Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| effect of pubescence tip on soybean resistance to lepidopteran insects. | dna marker analysis has mapped a quantitative trait locus for soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., resistance to the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), on the usda soybean genetic linkage map near the classical gene pb, which conditions pubescence tip. this study was initiated to determine the effect of pubescence tip on resistance to h. zea larvae and to examine the effect on beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and soybean looper, pseudo ... | 2004 | 15154491 |
| an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, inhibits the expression of an antibacterial peptide, cecropin, of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, is known to depress hemocyte nodule formation of target insects by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. this study analyzed the inhibitory effect of x. nematophila on the humoral immunity of the target insects and tested its association with the host eicosanoid pathway. plasma collected from the fifth instar larvae of spodoptera exigua, when they were injected with x. nematophila, did not show antibacterial activity against escherichia coli ... | 2004 | 15183278 |
| functional analysis of the putative fusion domain of the baculovirus envelope fusion protein f. | group ii nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs), e.g., spodoptera exigua mnpv, lack a gp64-like protein that is present in group i npvs but have an unrelated envelope fusion protein named f. in contrast to gp64, the f protein has to be activated by a posttranslational cleavage mechanism to become fusogenic. in several vertebrate viral fusion proteins, the cleavage activation generates a new n terminus which forms the so-called fusion peptide. this fusion peptide inserts in the cellular membrane, thereby ... | 2004 | 15194771 |
| sequence and organization of the neodiprion lecontei nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | all fully sequenced baculovirus genomes, with the exception of the dipteran culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (cuninpv), have previously been from lepidoptera. this study reports the sequencing and characterization of a hymenopteran baculovirus, neodiprion lecontei nucleopolyhedrovirus (nelenpv), from the redheaded pine sawfly. nelenpv has the smallest genome so far published (81,755 bp) and has a gc content of only 33.3%. it contains 89 potential open reading frames, 43 with baculovirus ho ... | 2004 | 15194779 |
| identification and characterization of a major early-transcribed gene of trichoplusia ni single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus using the baculovirus expression system. | an early transcribed gene (me-53) of a south africa strain of trichoplusia ni single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (tnsnpv) was sequenced and identified. it has an open reading frame of 1146 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 382 amino acids with a molecular mass of 45.2 kda. the deduced protein sequence alignment of 13 baculovirus me-53s indicated that the tnsnpv me-53 shares the highest homologies with npv subgroup ii-a spodoptera exigua multiple and mamestra configurata (maco) nucleopo ... | 2004 | 15215681 |
| selenium biotransformations in an insect ecosystem: effects of insects on phytoremediation. | phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated soils may be influenced by higher trophic levels including insects. we examined how selenium affects the behavior, survival, and development of the wasp parasitoid cotesia marginiventris, parasitizing its natural host, the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua, feeding on alfalfa, medicago sativa, irrigated with water containing selenate. x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify the selenium chemical forms in each trophic level. alfalfa partially tra ... | 2004 | 15296308 |
| nicotine's defensive function in nature. | plants produce metabolites that directly decrease herbivore performance, and as a consequence, herbivores are selected for resistance to these metabolites. to determine whether these metabolites actually function as defenses requires measuring the performance of plants that are altered only in the production of a certain metabolite. to date, the defensive value of most plant resistance traits has not been demonstrated in nature. we transformed native tobacco(nicotiana attenuata) with a consensus ... | 2004 | 15314646 |
| mutations in the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca toxin demonstrate the role of domains ii and iii in specificity towards spodoptera exigua larvae. | several mutants of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca toxin affected with regard to specific activity towards spodoptera exigua were studied. alanine was used to replace single residues in loops 2 and 3 of domain ii (mutant ppb19) and to replace residues 541-544 in domain iii (mutant ppb20). additionally, a cry1ca mutant combining all mutations was constructed (mutant ppb21). toxicity assays showed a marked decrease in toxicity against s. exigua for all mutants, while they retained their activity ... | 2004 | 15320864 |
| virus entry or the primary infection cycle are not the principal determinants of host specificity of spodoptera spp. nucleopolyhedroviruses. | the multicapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) of spodoptera exigua (semnpv), spodoptera frugiperda (sfmnpv), and spodoptera littoralis (splinpv) are genetically similar (78 % similarity) but differ in their degree of host specificity. infection by each of the three npvs in these three spodoptera host species was determined by oral inoculation of larvae with occlusion bodies (obs) or intrahaemocoelic injection with occlusion derived virions (odvs). rt-pcr analysis of total rna from inoculated ins ... | 2004 | 15448346 |
| host range factor 1 from lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) is an essential viral factor required for productive infection of npvs in iplb-ld652y cells derived from l. dispar. | host range factor 1 (hrf-1) of lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus promotes autographa californica mnpv replication in nonpermissive ld652y cells derived from l. dispar. here we demonstrate that restricted hyphantria cunea npv replication in ld652y cells was not due to apoptosis but was likely due to global protein synthesis arrest that could be restored by hrf-1. our data also showed that hrf-1 promoted the production of progeny virions for two other baculoviruses, bombyx mo ... | 2004 | 15507661 |
| establishment of phagocytic cell lines from larval hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | hemolymph was taken from beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) larvae and a new hemocyte cell line (sehe920-1a) was established by supplementing the culture medium with a reduced form of glutathione to avoid the activation of prophenoloxidase cascade. to evaluate the phagocytic ability of the sehe920-1a cells, polystyrene microspheres of two sizes (6.14 +/- 0.45 microm and 2.84 +/- 0.14 microm in diameter) and inactivated spores of an entomopathogenic microsporidium, vairimorpha sp. nis m12 (5.10 +/ ... | 2004 | 15638701 |
| nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of the structural glycoprotein gp41 gene homologue of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (spltnpv-i). | the structural glycoprotein gene gp41 homologue of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (spltnpv-i *) was identified in the 4.0 kb ecori-l fragment of the viral genome. the nucleotide sequence of 2063 bp of this fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1014 nucleotides to encode a polypeptide of 337 amino acids. analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative orf indicated its identity with gp41 protein of other baculoviruses sharing maximum homology with that of ... | 2004 | 15663006 |
| identification of volatiles that are used in discrimination between plants infested with prey or nonprey herbivores by a predatory mite. | carnivorous arthropods can use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their herbivorous prey. in the field, carnivores are confronted with information from plants infested with herbivores that may differ in their suitability as prey. discrimination by the predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis between volatiles from lima bean plants infested with the prey herbivore tetranychus urticae, or plants infested with the nonprey caterpillar spodoptera exigua, depends on spider mite density. in this ... | 2004 | 15672666 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the pif gene of spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv). | defective viruses, not transmissible alone, increase the transmissibility of complete genotypes in natural populations of spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv). the defective phenotype is associated with a 15 kb deletion, which includes the pif (per os infectivity factor) gene. the sequence of a 2.4 kb fragment that includes pif was determined. multiple transcripts encompassing pif were detected by northern blot analysis. rt-pcr and nuclease protection analysis demonstr ... | 2005 | 15681073 |
| isolation and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis from potato-growing areas in bolivia. | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 116 samples collected in high altitude potato-growing areas in bolivia. in these regions, main potato pests are the potato tuberworm phthorimaea operculella, and the andean weevils premnotrypes latithorax and rhigopsidius tucumanus. b. thuringiensis was found in 60% of the samples. the main percentage of samples with b. thuringiensis was found in larvae of r. tucumanus (78%). bioassays were performed with 112 isolates. none resulted toxic to either larvae ... | 2005 | 15707864 |
| action of 24-epibrassinolide on a cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | the spodoptera exigua cell line se4 is sensitive for ecdysteroid activity stimulated by the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), showing a cease in cell proliferation (with 50% inhibition around 1 microm) and characteristic cell morphology changes with aggregation and formation of long filamentous cytoplasmic extensions. the bisacylhydrazine tebufenozide also triggered such typical cellular effects in se4, and in addition, it showed an affinity for binding in competition with 3h-pon ... | 2005 | 15717319 |
| maize genes induced by herbivory and volicitin. | in crop plants, both mechanical damage and insect attack trigger rapid changes in gene transcription. we investigated whether insect herbivory differs from a general wound response, and if so, is the induction specific to the pest/host plant interaction? herbivory by beet armyworm (baw; spodoptera exigua) caterpillars on maize results in a unique pattern of volatile compounds not triggered by wounding alone that attracts the generalist parasitoid cotesia marginiventris. caterpillar-induced volat ... | 2004 | 15724970 |
| the function of envelope protein p74 from autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in primary infection to host. | this research investigated the function of envelope protein p74 of autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) in primary infection to host. a p74-inactivation recombinant baculovirus, rac-gfp(delta) p74, was constructed by inserting gfp driven by acmnpv polyhedrin promoter into the p74 locus of acmnpv genome. bioassays showed that the p74-null occlusion bodies (obs) failed to infect its natural host larvae, spodoptera exigua, per os, while the p74-null budded virus (bvs) ... | 2005 | 15744572 |
| characterization of melanin produced by a wild-type strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | bt l-7601 is a uv resistant wild-type strain, which belongs to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. dendrolimus serotype h4a4b. it was isolated from nature, and produced a dark brown pigment during the exponential phase of growth. bt l-7601 had the ability to produce pigment in a general nutrition-abundant medium, which had no l-tyrosine. the pigment was identified as melanin based on chemical testing, its light absorbance, and ft-ir analysis. bt l-7601 has a strong resistance to uv light. after 30 min ... | 2004 | 15754243 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus from thysanoplusia orichalcea (l.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (thormnpv) that was co-isolated with a single nucleocapid thorsnpv from mixed infected larvae of thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptea: noctuidae) is characterized. scanning electron microscopy of thormnpv showed a dodecahedral-shaped occlusion body (ob). the occluded virions contained one to as many as eight nucleocapsids/virion. virion band profiles in gradient centrifugation were consistent in at least 10 rounds of centrifugation from different virion samp ... | 2005 | 15766929 |
| physical and partial genetic map of spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv) genome. | a nicaraguan isolate of spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv) is undergoing field trials for control of this pest in the americas. this isolate is composed of multiple genotypes, some of which are deletion mutants. identification of the genetic changes in deleted genotypes cannot be accomplished without the construction of a detailed physical map. in the present study, combinations of restriction endonuclease analysis and southern blot analysis was performed. this map w ... | 2005 | 15830159 |
| systemic induction of volatile release in cotton: how specific is the signal to herbivory? | plants attacked by herbivorous insects release chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivores to the damaged plants. feeding of spodoptera exigua larvae on the lower leaves of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) for multiple feeding periods of 9-12 h with a 12 h, interval in between when the caterpillars are removed overnight, will induce a systemic release of volatile compounds that is comparable to the volatiles released in response to continuous feeding damage on the lower leaves ... | 2005 | 15856281 |
| effects of quantitative variation in allelochemicals in plantago lanceolata on development of a generalist and a specialist herbivore and their endoparasitoids. | studies in crop species show that the effect of plant allelochemicals is not necessarily restricted to herbivores, but can extend to (positive as well as negative) effects on performance at higher trophic levels, including the predators and parasitoids of herbivores. we examined how quantitative variation in allelochemicals (iridoid glycosides) in ribwort plantain, plantago lanceolata, affects the development of a specialist and a generalist herbivore and their respective specialist and generali ... | 2005 | 15856784 |
| effect of aging on pheromone emission from a commercial beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) lure and trap efficiency. | the effect of aging on a commercial pheromone-based lure for attractiveness to male adult beet armyworms, spodoptera exigua (hübner), was assessed in terms of trapping efficiency and volatile emissions of two key components: (z,e)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol. in field assays conducted in the lower rio grande valley, texas, for 9 wk (june-august 2000) and for 8 wk (march-may) in tamaulipas, mexico, 0-1-wk-old lures collected greater than four-fold more male beet armywor ... | 2005 | 15889726 |
| the synergistic activity between cry1aa and cry1c from bacillus thuringiensis against spodoptera exigua and helicoverpa armigera. | to investigate the interaction between two crystal proteins, cry1aa and cry1c, for future development of biopesticides based on bacillus thuringiensis, toxicities of the two individual proteins and in combinations have been determined against spodoptera exigua and helicoverpa armigera larvae, and synergism between the proteins has been evaluated using synergistic factor. | 2005 | 15892743 |
| effects of ac150 on virulence and pathogenesis of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in noctuid hosts. | ac150 is expressed late during infection of cultured lepidopteran insect cells by autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. the ac150 gene product is predicted to have a molecular mass of 11 161 da and consists of a hydrophobic n terminus and a single 'peritrophin-a'-like domain, connected by a short region of charged amino acids. an ac150 deletion mutant and its parental wild-type virus were compared for differences in virulence by both oral and intrahaemocoelic routes of infection. ... | 2005 | 15914839 |
| major signaling pathways modulate arabidopsis glucosinolate accumulation and response to both phloem-feeding and chewing insects. | plant responses to enemies are coordinated by several interacting signaling systems. molecular and genetic studies with mutants and exogenous signal application suggest that jasmonate (ja)-, salicylate (sa)-, and ethylene (et)-mediated pathways modulate expression of portions of the defense phenotype in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), but have not yet linked these observations directly with plant responses to insect attack. we compared the glucosinolate (gs) profiles of rosette leaves of 4-w ... | 2005 | 15923339 |
| [establishment of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus bac-to-bac expression system]. | present studies describe the successful establishment of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) bac-to-bac expression system. the mini-f-lacz-atttn7-kan fragment (luckow et al, 1993) was inserted into semnpv us1 isolate (seus1) at polyhedrin gene locus by directly cloning. the recombinant virus containing low-copy-number mini-f replication, which named bacmid, can propagate in escherichia coli. because seus1 isolate is make up of several genotypes and one bacmid carries one ... | 2003 | 15969056 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca-resistant spodoptera exigua lacks expression of one of four aminopeptidase n genes. | insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells of susceptible insect larvae. aminopeptidases n (apns) from several insect species have been shown to be putative receptors for these toxins. here we report the cloning and expression analysis of four apn cdnas from spodoptera exigua. | 2005 | 15978131 |
| two groups of entomopathogenic bacteria, photorhabdus and xenorhabdus, share an inhibitory action against phospholipase a2 to induce host immunodepression. | photorhabdus and xenorhabdus are two genera of entomopathogenic bacteria having a mutualistic relationship with their respective nematode hosts, heterorhabditis and steinernema. one of the pathogenic mechanisms of these bacteria includes host immunodepression, which leads to lethal septicemia. it has been known that x. nematophila inhibits phospholipase a2 (pla2) to induce host immunodepression. here, we tested the hypothesis of pla2 inhibition using another bacterial species involved in other g ... | 2005 | 15979640 |
| molecular characterization of agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus from poland. | the turnip moth, agrotis segetum (lepidoptera, noctuidae), is an important pest insect in europe, asia, and africa. we have genetically characterized and classified a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from a. segetum larvae in poland (agsenpv-p). the restriction pattern of agsenpv-p was distinct from an isolate from england/france (agsenpv-uk and agsenpv-f). sequence analysis of three conserved baculovirus genes, polyhedrin, lef-8 and pif-2, revealed that agsenpv-p differs substantially from the alr ... | 2005 | 16055149 |
| identification and recombinant expression of a novel chymotrypsin from spodoptera exigua. | a novel chymotrypsin which is expressed in the midgut of the lepidopteran insect spodoptera exigua is described. this enzyme, referred to as sect34, represents a novel class of chymotrypsins. its amino-acid sequence shares common features of gut chymotrpysins, but can be clearly distinguished from other serine proteinases that are expressed in the insect gut. most notable, sect34 contains a chymotrypsin activation site and the highly conserved motive dsggp in the catalytic domain around the acti ... | 2005 | 16102414 |
| improved production of insecticidal proteins in bacillus thuringiensis strains carrying an additional cry1c gene in its chromosome. | a cryic gene, whose product is active against spodoptera exigua, was introduced into wildtype bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain ybt1520 using an integrative and thermosensitive vector, pbmb-flce, which was developed based on b. thuringiensis transposon tn4430 harboring a tnpi-tnpa gene. with the mediation of tnpi-tnpa, the cry1c gene was integrated into the chromosome of the host strain. to prevent secondary integration, the integrative vector was eliminated by moving recombinant cultures t ... | 2005 | 16116654 |
| two different bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes confer resistance to beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) in transgenic bt-shallots (allium cepa l.). | agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was applied to produce beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) resistant tropical shallots (allium cepa l. group aggregatum). a cry1ca or a h04 hybrid gene from bacillus thuringiensis, driven by the chrysanthemum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rubisco ssu) promoter, along with the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) driven by the camv 35s promoter, was employed for genetic transformation. an average transformatio ... | 2005 | 16145834 |
| common receptor for bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac, cry1fa, and cry1ja in helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and spodoptera exigua. | binding studies using (125)i-cry1ac and biotinylated cry1fa toxins indicate the occurrence of a common receptor for cry1ac, cry1fa, and cry1ja in helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and spodoptera exigua. our results, along with previous binding data and the observed cases of cross-resistance, suggest that this pattern seems to be widespread among lepidopteran species. | 2005 | 16151165 |
| pathogenesis of helicosporidium sp. (chlorophyta: trebouxiophyceae) in susceptible noctuid larvae. | helicosporidium sp. is a unique, achlorophyllous green alga that has been reported to infect various insect orders, including lepidoptera, diptera, and coleoptera. the infectious cyst stage is ingested by the host, ruptures in the midgut lumen, and releases a filamentous cell. histopathological examinations using larvae of a susceptible noctuid host, spodoptera exigua, showed both cysts and filamentous cells affiliated with the microvillar lining of the midgut epithelium. a considerable proporti ... | 2005 | 16297930 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel gene cry9ec1 encoding lepidopteran-specific parasporal inclusion protein from a bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain. | a novel delta-endotoxin gene from a lepidopteran-specific bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain was cloned, and the full sequence of the cry gene was determined. the cloned 6.5-kb dna fragment included the full sequence of the cry gene and three open reading frames located upstream of the cry gene. the gene, designated cry9ec1, encodes a polypeptide of 1154 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 130 237. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cry9ec1 protein had the h ... | 2005 | 16333339 |
| avidin, a potential biopesticide and synergist to bacillus thuringiensis toxins against field crop insects. | a meridic diet was supplemented with avidin at various concentrations to determine its effects on growth and mortality of three lepidopteran insects: helicoverpa zea (boddie), spodoptera exigua (hübner), and anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner). all insects were placed on diet immediately after hatching and observed until death or pupation occurred. at a concentration of 10 ppm, avidin had little or no effect on growth and mortality compared with the control. however at a concentration of 100 ppm almo ... | 2005 | 16334325 |
| removal of adsorbed toxin fragments that modify bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin iodination and binding by sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment and renaturation. | we report that 10- and 25-kda toxin fragments adhere to cryic prepared from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystals, block iodination, and alter membrane binding. there is no apparent affect on cryic toxicity against spodoptera exigua. associated peptides remained bound to cryic in the presence of 50 mm dithiothreitol or 6 m urea. a novel detergent-renaturation procedure was developed for the purification of b. thuringiensis cryic toxin. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) treatment followed by ge ... | 1994 | 16349357 |
| new cell lines from larval fat bodies of spodoptera exigua: characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | two new cell lines, designated iozcas-spex-ii and iozcas-spex-iii, were initiated from the fat bodies of larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in tnm-fh medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. the spherical cells were predominant among the various cell types and measures approximately 15 microm in diameter. the cell lines were mainly composed of tetraploid cells with chromosome numbers ranging from 116 to 131 (n=31). the cell lines were confirmed to have origi ... | 2006 | 16376374 |
| vegetative insecticidal protein enhancing the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki against spodoptera exigua. | the objective of this work was to enhance the insecticidal activity or widen the pesticidal spectrum of a commercial bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt1520. | 2006 | 16441373 |
| lack of detrimental effects of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins on the insect predator chrysoperla carnea: a toxicological, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. | the effect of cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis on the green lacewing (chrysoperla carnea) was studied by using a holistic approach which consisted of independent, complementary experimental strategies. tritrophic experiments were performed, in which lacewing larvae were fed helicoverpa armigera larvae reared on cry1ac, cry1ab, or cry2ab toxins. in complementary experiments, a predetermined amount of purified cry1ac was directly fed to lacewing larvae. in both experiments no effects on prey ... | 2006 | 16461715 |
| genome sequence of an enhancin gene-rich nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) from agrotis segetum: collinearity with spodoptera exigua multiple npv. | the genome sequence of a polish isolate of agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus (agsenpv-a) was determined and analysed. the circular genome is composed of 147,544 bp and has a g+c content of 45.7 mol%. it contains 153 putative, non-overlapping open reading frames (orfs) encoding predicted proteins of more than 50 aa, together making up 89.8 % of the genome. the remaining 10.2 % of the dna constitutes non-coding regions and homologous-repeat regions. one hundred and forty-three agsenpv-a orfs ar ... | 2006 | 16476975 |
| application of the pcr-rflp method for the rapid differentiation of spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus genotypes. | quality control during mass production of spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv), and studies on environmental fate following the use of this virus as a biological pesticide, would be facilitated by a rapid method for the detection and identification of isolates. a molecular biology tool was developed that combined the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) to differentiate semnpv isolates. oligonucleotide primers were designed to ampl ... | 2006 | 16494953 |
| medicago truncatula mutants demonstrate the role of plant calcium oxalate crystals as an effective defense against chewing insects. | calcium oxalate is the most abundant insoluble mineral found in plants and its crystals have been reported in more than 200 plant families. in the barrel medic medicago truncatula gaertn., these crystals accumulate predominantly in a sheath surrounding secondary veins of leaves. mutants of m. truncatula with decreased levels of calcium oxalate crystals were used to assess the defensive role of this mineral against insects. caterpillar larvae of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hübner show a c ... | 2006 | 16514014 |
| identification and characterization of odv-e25 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) odv-e25 is 684 bp long, potentially encoding 227 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 24.9 kda. homology analysis indicated that spltmnpv odv-e25 has 35-65% amino acid identity with that of other known baculoviruses. rt-pcr results revealed that the odv-e25 is transcribed actively at the late stage of infection and the mrna start site was mapped within a consensus baculovirus late promoter sequence (ttaag). western blot an ... | 2006 | 16525730 |
| caterpillar herbivory and salivary enzymes decrease transcript levels of medicago truncatula genes encoding early enzymes in terpenoid biosynthesis. | in response to caterpillar herbivory, alfalfa and related plant species defend themselves through the induction of saponin and volatile terpenoid biosynthesis. both these types of defensive compounds are derived from the metabolic intermediate, isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp). in plants, two distinct biosynthetic pathways can generate ipp; the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the plastid-associated 2c-methyl erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. in medicago truncatula, transcript levels of key reg ... | 2006 | 16525889 |
| development of bacillus thuringiensis cryic resistance by spodoptera exigua (hubner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | selection of resistance in spodoptera exigua (hubner) to an hd-1 spore-crystal mixture, cryic (hd-133) inclusion bodies, and trypsinized toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and b. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus was attempted by using laboratory bioassays. no resistance to the hd-1 spore-crystal mixture could be achieved after 20 generations of selection. significant levels of resistance (11-fold) to cryic inclusion bodies expressed in escherichia coli were observed after seven gen ... | 1995 | 16535038 |
| morphological, phylogenetic and biological characteristics of ectropis obliqua single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the tea looper caterpillar, ectropis obliqua, is one of the major pests of tea bushes. e. obliqua single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ecobsnpv) has been used as a commercial pesticide for biocontrol of this insect. however only limited genetic analysis for this important virus has been done up to now. ecobsnpv was characterized in this study. electron microscopy analysis of the occlusion body showed polyhedra of 0.7 to 1.7 mum in diameter containing a single nucleocapsid per envelope of th ... | 2006 | 16554721 |
| engineered bacillus thuringiensis go33a with broad insecticidal activity against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. | a recombinant plasmid pstk-3a containing cry3aa7 gene encoding a coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein was constructed and introduced into wild bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai g03, which contained cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ca, and cry2ab genes and was highly toxic to lepidopteran insect pests. the genetically engineered strain were named g033a. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis demonstrated that the cry3aa7 gene was expressed normally and pro ... | 2006 | 16572346 |
| effect of campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus cys-motif proteins on heliothis virescens larval development. | polydnaviruses are obligate symbionts of some parasitic hymenopteran wasps responsible for modifying the physiology of their host lepidopteran larvae to benefit the endoparasite. injection of campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (csiv) into heliothis virescens larvae alters larval growth, development and immunity but genes responsible for alterations of host physiology are not well described. recent studies of polydnavirus genomes establish that these genomes encode families of related genes express ... | 2006 | 16580679 |
| development of the insect pathogenic alga helicosporidium. | this study examined the morphogenesis and replication dynamics of the different life stages (cysts, filamentous cells, vegetative cells) of helicosporidium sp., a non-photosynthetic, entomopathogenic alga. the isolate (sjhe) used originated from an infected black fly larva. filamentous cell transformation into vegetative cells and autosporulation during vegetative cell replication were observed under controlled in vitro conditions. the transformation process was initiated by a partial swelling o ... | 2010 | 16677338 |
| characterization of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus orf100 and orf101, two homologues of e. coli chab. | chab, a putative regulator of chaa in escherichia coli (e. coli), and its homologues constitute a multigene family known to occur among bacteria, archaeabacteria and baculoviruses. the baculovirus spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus contains two homologues of e. coli chab, open reading frames (orfs) 100 (se100) and 101 (se101). rt-pcr and 5' race analyses indicated that transcription of both semnpv chab genes occurs by 24 h postinfection and is initiated at a late consensus ataag ... | 2006 | 16697484 |
| an experiment using neutron activation analysis and a rare earth element to mark cotton plants and two insects that feed on them. | studies on insect dispersal and other behaviors can benefit from using markers that will not alter flight and fitness. rare earth elements, such as samarium (sm), have been used as ingested markers of some insects and detected using neutron activation analysis (naa). in this study, samarium nitrate hexahydrate was mixed into artificial diet for boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), at different dosages and in water used to irrigate cotton, gossypium hirsut ... | 2006 | 16713273 |
| vip3a is responsible for the potency of bacillus thuringiensis 9816c culture supernatant against helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera exigua. | culture supernatant of bacillus thuringiensis 9816c had high toxicity against helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera exigua. however, it lost insecticidal activities after being bathed in boiling water for 5 min. acrystalliferous mutants of bt9816c (bt9816c-np1 and bt9816c-np2) cured of its endogenous plasmids no longer possessed vip3a gene and toxicity. the 89 kd protein which existed in bt9816c supernatant disappeared in the two mutants' supernatant; nevertheless, the two mutants still exhibited ... | 2006 | 16778351 |
| restraining erwinia virulence by expression of n-acyl homoserine lactonase gene pro3a-aiia in bacillus thuringiensis subsp leesis. | to widen the biological control function of a genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis subsp leesis strain bmb-005, an acyl homoserine lactonase (ahl lactonase) gene aiia transcribed by the promoter of insecticidal crystal protein coding gene cry3a, was transformed into strain bmb-005. the amount of ahl lactonase protein produced by transformant bmb821a was 2.4-fold more than that produced by bmb-005. ahl-degradation assay showed that transformant bmb821a could degrade more ahls molecules tha ... | 2006 | 16838380 |
| open reading frame 132 of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus encodes a functional per os infectivity factor (pif-2). | open reading frame 132 (ha132) of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hearnpv) is a homologue of per os infectivity factor 2 (pif-2) of spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. sequence analysis indicated that ha132 encoded a protein of 383 aa with a predicted molecular mass of 44.5 kda. alignment of ha132 and its baculovirus homologues revealed that ha132 was highly conserved among baculoviruses, with 14 absolutely conserved cysteine residues. rt-pcr indicated that ha132 was firs ... | 2006 | 16894194 |
| function of spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus late gene expression factors in the insect cell line sf-21. | we used a well established transient expression assay to test the ability of the baculovirus spodoptera exigua m nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) homologs of autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) late expression factors (lefs) to activate a late promoter-reporter gene cassette in sf-21 cells. this insect-derived cell line is fully permissive for acmnpv infection but not for semnpv. in the assay, 19 acmnpv lefs stimulate optimal levels of late gene promoter activity. semnpv lef-5 successfully replace ... | 2006 | 16901524 |
| gene expression and glucosinolate accumulation in arabidopsis thaliana in response to generalist and specialist herbivores of different feeding guilds and the role of defense signaling pathways. | glucosinolate accumulation and expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes were studied in response to four herbivores in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) wild-type (columbia) and mutant lines affected in defense signaling. herbivory on wild-type plants led to increased aliphatic glucosinolate content for three of four herbivores tested, the aphid generalist myzus persicae (sulzer), the aphid specialist brevicoryne brassicae (l.), and the lepidopteran generalist spodoptera exigua hübner. the lepidop ... | 2006 | 17049571 |
| metabolomic differentiation of brassica rapa following herbivory by different insect instars using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the metabolic alterations of brassica rapa (l.) leaves attacked by larvae of the specialist plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) and the generalist spodoptera exigua hubner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) were investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, followed by a multivariate data analysis. the principal component analysis (pca) of (1)h nmr spectra showed that metabolic changes in b. rapa leaves induced by the 2nd and the 4th instars were different from each othe ... | 2006 | 17080307 |
| effects of temperature on predation by the stinkbugs picromerus bidens and podisus maculiventris (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on noctuid caterpillars. | environmental risks associated with the use of non-indigenous organisms for augmentative biological control have received growing attention. in europe, the native pentatomid predator picromerus bidens (linnaeus) has been considered a potential alternative to the north american pentatomid podisus maculiventris (say) for the control of lepidopteran, coleopteran and hymenopteran defoliator pests. in the current study, prey consumption and developmental duration of the predatory stages of p. bidens ... | 2006 | 17092360 |
| influence of diet on the larval beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, glucose oxidase activity. | many researchers investigating plant-insect interactions maintain their insect colonies on artificial diet and assume that salivary enzymes and elicitors remain representative of natural situations. these salivary elicitors, such as the enzyme glucose oxidase (gox), play important roles in influencing plant defense responses. in fact, gox has been implicated in suppressing induced nicotine-production in tobacco plants (musser et al., 2002). in this study, we investigated the effect of artificial ... | 2005 | 17119630 |
| group i but not group ii npv induces antiviral effects in mammalian cells. | nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) is divided into group i and group ii based on the phylogenetic analysis. it has been reported that group i npvs such as autographa californica multiple npv (acmnpv) can transduce mammalian cells, while group ii npvs such as helicoverpa armigera single npv (hasnpv) cannot. here we report that acmnpv was capable of stimulating antiviral activity in human hepatoma cells (smmc-7721) manifested by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) replication. in contrast, the ... | 2006 | 17172054 |
| host plant resistance in romaine lettuce affects feeding behavior and biology of trichoplusia ni and spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | lettuce quality and yield can be reduced by feeding of several lepidopterous pests, particularly cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), and beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). host plant resistance to these insects is an environmentally sound adjunct to conventional chemical control. in this study we compared the survival, development, and feeding behavior of cabbage looper and beet armyworm on two romaine lettuce cultivars, resistant 'valmaine' and susceptible ... | 2006 | 17195688 |
| kinetics of plasmid transfer among bacillus cereus group strains within lepidopteran larvae. | the cry toxin encoding plasmid pht73 was transferred from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki kt0 to six b. cereus group strains in three lepidopteran (spodoptera exigua, plutella xyllostella and helicoverpa armigera) larvae by conjugation. the conjugation kinetics of the plasmid was precisely studied during the larval infection using a new protocol. the infections were performed with both vegetative and sporulated strains. however, larval death only occurred when infections were made wit ... | 2007 | 17216168 |
| cryopreservation of the late stage embryos of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | genetic devolution, genetic drift and contamination are all threats to maintain germplasm stability during mass rearing of many insects. cryopreservation of beet armworm (spodoptera exigua) embryos was studied to provide information to improve mass rearing. a series of experiments was conducted on late-stage embryos (45-48 h at 27 degree c) of the beet armyworm, which included evaluation of cryoprotectants (cpas), their toxicity and glass-forming tendency and optimization of experimental procedu ... | 2013 | 17256068 |
| [domain swapping of cry1aa and cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis influence crystal formation and toxicity]. | bacillus thuringiensis has been successfully used for agricultural pest and medical insect control with its significant benefits based on environmental and safety considerations. however, the deficiency of this pesticide, such as limited spectrum of insecticidal activity, low toxicity to the targets and the inducement of insect resistance, results in the urgent need to exploit new resources of b. thuringiensis or to modify known strains by genetic engineering. in this study, six recombinant baci ... | 2006 | 17302152 |
| cloning and expression of the gene encoding the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | diapause hormone (dh) and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban), two important insect neuropeptides, regulate insect development and sex pheromone biosynthesis, respectively. dh-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the suboesophageal ganglion (sg) of pharate adult of spodoptera exigua (spe) by using an antiserum against helicoverpa armigera dh. a full-length of spe-dh-pban cdna was obtained based on reverse transcription-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends strategies. ... | 2007 | 17364826 |
| variability of aliphatic glucosinolates in arabidopsis and their influence on insect resistance. | due to the sessile nature of plants they have to cope up dynamically with diverse biotic and abiotic stressors. plants developed diverse, complex defense mechanisms for dealing with their enemies, including the glucosinolate(gs)-myrosinase system of the brassicaceae and other families of the order brassicales. gs are classified by their precursor amino acid and aliphatic, aromatic, and indolyl gs are distinguished. indolyl gs are widely distributed in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) ecotypes and the b ... | 2006 | 17385519 |
| application of toxins from the entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, for the control of insects on foliage. | larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, and the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and nymphs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria were controlled by the application of either cell suspensions from the bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila or filtrates containing cell-free toxins. since there was no significant differences between the two treatments it was concluded that toxins produced by the bacterium were responsible for the lethal effects obtained. cells of xenorhabdus nemato ... | 2006 | 17390798 |
| diversity in pathogenicity of steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium for spodoptera spp. | pathogenicity of five isolates of steinernema carpocapsae (ger: germany, buw: becker underwood, kop: koppert, cz: czech republic, bel: belgium) were tested against the fourth instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis and the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 infective juveniles/cm2) in petri dishes (9 cm dia.) lined with filter paper. results obtained after 48 h exposure indicated that the pathogenicity ... | 2006 | 17390810 |
| molecular characterization of two pheromone binding proteins and quantitative analysis of their expression in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner. | pheromone binding proteins (pbp) play an important role in insect pheromone communication. however, the pbp for the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), an important agricultural pest worldwide, remains unaddressed. we report the cloning of two pbp genes, sexigpbp1 and sexigpbp2, from the antennal cdna of s. exigua by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends-pcr (race-pcr). the deduced pbp amino acid sequences are ... | 2007 | 17393279 |
| an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, inhibits hemocyte phagocytosis of spodoptera exigua by inhibiting phospholipase a(2). | phagocytosis is a hemocytic behavior against bacterial infection. an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, inhibits immune responses of target insects and causes hemolymph septicemia. this study analyzed how x. nematophila could inhibit phagocytosis to increase its pathogenicity. granular cells and plasmatocytes were the main phagocytic hemocytes of spodoptera exigua determined by observing fluorescence-labeled bacteria in the cytosol. x. nematophila significantly inhibited phagoc ... | 2007 | 17395196 |
| the class a chitin synthase gene of spodoptera exigua: molecular cloning and expression patterns. | chitin synthase (chs) is an important enzymatic component required for chitin formation in the cuticles and cuticular linings of other tissues. in the present study, a new chs gene was characterized from the beet army worm spodoptera exigua (hübner) (se). homologous alignment and phylogenetic analysis of s. exigua chs (sechs) with other related proteins suggest that sechs belongs to the class a chs family (sechsa). northern blot analysis revealed that sechsa is transcribed preferentially in the ... | 2007 | 17456436 |
| the transcription factor hig1/myb51 regulates indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | glucosinolates are a class of plant secondary metabolites that serve as antiherbivore compounds in plant defence. a previously identified arabidopsis thaliana activation-tagged line, displaying altered levels of secondary metabolites, was shown here to be affected in the content of indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates. the observed chemotype was caused by activation of the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene hig1 (high indolic glucosinolate 1, also referred to as myb51). hig1/myb51 was shown to a ... | 2007 | 17461791 |
| a novel dps-type protein from insect gut bacteria catalyses hydrolysis and synthesis of n-acyl amino acids. | a novel type of a microbial n-acyl amino acid hydrolase (aah) from insect gut bacteria was purified, cloned and functionally characterized. the enzyme was obtained from microbacterium arborescens se14 isolated from the foregut of larvae of the generalist herbivore spodoptera exigua. the substrates of aah are n-acyl-glutamines previously reported to elicit plant defence reactions after introduction into the leaf during feeding. the isolated aah catalyses the hydrolysis of the amide bond (k(m) = 3 ... | 2007 | 17504494 |
| the r2r3-myb transcription factor hag1/myb28 is a regulator of methionine-derived glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | methionine-derived glucosinolates belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that serve as chemoprotective compounds in plant biotic defense reactions and also exhibit strong anticancerogenic properties beneficial to human health. in a screen for the trans-activation potential of various transcription factors toward glucosinolate biosynthetic genes, we could identify the hag1 (high aliphatic glucosinolate 1, also referred to as myb28) gene as a positive regulator of aliphatic methionine-de ... | 2007 | 17521412 |
| fatty acid amides, previously identified in caterpillars, found in the cricket teleogryllus taiwanemma and fruit fly drosophila melanogaster larvae. | fatty acid amides (faas) are known elicitors that induce plants to release volatile compounds that, in turn, attract foraging parasitoids. since the discovery of volicitin [n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine] in the regurgitant of larval spodoptera exigua, a series of related faas have been identified in several other species of lepidopteran caterpillars. we screened 13 non-lepidopteran insects for the presence of faas and found that these compounds were present in adults of two closely relate ... | 2007 | 17566833 |
| interactions of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in genetically engineered cotton with predatory heteropterans. | a number of cotton varieties have been genetically transformed with genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to continuously produce bt endotoxins, offering whole plant and season-long protection against many lepidopteran larvae. constant whole-plant toxin expression creates a significant opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and bio-accumulate the toxin for higher trophic levels. in the present study we investigated movement of cry1ac toxin from the transgenic cotton plant through spec ... | 2008 | 17570072 |
| transient expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases encoded in cotesia plutellae bracovirus inhibits insect cellular immune responses. | several immunosuppressive factors are associated with parasitism of an endoparasitoid wasp, cotesia plutellae, on the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. c. plutellae bracovirus (cpbv) encodes a large number of putative protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps), which may play a role in inhibiting host cellular immunity. to address this inhibitory hypothesis of cpbv-ptps, we performed transient expression of individual cpbv-ptps in hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, and analyzed th ... | 2008 | 17646950 |
| molecular characterization and developmental expression of the gene encoding the prothoracicotropic hormone in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth), a neuropeptide hormone stimulating the prothoracic glands to synthesize ecdysone, plays an important role in regulating postembryonic development in insects. the cdna encoding ptth was isolated and sequenced from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (spe). the deduced amino acid sequence is composed of a signal peptide, a peptide (65 amino acids) of unknown function, and a mature ptth molecule (111 amino acids). the spe-ptth shows similarities (45.5%-70.3%) to ... | 2007 | 17653666 |
| identification of vip3a-type genes from bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a novel vip3a-type gene. | to search for novel vip3a proteins for controlling insect pests. | 2007 | 17868317 |
| repat, a new family of proteins induced by bacterial toxins and baculovirus infection in spodoptera exigua. | insect larvae spend most of their time eating and the digestive tract is the most crucial barrier for the entrance of many pathogens. in our study, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to compare spodoptera exigua midgut gene expression between larvae exposed to the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca toxin and non-exposed insects. based on the ssh results, full cdna sequences coding for four homologous proteins were obtained. quantitative and semi-quantitative rt-pcr showed the increa ... | 2007 | 17916497 |
| functional analysis of polyphenol oxidases by antisense/sense technology. | polyphenol oxidases (ppos) catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, the secondary reactions of which lead to oxidative browning and postharvest losses of many fruits and vegetables. ppos are ubiquitous in angiosperms, are inducible by both biotic and abiotic stresses, and have been implicated in several physiological processes including plant defense against pathogens and insects, the mehler reaction, photoreduction of molecular oxygen by psi, regulation of plastidic oxygen levels, auron ... | 2007 | 17960074 |
| transcriptional analysis of a major capsid protein gene from spodoptera exigua ascovirus 5a. | the major capsid protein (mcp) gene of spodoptera exigua ascovirus 5a (seav-5a) was confirmed by aphidicolin viral dna replication inhibition analysis to be a late gene. the 5' and 3' ends of mcp gene transcripts have been mapped. primer extension analyses indicated that transcription of the mcp gene initiates from a cytosine 25 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the translation start codon. two independent approaches by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (3' race) and oligo (dt) cellulose binding as ... | 2008 | 17978884 |
| influence of dietary nutritional composition on caterpillar salivary enzyme activity. | caterpillars are faced with nutritional challenges when feeding on plants. in addition to harmful secondary metabolites and protein- and water-limitations, tissues may be carbohydrate-rich which may attenuate optimal caterpillar performance. therefore, caterpillars have multiple strategies to cope with surplus carbohydrates. in this study, we raise the possibility of a pre-ingestive mechanism to metabolically deal with excess dietary sugars. many noctuid caterpillars secrete the labial salivary ... | 2008 | 17997409 |
| baculovirus envelope fusion proteins f and gp64 exploit distinct receptors to gain entry into cultured insect cells. | group ii nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs), e.g. helicoverpa armigera (hear) npv and spodoptera exigua (se) mnpv (multiple npv), lack a gp64-like protein that is present in group i npvs, e.g. autographa californica (ac)mnpv, but have an unrelated envelope fusion protein named f. three acmnpv viruses were constructed by introducing acmnpv gp64, hearnpv f or semnpv f genes, respectively, into a gp64-negative acmnpv bacmid. sf21 cells were incubated with different amounts of inactivated budded virus to ... | 2007 | 18024899 |
| selection for resistance to methoxyfenozide and 20-hydroxyecdysone in cells of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | in this report with an ecdysteroid-responsive cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (se4) selection for resistance against methoxyfenozide and the insect moulting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20e) was carried out to analyze the resulting resistant cells in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of resistance towards these compounds. from these cultures, five methoxyfenozide- and four 20e-resistant subclones were selected starting from 0.1 nm methoxyfenozide up to 100 microm and from ... | 2008 | 18044724 |
| identification of two entomopathogenic bacteria from a nematode pathogenic to the oriental beetle, blitopertha orientalis. | a pathogenic nematode, butlerius sp., was isolated from oriental beetle, blitopertha orientalis. the infective juveniles exhibited dose- as well as time-dependent entomopathogenicity on the larvae of b. orientalis. two bacterial species, providencia vermicola (kacc 91278) and flavobacterium sp. (kacc 91279), were isolated from the infective juveniles and identified. p. vermicola outnumbered flavobacterium sp. in the nematode host, in which the colony density of p. vermicola was found to be 21 ti ... | 2007 | 18050915 |
| production of recombinant polyhedra containing cry1ac fusion protein in insect cell lines. | insect cell lines and the control of infection for obtaining the maximum amount of polyhedrin-crylac-polyhedrin fusion protein from bactrus in monolayer and suspension culture systems were tested. growth rates of the trichoplusia ni (high-five) cell line in both culture systems were better than the other insect cell lines, spodoptera fiugiferda (sf-9, sf-21), trichoplusia ni (tn5), and spodoptera exigua (se301). the expression of the fusion protein in a monolayer culture showed that se301 cells ... | 2007 | 18051294 |
| identification and molecular characterization of novel cry1-type toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis k1 isolated in korea. | to clone novel cry1-type genes from the bacillus thuringiensis k1 isolate, about 2.4-kb-long pcr fragments were amplified with two primer sets of atg1-f/n400-r and 1beatg1-f/n400-r. using pcr-rflp, three novel cry1-type genes, cry1-1, cry1-7, and cry1-44, were obtained from b. thuringiensis k1 and the complete coding sequences of these novel genes were analyzed. the cry1-1, cry1-7, and cry1-44 proteins showed maximum similarities of about 78.0%, 99.7%, and 91.0% with the cry1ha1, cry1be1, and cr ... | 2007 | 18051348 |
| isolation and characterization of strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae containing two novel cry1-type toxin genes. | to identify novel crystal proteins, bacillus thuringiensis 2385-1 was isolated from korean soil samples and characterized. the h-serotype of 2385-1 was identical to that of subsp. kenyae (h4a4c), and its crystal toxin was bipyramidal-shaped. however, 2385-1 showed a much higher toxicity towards plutella xylostella and spodoptera exigua larvae than subsp. kenyae. in addition, the crystal protein profile and plasmid dna pattern of 2385-1 differed from those of subsp. kenyae. to verify the crystal ... | 2007 | 18062228 |
| eicosanoids mediate prophenoloxidase release from oenocytoids in the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua. | phenoloxidase (po) plays a critical role in insect immune reactions especially to form melanotic encapsulation and phagocytosis by hemocytes. po is an active form of prophenoloxidase (ppo) after proteolytic cleavage by serine proteinase(s). it has been suggested that eicosanoids are implicated in ppo activation in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. however, it is not clear how eicosanoids mediate the reaction cascade of ppo activation. this study analyzed the ppo activation mediated by eicosa ... | 2008 | 18070669 |
| susceptibility of spodoptera exigua to 9 toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | nine of the most common lepidopteran active cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis have been tested for activity against spodoptera exigua. because of possible intraspecific variability, three laboratory strains (fra, hol, and mur) have been used. mortality assays were performed with the three strains. lc(50) values for the active toxins were determined to the fra and the hol strains, whereas susceptibility of the mur strain was assessed using only two concentrations. the results showed that c ... | 2008 | 18082763 |
| novel isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis that produces a quasicuboidal crystal of cry1ab21 toxic to larvae of trichoplusia ni. | a new isolate (is5056) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis that produces a novel variant of cry1ab, cry1ab21, was isolated from soil collected in northeastern poland. cry1ab21 was composed of 1,155 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 130.5 kda, and a single copy of the gene coding for this endotoxin was located on a approximately 75-kbp plasmid. when synthesized by the wild-type strain, cry1ab21 produced a unique, irregular, bipyramidal crystal whose long and short axes were both ... | 2008 | 18083867 |
| parasitism by cuscuta pentagona attenuates host plant defenses against insect herbivores. | considerable research has examined plant responses to concurrent attack by herbivores and pathogens, but the effects of attack by parasitic plants, another important class of plant-feeding organisms, on plant defenses against other enemies has not been explored. we investigated how attack by the parasitic plant cuscuta pentagona impacted tomato (solanum lycopersicum) defenses against the chewing insect beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua; baw). in response to insect feeding, c. pentagona-infested ( ... | 2008 | 18165323 |
| molecular cloning, expression pattern and comparative analysis of chitin synthase gene b in spodoptera exigua. | the chitin synthase (chs) gene b (4781 bp) of spodoptera exigua (sechsb) was cloned by reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) and 3'/5' race from the midgut. sechsb contains an open reading frame of 4572 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 1523 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 174.6 kda. alignment of sechsb with class b chss of other insects showed a high degree of conservation in the putative catalytic domain region. the structure of the sechsb gene was analyzed and was f ... | 2008 | 18178495 |
| prey and non-prey arthropods sharing a host plant: effects on induced volatile emission and predator attraction. | it is well established that plants infested with a single herbivore species can attract specific natural enemies through the emission of herbivore-induced volatiles. however, it is less clear what happens when plants are simultaneously attacked by more than one species. we analyzed volatile emissions of lima bean and cucumber plants upon multi-species herbivory by spider mites (tetranychus urticae) and caterpillars (spodoptera exigua) in comparison to single-species herbivory. upon herbivory by ... | 2008 | 18185960 |
| gp64 of group i nucleopolyhedroviruses cannot readily rescue infectivity of group ii f-null nucleopolyhedroviruses. | the genus nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) of the family baculoviridae can be subdivided phylogenetically into two groups. the same division can be made on the basis of their budded virus (bv) envelope fusion protein. group i npvs are characterized by the presence of a gp64-like major envelope fusion protein, which is involved in viral attachment and the fusion of virus and cell membrane, and is required for budding of progeny nucleocapsids. group ii npvs have an envelope fusion protein unrelated to g ... | 2008 | 18198373 |
| phenolic metabolites in leaves of the invasive shrub, lonicera maackii, and their potential phytotoxic and anti-herbivore effects. | lonicera maackii is an invasive shrub in north america for which allelopathic effects toward other plants or herbivores have been suspected. we characterized the major phenolic metabolites present in methanol extracts of l. maackii leaves. in addition, we examined the effects of methanol-water extracts of l. maackii leaves on seed germination of a target plant species and on feeding preference and growth rate of a generalist insect herbivore. a total of 13 individual major and minor compounds we ... | 2008 | 18213496 |