Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| allozyme variability in the italian wolf (canis lupus) population. | multilocus protein electrophoresis was used to estimate genetic variability in a sample of 38 italian wolves (canis lupus). percentage of polymorphic loci was p = 10.0 per cent (four polymorphic loci out of 40 examined), and average observed heterozygosity was ho = 0.028. genotypes were in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. electrophoretic analysis does not indicate a significant reduction of genetic variability at nuclear gene loci following at least one century of isolation from other european popula ... | 1993 | 8276634 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1992. | in 1992, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention. almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. t ... | 1993 | 8307825 |
| molecular evolution of the dog family. | molecular genetic tools have been used to dissect the evolutionary relationships of the dog-like carnivores, revealing their place in the order carnivora, the relationships of species within the family canidae, and the genetic exchange that occurs among conspecific populations. high rates of gene flow among populations within some species, such as the coyote and gray wolf, have suppressed genetic divergence, and where these species hybridize, large hybrid zones have been formed. in fact, the phe ... | 1993 | 8337763 |
| evaluation of fox-chasing enclosures as sites of potential introduction and establishment of echinococcus multilocularis. | following detection of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) illegally imported into south carolina (usa) for release in fox-chasing enclosures, a survey for e. multilocularis was conducted in four enclosures in georgia (usa) and six enclosures in south carolina. survey methods included examination of potential small mammal intermediate hosts (n = 390) for e. multilocularis larvae, examination of fox and coyote (canis latrans) scats (n = 59) for taeniid eggs, and examination o ... | 1993 | 8355358 |
| echinococcus multilocularis identified in indiana, ohio, and east-central illinois. | echinococcus multilocularis was identified in a coyote in indiana in january 1990. subsequently, 300 wild canids (red foxes, gray foxes, coyotes) were collected from indiana, ohio, illinois, michigan, and kentucky and examined for this parasite. of these, 41 (13.7%) were infected with e. multilocularis. infected animals were from northern and central indiana, northwestern ohio, and east-central illinois. twenty-nine of 162 (17.9%) animals from northern and central indiana were positive, versus 0 ... | 1993 | 8459347 |
| biochemical, biological, and genetic characterization of a sylvatic isolate of trichinella. | biological, biochemical, and genetic relationships of trichinella isolates were assessed and compared from 3 species of illinois fur-bearing mammals. tongue muscle collected from 1987 through 1989 from 323 raccoons (procyon lotor), 9 red fox (vulpes fulva), and 1 coyote (canis latrans) were digested and trichinella muscle larval prevalences and mean intensities (larvae/g) determined. the prevalence and mean intensity of tongue muscle-stage larvae were 2.8% and 44.4% and 326 and 2 larvae/g for ra ... | 1993 | 8501590 |
| persistence of a recurrent group of intestinal helminth species in a coyote population from southern texas. | the persistence and interrelationships of a recurrent group of intestinal helminth species in a coyote population from southern texas were determined; data were collected at 4-yr intervals (1979, 1983, and 1987). the a priori expectation was that a defined recurrent group of helminth species persisted over time and that the respective helminth species were stable in terms of their abundances. the fager index and subsequent recurrent group analysis indicated a small group of taxonomically unrelat ... | 1993 | 8501593 |
| identification of opossums (didelphis virginiana) as the putative definitive host of sarcocystis neurona. | sarcocystis neurona is an apicomplexan that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) in north and south america. horses appear to be an aberrant host, because the merozoites continually divide in the central nervous system, without encysting. the natural host species has not previously been identified. the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurna) gene of s. neurona was compared to those of sarcocystis muris, sarcocystis cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, and cryptosporidium parvum to identify a unique ... | 1995 | 8544064 |
| rapid quantitative determination of cyanide in biological fluids from coyotes killed with a coyote getter. | a number of methods for the determination of cyanide in biological fluids have been published. many are not really rapid or else rely on elaborate specialized equipment. the method reported here is rapid, uses only inexpensive disposable, and produces a quantitative result within 1 minute on as little as a few drops of blood. cyanide concentrations found by this method in the blood of coyotes killed by sodium cyanide blasted into the mouth with a snub-nosed gun concealed in bait are given and di ... | 1995 | 8588302 |
| characterization of a unique variant of bat rabies virus responsible for newly emerging human cases in north america. | the silver-haired bat variant of rabies virus (shbrv) has been identified as the etiological agent of a number of recent human rabies cases in the united states that are unusual in not having been associated with any known history of conventional exposure. comparison of the different biological and biochemical properties of isolates of this virus with those of a coyote street rabies virus (cosrv) revealed that there are unique features associated with shbrv. in vitro studies showed that, while t ... | 1996 | 8643632 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in coyotes (canis latrans) and experimental infections of coyotes with neospora caninum. | antibodies to neospora caninum were detected in 5 (10%) of 52 coyotes from texas. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were detected in 32 (62%) of 52 samples from these same coyotes. four (80%) of the 5 coyotes that were seropositive for n. caninum also had antibodies to t. gondii. nineteen (37%) of the coyotes did not have antibodies to either parasite. three coyote pups were inoculated with the brains from mice infected with 3 strains of n. caninum originally isolated from dogs. none of the pups d ... | 1996 | 8691381 |
| winter poisoning of coyotes and raptors with furadan-laced carcass baits. | three bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus), a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis), and two coyotes (canis latrans) found in a field in north-central kansas (usa) in december 1992 were poisoned by flowable carbofuran (furadan 4f) placed on sheep (ovis aries) carcasses to kill coyotes. the carbofuran was placed on the carcasses in october 1992, but the coyotes and raptors apparently were killed in late december. thus, flowable furadan can cause direct and secondary deaths of wildlife under some ... | 1996 | 8722286 |
| two new oral chemical biomarkers for coyotes. | pentachlorobenzene (pecb) and 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (tecb) were evaluated as oral chemical biomarkers when administered to coyotes (canis latrans) during the period of 31 january to 10 august 1994. three coyotes each received 100 mg of pecb and three received 100 mg of tecb, each in a mineral oil formulation. three additional coyotes received only the mineral oil carrier. muscle and adipose tissues, blood serum, and fecal samples were evaluated by capillary gas chromatography with electron ... | 1996 | 8827677 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1995. | in 1995, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the northeast, where rabies is now e ... | 1996 | 8960176 |
| nuclear magnetism logging at the coyote institute. | 1996 | 8970087 | |
| serologic survey of trichinellosis in wild mammals kept in a mexico city zoo. | a serologic survey of trichinella infection was carried out to determine the prevalence of this parasitosis among wild mammals kept in captivity at the chapultepec zoo. this was prompted by the necropsy finding of a heavy trichinella infection in a canadian polar bear (ursus maritimus) that had been kept at the zoo for more than 11 years. the parasites recovered were identified as t. nativa (t2). a serologic study based on elisa and western blot analysis was performed in serum samples from two p ... | 1996 | 9017871 |
| field use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in europe and north america. | during recent years, most research on the control of sylvatic rabies has concentrated on developing methods of oral vaccination of wild rabies vectors. to improve both the safety and the stability of the vaccine used, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunising glycoprotein of rabies virus (vrg), has been developed and tested extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. from 1989 to 1995, approximately 8.5 million vrg vaccine doses were dispersed in western europe to v ... | 1996 | 9025144 |
| serological survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in yellowstone national park, wyoming. | from october 1989 to june 1993, we captured and sampled 110 coyotes (canis latrans) for various diseases in yellowstone national park, wyoming (usa). prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv) was 100% for adults (> 24 months old), 100% for yearlings (12 to 24 months old), and 100% for old pups (4 to 12 months old); 0% of the young pups (< 3 months old) had antibodies against cpv. presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) was associated with the age of the coyote, ... | 1997 | 9027690 |
| the influence of surface atmospheric conditions on the range and area reached by animal vocalizations. | low-level vertical changes in temperature and wind exert powerful and predictable influences on the area ensonified by animal vocalizations. computer modelling of low-frequency sound propagation in measured atmospheric conditions predicts that the calls of the savanna elephant at these frequencies can have ranges exceeding 10 km and that the calls will be highly directional in the presence of wind shear. calling area is maximized under temperature inversions with low wind speeds. calling area ch ... | 1997 | 9057305 |
| a case of spondylosis deformans in the defleshed skeleton of a wild coyote and its significance to osteopathologic interpretation. | the skeleton of a wild coyote (canis latrans), collected in alturas, california (usa), in 1940 and reported to have died of a blowfly infection, was analyzed. the axial components, primarily a series of fused and deformed vertebrae, had classic osteological indications of spondylosis deformans, a trauma-induced disorder. severe crippling due to a crushing-type strain was identified as the primary pathological condition to which the coyote succumbed, with death hastened by vertebral degeneration ... | 1997 | 9131550 |
| the phylogeographic pattern of mitochondrial dna variation in the dall's porpoise phocoenoides dalli. | we used 11 restriction endonucleases to study mtdna variation in 101 dall's porpoises phocoenoides dalli from the bering sea and western north pacific. there was little phylogeographic patterning among the 34 mtdna haplotypes identified in this analysis, suggesting a strong historical connection among populations across this region. nonetheless, mtdna variation does not appear to be randomly distributed in this species. both gst and amova uncovered significant differences in the distribution of ... | 1996 | 9147695 |
| a noninvasive method for distinguishing among canid species: amplification and enzyme restriction of dna from dung. | endangered san joaquin kit foxes vulpes macrotis mutica can be sympatrically distributed with as many as four other canids: red fox, gray fox, coyote and domestic dog. canid scats are often found during routine fieldwork, but cannot be reliably identified to species. to detect and study the endangered kit fox, we developed mitochondrial dna markers that can be amplified from small amounts of dna extracted from scats. we amplified a 412-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene from scat ... | 1997 | 9161016 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mycobacterium bovis isolates from captive and free-ranging animals. | mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. dna extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases alui and pvuii. dna probes used for southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base-pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence is6110 and a plasmid, ptbn12, which contains a polymorphic gc-rich repetitive sequence present in s ... | 1997 | 9376427 |
| pseudorabies in captive coyotes. | pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) was diagnosed in three adult captive coyotes (canis latrans) from southern indiana (usa). the coyotes died in their outdoor enclosure within a 48 hr period. histopathology revealed multifocal, nonsuppurative meningioencephalitis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within neurons. samples of brain were positive for pseudorabies virus by fluorescent antibody testing and virus isolation. source of infection was the probable consumption of pseudorabies vi ... | 1997 | 9391985 |
| scent-marking by coyotes, canis latrans: the influence of social and ecological factors | we observed 49 coyotes, canis latransfrom five resident packs for 2456 h and five transient coyotes for 51 h from january 1991 to june 1993 in the lamar river valley, yellowstone national park, wyoming, u.s.a. during these observations we recorded 3042 urinations, 451 defecations, 446 ground scratches and 743 double-marks. the rate of scent-marking (via urination) was influenced by the social organization (resident versus transient) to which the coyote belonged, the social class (alpha, beta or ... | 1997 | 9398369 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in texas. | texas is in the midst of two independent epizootics of rabies, involving coyotes (canis latrans) and domestic dogs (canis familiaris) in southern texas and grey foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) in west central texas. the domestic dog/coyote (ddc) and grey for (tf) rabies virus variants cannot be differentiated by antigenic typing with currently available monoclonal antibodies. these two variants also cannot be distinguished from a third variant, sonora dog (sd) rabies, that is not enzootic in te ... | 1997 | 9406651 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1996. | in 1996, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,124 cases of rabies in non-human animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (6,550 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (574 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 9.6% from that of 1995 (7,881 cases). although much of the decline was the result of fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons, fewer cases were also reported among most g ... | 1997 | 9412679 |
| responses of captive and free-ranging coyotes to simulated oral rabies vaccine baits. | the objective of this study was to develop a bait for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in southern texas. captive trials were conducted from january to april, 1994, to determine bait preferences and behavioral responses of coyotes (n = 42) to selected baits and attractants. baits were hollow rectangular cubes made of polymer dog food or fish meal. attractants had sweet (watermelon), fruity (raspberry), sulfurous (synthetic wu), and lard (beef lard) fragra ... | 1998 | 9476221 |
| efficacy of bait distributional strategies to deliver canine rabies vaccines to coyotes in southern texas. | this study sought to develop a baiting strategy to deliver an oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in southern texas. to determine bait longevity, dog foodlard baits were placed (n = 50) on- and off-roads during july 1994 and january 1995. coyote visitation and uptake rates did not differ between on-road and off-road placement of baits. to evaluate bait stations as possible visual cues, baits were placed out both with (n = 50) and without (n = 50) bait stations. a visual c ... | 1998 | 9476222 |
| trichinella spiralis in sylvatic hosts from prince edward island. | larvae of trichinella sp. were found in two of 208 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and one of 125 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained from trappers from prince edward island (canada) in 1995 and 1996. a polymerase chain reaction based dna biotyping method revealed the larvae to be isolates of trichinella spiralis. this is the first verified identification of t. spiralis in sylvatic hosts from canada. | 1998 | 9476239 |
| results of an oral rabies vaccination program for coyotes. | to determine effectiveness of large-scale distribution of an oral rabies vaccine contained in a palatable bait for halting expansion of a canine rabies epizootic in coyotes (canis latrans). | 1998 | 9491156 |
| serologic survey for hantavirus infection in domestic animals and coyotes from new mexico and northeastern arizona. | to determine whether animals had serologic evidence of infection with sin nombre virus (snv). | 1998 | 9540866 |
| viral antibodies in coyotes from california. | prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav) were determined among 152 coyotes (canis latrans) at the naval petroleum reserves (nprc; california, usa) from 1985 to 1990. overall prevalence of antibodies to cpv, cdv, and cav was 66%, 37%, and 68%, respectively. prevalence of cpv and cdv varied significantly among years. antibody prevalence did not differ between sexes for any disease, but did vary significantly among ag ... | 1998 | 9577772 |
| increasing prevalence of canine heartworm in coyotes from california. | thirty-seven subadult and adult coyotes (canis latrans), collected august 1992 through december 1996 from a coastal foothill area in northern california (usa), were examined for adult heartworm (dirofilaria immitis). during 1992 through 1993, at the end of a 6 yr drought, none of four coyotes examined were infected with heartworms. however, during 1994 through 1996, after the drought had ended, prevalences were 91% in 23 adult coyotes and 40% in 10 subadult coyotes. heartworm intensity did not d ... | 1998 | 9577791 |
| mycobacterium bovis in coyotes from michigan. | during a survey for tuberculosis in wild carnivores and omnivores, mycobacterium bovis was cultured from pooled lymph nodes of three adult female coyotes (canis latrans) harvested by hunters in michigan (usa). no gross or histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in these animals. one coyote was taken from montmorency county and two coyotes from alcona county located in the north-eastern portion of michigan's lower peninsula where free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginia ... | 1998 | 9706576 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997. | in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ... | 1998 | 9861958 |
| genetic evidence for a recent origin by hybridization of red wolves. | genetic data suggest that red wolves (canis rufus) resulted from a hybridization between coyotes (c. latrans) and grey wolves (c. lupus). the data of the hybridization, however, is uncertain. according to one hypothesis, the two species came into contact as coyotes increased their geographical range in conjunction with the advance of european settlers and as grey wolves were extirpated from the american south. alternatively, the red wolves could have originated tens of thousands of years ago as ... | 1999 | 9919703 |
| use of anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies to characterize rabies virus in formalin-fixed tissues. | seventy anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested for reactivity with rabies and rabies-related viruses in formalin-fixed (ff) tissues. forty-three of the mabs were directed against the glycoprotein and 27 were directed against the nucleocapsid as determined by enzyme immunoassays and neutralization tests. twenty of the anti-glycoprotein mabs and one of the anti-nucleocapsid mabs reacted with the rabies challenge virus strain (cvs) in ff tissue. these 21 mabs were screened again ... | 1999 | 10029326 |
| naturally occurring hepatozoonosis in coyotes from oklahoma. | nine of 16 free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from central oklahoma (usa) had naturally acquired infections of hepatozoon americanum. infections were confirmed by recognition of tissue stages closely resembling h. americanum in skeletal and cardiac muscle. at the time coyotes were collected they were infested with a variety of ticks, including adult gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum). we propose that the high prevalence of h. americanum in this small sample of free-ranging coyotes and the ... | 1999 | 10073352 |
| typing of rabies virus isolates by dna enzyme immunoassay. | alternatives to antigenic typing are needed for epidemiologic surveys of the rabies virus associated with translocated coyotes and foxes, especially in areas where a closely related rabies virus is transmitted by striped skunks. | 1999 | 10073409 |
| hmo competes with cost-cutting and coyotes. | 1991 | 10112661 | |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in naturally exposed wild coyotes, red foxes, and gray foxes and serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in red foxes fed t. gondii oocysts and tissue cysts. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in sera from 222 coyotes (canis latrans), 283 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), and 97 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from indiana, kentucky, michigan, and ohio during 1990-1993. sera were examined in 1:25, 1:100, and 1:500 dilutions by the modified direct agglutination test (mat) with formalinized whole tachyzoites plus mercaptoethanol. antibodies were found in 131 (59.0%) of 222 coyotes, 243 (85.9%) of 283 red foxes, and 73 (75.3%) of 97 gray fox ... | 1999 | 10219302 |
| causes of morbidity and mortality and their effect on reproductive success in double-crested cormorants from saskatchewan. | the objectives of this study were to describe causes of morbidity and mortality in a breeding colony of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) on doré lake (saskatchewan, canada), and to determine cause-specific mortality rates of juvenile birds. morbidity and mortality were monitored every third day during the breeding season from 1994 to 1996 from inside a tunnel-and-blind system. affected eggs and birds were collected for examination and diagnosis. the cause of mortality was determ ... | 1999 | 10231760 |
| estimating population size by genotyping faeces. | population size is a fundamental biological parameter that is difficult to estimate. by genotyping coyote (canis latrans) faeces systematically collected in the santa monica mountains near los angeles, california, we exemplify a general, non-invasive method to census large mammals. four steps are involved in the estimation. first, presumed coyote faeces are collected along paths or roadways where coyotes, like most carnivores, often defaecate and mark territorial boundaries. second, dna is extra ... | 1999 | 10331287 |
| localization and characterization of nucleotide sequences from the canine y chromosome. | we previously reported the identification of a male-specific 658-bp dna sequence in dogs. we used a specific primer pair designed for pcr amplification of this fragment with dna samples from 238 dogs, 6 dingoes and 12 wolves. all 133 male samples amplified the 658-bp sequence, whereas all female samples did not. the sequence was not amplified from male dna samples representing other wild canids (jackals, coyotes, foxes). a lambda phage was isolated from a canine male genomic library that contain ... | 1999 | 10421382 |
| health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in oregon. | during 1996 and 1997, the u.s. fish and wildlife service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) fawns on hart mountain national antelope refuge (hmnar) located in southeastern oregon (usa). as part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. physiological parameters rel ... | 1999 | 10479084 |
| plague in free-ranging mammals in western north dakota. | from july through october of 1996, 48 blood samples were collected from coyotes (canis latrans), badgers (taxidea taxus), and raccoons (procyon lotor) in western north dakota (usa) for the purposes of determining antibody titers to the plague bacterium, yersniia pestis. the passive hemagglutination paper-strip blood-sampling technique was utilized with hemagglutination inhibition controls. two positive samples were obtained from mckenzie county, one from a coyote with a titer of 1:64 and one fro ... | 1999 | 10479100 |
| oral squamous cell carcinoma in a coyote (canis latrans). | a 19-yr-old spayed female coyote (canis latrans) was evaluated for an elliptical swelling of the skin beneath its right eye and an elevated mass that involved the soft and hard palate and gingivae around the upper right carnassial tooth and molars. histopathologic analysis revealed a squamous cell carcinoma, and a postmortem examination revealed no evidence of vascular invasion or dissemination to the regional lymph nodes or viscera. this report describes the biology and progresion of an oral sq ... | 1999 | 10484152 |
| seroepidemiology of bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection in california coyotes, 1994-1998. | the prevalence of antibodies to bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in coyotes (canis latrans) in california ranged from 51% in central to 34% in southern and 7% in northern california. seropositive coyotes were more likely to be from coastal than inland counties (p clustered distribution of bartonella seropositivity in coyotes suggests that b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection is vectorborne. further investigation is warranted to evaluate which arthropods are vectors and what the mode of t ... | 1999 | 10511529 |
| seasonal activity and host associations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | based on tick collections recovered from wild vertebrates and by dragging, the seasonal occurrence of adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, extended from october through may in southeastern missouri. adult activity was bimodal with the higher peak occurring in november followed by a lower peak in february. the activity of immature i. scapularis had the general pattern of that found in the northeast where lyme disease is hyperendemic, with larval activity (july) peaking after that of ny ... | 1999 | 10593072 |
| mitochondrial dna phylogeography and population history of the grey wolf canis lupus | the grey wolf (canis lupus) and coyote (c. latrans) are highly mobile carnivores that disperse over great distances in search of territories and mates. previous genetic studies have shown little geographical structure in either species. however, population genetic structure is also influenced by past isolation events and population fluctuations during glacial periods. in this study, control region sequence data from a worldwide sample of grey wolves and a more limited sample of coyotes were anal ... | 1999 | 10632860 |
| coyote woman's birth timeline. | 1999 | 10655811 | |
| naturally occurring and experimentally transmitted hepatozoon americanum in coyotes from oklahoma. | twenty free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in oklahoma (usa) were examined for the presence of naturally occurring infections with hepatozoon americanum and to determine if bone lesions attributable to h. americanum were present. although eight of the 20 free-ranging coyotes were found to be naturally infected with h. americanum, no bone lesions were detected. in addition, two coyote pups were exposed to h. americanum oocysts collected from experimentally infected ticks and the course of the re ... | 2000 | 10682757 |
| failure to identify alveolar echinococcosis in trappers from south dakota in spite of high prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild canids. | echinococcus multilocularis causes a rare but potentially lethal zoonotic disease in humans. this tapeworm has been known to be endemic in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) within the northern united states since the 1960s. one purpose of this study was to provide recent data on the prevalence of e. multilocularis in foxes and coyotes from eastern south dakota. in a survey conducted from 1987 to 1991 and involving 137 foxes and 9 coyotes from this area, 74.5% of the foxes and 4 o ... | 2000 | 10701567 |
| canines as sentinels for lyme disease in san diego county, california. | prevalence of lyme borreliosis in canine sentinels has been shown to correlate with infection in humans. one thousand canine sera (917 dogs, 83 coyotes) obtained from animal control authorities and area veterinarians were screened by elisa for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. results were validated by western blot and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests at referee laboratories. criterion for a positive western blot was presence of 5 of 10 of the most common antigen igg bands; for ifa, > ... | 2000 | 10730940 |
| concerned about control of coyotes and wolves. | 2000 | 10754663 | |
| polymorphism of alpha 1-antitrypsin in north american species of canis. | alpha 1-antitrypsin (a1at) is a major protease inhibitor present in all mammalian sera that have thus far been investigated. a1at is also highly polymorphic and is therefore a useful genetic marker. previously reported a1at polymorphism in domestic dogs consisted of two alleles designated as pim and pis which exhibited frequencies of 0.72 and 0.28, respectively, in a group of randomly collected mongrel dogs. north american species of canis, which included gray wolves (n = 29), mexican wolves (n ... | 2000 | 10768138 |
| molecular systematics of mesocestoides spp (cestoda: mesocestoididae) from domestic dogs (canis familiaris) and coyotes (canis latrans). | the genus mesocestoides vaillant, 1863 includes tapeworms of uncertain phylogenetic affinities and with poorly defined life histories. we previously documented 11 cases of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs (canis familiaris l.) in western north america caused by metacestodes of mesocestoides spp. in the current study, dna sequences were obtained from metacestodes collected from these dogs (n = 10), as well as proglottids from dogs (n = 3) and coyotes (canis latrans say, 1823 [n = 2]), and tetrathyr ... | 2000 | 10780557 |
| skeletal lesions of canine hepatozoonosis caused by hepatozoon americanum. | canine hepatozoonosis, caused by hepatozoon americanum, is an emerging tick-borne disease of dogs in north america. in addition to the skeletal and cardiac myositis that are prominent features of the disease, there is disseminated periosteal bone proliferation in most dogs that manifest clinical disease. each of six experimentally infected animals (four dogs and two coyotes) and seven of eight naturally infected dogs had gross or histopathologic osteoproliferative lesions. experimental animals w ... | 2000 | 10810986 |
| development and testing of seven new synthetic coyote attractants. | available evidence indicates that effective coyote attractants are blends of volatile substances. typically, attractants are a combination of biological substances such as fermented glandular materials, urines, and rotted meats. although effective, these attractants have several distinct disadvantages. among these is the possibility that they are unnecessarily complex and variable and, thus, difficult to replicate from one batch to the next. although attractants containing a few reagent grade ma ... | 2000 | 10820111 |
| serologic and molecular evidence of ehrlichia spp. in coyotes in california. | in order to determine the role of coyotes in the epidemiology of granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichial agents in california (usa), we tested 149 serum samples for antibodies against ehrlichia equi, e. risticii, and e. canis, using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to survey for the presence of members of the e. phagocytophila genogroup, e. risticii and e. canis in blood samples of 95 coyotes. sixty-eight (46%) samples were seropositive fo ... | 2000 | 10941735 |
| naturally occurring ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in coyotes from oklahoma. | a nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to determine the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, e. canis, and e. ewingii dna in blood samples of free-ranging coyotes from central and northcentral oklahoma. of the 21 coyotes examined, 15 (71%) were positive for e. chaffeensis dna; none was positive for e. canis or e. ewingii. results suggest that e. chaffeensis infections are common in free-ranging coyotes in oklahoma and that these wild canids could play a role in the epidemiology of human ... | 2000 | 10998377 |
| coyotes (canis latrans) as the reservoir for a human pathogenic bartonella sp.: molecular epidemiology of bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection in coyotes from central coastal california. | bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was originally isolated from a dog suffering infectious endocarditis and was recently identified as a zoonotic agent causing human endocarditis. following the coyote bite of a child who developed clinical signs compatible with bartonella infection in santa clara county, calif., this epidemiological study was conducted. among 109 coyotes (canis latrans) from central coastal california, 31 animals (28%) were found to be bacteremic with b. vinsonii subsp. berkh ... | 2000 | 11060089 |
| spatial associations among density of cattle, abundance of wild canids, and seroprevalence to neospora caninum in a population of beef calves. | to determine the epidemiologic plausibility of a sylvatic transmission cycle for neospora caninum between wild canids and beef cattle. | 2000 | 11061391 |
| muscular sarcocystosis in coyotes from oklahoma. | in a recent survey in oklahoma (usa), 52 free-ranging coyotes were examined for the presence of sarcocysts. two of these coyotes were found infected with sarcocysts in skeletal muscle. by light microscopy, the cyst wall was thin and smooth. ultrastructurally, the cyst wall had minute villar protrusions. the sarcocysts were 14.4 to 50.4 microm wide and 46.8 to 99 microm long. this is the first report of sarcocystis sp. sarcocysts in the skeletal muscle of coyotes. | 2000 | 11085440 |
| host association and seasonal activity of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in missouri. | from june 1993 through june 1996, 2,260 adult, 4,426 nymphal, and 2,178 larval lone star ticks amblyomma americanum (l.) were collected in missouri from vertebrate hosts and by dragging a cloth over vegetation. prevalence, mean intensity, and relative abundance of each stage varied among hosts. the relative abundance of adult lone star ticks was highest on white-tailed deer, but this stage was also collected from raccoons, opossum, red fox, coyotes, and wild turkey. nymphs were collected from gr ... | 2000 | 11128501 |
| an apparatus for studying operant activity of captive coyotes. | we describe a portable apparatus designed to examine the free-operant food preferences of captive coyotes in their home kennels. because lever-pressing for food access was the dependent variable, we measured food preference independently of food ingestion. using successive approximation, we trained 8 out of 19 coyotes (42%) to use the apparatus. this percentage is similar to training rates for dogs. we used fixed and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement to further test 4 of the trained coyo ... | 2000 | 11189857 |
| american canine hepatozoonosis. an emerging disease in the new world. | hepatozoon canis was first described from dogs in 1905 in india and rhipicephalus sanguineus was identified as the vector. dogs on the texas gulf coast were recognized in 1978 to have hepatozoonosis, and it was thought that h. canis had entered the new world. later, it was realized that american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is more debilitating than its old world counterpart, often resulting in death. when the malady and parasite were characterized, a new species, h. americanum, was described, in ... | 2000 | 11193705 |
| neosporosis. aspects of epidemiology and host immune response. | neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite which has been described as causing a neuromuscular paralysis in dogs and is emerging as a major cause of bovine infertility and abortion worldwide. the parasite is known to infect a range of warm blooded animals but the disease predominates in dogs and cattle. it is not yet known if n. caninum can infect and cause disease in people. the dog has recently been identified as the definitive host and the parasite may be transmitted through ... | 2000 | 11193706 |
| major histocompatibility complex (mhc) variation in the endangered mexican wolf and related canids. | we have examined in mexican wolves and related canids the amount of genetic variation for a class ii gene in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc), thought to be part of the most important genetic basis for pathogen resistance in vertebrates. in mexican wolves, descended from only seven founders over three lineages, there were five different alleles. these were in three phylogenetic groups, only one of which was shared between lineages. using single stand conformation polymorphism (sscp), w ... | 2000 | 11240629 |
| bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging carnivores from michigan. | during a survey of carnivores and omnivores for bovine tuberculosis conducted in michigan (usa) since 1996, mycobacterium bovis was cultured from lymph nodes pooled from six coyotes (canis latrans) (four adult female, two adult male), two adult male raccoons (procyon lotor), one adult male red fox (vulpes vulpes), and one 1.5-yr-old male black bear (ursus americanus). one adult, male bobcat (felis rufus) with histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis was negative on culture but positive for ... | 2001 | 11272505 |
| morbidity-mortality factors and survival of an urban coyote population in arizona. | the health of coyotes (canis latrans) in urban areas has not been studied. our objectives were to assess the health of coyotes in tucson (arizona, usa) by determining the prevalence of antibodies to selected pathogens, estimating survival rates, and identifying sources of mortality. we drew blood from 22 coyotes to evaluate the prevalence of heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) antigens, and antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), infectious canine hepatitis (ich), canine parvovirus (cpv), and se ... | 2001 | 11310882 |
| comparison of tissue stages of hepatozoon americanum in the dog using immunohistochemical and routine histologic methods. | american canine hepatozoonosis is caused by hepatozoon americanum, a recently described species of apicomplexan protozoan parasite. an immunohistochemical procedure using a polyclonal antibody to sporozoites of h. americanum clearly identified asexual stages of h. americanum in canine striated muscle. the method also detects hepatozoa present in naturally infected coyotes and raccoons and reacts with certain other apicomplexans. use of this immunohistochemical procedure confirms the canine inter ... | 2001 | 11467476 |
| sylvatic trichinellosis in texas. | there are no published reports of domestic or sylvatic trichinellosis in texas. the aim of the present survey was to determine the presence of trichinella species in selected representative species of potential wildlife reservoirs in southern texas. in 1998-99, tongues of 211 wild mammals were collected in southern texas: 154 coyotes (canis latrans), three bobcats (lynx rufus), 32 racoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossum (didelphis marsupialis), four ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and five wild boars ( ... | 2001 | 11484391 |
| communication ecology of webbing clothes moth: 1. semiochemical-mediated location and suitability of larval habitat. | we tested two hypotheses: 1) that there is semiochemical-mediated attraction of male and female webbing clothes moth (wcm), tineola bisselliella (hum.) (lepidoptera: tineidae) to suitable larval habitat; and 2) that selection of optimal larval habitat has fitness consequences. in binary or ternary choice arena bioassay experiments that prevented wcm from contacting test stimuli, males and females were attracted to dried but untanned animal pelts (red squirrel, muskrat, beaver, coyote, red fox an ... | 2001 | 11521394 |
| determination of cabergoline by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: picogram detection via column focusing sample introduction. | an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for low-picogram detection of an ergot alkaloid, cabergoline, in coyote plasma extracts. cabergoline is under investigation as an abortifacient in canid species. central to the successful development of this method was the ability to introduce relatively large sample volumes into the mass spectrometer. this was achieved by focusing the analyte on a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography guard column prior to e ... | 2001 | 11681474 |
| trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern united states. | several potential mammalian reservoirs of sylvatic species of trichinella were examined from texas, new mexico, and arizona. during 1998-99, tongues were collected from a black bear (ursus americanus) in arizona; from 9 black bears, a coyote (canis latrans), and a mountain lion (felis concolor) in new mexico; and from 154 coyotes, 32 raccoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossums (didelphis marsupialis), 4 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), 3 bobcats (lynx rufus), and 5 feral hogs (sus scrofa) in southern tex ... | 2001 | 11695403 |
| serological responses of coyotes to two commercial rabies vaccines. | between august 1993 and september 1994 we documented serological responses of coyotes (canis latrans) vaccinated with two commercial rabies vaccines licensed for use in domestic dogs. serologic responses were documented by testing for rabies virus neutralizing antibodies with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) at 30, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days post-vaccination. all coyotes vaccinated with imrab 3 (rhone-merieux, inc.), and 75% of those vaccinated with dura-rab 3 (immunovet, inc. ... | 2001 | 11763743 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2000. | during 2000, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,364 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 5 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 4.3% from 7,067 cases in nonhuman animals reported in 1999. ninety-three percent (6,855 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.9% (509 cases) were in domestic species (compared wth 91.5% in wild animals and 8.5% in domestic species in 1999). compared with cases reported in 1999, the numbe ... | 2001 | 11767918 |
| effect of short-term coyote removal on populations of coyote helminths. | coyote (canis latrans) removal programs often are initiated despite the potential population regulatory mechanism of parasitism with increased coyote density. we investigated the effect of intensive, short-term coyote removal on population levels of helminths in juvenile and adult coyotes from western texas. coyotes were killed by aerial gunning every 3 mo for 2 yr on two 5,000 ha areas, which reduced the overall coyote density of these areas by about 50%. two other 5,000 ha areas were used as c ... | 2002 | 11838229 |
| home range formation in wolves due to scent marking. | social carnivores, such as wolves and coyotes, have distinct and well-defined home ranges. during the formation of these home ranges scent marks provide important cues regarding the use of space by familiar and foreign packs. previous models for territorial pattern formation have required a den site as the organizational center around which the territory is formed. however, well-defined wolf home ranges have been known to form in the absence of a den site, and even in the absence of surrounding ... | 2002 | 11926117 |
| case report of a coyote attack in yellowstone national park. | we report the case of an unprovoked coyote attack on a human visitor to yellowstone national park. although the patient suffered only soft tissue injuries, unprovoked attacks are rarely reported in the medical literature. this case and plans on how to manage coyote attacks are discussed. | 1996 | 11990109 |
| new approaches to the development of live attenuated rabies vaccines. | in the united states, extensive reservoirs of the rabies virus exist in many diverse wild animal species, which continue to pose a serious risk of lethal infection of humans and cause an economic burden exceeding $1 billion annually. previous experience with rabies control in foxes in europe has clearly demonstrated that oral immunization with live vaccines is the only practical approach to eradicate rabies in free-ranging animals. however, unlike europe where vulpine rabies was the only major r ... | 2002 | 12031103 |
| a new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes. | research was conducted during 1996-2000 to develop baits for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to raccoons (procyon lotor) and coyotes (canis latrans). a bait was sought that: (1) was attractive to the target species, (2) could be distributed by aircraft, (3) was as effective (or more so) than the currently used fish meal polymer bait, and (4) could be produced in large numbers by automated procedures and could be purchased by user groups at substantially lower cost. ten field trials were conduc ... | 2002 | 12038136 |
| oral efficacy of an attenuated rabies virus vaccine in skunks and raccoons. | raccoons and skunks are major rabies reservoirs in north america. oral vaccination is one method to consider for disease control in these carnivores. under field conditions in the usa, only one oral rabies vaccine has been used. it is efficacious in wildlife such as raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) but not in skunks (mephitis mephitis). the objectives of this study were to evaluate an attenuated sag-2 rabies virus vaccine for safety, immunogenicity, an ... | 2002 | 12038142 |
| species differences in normal brain cholinesterase activities of animals and birds. | the normal cholinesterase activity in brain tissue was measured in 15 mammalian and 44 avian species using the ellman method. enzyme activity exhibited considerable interspecies variability. in mammals, the enzyme activities ranged from approximately 2 to 10 micromole/min/g of wet tissue. with the exception of the carnivores (dog, fox, coyote), no consistency of the enzyme activity could be identified in related mammalian species. the range of interspecies differences associated with avian choli ... | 2002 | 12046961 |
| distribution and prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild predators in nebraska, kansas, and wyoming. | to further determine the distribution and prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in the central united states, 245 wild canids (125 red foxes, 120 coyotes) and 33 bobcats were collected from nebraska, kansas, and wyoming and examined for this parasite. animals examined included 11 red foxes from the western panhandle of nebraska; 5 red foxes and 30 coyotes from southern nebraska; 56 red foxes and 1 coyote from northeastern nebraska; 20 red foxes, 63 coyotes, and 13 bobcats from northern kansa ... | 2002 | 12054030 |
| isolation of prorocentrum lima (syn. exuviaella lima) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (dsp) risk assessment in the gulf of california, mexico. | a benthic toxic dinoflagellate identified as prorocentrum lima (syn. exuviaella lima), and designated as strain prl-1, was isolated from the coast of el pardito (coyote) island in baja california sur, mexico, after a fisherman poisoning incident involving consumption of liver from lutjanus colorado, and mycteroperca prionura fish. purification and culturing was done in es-si medium, under 12:12 light/dark cycle (4 x 20 w cool-white fluorescent lamps), at 22 degrees c and constant stirring during ... | 2002 | 12165314 |
| assessment of cabergoline as a reproductive inhibitor in coyotes (canis latrans). | the efficacy of three oral formulations (gelatin capsule, tablet, oil base) and five dosages (50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 microg) of cabergoline to disrupt reproduction in coyotes (canis latrans) was evaluated. the type of formulation used had no effect on plasma progesterone and prolactin concentrations or on mean litter size. no adverse side effects (for example, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea) were observed despite the use of doses of up to 20 times the therapeutic dose used for domestic dogs and ... | 2002 | 12220164 |
| safety of brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine in non-target ungulates and coyotes. | brucellosis is endemic in free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) and bison (bison bison) in the greater yellowstone area (gya; usa). it is possible that an oral brucellosis vaccine could be developed and disseminated in the gya to reduce disease transmission. should this occur, non-target species other than elk and bison may come in contact with the vaccine resulting in morbidity or mortality. to assess biosafety, bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis; n = 10), pronghorn (antilocapra americana; n = 9), mule ... | 2002 | 12238372 |
| major histocompatibility complex variation in red wolves: evidence for common ancestry with coyotes and balancing selection. | we examined variation at a class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene (drb1) in the captive red wolf population and samples of coyotes from texas and north carolina. we found 4 alleles in the 48 red wolves, 8 alleles in the 10 coyotes from texas and 15 alleles in the 29 coyotes from north carolina. two of the four alleles found in red wolves, caru-2 and caru-4, were found in both the texas and north carolina coyote samples. allele caru-1, previously found in gray wolves, was also found ... | 2002 | 12296935 |
| the threatened plague. | this article discusses changes in disease patterns affecting human health that may be related to environmental and social changes in the world. the world health report reveals that 30 new diseases emerged in the past 20 years. old diseases are becoming resistant to new drugs. infectious diseases that were in decline are spreading: diphtheria, whooping cough, and measles. illnesses such as malaria, fevers, cholera, and rodent-borne viruses are becoming more frequent. diseases that are transm ... | 1997 | 12321043 |
| induced sterility for coyote control: effect of cadmium chloride on potential fertility of the male canis familiaris. | 6 mature male dogs were treated with .025 gm cadmium chloride in defibrinated pig blood for 10 consecutive days; 4 control dogs received the carrier only. semen was collected by means of an artificial vagina and digital stimulation and a microscopic examination was performed immediately to estimate percent of motile spermatozoa and motility score. histological examination of testicular tissue using a hematoxylin-eosin stain was made at the end of the experiment. the data were evaluated by anal ... | 1976 | 12334674 |
| validation for use with coyotes (canis latrans) of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dirofilaria immitis. | serological tests offer a potentially powerful tool for monitoring parasites in wildlife populations. however, such tests must be validated before using them with target wildlife populations. we evaluated in coyotes (canis latrans) the performance of a commercially available serological test used to detect canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in domestic dogs. we obtained 265 coyote carcasses and serological specimens from 54 additional coyotes from several regions of california, usa. we necro ... | 2002 | 12383624 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium bovis infection in cervids on privately owned ranches. | to determine prevalence of tuberculosis caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis in cervids on privately owned ranches in northeastern lower michigan. | 2002 | 12418527 |
| community and ecosystem level consequences of chemical cues in the plankton. | aquatic organisms produce compounds that deter consumers, alter prey behavior, suppress or kill target and nontarget species, and dramatically affect food-web structure, community composition, and the rates and pathways of biogeochemical cycles. toxins from marine and freshwater phytoplankton create health hazards for both aquatic and terrestrial species and can significantly affect human activities and the economic vitality of local communities. a reasonable case can be made that phytoplankton ... | 2002 | 12474896 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2001. | during 2001, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. more than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). the number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cat ... | 2002 | 12494966 |
| spatial analysis of yersinia pestis and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroprevalence in california coyotes (canis latrans). | zoonotic transmission of sylvatic plague caused by yersinia pestis occurs in california, usa. human infections with various bartonella species have been reported recently. coyotes (canis latrans) are ubiquitous throughout california and can become infected with both bacterial agents, making the species useful for surveillance purposes. this study examined the geographic distribution of 863 coyotes tested for y. pestis and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii serologic status to gain insight int ... | 2003 | 12507856 |
| widespread occurrence of a domestic dog mitochondrial dna haplotype in southeastern us coyotes. | sequence analysis of the mitochondrial dna control region from 112 southeastern us coyotes (canis latrans) revealed 12 individuals with a haplotype closely related to those in domestic dogs. phylogenetic analyses grouped this new haplotype in the dog/grey wolf (canis familiaris/canis lupus) clade with 98% bootstrap support. these results demonstrate that a male coyote hybridized with a female dog, and female hybrid offspring successfully integrated into the coyote population. the widespread dist ... | 2003 | 12535104 |
| assessing behavior in extinct animals: was smilodon social? | it has been suggested that saber-tooth species such as smilodon fatalis were social because partially healed skeletal injuries were found at rancho la brea, california. this conclusion assumes injured animals would die without help. this paper will rebut assertions of sociality. first, cats use metabolic reserves to heal quickly without feeding. second, dehydration is a more profound limitation than starvation as prey carcasses only provide a quarter of necessary water. injured animals must be m ... | 2003 | 12697957 |