in the present study we experimentally tested the previously proposed transmiss ...200415671739
g, n, and p gene-based analysis of chandipura viruses, india.an encephalitis outbreak in 2003 in children from india was attributed to chandipura virus. sequence analyses of g, n, and p genes showed 95.6%-97.6% nucleotide identity with the 1965 isolate (g gene, 7-11 amino acid changes); n and p genes were highly conserved.200515705335
biological differences between vesicular stomatitis virus indiana and new jersey serotype glycoproteins: identification of amino acid residues modulating ph-dependent infectivity.we previously generated recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsv) based on the indiana serotype genome which contained either the homologous glycoprotein gene from the indiana serotype (vsiv-gi) or the heterologous glycoprotein gene from the new jersey serotype (vsiv-gnj). the virus expressing the gnj gene was more pathogenic than the parental vsiv-gi virus in swine, a natural host (26). for the present study, we investigated the biological differences between the gi and gnj proteins that m ...200515731252
characterization of the tupaia rhabdovirus genome reveals a long open reading frame overlapping with p and a novel gene encoding a small hydrophobic protein.rhabdoviruses are negative-stranded rna viruses of the order mononegavirales and have been isolated from vertebrates, insects, and plants. members of the genus lyssavirus cause the invariably fatal disease rabies, and a member of the genus vesiculovirus, chandipura virus, has recently been associated with acute encephalitis in children. we present here the complete genome sequence and transcription map of a rhabdovirus isolated from cultivated cells of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue from a mori ...200515890917
incidence of neutralizing antibodies to chandipura virus in domestic animals from karimnagar and warangal districts of andhra pradesh, india.in order to determine the possible role of domestic animals in the outbreak of acute encephalitis associated with chandipura virus (cpv) among children in andhra pradesh in 2003, a serological survey of domestic animals was carried out during the epidemic in july 2003. out of 180 animal sera from highly affected areas of the karimnagar and warangal districts of andhra pradesh 33 (18.3%) had virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to cpv. the positive animals consisted of pigs (30.6%), buffalos (17.9% ...200515929402
detection of chandipura virus from sand flies in the genus sergentomyia (diptera: phlebotomidae) at karimnagar district, andhra pradesh, india.a total of 191 adult sand flies belonging to the genus sergentomyia were collected from seven villages in karimnagar and warangal districts of andhra pradesh state, india, after an outbreak of encephalitis due to chandipura virus (chpv). fifteen pools, each containing two specimens, were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. one pool of sergentomyia from kolanur village in karimnagar district was positive for chpv.200515962804
genetic comparison of the rhabdoviruses from animals and plants.there are more than 160 viral species in the rhabdovidae family, most of which can be grouped into one of the six genera including vesiculovirus, lyssavirus, ephemerovirus, novirhabdovirus, cytorhabdovirus, and nucleorhabdovirus. these viruses are not only morphologically similar but also genetically related. analysis of viral genes shows that rhabdoviruses are more closely related to each other than to viruses in other families. with the development of reverse genetics, the functions of many ci ...200515981465
fish rhabdoviruses: molecular epidemiology and evolution.rhabdoviruses may cause serious diseases in wild and farmed fish. within the rhabdoviridae six genera have been established: ephemerovirus, cytorhabdovirus, nucleorhabdovirus, lyssavirus, vesiculovirus, and novirhabdovirus. viruses that infect fish are official or tentative members of the genera vesiculovirus and novirhabdovirus, or are listed as unassigned rhabdoviruses. in this report, we summarize and discuss published and our own unpublished data on the molecular epidemiology and phylogeogra ...200515981469
utilization of homotypic and heterotypic proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus by defective interfering particle genomes for rna replication and virion assembly: implications for the mechanism of homologous viral interference.defective interfering (di) particles of indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv(ind)) are capable of interfering with the replication of both homotypic vsv(ind) and heterotypic new jersey serotype (vsv(nj)) standard virus. in contrast, di particles from vsv(nj) do not interfere with the replication of vsv(ind) standard virus but do interfere with vsv(nj) replication. the differences in the interfering activities of vsv(ind) di particles and vsv(nj) di particles against heterotypic st ...200516014921
diagnosis of brazilian vesiculoviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.we describe a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and a nested-pcr for diagnosis of piry, carajás, cocal, and alagoas vesiculoviruses from brazil. the rna extracts of viral and clinical samples were submitted to a rt-pcr using vesiculovirus g primers that amplify part of the glycoprotein gene. the rt-pcr produced amplicons of expected size, 290 base pair, for the four studied viruses. the rt-pcr showed a high sensitivity being 151.3 times (2.18 log) more sensitive for the de ...200516021308
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