Publications

normal isotype switching in b cells lacking the i mu exon splice donor site: evidence for multiple i mu-like germline transcripts.	ig class switch recombination (csr) in activated b cells is preceded by the generation of "switch" transcripts from the heavy chain constant region (ch) genes targeted for rearrangement. switch transcripts include a sterile "i" exon spliced onto the first ch exon. targeted mutations disrupting the expression or splicing of i exons severely hamper csr to all tested ch loci, except mu. however, all mu switch transcript mutations tested so far have left the i mu exon splice donor site intact. to te ...	2000	10640761
day length affects feeding behaviour and food intake in adult male emus (dromaius novaehollandiae).	1. in south-western australia, male and female emus decrease their food intake when they start breeding in early winter and increase their intake during spring and summer when the breeding season and egg incubation are finished. 2. this annual feeding cycle seems to be under the influence of several environmental factors. here, we tested the importance of photoperiod using male emus kept in light-controlled rooms with ad libitum access to food and water. 3. long days increased food intake wherea ...	1999	10670666
interictal and ictal video-eeg monitoring.	the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the diagnostic efficacy and therapeutic relevance of video-eeg monitoring in an large patient population with long-term follow-up.	1999	10674142
resistance and the control of lice on humans and production animals.	phthiraptera (lice) are specialised insects adapted to parasitise many warm-blooded vertebrates, including domestic animals and humans. often, attempts by the host to alleviate the irritation created by lice, causes derangement of the hair/fur coat. unless treated, this derangement may cause economic losses due to hide damage and/or downgrading of wool/hair/fur. in 1981, application of aqueous insecticide solutions (dipping) for the control of sheep body lice (bovicola ovis) was largely supersed ...	2000	10719122
rate-intensity functions in the emu auditory nerve.	rate-versus-intensity functions recorded from mammalian auditory-nerve fibers have been shown to form a continuum of shapes, ranging from saturating to straight and correlating well with spontaneous rate and sensitivity. these variations are believed to be a consequence of the interaction between the sensitivity of the hair-cell afferent synapse and the nonlinear, compressive growth of the cochlear amplifier that enhances mechanical vibrations on the basilar membrane. little is known, however, a ...	2000	10790040
leukemia and lymphoma incidence in rodents exposed to low-frequency magnetic fields.	a weak association between residential or occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields (50/60 hz fields) and an increased incidence of leukemia has been reported. numerous animal studies have evaluated the potential association between magnetic-field exposure and leukemia. these include long-term (up to 2(1/2) years) bioassays, initiation/promotion studies, investigations in transgenic models, and tumor growth studies. exposure to 60 hz circularly polarized magnetic fields at 1,400 micr ...	2000	10790285
keeping track: the function of the current state buffer.	the current state buffer has been proposed to account for our ability to keep track of significant stimuli in our immediate environment. the three experiments reported here were designed to test the independence of the current state buffer from the established components of working memory. pre-schoolers were used in order to minimize the possible interference of other memory structures and complex strategies on the part of the subjects, thus allowing a cleaner test of the hypotheses. in the expe ...	2000	10802043
embryonic heart rate measurements during artificial incubation of emu eggs.	1. daily changes in embryonic heart rate (hr) of emu were determined non-invasively at 36 degrees c by acoustocardiography (acg) during the last 30% of artificial incubation (predicted incubation time is 50 d). 2. the pattern of daily changes in mean hr of hatched embryos decreased from about 175 bpm to about 140 bpm towards the end of incubation. 3. the mean hr at 80% of incubation (ca. 170 bpm) was close to the value predicted from an allometric equation reported previously for precocial domes ...	2000	10821529
the role of patient companions in long-term video-eeg monitoring.	in developing countries it is difficult to have full-time dedicated nurses in epilepsy monitoring units (emu). our one-bed emu is within the neurology service and is adequately staffed during daytime working hours only. so we created a new model where the patient's companion was asked to press a nurse call button, allowing the examination of the patient by the nurse. in this study we aimed to understand how patient companions behaved and which factors influenced their behaviour. patients were al ...	2000	10845736
[magnetic drug delivery system--adriamycin-carboxymethyl dextran magnetic nanoparticles].	a novel magnetic drug carrier-carboxymethyl dextran magnetic nanoparticles(cmd mnps) was prepared. adriamycin (adr) was coupled with two types of carrier-neutral dextran mnps and anionic cmd mnps, by periodate oxidation. the physico-chemical characteristics and the magnetic guidance effects in vitro and in vivo of adr-cmd mnps were studied. the distribution profiles of liver and spleen in mice were studied for both adr-dextran conjugate mnps and adr-cmd conjugate mnps. the results showed adr-cmd ...	2000	10879185
transcriptional activation by lr1 at the emu enhancer and switch region sites.	lr1 is a b cell-specific, sequence-specific duplex dna binding activity which is induced in b cells carrying out class switch recombination. here we identify several properties of lr1 which enable it to function in transcriptional regulation. we show that lr1 contributes to transcriptional activation by the emu immunoglobulin heavy chain intron enhancer by binding to a site within the enhancer core. we further show that lr1 bends dna upon binding. in addition, we show that lr1 is itself a bona f ...	2000	10908319
nutrition composition of emu compares favorably with that of other lean meats.		2000	10916526
periosteal bone growth rates in extant ratites (ostriche and emu). implications for assessing growth in dinosaurs.	the first quantitative experimental data on growth dynamics of the primary cortical bone of young ratites demonstrate the following. 1) from hatching to 2 months of age, cortical thickness remains constant, thereby expressing equilibrium between periosteal bone deposition and an endosteal bone resorption. 2) radial growth rates of the diaphyseal bone cortex are high (10-40 microns.day-1 on average--maximum 80 microns.day-1) in the hindlimb (femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus). wing bones are ...	2000	10923210
isolation of avian influenza virus (h10n7) from an emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) with conjunctivitis and respiratory disease.	avian influenza virus was isolated from the conjunctiva of a male emu chick. clinical observations included ocular discharge, dyspnea, and mild respiratory signs. lesions included conjunctivitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, and airsacculitis. escherichia coli was isolated from the conjunctiva and the sinus, and staphylococcus sp. was isolated from the conjunctiva. influenza a viral nucleoprotein was detected immunohistochemically in epithelial cells of the bronchi, lung parenchyma and tracheal ...	2000	11007030
differentiation commitment and regulator-specific granulocyte-macrophage maturation in a novel pro-b murine leukemic cell line.	the cloned pro-b-lymphocyte murine leukemic cell line gb2, was established from a leukemic max41 x emu-myc double transgenic mouse. its igh alleles are rearranged and its surface markers are primarily b-lymphoid, but a small proportion of the cells also express surface gr-1 and some cells develop the morphology of maturing granulocytes. the cell line grows continuously in suspension culture without the addition of growth factors, but expresses mrna for m-csf, tpo and flt-3-ligand. when stimulate ...	2000	11021754
allele-specific loss or imbalance of chromosomes 9, 15, and 16 in b-cell tumors from interspecific f1 hybrid mice carrying emu-c-myc or n-myc transgenes.	mice carrying an immunoglobulin enhancer (emu-) linked c- or n-myc transgene develop fatal monoclonal or oligoclonal pre-b or b-cell lymphomas. this indicates that, beside the emu-activated myc gene, additional genetic changes are required for tumor development. to trace these additional changes, we carried out a genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity (loh) and allelic imbalance (ai). this was done at 53 microsatellite markers in a panel of 34 lymphomas and four plasmacytomas from c- or n ...	2000	11093815
research on annihilation of cancer cells by glass-ceramics for cancer treatment with external magnetic field. i. preparation and cytotoxicity.	ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics were prepared as a heating mediator for hyperthermia in cancer treatment. we prepared glasses in the system 40fe2o3-30cao-30sio2 and precipitated ferrimagnetic crystallites through controlled two-step heat treatment. to improve the heating capability of ferrimagnetic crystallites, i.e., magnetite, generation of other crystalline phases should be prohibited. the addition of each 1% of p2o5 and b2o3 led to lowering the crystallization temperature of magnetite, which wa ...	2001	11189041
synthesis, structure, and bonding of a5cd2tl11, a = cs, rb. naked pentagonal antiprismatic columns centered by cadmium.	a new anionic thallium cluster chain 1 infinity[cd2tl11(5-)] has been discovered in the a-cd-tl systems for a = cs, rb. the compounds are synthesized by direct fusion of the elements at 700 degrees c and equilibration of the quenched product at 200 degrees c for 1 month. the thallides crystallize in the orthorhombic space group amm2, z = 2, a = 56107(7) and 55999(6) a, b = 18090(3) and 17603(3) a, c = 13203(3) and 12896(2) a for a = cs and rb, respectively, and contain chains of face-sharing pen ...	2000	11196905
complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two extinct moas clarify ratite evolution.	the origin of the ratites, large flightless birds from the southern hemisphere, along with their flighted sister taxa, the south american tinamous, is central to understanding the role of plate tectonics in the distributions of modern birds and mammals. defining the dates of ratite divergences is also critical for determining the age of modern avian orders. to resolve the ratite phylogeny and provide biogeographical data to examine these issues, we have here determined the first complete mitocho ...	2001	11217857
influence of two dietary fats on the composition of emu oil and meat.	male and female emus were fed a diet rich in saturated fat (beef tallow) or a diet rich in unsaturated fat (soybean oil) until they weighed about 35 kg. samples of subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipose tissues and samples of six major meat cuts were taken for determination of composition. emus fed the two different diets grew at similar rates, but the male emus had a higher percentage of carcass fat. the adipose tissue cells from males were larger than those from females. all six meat cuts av ...	2001	11233007
synthesis of barium ferrite ultrafine particles by coprecipitation in the presence of polyacrylic acid.	the barium ferrite ultrafine particles were synthesized by coprecipitation in an aqueous solution with polyacrylic acid (paa) as a protective agent. thermal analysis by tga/dta showed that the precursor could yield barium ferrite after calcination above 700 degrees c for 2 h. by analyses of the xrd and electron diffraction pattern, the formation of pure barium ferrite was confirmed and the appropriate molar ratio of ba/fe in aqueous solution was determined to be 1/11. the tem measurements indica ...	2001	11237438
synthesis of strontium ferrite ultrafine particles using microemulsion processing.	the strontium ferrite ultrafine particles have been prepared using the microemulsion processing. the mixed hydroxide precursor was obtained via the coprecipitation of sr(2+) and fe(3+) in a water-in-oil microemulsion of water/ctab/n-butanol/isooctane. according to the investigation on the thermochemical properties by tga/dta and the phase analysis by xrd, it was shown that the precursor could yield pure strontium ferrite after calcination at 700 degrees c for 5 h while using an appropriate molar ...	2001	11254326
gold complexes with dithiothiophene ligands: a metal based on a neutral molecule.	the gold complexes n-bu4n[au(alpha-tpdt)2] (5), n-bu4n[au(dtpdt)2] (4) and n-bu4n[au(tpdt)2] (6) based on new dithiothiophene ligands (alpha-tpdt= 2,3-thiophenedithiolate, dtpdt=2,3-dihydro-5,6-thiophenedithiolate and tpdt = 3,4-thiophenedithiolate) have been prepared and characterised. these gold(iii) complexes are diamagnetic, but they can be oxidised with iodine to the paramagnetic compounds [au(alpha-tpdt)2] (8), [au(dtpdt)2] (7) and n-bu4n[[au(tpdt)2]n-2] (9), which were isolated as fine po ...	2001	11271537
synthesis and structure of k10tl7: the first binary trielide containing naked pentagonal bipyramidal tl7 clusters.	the title compound is synthesized by direct fusion of the elements at 400 degrees c followed by annealing at 330 degrees c, quenching to room temperature, and subsequent annealing at 120 and 100 degrees c for days to weeks. the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p21/c (no. 14), with z = 4, a = 10.132(1) a, b = 22.323(2) a, c = 13.376(1) a, and beta = 93.14(1)degrees, and consists of tl7(7-) clusters embedded in a matrix of potassium ions. the cluster is an axially compressed pen ...	2000	11272576
overexpression of bcl-2 differentially restores development of thymus-derived cd4-8+ t cells and intestinal intraepithelial t cells in ifn-regulatory factor-1-deficient mice.	mice lacking ifn-regulatory factor (irf)-1 have reduced numbers of mature cd8+ t cells within the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs, suggesting a critical role of irf-1 in cd8(+) t cell differentiation. here we show that endogenous bcl-2 expression is substantially reduced in irf-1(-/-)cd8+ thymocytes and that introduction of a human bcl-2 transgene driven by emu or lck promoter in irf-1(-/-) mice restores the cd8(+) t cell development. restored cd8+ t cells are functionally mature in terms ...	2001	11359801
euro debate offers a preview of health policy.	as europe struggles to unite under one currency, the criteria for admission to the european monetary union (emu) is causing some governments to short change their aids research and treatment plans. the emu is being considered by some as a potential disaster as a deflationary pact that drives up unemployment and drains funds for public services in the name of fiscal stability. others fear the opposite, in which an inflationary pact develops where fiscal management is sacrificed in order to bail o ...	1997	11364945
complete mitochondrial dna genome sequences of extinct birds: ratite phylogenetics and the vicariance biogeography hypothesis.	the ratites have stimulated much debate as to how such large flightless birds came to be distributed across the southern continents, and whether they are a monophyletic group or are composed of unrelated lineages that independently lost the power of flight. hypotheses regarding the relationships among taxa differ for morphological and molecular data sets, thus hindering attempts to test whether plate tectonic events can explain ratite biogeography. here, we present the complete mitochondrial dna ...	2001	11370967
from karrawingi the emu to care factor zero. mental health issues in contemporary australian adolescent literature.	to examine the depiction of mental health issues in contemporary australian adolescent literature. this material might influence teenagers' understanding of mental illness and their willingness to seek help, and may provide insights into societal attitudes towards adolescents and the psychiatric problems encountered in this age group.	2004	11379510
efferent axons in the avian auditory nerve.	the sensory hair cells of the inner ear receive both afferent and efferent innervation. the efferent supply to the auditory organ has evolved in birds and mammals into a separate complex system, with several types of neurons of largely unknown function. in this study, the efferent axons in four different species of birds (chicken, starling, barn owl and emu) were examined anatomically. total numbers of efferents supplying the cochlear duct (auditory basilar papilla and the vestibular lagenar mac ...	2001	11403682
molecular basis of mucopolysaccharidosis type iiib in emu (dromaius novaehollandiae): an avian model of sanfilippo syndrome type b.	sanfilippo syndrome type b, or mucopolysaccharidosis (mps) iiib, is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-n-acetylglucosaminidase (naglu). in dromaius novaehollandiae (emu), a progressive neurologic disease was recently discovered, which was characterized by naglu deficiency and heparan sulfate accumulation. to define the molecular basis, the sequences of the normal emu naglu cdna and gene were determined by pcr-based approaches using primers for highly conserv ...	2001	11414757
apoptosis triggered by myc-induced suppression of bcl-x(l) or bcl-2 is bypassed during lymphomagenesis.	enforced bcl-2 expression inhibits myc-induced apoptosis and cooperates with myc in transformation. here we report that the synergy between bcl-2 and myc in transforming hematopoietic cells in fact reflects a myc-induced pathway that selectively suppresses the expression of the bcl-x(l) or bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein. myc activation suppresses bcl-x(l) rna and protein levels in cultures of primary myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, and bcl-x(l) and bcl-2 expression is inhibited by myc in precance ...	2001	11438662
vibratory sample magnetometry of middle ear prostheses and manufacturing materials.	to assess the magnetic properties of stapes prostheses and manufacturing materials using a vibratory sample magnetometer (vsm).	2001	11449105
anisotropy of superconducting mgb2 as seen in electron spin resonance and magnetization data.	we observed the conduction electron spin resonance (cesr) in fine powders of mgb2 both in the superconducting and normal states. the pauli susceptibility is chi(s) = 2.0 x 10(-5) emu/mole in the temperature range of 450 to 600 k. the spin relaxation rate has an anomalous temperature dependence. the cesr measured below t(c) at several frequencies suggests that mgb2 is a strongly anisotropic superconductor with the upper critical field, h(c2), ranging between 2 and 16 t. the high-field reversible ...	2001	11461637
identification of the sex of a wide range of carinatae birds by pcr using primer sets selected from chicken ee0.6 and its related sequences.	a 0.6 kb ecori fragment (ee0.6), cloned from the w chromosome of chickens, is a nonrepetitive sequence and contains an exonlike sequence, et15, which is likely a part of a pseudogene. the ee0.6 sequence is conserved in all species of birds examined both in carinatae and ratitae. a counterpart sequence of ee0.6 is present on the z chromosome. the extent of diversity between the w- and z-linked sequences are variable among species. the w- and z-linked ee0.6 sequences, cloned from 12 different spec ...	2001	11535643
identification and status of design improvements to the nasa shuttle emu for international space station application.	to meet the significant increase in eva demand to support assembly and operations of the international space station (iss), nasa and industry have improved the current shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (emu), or "space suit", configuration to meet the unique and specific requirements of an orbital-based system. the current shuttle emu was designed to be maintained and serviced on the ground between frequent shuttle flights. iss will require the emus to meet increased evas out of the shuttle ...	1997	11540771
extravehicular activity space suit interoperability.	the european agency (esa) and the russian space agency (rka) are jointly developing a new space suit system for improved extravehicular activity (eva) capabilities in support of the mir space station programme, the eva suit 2000. recent national policy agreements between the u.s. and russia on planned cooperations in manned space also include joint extravehicular activity (eva). with an increased number of space suit systems and a higher operational frequency towards the end of this century an ...	1995	11541105
preparing emu for space station.	in today's fiscally constrained environment, it can be expected that systems designed for one space program will increasingly be used to support other programs. the example of the u.s. extravehicular mobility unit (emu), designed for use with the space shuttle, and now part of the baseline for the international space station (iss) program, illustrates the adaption process. certifying the shuttle's emu for use aboard iss requires addressing three fundamental issues: identifying new iss requiremen ...	1995	11541316
crystal structure, electrical transport, and magnetic properties of niobium monophosphide.	large single crystals of nbp have been prepared. a single-crystal x-ray diffraction study shows that it crystallizes in tetragonal symmetry with space group i4(1)md (no. 109) and lattice parameters a = 3.3324(2) å, c = 11.3705(7) å, and z = 4. a full matrix least-squares refinement based on a unique data set of 285 reflections (i> 2sigma(i)) yielded r(f) = 0.017 and r(w)(f(2)) = 0.046 for nine variables. the unit cell consists of one unique nb and one p, each in trigonal prismatic coordination w ...	1996	11666255
ferromagnetic mn(ii).cu(ii) exchange in the new bimetallic quasi-2-d compound cu(op)(2)mncl(4) (op = 1,4-diazacycloheptane).	the synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties are reported for the new bimetallic compound cu(op)(2)mncl(4), where op = hn(ch(2))(5)nh. the compound, c(10)h(24)n(4)cl(4)cumn, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p2(1)/n. cell dimensions are as follows: a = 15.316(3) å, b = 16.608(3) å, c = 7.141(2) å, beta = 100.01(5) degrees, z = 4. the structure consists of well-separated and magnetically equivalent layers which are composed of chloride-bridged cu(op)(2)mncl(4) binuclear unit ...	1996	11666937
regiospecificity in the exchange coupling of the spins of copper(ii) ion coordinated with the ring nitrogen atoms and n-tert-butylaminoxyl radical attached as a substituent on the pyridine and n-phenylimidazole rings.	complexes of bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(ii) [cu(hfac)(2)] ligated with 3- and 4-(n-oxyl-tert-butylamino)pyridines (3nopy and 4nopy) and n-{3- and 4-(n-oxyl-tert-butylamino)phenyl}imidazoles (3noim and 4noim) were prepared. the 1:2 complexes [cu(hfac)(2)(3nopy and 4nopy)(2)] have hexacoordinated octahedral structures in which the two pyridyl nitrogen atoms are coordinated to the copper(ii) ions in the trans configuration. the 1:1 complex [cu(hfac)(2)(4nopy)] has a distorted pentacoordin ...	1998	11670384
reaction of octachlorodirhenate with a redox-active tetrathiafulvalene phosphine ligand: spectroscopic, magnetic, and structural characterization of the unusual paramagnetic salt [recl(2)(o-p2)(2)][re(2)cl(6)(o-p2)] (o-p2 = o-{p(c(6)h(5))(2)}(2)(ch(3))(2)ttf).	reaction of [(n-bu)(4)n](2)[re(2)cl(8)] with the tetrathiafulvalene phosphine ligand o-{p(c(6)h(5))(2)}(2)(ch(3))(2)ttf (o-p2) in refluxing ethanol produces the mixed-nuclearity salt [recl(2)(o-p2)(2)][re(2)cl(6)(o-p2)] (1.2), composed of the mononuclear re(iii) complex (1) and the mixed-valence re(ii)-re(iii) dinuclear anion (2). the complex crystallizes as a ch(2)cl(2) solvate in the triclinic space group p&onemacr;, a = 13.4559(1) å, b = 20.4015(3) å, c = 21.5538(1) å, alpha = 88.261(1) degre ...	1998	11670802
ferromagnetic resonance of horse spleen ferritin: core blocking and surface ordering temperatures.	in nature, ferritin, an iron-storage molecule, is found in species ranging from bacteria to man. in the past 50 years its chemical, physical, and magnetic properties have been studied, searching to relate function and structure. horse spleen ferritin has been investigated by epr at temperatures between 7 and 290 k. these spectra change from an isotropic line at 290 k to an anisotropic one at 19 k, with a behavior consistent with a system of particles that undergoes superparamagnetic relaxation. ...	2001	11700082
plasma thyroid hormones and growth hormone in embryonic and growing emus (dromaius novaehollandiae).	growth hormone (gh), thyroxine (t4) and tri-iodothyronine (t3) are known to be involved in the regulation of growth and development in a variety of avian species. it has been suggested that an absence of gh and thyroid hormones in ostriches is the cause of their neoteny, a phenomenon in which juvenile characteristics are retained into adulthood. neoteny is typical of all ratites, the single group of flightless birds that includes the ostrich, but similar endocrine studies have not been performed ...	2001	11720129
photoperiodic control of the concentration of luteinizing hormone, prolactin and testosterone in the male emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), a bird that breeds on short days.	the objective of this study was to establish, for a short-day breeding bird, the male emu, whether the breeding season is principally controlled by changes in photoperiod, and to investigate the endocrine mechanisms involved. two groups of adult males were subjected to three alternating periods of 150-185 days of 14 h light/day (ld) and 10 h light/day (sd) terminating in a 360-day period of ld or sd. transfer from ld to sd led to increases in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) and ...	2001	11737558
elastic modulus and strength of emu cortical bone.	the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) shows potential as a unique animal model for replicating the femoral head collapse process seen in end-stage human osteonecrosis. since the collapse phenomenon (and interventions to prevent it) involve mechanical processes, it is important to elucidate the similarities and differences of emus versus humans in terms of hip joint biomechanics. a first step for comparison is the intrinsic mechanical properties of the respective bone tissues, as reflected in cortic ...	2001	11813952
the exercise and environmental physiology of extravehicular activity.	extravehicular activity (eva), i.e., exercise performed under unique environmental conditions, is indispensable for supporting daily living in weightlessness and for further space exploration. from 1965-1996 an average of 20 h x yr(-1) were spent performing eva. international space station (iss) assembly will require 135 h x yr(-1) of eva, and 138 h x yr(-1) is planned for post-construction maintenance. the extravehicular mobility unit (emu), used to protect astronauts during eva, has a decrease ...	2002	11817621
botulinum toxin antibody type a titres after cessation of botulinum toxin therapy.	in some patients, therapy with botulinum toxin type a (bt-a) becomes ineffective due to formation of antibodies (bt-a-ab). the time course of bt-a-ab titres after cessation of bt-a therapy was quantitatively studied to determine whether and when they might drop. thirteen patients (eight women, five men) with various dystonic syndromes and complete secondary therapy failure (cstf) were included in this study (age at initiation of bt-a therapy, 48.2 +/- 11.3 years; number of injection series, 7.7 ...	2002	11835457
main problems of the russian orlan-m space suit utilization for evas on the iss.	in the recent years the russian orlan-m space suits have been improved as applied to their operational requirements for the iss. a special attention is paid to enhancement of eva crew efficiency and safety. the paper considers the main problems regarding specific features of the russian space suit operation in the iss, and analyses measures on their solution. in particular, the problems associated with the following are considered: enhancement of the anthropometric range for the eva crewmembers; ...	2001	11858269
cardiac rhythms in prenatal and perinatal emu embryos.	emu eggs weigh approximately 600 g and have an incubation duration (id) of approximately 50 days. the egg mass is approximately 10-fold heavier than the chicken egg and the id is approximately 2.5-fold longer. daily changes in mean heart rate (mhr) of emu embryos were previously determined, but further measurement was needed to investigate the species-specific behavior of cardiac rhythm for comparison with other species. in the present study, we continuously measured the electrocardiogram of emu ...	2002	11897188
cardiac rhythms in developing emu hatchlings.	six emu hatchlings were non-invasively measured for electrocardiogram (ecg) from their chest wall using flexible electrodes, and the instantaneous heart rate (ihr) was determined from ecg throughout the first week of post-hatching life. although the baseline heart rate (hr) was low, approximately 100-200 beats per min (bpm), compared with chick hatchlings, the ihr fluctuated markedly. the fluctuation of ihr comprised hr variability and irregularities that were designated as types i, ii and iii i ...	2002	11897189
implementation of a change process to improve outcomes of patients admitted to epilepsy monitoring unit.	a continuous quality improvement in health care, combined with measurement of patient and organizational outcomes, is an international trend that promises improvement in meeting the needs of health care consumers in a cost-effective manner. a clinical improvement workshop was conducted in our institution to study the practical methods that can be used by clinical teams to improve the quality and value of health care. this workshop enabled the epilepsy team to identify change strategies that pote ...	2004	11898300
a new animal model of femoral head osteonecrosis: one that progresses to human-like mechanical failure.	existing animal models of femoral head osteonecrosis, while displaying varying levels of concordance with early histopathologic features of the human disorder, generally fail to progress to end-stage mechanical collapse. a new animal model of osteonecrosis is here introduced, utilizing the emu (dromaius novaehollandie). these animals' bipedality and their high activity level represent a much more challenging biomechanical environment to the hip than seen in quadrupedal models of this disorder. f ...	2002	11918310
perturbation of b-cell development in mice overexpressing the bcl-2 homolog a1.	decisions about cell survival or death are central components of adaptive immunity and occur at several levels in immune system development and function. the bcl-2 family of homologous proteins plays an important role in these decisions in lymphoid cells. bcl-2, bcl-xl, and a1 are differentially expressed during b- and t-cell development, and they have shared and distinct roles in regulating cell death. we sought to gain insight into the role of a1 in immune system development and function. a mu ...	2002	11964303
a dna test to sex ratite birds.	dna-based sex tests now exist for many avian species. however, none of these tests are widely applicable to ratites. we present dna sequence data for a locus that is w chromosome-linked in the kiwi, ostrich, cassowary, rhea, and emu. at the amino acid level, this sequence has significant homology to x-linked genes in platyfish and caenorhabditis elegans. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers designed to this locus allow the assignment of sex in all species of living ratites.	2002	11972770
radiation doses to local populations near nuclear weapons test sites worldwide.	nuclear weapons testing was conducted in the atmosphere at numerous sites worldwide between 1946 and 1980, which resulted in exposures to local populations as a consequence of fallout of radioactive debris. the nuclear tests were conducted by five nations (united states, soviet union, united kingdom, france, and china) primarily at 16 sites. the 16 testing sites, located in nine different countries on five continents (plus oceania) contributed nearly all of the radioactive materials released to ...	2002	12003020
development of atherosclerosis in osteopontin transgenic mice.	osteopontin (opn), a noncollagenous adhesive protein, may possibly be implicated in atherosclerosis, in which macrophages and activated t lymphocytes could have higher opn levels within the atherosclerotic plaques. however, it is not known whether a higher opn level is a cause or a result of atherosclerosis or whether it has a promoting or inhibitory effect on atherosclerosis. to clarify the role of opn in atherosclerosis, we developed a transgenic mouse (opn-tg) in which the exogenous opn gene ...	2002	12027233
distribution and characterization of microsatellites in the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) genome.	this study generates data concerning the genome of a flightless species of bird, the emu. we examined and ultimately rejected the following hypotheses: (1) microsatellites are randomly distributed throughout the emu genome. (2) the relative order of abundance of dinucleotides will be constant across genomes. (3) interspersion distances for a given dinucleotide will be equal across vertebrate genomes. (4) in all genomes, a dinucleotide will be more frequent than any trinucleotide. (5) the percent ...	2006	12140269
work and fatigue characteristics of unsuited and suited humans during isolated isokinetic joint motions.	the effects of a pressurized suit on human performance were investigated. the suit is known as an extra-vehicular mobility unit (emu) and is worn by astronauts while working outside their spacecraft in a low earth orbit. isolated isokinetic joint torques of three female and three male subjects (all experienced users of the suit in 1g gravity) were measured while working at 100% and 80% of their maximum voluntary torque (mvt, which is synonymous with maximum voluntary contraction (mvc)). it was f ...	2002	12167203
developmental expression and biochemical characterization of emu family members.	kidney development has often served as a model for epithelial-mesenchymal cell interaction where the branching epithelium of the ureteric bud induces the metanephrogenic mesenchyme to form epithelial nephrons. in a screen for genes differentially expressed during kidney development, we have identified a novel gene that is dynamically expressed in the branching ureter and the developing nephrons. it was designated emu1 since it shares an n-terminal cysteine-rich domain with emilin1/2 and multimer ...	2002	12221002
the oncogenic potential of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus cyclin is exposed by p53 loss in vitro and in vivo.	expression of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) cyclin d homolog, k cyclin, is thought to contribute to viral oncogenesis. we show that k cyclin expression in primary cells sensitizes to apoptosis and induces growth arrest, both of which are dependent on p53 but independent of e2f1 or p19(arf). dna synthesis, but not cytokinesis, continues in k cyclin-expressing cells, leading to multinucleation and polyploidy. such polyploid cells exhibit pronounced centrosome amplification and ...	2002	12242155
magnetic semiconductor: structural, magnetic, and conducting properties of the salts of the 6-oxoverdazyl radical cation with m(dmit)(2) anions (m = ni, zn, pd, and pt, dmit = 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate).	five kinds of (1:1), (1:3), and (2:1) salts of 3-[4-(diethylmethylammonio)phenyl]-1,5-diphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl radical cation [v](+) with m(dmit)(2) anions (m = ni, zn, pd, and pt, dmit = 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate) ([v](+)[ni(dmit)(2)](-) (1), [v](+)[ni(dmit)(2)](3)(-) (2), [v](+)(2)[zn(dmit)(2)](2-) (3), [v](+)(2)[pd(dmit)(2)](2-) (4), and [v](+)(2)[pt(dmit)(2)](2-) (5)) and an iodide salt of [v](+) ([v](+)[i](-) (6)) have been prepared, and the magnetic susceptibilities (chi(m) values) ...	2002	12354039
acyl composition of muscle membranes varies with body size in birds.	the acyl composition of phospholipids from pectoral muscle of eight species of birds, ranging in size from the 13 g zebra finch to the 34 kg emu, were measured and combined with recent published results for a 3 g hummingbird. this represents an approximately 11000-fold range in body mass. muscle phospholipids, and thus muscle membrane bilayers, from birds had a relatively constant unsaturated acyl chain content of 62% but exhibited a significant allometric decline in unsaturation index (number o ...	2002	12364409
anomalous magnetic properties of mno nanoclusters.	in this communication, we experimentally report, for the first time, that the mno nanoclusters with cluster diameters of 5-10 nm show a ferromagnetic behavior with a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phases at 27 k even though their bulk phase is antiferromagnetic. we observed large coercivities up to 9500 oe and a large remanence of 1.72 emu/g at 2 k, which are typically observed values for ferromagnetic materials. although it is not clear, this abnormal ferromagnetic behavior ...	2002	12371839
ventilation-perfusion inequality during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in the emu.	many avian species exhibit an extraordinary ability to exercise under hypoxic condition compared with mammals, and more efficient pulmonary o(2) transport has been hypothesized to contribute to this avian advantage. we studied six emus (dromaius novaehollandaie, 4-6 mo old, 25-40 kg) at rest and during treadmill exercise in normoxia and hypoxia (inspired o(2) fraction approximately 0.13). the multiple inert gas elimination technique was used to measure ventilation-perfusion (v/q) distribution of ...	2002	12391060
b cell development arrest upon insertion of a neo gene between jh and emu: promoter competition results in transcriptional silencing of germline jh and complete vdj rearrangements.	previous targeting experiments within the igh locus have shown that v(d)j recombination was affected by an insertion of a neo gene within e(mu) upstream of the core enhancer, but not by insertions downstream of the enhancer. similarly, class switch recombination to a given (c) gene was affected only by interposition of neo in between that gene and the 3' igh enhancers. here we show that insertion of neo upstream e(mu) only marginally impairs v(d)j recombination, but results in an altered d and j ...	2002	12471120
a comparative study of the corneal endothelium in vertebrates.	introduction: in vertebrates, a corneal endothelium is essential for the maintenance of corneal transparency in a variety of environments, including aerial, terrestrial and aquatic. knowledge of the surface structure of the corneal endothelium may assist our understanding of this unique tissue and its evolutionary development. except for humans and some mammals, there have been few studies of other vertebrates, particularly the unique australian species. methods: the field emission scanning elec ...	2002	12482312
characterization and chromosomal distribution of novel satellite dna sequences of the lesser rhea (pterocnemia pennata) and the greater rhea (rhea americana).	two different types of novel satellite dna (stdna) sequences were cloned from the lesser rhea (ptercnemia pennata) and the greater rhea (rhea americana) after digestion of genomic dnas with a restriction endonuclease pvu ii, and characterized by filter hybridization and in-situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. these nucleotide sequences consisted of gc-rich 288-bp and 332-bp repeated elements in p. pennata and 288-bp and 336-bp repeated elements in r. americana, all of which were organize ...	2002	12489832
roles of the stress-induced gene iex-1 in regulation of cell death and oncogenesis.	in response to changes in the external environment cells must initiate a coordinated program of gene expression for them to adapt. iex-1 (immediate early response gene x-1) is precisely regulated by multiple transcription factors among which p53, nf-kappab/rel, sp1 and c-myc play central roles, to ensure rapid and transient expression of iex-1 in cells under a variety of stress conditions. overexpression of iex-1 renders some cells sensitive to apoptosis and accelerates cell cycle progression, b ...	2003	12510147
microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in wild and farmed emus (dromaius novaehollandiae).	the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) occupies most regions of the australian continent and in recent times has been farmed for meat, oil, and leather. very little is known about the genetic structure of natural or farmed populations of these birds. we report a preliminary study of genetic variation in emus undertaken by typing birds from five farms and two natural populations at five polymorphic microsatellite loci. genetic diversity was high for all populations and there was little evidence of in ...	2002	12547928
the soviet-russian space suits a historical overview of the 1960's.	the development of protective suits for space use started with the vostok-suit sk-1, first used by yu. gagarin on april 12, 1961, and then used on all subsequent vostok-flights. the technical background for the design of these suits was the work on full pressure protective suits for military pilots and stratospheric flights in the 1930's through 50's. the soviet-russian space programme contains a large number of 'firsts', and one of the most well known is the first eva by leonov in 1965. this ev ...	2002	12583369
effect of the emu igh enhancer on expression of a gfp reporter gene in transfected b cells and transgenic mice.	transgenic mice were generated to identify the first b cell maturation stage showing expression of an immunoglobulin transcriptional enhancer element (emu)-green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene, and to check the ability of the emu element to behave as a locus control region. flow cytometry experiments indicated that stably transfected 18-81 cells (a murine pre-b cell line) and a20 cells (a murine igm(+) b cell line) maintained a constant gfp expression for several months in culture. contrast ...	2003	12600749
tonic-absence seizures: an underrecognized seizure type.	the individual electroclinical patterns--tonic seizures with generalized paroxysmal fast activity (gpfa, activity >13 hz), and absence seizures with generalized slow spike-and-wave activity (gss&w, <3 hz)--have been extensively described in the literature. however, only passing reference was made to the pattern of gpfa followed by gss&w. in addition, these descriptions were formulated in the pre-emu (epilepsy monitoring unit) era, without benefit of video/clinical correlation. we now characteriz ...	2003	12614405
fertility of male and female emus (dromaius novaehollandiae) as determined by spermatozoa trapped in eggs.	changes in the fertility status of 10 pairs of emus were investigated using egg break-out and numbers of sperm in the perivitelline membrane of the germinal disc (gd) region. after the sexes were separated, sperm in consecutive eggs declined approximately logarithmically at a mean (+/-sem, n = 10 females) rate of -0.148 +/- 0.021 per log day. sperm continued to be detected in eggs for 16.5 +/- 1.7 days during which 5.6 +/- 0.6 fertilized eggs were laid. fertilized eggs that did not contain detec ...	2002	12617794
synthesis and structure of the metallic k6tl17: a layered tetrahedral star structure related to that of cr3si.	the title compound, the tl-richest in the k-tl system, has been synthesized in ta containers via direct reaction of the elements at 400 degrees c followed by quenching to room temperature and subsequent annealing at 150 degrees c for 4 weeks. it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group cccm (no. 66) with a = 16.625(1) a, b = 23.594(2) a, c = 15.369(2) a (22 degrees c), and z = 8. two different tl(12) units consisting of augmented tetrahedral stars are condensed into layers of such tetrahedra ...	2003	12639115
validation of the dca 2000 microalbumin:creatinine ratio urinanalyzer for its use in pregnancy and preeclampsia.	to determine the accuracy of the dca 2000 albumin/creatinine ratio urinanalyzer (bayer corp., elkhart, in) in uncomplicated pregnancy and preeclampsia.	2003	12648445
lymphoma and leukemic blood picture in an emu (dromaius novaehollandiae).		1996	12660960
overexpression of bcl-2 in t cells affects insulitis in the nonobese diabetic mouse.	the nonobese diabetic (nod) mouse is a useful model for human autoimmune diabetes. the gene for the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 has previously been suggested as a probable susceptibility candidate for the nod mouse disease. in this study, we investigated how overexpression of bcl-2 in lymphocytes might affect insulitis in nod mice. a bcl-2 transgene expressed constitutively under the sv40-promoter and the 5'igh enhancer, emu, was bred onto nod background. two bcl-2 transgenic nod strains were p ...	2003	12662297
aminomethyl-bipyridine bearing two flexible nitronyl-nitroxide arms: a new podand for complexation of transition metals in a facial or meridional conformation.	transition metal complexes of 6-aminomethyl-bis[methyl-2-(4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5- tetramethylimidazolinyl-3-oxide-l-oxy)]-2,2'-bipyridine, bpyn(nit)(2), 1, have been synthesized and characterized by fab-ms, uv-vis, ft-ir, and epr spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and susceptibility measurements. single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies have been performed on all compounds giving the following crystal data: bpyn(nit)(2), 1, triclinic, p(-)1, z = 2, a = 10.7224(4) a, b = 11.0995(4) a, c = 13.1134(3 ...	2003	12716186
myc-mediated proliferation and lymphomagenesis, but not apoptosis, are compromised by e2f1 loss.	myc and e2f1 promote cell cycle progression, but overexpression of either can trigger p53-dependent apoptosis. mice expressing an emu-myc transgene in b lymphocytes develop lymphomas, the majority of which sustain mutations of either the arf or p53 tumor suppressors. emu-myc transgenic mice lacking one or both e2f1 alleles exhibited a slower onset of lymphoma development associated with increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) and a reduced s phase fraction in prec ...	2003	12718877
further comments on "long-term exposure of emu-pim1 transgenic mice to 898.4 mhz microwaves does not increase lymphoma incidence" by utteridge et al. (radiat. res. 158, 357-364 2002).		2003	12751966
a neuroendocrine model for prolactin as the key mediator of seasonal breeding in birds under long- and short-day photoperiods.	seasonal breeding is associated with sequential increases in plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) and prolactin in the short-day breeding emu, and in long-day breeding birds that terminate breeding by the development of reproductive photorefractoriness. a model of the avian neuroendocrine photoperiodic reproductive response is proposed, incorporating a role for prolactin, to account for neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling both long- and short-day breeding. the breeding season terminates after circu ...	2003	12769227
intravenous pharmacokinetics of penicillin g and antipyrine in ostriches (struthio camelus) and emus (dromaius novaehollandiae).	penicillin g and antipyrine, which served as model drugs to assess the relative capacities of renal and hepatic elimination pathways, respectively, were each administered intravenously to six ostriches (struthio camelus) and to six emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). drug concentrations in blood samples collected over a period of 12 hr after administration were assayed, and elimination half-life, mean residence time, clearance, and steady-state volume of distribution were calculated. mean values fo ...	2001	12790398
direct binding and characterization of lipase onto magnetic nanoparticles.	lipase was covalently bound onto fe(3)o(4) magnetic nanoparticles (12.7 nm) via carbodiimide activation. the fe(3)o(4) magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitating fe(2+) and fe(3+) ions in an ammonia solution and treating under hydrothermal conditions. the analyses of transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) showed that the size and structure of magnetic nanoparticles had no significant changes after enzyme binding. magnetic measurement revealed the resultan ...	2006	12790688
structures and magnetic behavior of 1-, 2-, and 3d coordination polymers in the cu(ii)-dicyanamide-pyrimidine family.	using aqueous conditions, three new coordination polymers containing cu(2+) cations, dicyanamide (dca) anions, and pyrimidine (pym) were isolated and structurally and magnetically characterized. comprising the bulk of the product yield, cu(dca)(2)(pym)(2), 1, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p2(1)/c with a = 7.3569(5) a, b = 13.4482(9) a, c = 7.4559(5) a, beta = 98.984(3) degrees, and v = 728.6(1) a and forms linear 1d chains. the second compound, cu(dca)(no(3))(pym)(h(2)o), 2, is also ...	2003	12793834
synthesis of size-controlled cobalt ferrite particles with high coercivity and squareness ratio.	cobalt ferrite particles with diameters ranging from a few micrometer to about 15 nm were synthesized using a modified oxidation process. the fine control of the particle size was achieved by introducing various concentrations of fe(3+) ions at the beginning of the reaction. among the particle sizes obtained by using this method, particles with a grain size of about 36 nm showed a magnetization (m(s)) of 64 emu/g and a maximum coercivity (h(c)) of 2020 oe at room temperature. the corresponding s ...	2003	12804888
clarification of emu serum for peptide hormone assay using polyethylene glycol precipitation.	interference in radioimmunoassays (rias) was frequently encountered during endocrinological studies of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). interference was greatest when serum was cloudy or opaque. such samples appeared seasonally, in spring and summer during the phase of fat deposition, and in the winter when females were laying. these poor quality samples did not allow accurate measurement by rias of several peptide hormones for a full year. to prepare them for assay, these sera were clarified ...	2003	12812780
heart rate responses to cooling in emu hatchlings.	among fluctuations of instantaneous heart rate (ihr) in newly hatched chicks, heart rate (hr) oscillation with a mean frequency of 0.7 hz has been designated as type ii hr variability characterized by low frequency (lf) oscillation [comp. biochem. physiol. part a 124 (1999) 461]. in response to exposure to lowered ambient temperature (ta), chick hatchlings raised their hr baseline accompanied with the production or augmentation of type ii hr oscillation, indicating that lf oscillation is a pheno ...	2003	12814791
cysticercoids of five species of raillietina fuhrmann, 1920 (cestoda: davaineidae) in ants, pheidole sp., from emu farms in australia.	cysticercoids of five species of raillietina, r. australis (krabbe, 1869) fuhrmann, 1924, r. beveridgei o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000, r. chiltoni o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000, r. dromaius o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000 and r. mitchelli o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000, parasitic in the emu dromaius novaehollandiae latham, are described. each species was identified on the basis of the number and size of the rostellar hooks, which correspond to those of adult worms. cysticerc ...	2003	12815212
maturation of cardiovascular control mechanisms in the embryonic emu (dromiceius novaehollandiae).	our understanding of avian embryonic cardiovascular regulation has been based on studies in chickens. the present study was undertaken to determine if the patterns established in chickens are generally applicable to the emu, a ratite bird species. we studied cardiovascular physiology over the interval from 60% to 90% of the emu's 50-day incubation period. during this period, embryonic emus exhibit a slight fall in resting heart rate (from 171 beats min(-1) to 154 beats min(-1)) and a doubling of ...	2003	12819276
epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen-1 and myc cooperate in lymphomagenesis.	the lymphomagenic action of myc genes in conjunction with epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (ebna-1) have been examined using transgenic mice in several separate tests. synergy between myc and ebna-1 in lymphomagenesis was revealed in a cross breed study where co-expression of transgenic myc and ebna-1 led to a tumor latency period reduced significantly in some crosses. in the resulting bitransgenic tumors, expression of the emu-myc genes was not affected by ebna-1 expression. momlv was utili ...	2003	12845679
neoplastic development in plasma cells.	an increasing number of model systems of plasma cell tumor (pct) formation have been and are being developed. discussed here are six models in mice and multiple myeloma (mm) in humans. each model illustrates a unique set of biological factors. there are two general types of model systems: those that depend upon naturally arising mutagenic changes (pristane-induced pcts, 5tmm, and mm) and those that are associated with oncogenes (emu-v-abl), growth factors [interleukin-6 (il-6)], and anti-apoptot ...	2003	12846815
structural, magnetic, and optoelectronic properties of (diimine)(dithiolato)platinum(ii) and -palladium(ii) complexes and their charge-transfer adducts with nitrile acceptors.	two new diimine dithiolato complexes, (dbbpy)pt(dmid), 1, and (dbbpy)pd(dmid), 2, were prepared and characterized (dbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; dmid = 2-oxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate). both complexes interact with the nitrile acceptor tcnq, and 1 also interacts with tcnqf(4) and tcne (tcnq = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane; tcnqf(4) = 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane; tcne = tetracyanoethylene) to form supramolecular 2:1 charge-transfer solids that stack in ...	2003	12870963
focal cryogen insults for inducing segmental osteonecrosis: computational and experimental assessments of thermal fields.	orthopaedic management of femoral head osteonecrosis is a common clinical problem for which there presently is no good solution. current animal models are inappropriate to study potential new solutions, since it has been difficult to replicate the natural history of structural collapse seen in the human disorder. recently, progression to collapse was obtained for cryogenically induced osteonecrosis in emus, although the lesions involved were imprecisely controlled in terms of size or location. a ...	2003	12893040
dmrt1 in a ratite bird: evidence for a role in sex determination and discovery of a putative regulatory element.	unlike mammals, birds have a zz male/zw female sex-determining system. in most birds, the z is large and gene rich, whereas the w is small and heterochromatic, but the ancient group of ratite birds are characterized by sex chromosomes that are virtually homomorphic. any gene differentially present on the ratite z and w is therefore a strong candidate for a sex-determining role. we have cloned part of the candidate bird sex-determining gene dmrt1 from the emu, a ratite bird, and have shown that i ...	2002	12900571
antagonism of croton oil inflammation by topical emu oil in cd-1 mice.	emu oil is derived from the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), which originated in australia, and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. inflammation was induced in anesthetized cd-1 mice by applying 50 microl of 2% croton oil to the inner surface of the left ear. after 2 h, the area was treated with 5 microl of emu, fish, flaxseed, olive, or liquified chicken fat, or left untreated. animals were euthanized at 6 h postapplication of different oils, and earplugs (ep) and plasma samp ...	2003	12934669
the ultrastructure of mouse lung: the alveolar macrophage.	free alveolar macrophages of normal mouse lung have been studied in the electron microscope. the tissue was obtained from several young adult white mice. one other animal was instilled intranasally with diluted india ink 1(1/2) hours prior to the removal of the lung. thin sections of the osmium-fixed, methacrylate-embedded tissue were examined either in an rca emu 2 electron microscope or in a siemens and halske elmiskop i b. a few thick sections obtained from the same embeddings were stained fo ...	1958	13610931
cytological studies of the nematocysts of hydra. i. desmonemes, isorhizas, cnidocils, and supporting structures.	entire hydras or tentacles were fixed in oso(4) or in kmno(4) and thereafter washed, dehydrated, and embedded in a methacrylate mixture. ultrathin sections were cut on an experimental model, thermal expansion type ultramicrotome or on a porter-blume microtome. the sections were examined in an rca electron microscope. type emu-2 d. "squash preparations" for light microscopy, were made from the hydra mouth region and the attached tentacles. these were observed with an ao baker interference microsc ...	1959	13630936
spermiogenesis in lumbricus herculeus; an electron microscope study.	small pieces of the sperm sacs of lumbricus herculeus were fixed for 4 hours in chrome-osmium, embedded in methacrylate, sectioned with a porter-blum microtome, and studied with a r.c.a. emu-2c electron microscope. each spermatid of a group developing synchronously is attached by a cytoplasmic strand to a common nutrient protoplasmic mass. this mass contains mitochondria and yolk bodies but is anucleate. the proximal centriole, that is, the centriole nearer the nucleus, is at first associated wi ...	1959	13673045
fine structure of the larval anuran epidermis, with special reference to the figures of eberth.	small pieces of skin from 8 cm long rana clamitans larvae were fixed in oso(4), washed, dehydrated, and embedded in a methacrylate mixture. ultrathin sections were cut on a porter-blum ultramicrotome and were examined in an rca electron microscope, type emu 2d. the sections showed that aggregates of fibrous material in the cells of the inner layer of epidermal cells are identical in disposition and size with the classical figures of eberth. it is conclusively shown that these figures do not aris ...	1961	13692395
[structure and function of the lacuna layer in the eggshell of the emu and cassowary].		1960	13748080