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analysis of disulfides present in the membrane proteins of the west nile flavivirus.recently the primary structure of the structural proteins of the flaviviruses west nile (wn) virus (castle et al., 1985; wengler et al., 1985) and yellow fever (yf) virus (rice et al., 1985) have been determined. as a first step in a further characterization of the organization of the structural proteins we have now studied the disulfide bridges present in the wn virus membrane proteins. all three membrane proteins, pre m, m, and e, were analyzed. the results obtained can be summarized as follow ...19873811228
nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal untranslated part of the genome of the flavivirus west nile virus.we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal untranslated region of the 42 s genome rna of the flavivirus west nile virus by primer extension. these analyses make our primary structure determination of this genome, which comprises a total number of 10,960 nucleotides, complete. some implications of our data concerning the structure of flavivirus-specific nucleic acids and the initiation of translation of wn virus-specific rna are discussed.19873813889
absorption of igg with staphylococcus aureus in a diagnostic test for igm antibodies to japanese encephalitis, west nile & dengue viruses. 19863817923
sequence analysis of the membrane protein v3 of the flavivirus west nile virus and of its gene.flaviviruses contain a large membrane-associated protein v3, having a mol mass of about 50 kda which is responsible for hemagglutination. we have isolated the v3 protein from the west nile (wn) flavivirus and determined its amino-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid sequences of fragments derived from this protein. we have also transcribed parts of the wn virus genome rna into cdna and cloned and sequenced this cdna. the results of these analyses have allowed us to identify the region of ...19853855247
simple detection of antibodies to different viruses using rheumatoid factor and enzyme-labelled antigen (ela).a new one-step method was developed to detect igg antibodies to different virus antigens. human serum specimens were mixed with different enzyme-labelled antigen (ela) preparations in microtitre plates coated with rheumatoid factor (rf). during the incubation in the wells of microtitre plates immune complexes form which are specifically bound to the rf on the solid phase. the test detects antibody to cytomegalovirus (cmv) and west-nile virus with a high sensitivity and specificity.19853884644
ph-dependent fusion between the flavivirus west nile and liposomal model membranes.fusion between purified [3h]uridine-labelled west nile virus (wnv) particles and liposomes containing rnase, was assayed by degradation of the viral rna to trichloroacetic acid-soluble material. fusion of virus with liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol (at a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1.5) was found to be dependent on ph with maximum fusion occurring at ph 6.7 and below. at ph 6.6 fusion was rapid and was essentially complete within 2 min at ...19863944582
interaction of west nile virus with primary murine macrophages: role of cell activation and receptors for antibody and complement.we have measured growth of west nile virus in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (resident, thioglycolate elicited, and mycobacterium bovis bcg activated) and in macrophagelike (p338d1) and nonmacrophage (l929, ps clone d) cell lines infected in the absence or presence of specific antibodies (immunoglobulin g ([igg], igm), and complement. monoclonal antibodies directed against fc receptors (igg1/2b, 2.4g2) and type 3 complement receptors (mac-1) were used to define the role of each receptor. v ...19863951020
prevalence of hepatitis virus and some arbovirus infections in kavango, northern swa/namibia.a survey of the frequency of hepatitis b markers in 258 subjects from kavango, northern south west africa/namibia, was undertaken during february - may 1983. the hepatitis b surface antigen and hepatitis b e antigen carrier rates were 13,6% and 2,7% respectively. only 1,9% of the subjects were negative for all the markers tested, indicating that infection had been present at some stage in 98,1% of the sample. no known transmission method of the virus seems to fit this high exposure rate. the pos ...19853983734
flavivirus infection enhancement in macrophages: an electron microscopic study of viral cellular entry.the mode of entry of west nile virus (wnv) into the macrophage-like cell line p388d1 was investigated at the electron microscopical level using synchronized infections. the presence of the antiviral monoclonal antibody f6/16a at a concentration that enhanced viral attachment to p388d1 cells ninefold made no difference to the entry pathway of wnv. in both the absence and presence of f6/16a the initial uptake of single viral particles was mediated by coated pits, and started within 30 s of warming ...19854031825
rdb--a new product of plant origin for cell culture dispersion.rdb is a crude preparation extracted from a plant source. it is a very potent agent for dispersion of monolayer cell cultures as well as for the preparation of primary cell suspensions. it was found to be most effective in dispersing a wide range of animal and mosquito cells and dissociating neuronal and muscular tissue for primary cell cultures. rdb was also found to be useful for preparation of primary culture for chick embryo fibroblasts. after treatment with rdb cell viability was found to b ...19854043538
determination of human igg and igm class antibodies to west nile virus by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and used for the detection of igg and igm antibodies to west nile virus in human sera. thirteen paired sera of clinical cases and 24 control sera taken randomly from a blood bank repository were tested. the sera were reacted in microtiter plates coated with peg-treated wnv antigen. igg or igm antibodies were quantitated by the use of alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated anti-human igg or igm antibodies. of the 24 randomly collected serum samp ...19854045436
soluble antigen of west nile virus. 19734131289
group b arbovirus structural and nonstructural antigens. 3. serological specificity of solubilized intracellular viral proteins.solubilized nonstructural antigen iii from saint louis encephalitis (sle)-japanese b encephalitis (jbe)-west nile (wn) and dengue-2 arbovirus-infected pig kidney cells was purified by employing brij-58 solubilization, organic solvent extraction, and column chromatography. diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column peak c eluate contained only intracellular viral envelope protein designated antigen i. antigen i of sle virus absorbed homologous neutralizing antibody; however, the intracellular nonstructur ...19734131773
[study of west nile virus antigens]. 19744141181
a complex natural focus of arboviruses on glinyanyi island, baku archipelago, azerbaidzhan s.s.r. 19734144280
[antibodies against arboviruses in starlings (sturnus vulgaris l.) in austria]. 19724145101
arboviruses in hungary. 19734145388
studies on antigenic peculiarities of west nile virus strains isolated in the u.s.s.r. by three serological tests. 19734148215
[isolation of a west-nile virus in the extreme south of the algerian sahara (djanet)]. 19704148584
[studies on the activity and ecology of arboviruses in turkey (author's transl)]. 19734148897
influence of incubation temperaure on interferon mechanism in cells of testudo graeca kidney. 19734148898
[survey with human sera from west cameroon (author's transl)]. 19734150072
field studies on the feeding habits of mosquitoes in the highveld region of south africa. 19734151015
rats, flies and mosquitos of lebanon: pests, reservoirs and vectors of disease. 19744155006
haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to arboviruses in a human population in greece. 19744155197
neurological and eeg follow-up in encephalitis due to west nile fever. 19674166756
[use of ultrasound for increasing the activity of arbovirus antigens in serological reactions in vitro]. 19734203622
[study of chronic forms of arbovirus infections in birds. 1. experiments with west nile, sindbis, bhandja and sicilian mosquito fever viruses]. 19734204261
isolation of viruses from wild mammals in west africa, 1966-1970. 19744210769
[role of birds in importing and preserving arboviruses (a review of the literature)]. 19744213786
[participation of birds in the water-nearwater complex of southeastern azerbaijan in the circulation of the west nile virus]. 19714255070
[detection of antibodies to a series of arboviruses of groups a, b and bunyamwera on the territory of the georgian ssr]. 19724260426
the blocking effect of west nile virus on production of sarcoma by rous virus in chickens. 19654285070
"cyclopin". 19654285588
further observations on geographic variation in the antigenic character of west nile and japanese b viruses. 19664286367
fate of intravenously administered interferon and the distribution of interferon during virus infections in mice. 19664287567
antiviral substances in plants of the mint family (labiatae). 3. peppermint (mentha piperita) and other mint plants. 19674290278
[comparison with chromatography on deae-sephadex of hemagglutinins of japanese b encephalitis virus (nakayama strain) and of a neighboring strain isolated in vietnam]. 19674294563
[research on the presence of antibodies against viruses of the groups a, b, and d (bunyamwera) in inhibitants of the oltenia region]. 19674298143
greater specificity of 19s than 7s antibodies on haemagglutination-inhibition tests with closely related group b arboviruses. 19684299015
intrinsic interference: a unique interference system used in assaying non-cytopathic viruses. 19674301198
behaviour of infectious rna from four different viruses in continuously subcultured aedes aegypti mosquito embryo cells. 19694302398
enhancement of responses to chemical carcinogens by nononcogenic viruses and antimetabolites. 19694305961
markers differentiating type 3 parainfluenza virus grown at 25 and 37 c.serial passage of the 64-2389 strain of type 3 parainfluenza virus in cercopithecus monkey kidney tissue cultures at low temperatures resulted in the selection of a variant which had a higher efficiency of plaque formation at 25 c than the parent line grown at 37 c. the cold variant, unlike the parent strain, plaqued readily at 25 c, and at 37 c it produced significantly larger plaques. virus titers of the cold variant in hamster lungs were significantly lower and this was probably caused by the ...19694306261
establishment, steady state and cure of a chronic infection of llc cells with west nile virus. 19684306836
[study of the mechanism of loss of sensitivity to the protective action of exogenous interferon in cells infected by murine sarcoma virus]. 19694308008
[diagnostic procedures in exanthematous diseases, with special reference to some viral exanthemas]. 19694312355
age-related cellular resistance of the chicken embryo to viral infections. ii. inducible resistance produced by influenza virus and escherichia coli. 19704316148
serological survey on viral antibodies in iran. 19704317129
intrinsic interference: a new type of viral interference.the hemadsorption-negative plaque test has revealed a new type of viral interference, termed intrinsic interference. several unrelated types of noncytopathic viruses were shown to induce in infected host cells a state of interference unique in being directed solely against superinfection by newcastle disease virus (ndv). the ndv-refractory state arises only in those individual cells of a population actually infected by the inducing virus, and presumably results from the action of a protein(s) co ...19674318951
inhibitors of haemaggregation in biological fluids. 19714325830
interferon and cell division. v. titration of the anticellular action of interferon preparations. 19714333094
yellow fever vaccine. iv. reactogenicity and antibody response in volunteers inoculated with a vaccine free from contaminating avian leukosis viruses. 19724333781
yellow fever vaccine. 3. antibody response in monkeys inoculated with a vaccine free from contaminating avian leukosis viruses. 19724337545
persistence of tanapox in tana river valley.sera collected from inhabitants of the tana river valley in 1971 were examined for antibody to tanapox virus. neutralizing antibody was present in 16.3%. the levels of antibody and its presence in two children under the age of 10 years indicated that infection had been occurring in the area since the reported outbreak in 1962. a comparison of the incidence and distribution of antibodies in the same sera to west nile virus revealed marked similarities suggesting that tanapox, like west nile virus ...19734349335
serological survey for antibodies to arboviruses in the human population of portugal. 19744371206
cyclophosphamide-potentiated west nile viral encephalitis: relative influence of cellular and humoral factors. 19744372273
the effect of escherichia coli endotoxin on virus infectivity. 19674382474
study on a serum inhibitor to west nile virus. 19684384412
the growth of arboviruses in mosquito cells in vitro. 19684385155
[epidemiology of the west nile virus: study of an outbreak in camargue. ii. outline of the physical, biological and human environment]. 19684386310
observations on dengue fever, benign protector and killer: a dr. jekyll and mr. hyde. 19694388466
arbovirus haemagglutinin: inactivation by high pressures. 19694389037
ricefield development and arbovirus epidemiology, kano plain, kenya. 19704394987
the use of rivanol for removal of nonspecific inhibitors of arbovirus haemagglutination. 19704394993
arboviruses and central nervous system disorders in egypt. 19704394994
on the japanese b--west nile virus complex or an arbovirus problem of six continents. 19714396497
physico-chemical and antigenic properties of some nonspecific inhibitory substances of arbovirus haemagglutination. 19714397348
antibodies to arboviruses in birds in czechoslovakia. 19714398090
immunological surveys of arbovirus infections in south-east asia, with special reference to dengue, chikungunya, and kyasanur forest disease.serological surveys have been widely used in south-east asia to determine the presence and activity of arboviruses. the haemagglutination-inhibition test has been most frequently employed but complement-fixation and neutralization tests have also been used in some investigations.although virus isolations provide the most conclusive evidence, they can be carried out in a few specialized centres only, and serological surveys are very important for studying the distribution of arboviruses.the surve ...19714400821
[a study of the ecology of mosquito-borne arboviruses using sentinel animals in the volga delta]. 19714400989
isolation in portugal of west nile virus from anopheles maculipennis mosquitoes. 19724403183
[detection of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to arboviruses in sera of young individuals in the federal republic of germany and in the republic of togo (west africa)]. 19714403535
arbovirus activity in israel. 19724404595
interferon production in arbovirus-infected cell cultures of tortoise (testudo graeca) kidney. 19734405393
laboratory studies on the transmission of west nile virus by culex (culex) univittatus theobald; factors influencing the transmission rate. 19744423657
acute pancreatitis in west nile fever. 19744429184
[results of a study of west nile fever in the south of the european part of the ussr]. 19744454878
cell lines from larvae of aedes (stegomyia) malayensis colless and aedes (s) pseudoscutellaris (theobald) and their infection with some arboviruses. 19744458148
the mechanism of cross-protection afforded by dengue virus against west nile virus in hamsters.the protection afforded by similar concentrations of different dengue virus serotypes against a subsequent challenge of west nile virus was studied in hamsters. the new guinea c strain of dengue 2 virus gave the best protection. it was found that the anamnestic neutralizing antibody response induced by the challenge west nile virus against west nile virus in hamsters, previously immunized with dengue 2 virus, might play a major role in the cross-protection observed in this system.19724509639
general discussion on the papers of session i. developments with hepatitis. 19724573940
genetically determined resistance to infection with group b arboviruses. ii. increased production of interfering particles in cell cultures from resistant mice. 19744593241
effects of interferon on antibody synthesis in vitro. 19744602660
viral isolates from livestock in northern nigeria: 1966-1970. 19734634068
[classification and identification of arboviruses]. 19724642703
the inhibition of lipid-containing viruses by an antilipemic agent. 19724660536
[serological research on detection of human infections with some group b arboviruses]. 19724669947
[change in antibody properties in the course of the immune response in rabbits to west nile virus inoculation. characteristics of the homo- and heterologous activity of immunoglobulins in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction]. 19724678190
studies of interferon production in aedes albopictus mosquito cells. 19734683227
aedes novalbopictus: establishment and characterization of larval cell lines. 19734691922
[west nile fever with meningeal involvement]. 19734771807
serum antibodies to b group arboviruses in apparently healthy persons of several districts in romania. 19734775621
serologic examination of some domestic animals from south moravia on the presence of antibodies to selected arboviruses of the a, b, california and bunyamwera groups. 19734777760
large scale irrigation and arbovirus epidemiology, kano plain, kenya. ii. preliminary serological survey. 19734779116
a serological survey on arbovirus antibodies in the sudan. 19734784057
[simple method for concentrating cultured antigens of the japanese encephalitis virus]. 19734786170
genetically determined resistance to infection with group b arboviruses. i. distribution of the resistance gene among various mouse populations and characteristics of gene expression in vivo. 19744816304
pathogenesis of west nile virus encepahlitis in mice and rats. ii. virus multiplication, evolution of immunofluorescence, and development of histological lesions in the brain. 19674866286
growth of arboviruses in primary tissue culture of aedes aegypti embryos. 19684869110
survey for antibodies to arboviruses in the serum of various animals in israel during 1965-1966. 19694889830
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