Publications

[sarcolemmic membrane of various species: data on its enzymatic characterization and chemical composition].	a sarcolemmal enriched fraction, f1, was obtained from the skeletal muscle of rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus l.), hamster (mesocricetus auratus wateth.), chicken (gallus gallus l.), frog (rana ridibunda seoane), young carp (carassius carassius l.) and the marine crab (carcinus maenas l.). in this fraction, 5'-nucleotidase and na+ + k+-atpase (as membrane markers) showed higher specific activities than in the three other fractions separated after centrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose gradient; ...	1982	7146587
ecdysteroids and ovarian development in the shore crab, carcinus maenas.	mature ovaries of the shore crab carcinus maenas contain large concentrations of three major ecdysteroids which we have identified by physicochemical methods as ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone a. the fluctuations of ovarian and blood ecdysteroid concentrations are presented in relation to the various stages of ovarian development.	1981	7250902
[arginase characteristics in an ammoniotele].	arginase (ec 3.5.3.1.) is active in the hepatopancreas, gills and pincer muscle of the ammoniotele carcinus maenas. its activity in the hepatopancreas is mainly localized in mitochondria. the enzyme becomes inactive at 37 degrees c if the assay is carried out without previous incubation with mn2+; the optimum temperature for the fully activated enzyme is 47 degrees c. two fractions showing arginase activity can be separated on deae-cellulose at ph 8.3, the most active being eluted by a linear gr ...	1981	7295415
evidence for acetylated amino-terminal residues in hemocyanins.	the nh2 amino acid terminals of hemocyanin from carcinus maenas determined by the cyanate and by the dansyl-chloride methods gave very low yields. this gave values for the molecular weight which were abnormally high compared to those determined by physical methods. assuming that the nh2 terminals are acetylated, the number of acetyl groups (determined spectrofluorimetrically) accounts for all the amino sugars present in hemocyanin and for the nh2 terminals assuming that the molecular weight of t ...	1981	7317186
the ultrastructural basis of steroid production in the y-organ and the mandibular organ of the crabs hemigrapsus nudus (dana) and carcinus maenas l.	the ultrastructure of the steroid producing y-organ and the mandibular organ of the crustaceans hemigrapsus nudus and carcinus maenas has been studied with reference to the well investigated steroid secreting cells (ssc) of mammals. in accordance with the most important characteristic of mammalian ssc, abundant ser could be shown in the y-organ, where it is unevenly distributed. the amount of ser seems to vary in correlation with the secretion of moulting hormone during the moult cycle. most y-o ...	1980	7357597
depletion of neurosecretory granules and membrane retrieval in the sinus gland of the crab.	ultrastructural aspects of hormone release from the sinus gland of the crab carcinus maenas, have been studied by incubation of glands in vitro (i) in high potassium-containing media to induce hormone release; (ii) in a high potassium-containing calcium-free medium in which depolarisation but no hormone release would be expected; and (iii) in control saline. uptake of horseradish peroxidase into subcellular organelles was also studied. many neurosecretory granules could be found in the nerve ter ...	1980	7363307
studies on the apparent inhibition of the type-m pyruvate kinase from carcinus maenas (the common shore crab) by phospho-l-arginine [proceedings].		1980	7371925
conformational changes of carcinus maenas haemocyanin induced by urea.		1980	7396534
a steady-state kinetic analysis of the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-activated pyruvate kinase from carcinus maenas hepatopancreas.	1. an investigation of the reaction mechanism of the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-activated pyruvate kinase isolated from the hepatopancreas of the crab carcinus maenas was conducted. the enzyme was assayed in the presence of 500 microns-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, 75 mm-kcl and 8 mm-mg2+free at 25 degrees c. the results are consistent with a rapid-equilibrium random mechanism. 2. evidence is presented that suggests the formation of two mixed-substrate-product dead-end complexes, enzyme-adp-pyruvate ...	1980	7396817
the morphology and ultrastructure of tension receptors in the walking legs of the crab, carcinus maenas.	the tension receptor system of the crab merus consists of two size classes of receptor cell body distributed along one face of the flexor muscle apodeme. the receptors show the general arthropod mechanoreceptor structure of cell body, connecting cilium, and sheathed sensory processes, but there are several differences. many processes show convolutions, and the distal portion of the sensory process is embedded in the apodeme cuticle. the terminations of the sensory processes lack the usual struct ...	1980	7407882
fine structure and secretion of the capsule enclosing the embryo in a crab (carcinus maenas (l.)).	carcinus maenas oocyte is encased, at the end of vitellogenesis phase, by two superposed vitelline envelopes. if the outermost (envelope 1a) is relatively thin, the innermost (envelope 1b) is however five times much thicker. the envelope 1b, secreted mostly by the oocyte, contains proteinaceous material and a substance which strongly binds wga. the 1b material deposition is completed when the oocyte nuclear apparatus still has the characteristics of a germinal vesicle. after the secretion phase ...	1980	7414598
'endogenous yolk' as the precursor of a possible fertilization envelope in a crab (carcinus maenas).	after the egg attachment to a maternal ovigerous seta, the carcinus maenas embryo is enclosed in a tripartite capsule. the innermost layer (envelope 2) which is also the main part of this capsule, is generally detected after egg-laying and is most probably closely related to the fecondation phenomenon. the precursor material of envelope 2, arising from the egg by a massive and very fast exocytosis process, appears as numerous ring-shaped granules. these granules, originated from numerous cortica ...	1980	7434334
an investigation into the apparent inhibition by arginine phosphate of the activity of carcinus maenas type-m pyruvate kinase.	an enzymic synthesis utilising arginine kinase for preparing arginine phosphate in a high state of purity is described. the dissociation constant of magnesium arginine phosphate, determined by gel filtration, was 30.0 +/- 0.9 mm. that for potassium arginine phosphate was calculated to be 63.0 +/- 4.0 mm measured by the effect of potassium on the apparent magnesium dissociation constant. the effect of kcl on the reaction catalysed by the type-m pyruvate kinase from carcinus maenas (the common sho ...	1980	7448196
involvement of camp and cgmp in the mode of action of molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) a neuropeptide which inhibits steroidogenesis in a crab.	in crustaceans, production of molting hormones (or ecdysteroids) by the molting glands (y-organs; yo), is under negative control exerted by a neuropeptide, the molt-inhibiting hormone (mih). mih of the crab carcinus maenas inhibits in vitro steroidogenesis of basal (intermolt crab) or activated (premolt crab) yo. mih inhibits secretion of the two ecdysteroids synthesized by crab yo, ecdysone (e) secreted throughout the molting cycle, and 25-deoxyecdysone (25de), secreted during the premolt perio ...	1994	7523205
molecular cloning of a cdna encoding putative molt-inhibiting hormone from the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	a cdna library was constructed using poly(a+) rna isolated from eyestalk neural ganglia of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. the library was screened using a probe generated by pcr based on the published amino acid sequence of molt-inhibiting hormone from the shore crab, carcinus maenas. dna sequence analysis of one positive clone revealed a 339 bp open reading frame encoding a 78-residue putative molt-inhibiting hormone and a 35-residue signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence of c. sa ...	1995	7537497
quantitation of peptide hormone in single cultured secretory neurons of the crab, cardisoma carnifex.	the content of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) in single cultured neurons of the crab cardisoma carnifex was determined by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using purified chh (1-50 pg) of the crab carcinus maenas as standard. the somata were dissociated from the group of approximately 150 peptidergic neurons that form the x-organ--sinus gland neuroendocrine system. as previously reported, the neurons show immediate regenerative outgrowth in defined culture conditions ...	1995	7553771
molecular cloning of three distinct cdnas, each encoding a different adipokinetic hormone precursor, of the migratory locust, locusta migratoria. differential expression of the distinct adipokinetic hormone precursor genes during flight activity.	three distinct cdnas encoding the preproadipokinetic hormones i, ii, and iii (prepro-akh i, ii, and iii), respectively, of locusta migratoria have been isolated and sequenced. the three l. migratoria akh precursors have an overall architecture similar to that of other precursors of the akh/red pigment-concentrating hormone (rpch) family identified so far. the akh i and ii precursors of l. migratoria are highly homologous to the schistocerca gregaria and schistocerca nitans akh precursors. althou ...	1995	7559443
a highly conserved red pigment-concentrating hormone precursor in the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	a cdna library was established from the eyestalk ganglia of the blue crab callinectes sapidus. one clone was isolated (644 bp excluding the poly(a) tail) which encodes the red pigment-concentrating hormone (rpch)-precursor, consisting of the 25 amino acid residue signal peptide, the rpch, and a 73 amino acid residue rpch-precursor related peptide. this clone displays high sequence similarity with a clone isolated from an eyestalk cdna library of the shore crab carcinus maenas, in accordance with ...	1995	7611999
a convenient synthesis of 25-deoxyecdysone, a major secretory product of crustacean y-organs and of 2,25-dideoxyecdysone, its putative immediate precursor.	25-deoxyecdysone, a major secretory product of y-organs of at least several species of crustaceans and the immediate precursor of circulating ponasterone a in these animals, can easily be synthesized from ecdysone. the present four-step procedure involves the formation of a mixture of delta 24,25 and delta 25,26 intermediates which might also be used to prepare a labeled reference compound for metabolic or binding studies. similarly, 2,25-dideoxyecdysone was prepared from 2-deoxyecdysone. these ...	1995	7618184
occurrence of analogues of the myotropic neuropeptide orcokinin in the shore crab, carcinus maenas: evidence for a novel neuropeptide family.	by use of an enzyme immunoassay that was developed for the determination of orcokinin, a myotropic neuropeptide of the sequence nfdeidrsgfgfn from the crayfish, orconectes limosus, immunoreactive material was detected in extracts of thoracic ganglia from the shore crab, carcinus maenas. isolation of the immunoreactive material was achieved by the following steps: 1) prepurification by gel filtration, 2) immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-orcokinin igg protein-a sepharose column, and 3) rev ...	1995	7716076
modulation of membrane fluidity and lipidic metabolism in transformed rat fibroblasts induced by the sesquiterpenic hormone farnesylacetone.	farnesylacetone is a natural terpene extracted from androgenic glands of the crustacean carcinus maenas and is capable of inhibiting proliferation, notably in transformed mammalian cells. flow cytometry with three lipophilic probes, diphenylhexatriene, trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene, and nile red, has revealed modifications of the lipidic metabolism in transformed fr3t3-mtt4 rat fibroblasts treated by farnesylacetone, including changes in membrane fluidity. farnesylacetone strongly increas ...	1995	7736867
cu(ii) coordination in arthropod and mollusk green half-methemocyanins analyzed by electron spin-echo envelope modulation spectroscopy.	hemocyanin (hc) is a dinuclear copper protein that binds oxygen reversibly. the structure of the cu(ii) site in a derivative of hemocyanin known as green half-met (ghm) has been analyzed using the pulsed epr technique of electron spin-echo envelope modulation (eseem) spectroscopy. the derivative, prepared by treating the native protein with nitrite at low ph, contains a mixed-valent binuclear copper center. it was shown through chemical assays and the ligand exchange reaction products identified ...	1995	7849010
structural characterization of mononuclear cu(ii) and its nitrite complex in the active site of carcinus maenas hemocyanin.	the preparation of a mononuclear cu(ii) derivative of carcinus maenas hemocyanin (cu(ii)-hc) and a nitrite complex of the derivative (cu(ii)-hc-no2-) are described. several techniques have been used in their characterization, including x-ray absorption, continuous wave (cw) epr, and electron spin-echo envelope modulation (eseem) spectroscopies. exafs results for cu(ii)-hc indicate the presence of three ligands at 1.99 +/- 0.01 a and a fourth one at 2.26 +/- 0.01 a from the copper. the same coord ...	1995	7849011
comparison of antibacterial activity in the hemocytes of different crustacean species.	antibacterial activity in hemocytes of the squat lobster, galathea strigosa, the norway lobster, nephrops norvegicus, the common shrimp, crangon crangon, and the giant antarctic isopod, glyptonotus antarcticus, was investigated in vitro. for all species, the marine bacterium, psychrobacter immobilis, was used as the test organism, although with g. antarcticus, the gram positive bacteria, planococcus citreus and bs 68 (an isolate from antarctic waters), were also used. hemocyte lysate supernatant ...	1995	7866773
calcium transport in gill plasma membranes of the crab carcinus maenas: evidence for carriers driven by atp and a na+ gradient.	a procedure was developed for the preparation of inside-out vesicles from plasma membranes isolated from the branchial epithelium of the green shore crab carcinus maenas (l.). procedures normally applied to fish branchial epithelium required the introduction of an additional hypotonic shock to obtain a preparation containing 22% inside-out vesicles, 33% right-side-out vesicles and 45% leaky membrane fragments. in such membrane preparations, the first direct evidence for uphill (against a [ca2+] ...	1994	7964408
molecular cloning of two pigment-dispersing hormone (pdh) precursors in the blue crab callinectes sapidus reveals a novel member of the pdh neuropeptide family.	a cdna library was established from the eyestalk ganglia of the blue crab callinectes sapidus. screening resulted in the isolation of a clone (497 bp excluding poly(a) tail) which encodes a beta-pdh previously found in several crustacean species. it displays high sequence similarity with a clone isolated from an eyestalk cdna library of the shore crab carcinus maenas, indicating the close phylogenetic relationship of both species. a second clone (414 bp exclusive of the poly(a) tail) encodes a n ...	1994	7999056
membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase from the crab gill: purification, characterization, and comparison with mammalian cas.	carbonic anhydrase (ca) was purified from the gills of the shore crab carcinus maenas using affinity chromatography and hplc. the predominantly membrane-bound ca was found to share several features with mammalian ca iv. its apparent molecular weight of 36 kda was reduced to 33 kda by treatment with pngase f, suggesting that crab ca is a glycoprotein with one n-linked oligosaccharide chain. more than half of the membrane-bound crab ca was released from membranes by treatment with a phosphatidylin ...	1994	8037456
opsonic activity of cell adhesion proteins and beta-1,3-glucan binding proteins from two crustaceans.	a beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (beta gbp) from the shore crab carcinus maenas was purified from plasma by precipitation of the protein at low ionic strength. the protein had a molecular mass of 110 kda, and was shown to affinity precipitate with laminarin, a soluble beta-1,3-glucan, and to cross-react with an antiserum directed toward beta gbp from the crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus. also, a protein from the haemocytes of c. maenas with a molecular mass of 80 kda was found to mediate cell ...	1994	8050614
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna encoding a molt-inhibiting hormone-like neuropeptide from the white shrimp penaeus vannamei.	the x-organ of the eyestalk in crustaceans is a source of neurosecretory peptides. total rna was isolated from x-organs of the white shrimp penaeus vannamei and used to clone a cdna encoding a molt-inhibiting hormone-like (mih-like) neuropeptide by the 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. sequence analysis of the 470-bp cdna reveals a 306-bp open reading frame and a 164-bp 3' untranslated region. the deduced polypeptide consists of a 72-amino acid mature peptide and a 30-ami ...	1994	8055060
changes in the brain levels of gaba and related amino acids in anoxic shore crab (carcinus maenas).	the effects of anoxia on the brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, alanine, and taurine were measured in the shore crab (carcinus maenas) and compared with data previously obtained from anoxia-tolerant vertebrates. c. maenas was found to survive 12 h in nitrogen-bubbled water. the changes found in brain amino acid levels were strikingly similar to those seen in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates. thus, during anoxia, the brain of c. maenas displayed co ...	1993	8097386
purification and characterization of a cadmium-induced metallothionein from the shore crab carcinus maenas (l.).	two metallothionein variants were purified from the midgut gland of crabs (carcinus maenas) exposed to a high cadmium concentration (2 p.p.m.). one of the variants was purified from crabs exposed to a low cadmium concentration (0.5 p.p.m.). the purification method involved acetone precipitation, gel filtration and reversed-phase h.p.l.c. the complete amino acid sequences of both variants have been elucidated by m.s. and automated sequence analysis on s-methylated proteins or fragments produced b ...	1994	8110201
isolation and identification of a cardioactive peptide from tenebrio molitor and spodoptera eridania.	we isolated several cardioactive peptides from extracts of whole heads of the mealworm, tenebrio molitor, and the southern armyworm, spodoptera eridania, using a semi-isolated heart of manduca sexta for bioassay. we have now isolated from each species the peptide with the strongest effect on rate of contraction of the heart. the peptides were identified using micro edman sequencing and mass spectrometric methods. this cardioactive peptide has the same primary structure from both species: pro-phe ...	1993	8129851
the involvement of a cyclic nucleotide secondary messenger system in the prophenoloxidase cascade of the crustacean, carcinus maenas.		1993	8132040
effects of crustacean hyperglycemic hormones from carcinus maenas and orconectes limosus on blood and muscle glucose and glycogen concentration of chasmagnathus granulata.	the effects of purified crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (chh) from carcinus maenas or orconectes limosus, and of eyestalk extract of chasmagnathus granulata on the blood and muscle glucose and glycogen concentration of chasmagnathus granulata were investigated. different groups of animals (at least 7 animals per group) were injected with chh from either c. maenas or o. limosus chh dissolved in saline (16 pmol/animal) or crude eyestalk extract of c. granulata (1 eyestalk equivalent/animal). all ...	1993	8136730
effects of scaphognathite nerve stimulation on the acutely deafferented crab ventilatory central pattern generator.	1. sensory axons from crab (carcinus maenas) scaphognathites enter the thoracic ganglion primarily via the lnb branch of the levator nerve. the lna branch of the levator nerve and the depressor nerve each contain relatively few sensory axons. 2. acutely deafferented ventilatory central pattern generators show a free running burst rate which is lower than that observed in intact crabs. electrical stimulation of the levator nerve, or of its lnb branch, increases the burst rate in a frequency depen ...	1994	8145190
degeneration of afferent neurons and long-term stability of the ventilatory central pattern generator in chronically deafferented crabs.	1. the effects of chronic deafferentation, 3-180 days, are tested on the function and morphology of the crab (carcinus maenas) ventilatory central pattern generator (cpgv). almost all afferent axons are carried in the mixed sensory/motor levator nerve. the ability to speed the cpgv cycle rate by stimulating this nerve (wilkens and dicaprio 1994) decreases as the afferent neurons degenerate. stimulation of the levator nerve eliminates motor units from the output even after 60 days of deafferentat ...	1994	8145191
cardiac performance in semi-isolated heart of the crab carcinus maenas.	a semi-isolated, in situ heart preparation of the shore crab, carcinus maenas, supported by its alary ligaments, pumps vigorously for hours at a mean heart rate of 49.7 beats/min and cardiac output of 30 ml.kg-1.min-1. these hearts show no adaptive responses to changes in pericardial sinus pressure, outflow resistance, or afterload. direct perfusion-induced stretch of the heart wall causes increases in contractile force but minimal changes in heart rate. stroke work and power are lower than comp ...	1994	8160871
binocular interaction in the optokinetic system of the crab carcinus maenas (l.): optokinetic gain modified by bilateral image flow.	we recorded optokinetic eye movements of the crab, carcinus maenas, in split-drum experiments. the patterns were either oscillated in antiphase on both sides mimicking translational image flow or they were oscillated in phase producing rotational image flow. eye movements elicited by the rotational stimulus were larger than those produced by the pseudotranslational pattern movements. the smaller response to the latter is mainly a consequence of binocular interaction, the strength of which depend ...	2003	8217937
molecular cloning of crustacean putative molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) precursor.	a cdna encoding the complete precursor of the putative molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) of the shore crab, carcinus maenas, was isolated and sequenced. the precursor consists of a putative 35 amino acid signal peptide and the 78 amino acid mature mih. the deduced mih amino acid sequence is in complete agreement with the sequence previously determined by edman degradation. in situ hybridization revealed mih-expression in a subpopulation of large neurosecretory perikarya of the medulla terminalis x-o ...	1993	8224217
crustacean cardioactive peptide in the sphinx moth, manduca sexta.	the isolation, identification, and actions of crustacean cardiactive peptide (ccap) have been examined in the sphinx moth manduca sexta. a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to quantify ccap-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system. the ccap-like immunoreactivity from the abdominal cns was then purified, and its sequence was ascertained by amino acid analysis, mass spectral analysis, and hplc. these studies showed that the nervous system of m. sexta cont ...	1993	8234018
an x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy study of metal coordination in co(ii)-substituted carcinus maenas hemocyanin.	high-resolution x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used to characterize the metal sites in three different cobalt-substituted derivatives of carcinus maenas hemocyanin (hc), including a mononuclear cobalt, a dinuclear cobalt and a copper-cobalt hybrid derivative. co(ii) model complexes with structures exemplifying octahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, pseudo-tetrahedral, and square planar geometries were also studied. the results provide structural information about the metal bind ...	1993	8312502
demonstration of co-resistance of haemonchus contortus to ivermectin and moxidectin.	studies were conducted to determine whether organisms which are resistant to ivermectin are also resistant to moxidectin. the mechanisms of action of moxidectin and ivermectin were compared by measuring the changes in membrane conductance they induced in leg muscle fibres of the common shore crab (pachygrapsus crassipes) by using standard micro-electrode techniques. meriones unguiculatus (jirds) were infected with ivermectin-resistant or -susceptible strains of haemonchus contortus, treated with ...	1993	8362470
molecular cloning of crustacean red pigment concentrating hormone precursor.	a cdna encoding the precursor of the red pigment concentrating hormone (rpch) of the shore crab, carcinus maenas, was isolated and sequenced. the predicted preprohormone sequence consists of a putative 25 amino acid signal peptide, the eight amino acid rpch sequence followed by a gly as amide donor, a dibasic processing site and a 74 residue peptide of unknown function, referred to as rpch-precursor-related peptide (rprp). in in situ hybridisation experiments, the rpch gene transcript could be l ...	1993	8373416
high-affinity binding of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) to hepatopancreatic plasma membranes of the crab carcinus maenas and the crayfish orconectes limosus.	the binding properties of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) of two species, the shore crab, carcinus maenas (brachyura) and the crayfish, orconectes limosus (astacura), were investigated using purified plasma membranes of one of the main target organs, the hepatopancreas. assays were performed under equilibrium binding conditions with 125i-chh as labeled ligand and unlabeled chh in increasing concentrations as displacing ligand. in both cases, comparable binding characteristics were obs ...	2011	8382808
in vitro superoxide production by hyaline cells of the shore crab carcinus maenas (l.).	this study examines the phagocytic hyaline cells of the shore crab, carcinus maenas, for a respiratory burst in vitro. following stimulation of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate (pma), ferricytochrome c was reduced at 550 nm. addition of superoxide dismutase (sod) to the reaction mixture decreased this reduction, confirming that superoxide ions are produced by the stimulated hemocytes. phytohemagglutinin, con a, and lps were also shown to stimulate the cells although laminarin failed to e ...	2014	8392007
autoradiographic localization of opioid binding sites combined with immunogold detection of leu-enkephalin, crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone and moult inhibiting hormone at the electron microscopic level in the sinus gland of the shore crab, carcinus maenas.	double labelling experiments were performed on the same tissue section at the electron microscopic level, in order to show the involvement of the opioid leucine-enkephalin (leu-enk) in the modulation of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (chh) mobilization. both neuropeptides were stored in distinct axon terminals of the sinus gland of carcinus maenas. a post-embedding immunogold cytochemical technique for leu-enk, chh and the chh neurohormone related moult inhibiting hormone (mih) was combined w ...	1993	8392990
primary structure of the major isomorph of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh-i) from the sinus gland of the mexican crayfish procambarus bouvieri (ortmann): interspecies comparison.	the amino acid sequence of this neuropeptide was elucidated by means of a combined approach of enzymatic digestions, manual and automatic edman degradations, and mass spectrometry. it is a 72 residue peptide (molecular mass 8388 da), with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges connecting residues 7-43, 23-39, and 26-52, with blocked n- and c-termini, and lacking the amino acids histidine, methionine, and tryptophan. the chh-i of procambarus bouvieri is compared with the other known chhs f ...	2011	8441709
the binding of cd(ii) to the hemocyanin of the mediterranean crab carcinus maenas.	the interaction of carcinus hemocyanin with cd(ii) was studied. the incubation of the apoprotein with the metal yields a derivative containing 1 g-at. of edta-stable cd(ii) per 75 kda. spectroscopic data ruled out cd(ii) coordination to tryptophan or cysteine residues. the optical activity and fluorescence properties of the protein are affected by cd(ii) binding and indicate a rearrangement of tryptophan residues. the poor cd(ii) binding to the oxy-form and the resistance of cd(ii)-hemocyanin to ...	1993	8470909
quantification, immunoaffinity purification and sequence analysis of a pigment-dispersing hormone of the shore crab, carcinus maenas (l.).	1. a sensitive sandwich-elisa for pigment-dispersing hormone (pdh) with a detection limit of approximately 5 fmol per well has been developed using primary igg and secondary biotinylated igg fractions from an antiserum against beta-pdh and streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate for detection. 2. elisa determinations in different parts of the central nervous system of the shore crab carcinus maenas revealed maximum levels of 15.1 pmol immunoreactive pdh in the two eyestalk ganglia of one crab, 3.6 pmo ...	1993	8472537
high-level secretion of hirudin by hansenula polymorpha--authentic processing of three different preprohirudins.	a dna sequence coding for a subtype of the hirudin variant hv1 was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast hansenula polymorpha from a strongly inducible promoter element derived from a gene of the methanol metabolism pathway. for secretion, the coding sequence was fused to the kex2 recognition site of three different prepro segments engineered from the mf alpha 1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae, the glucoamylase (gam1) gene of schwanniomyces occidentalis and the gene for a crustacean hyperglycem ...	1995	8597538
the o-diphenol oxidase activity of arthropod hemocyanin.	arthropod hemocyanin (isolated from the crab carcinus maenas and the lobster homarus americanus) is usually referred to as an oxygen transport-storage protein. the protein, however, also catalyses with low efficiency the oxidation of o-diphenol to quinone, similarly to tyrosinase (monophenol, o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase). the enzymatic parameters of hemocyanin are affected by the aggregation state of the protein; namely v(max) exhibited by a dissociated subunit is one order of magnitude gre ...	1996	8617365
infestation of an introduced host, the european green crab, carcinus maenas, by a symbiotic nemertean egg predator, carcinonemertes epialti.	the recent introduction of the european green crab, carcinus maenas, to the west coast of the u.s. has provided an opportunity for host transfer of the symbiotic nemertean egg predator, carcinonemertes epialti, from its native shore crab host, hemigrapsus oregonensis to the exotic c. maenas. two surveys of c. maenas in bodega harbor, california, revealed that, in march 1995 prevalence of c. epialti on c. maenas was significantly lower than on h. oregonensis (11% versus 74%), but in november 1995 ...	1996	8636851
complete primary structure of the molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) of the mexican crayfish procambarus bouvieri (ortmann).	the amino acid sequence of mih was elucidated by means of digestions with specific proteases, manual edman degradation, and mass spectrometry. mih consists of a 72-residue peptide chain (molecular mass 8322 da) with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that connect residues 7-43, 23-39, and 26-52. it has blocked n- and c-termini and lacks tryptophan, histidine, and methionine. mih shows striking similarity to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) isomorphs of procambarus bouvieri ( ...	1996	8735961
sensory characteristics of the p afferent neurone of the crab thoracic-coxal muscle receptor organ.	intracellular recordings were made from the p fibre, the smallest of the three afferent neurones innervating the thoracic-coxal muscle receptor organ of the crab (carcinus maenas). while the two larger afferents are nonspiking, the response of the p fibre to a trapezoidal change in receptor muscle length consists of a single action potential signalling the onset of stretch superimposed on a graded amplitude receptor potential. the p fibre is sensitive to the velocity of the applied stretch, but ...	1996	8765562
amino acid sequence of a peptide with molt-inhibiting activity from the kuruma prawn penaeus japonicus.	six major peptides (pej-sgp-i-vi) that belong to the chh family have been isolated from the sinus gland extracts of the kuruma prawn penaeus japonicus. by in vitro assay using the y-organ of the crayfish procambarus clarkii, pej-sgp-iv was found to be active in inhibiting ecdysteroid synthesis. we determined the complete amino acid sequence. pej-sgp-iv consists of 77 amino acid residues, with both free aimno- and carboxyl-termini. the sequence of pej-sgp-iv shows considerable similarity to that ...	1996	8801521
does the n-terminal pyroglutamate residue have any physiological significance for crab hyperglycemic neuropeptides?	a characteristic feature of all crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (chh) is that they are always present in the sinus gland as multiple forms or isoforms. the amino acid sequence of the minor form of chh from the green shore crab, carcinus maenas, was determined by automated microsequencing and ms, and was almost identical to that of the major form, except that the n-terminal residue was glutamine rather than pyroglutamate. limited analysis (electrospray ms and amino acid composition) of the two ...	1996	8841399
purification and characterization of a proline-rich antibacterial peptide, with sequence similarity to bactenecin-7, from the haemocytes of the shore crab, carcinus maenas.	antibacterial peptides are important for non-specific host defence in many animals. they have been extensively characterized from mammals, amphibians, insects and chelicerates but have not so far been found in crustaceans. here we report the presence of several constitutive antibacterial proteins, active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, in the haemocytes of the shore crab, carcinus maenas. these proteins have molecular masses of > 70 kda, approximately 45 kda, approximately ...	1996	8856051
sensory feedback and central afferent interaction in the muscle receptor organ of the crab, carcinus maenas.	1. an interaction exists between two proprioceptive afferent neurons innervating the thoracic-coxal muscle receptor organ (tcmro) of the crab, carcinus maenas. intracellular recordings were made from the extraganglionic regions of the afferents in order to characterize this interaction and its effects on sensory feedback. 2. a current-induced depolarization of the nonspiking t fiber of the tcmro results in a depolarization of the p fiber, a small-diameter (7 microns) neuron innervating the same ...	1996	8871199
crab clockwork: the case for interactive circatidal and circadian oscillators controlling rhythmic locomotor activity of carcinus maenas.	the circalunidian hypothesis that tidal rhythms in coastal animals are controlled by two lunar-day (c.24.8 h) oscillators coupled in antiphase is challenged. rhythmic locomotor activity patterns of the shore crab carcinus maenas, and probably of some other species too, are more economically explained by interacting circadian (c.24 h) and true circatidal (c.12.4 h) physiological oscillators. a testable hypothesis is proposed that combines a circadian promotor and a circatidal inhibitor of locomot ...	1996	8874979
purification, kinetical and molecular characterizations of a serine collagenolytic protease from greenshore crag (carcinus maenas) digestive gland.	a serine collagenolytic protease was purified from a water soluble fraction of greenshore crab digestive gland by acidic precipitation, gel filtration on a sephadex g-50 column, ion-exchange chromatography on a fractogel tsk deae column, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (imac) on ida (cu2+) sepharose 6b and ion-exchange chromatography on hyper d column. the molecular mass of the monomeric carcinus serine collagenase (csc) was estimated to be 23,000 by sds page and its isoelectric po ...	1996	8896334
opioid receptor types for endogenous enkephalin in the thoracic ganglion of the crab, carcinus maenas.	in crustaceans, the endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, are known to be concentrated in the thoracic ganglion, although they have been demonstrated in all parts of the nervous system. bmax and kd measurements have been obtained for the binding of ligands used to characterize delta- and kappa-type opioid receptors in vertebrates. high- and low affinity binding of [3h] [2-d-pen5-d pen] enkephalin ([3h]dpdpe) has been measured with a kd = 9.2 +/- 2.4 nm, bmax = 153 fmol/mg, and kd = 243 +/- 27 ...	1996	8899815
neuropeptide-induced inhibition of steroidogenesis in crab molting glands: involvement of cgmp-dependent protein kinase.	in crustaceans, ecdysteroid production by the molting glands (y-organs) is negatively regulated by a neuropeptide, molt-inhibiting hormone (mih). the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases in the mechanism of action of this neuropeptide was investigated with regard to the steroidogenic activity of carcinus maenas y-organs. regardless of the activity level, the major phosphotransferase activity measured in cytosolic fraction was cgmp-dependent, indicating a relatively high cytosolic c ...	1996	8921354
endocrine regulation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in the norway lobster, nephrops norvegicus, and the shore crab, carcinus maenas.	the present study examines the mode of action of eyestalk factors, in particular crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (chh), on known target tissues (muscle and hepatopancreas) in two decapod crustacean species, nephrops norvegicus and carcinus maenas. the possibility that receptors to chh are coupled to an elevation of cytosolic ca2+ derived from intracellular stores via activation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway was investigated. using an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (insp3)-specific competit ...	1996	8921359
evidence for the involvement of 3-oxo-delta 4 intermediates in ecdysteroid biosynthesis.	although the involvement of 3-oxo-delta 4 compounds as intermediates in arthropod ecdysteroid biosynthesis has been postulated for a long time, it has not yet been directly demonstrated. in the present study, 3-oxo-delta 4-steroids have been synthesized and incubated in vitro with dissociated moulting gland cells from the crab carcinus maenas. the tritiated compounds were converted into 3-dehydroecdysone, ecdysone and/or 25-deoxyecdysone, i.e. final ecdysteroids. this means that the 3-oxo-delta ...	1996	8973547
isolation and characterization of an adipokinetic hormone release-inducing factor in locusts: the crustacean cardioactive peptide.	a methanolic extract of 7000 desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) brains contains several factors that stimulate the in vitro release of adipokinetic hormone (akh) by glandular cells of locust (locusta migratoria and schistocerca gregaria) corpora cardiaca. the most potent one has now been fully identified. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight analysis revealed a mass of 954.6 da. the primary structure of the peptide, pro-phe-cys-asn-ala-phe-thr-gly-cys-n ...	1997	8977396
crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone in the nervous system of the primitive crustacean species daphnia magna and artemia salina (crustacea: branchiopoda).	crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone-immunoreactive neuronal systems are detected in the central and peripheral nervous systems of two entomostracan crustaceans, daphnia magna and artemia salina, by immunocytochemistry using specific antisera against crustacean hyperglycaemic hormones of the decapod crustaceans orconectes limosus and carcinus maenas. in d. magna, four small putative interneurones are detected in the brain. in the thorax, ten bipolar peripheral neurones are stained by both antisera. ...	1997	9023085
distribution of presumptive chemosensory afferents with fmrfamide- or substance p-like immunoreactivity in decapod crustaceans.	in five species of decapod crustaceans--cherax destructor (crayfish), carcinus maenas (crab), homarus americanus (clawed lobster), eriocheir sinensis (crab), macrobrachium rosenbergii (shrimp)--immunocytochemical stainings revealed the presence of sensory afferents with fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system. these afferents were extremely thin, very numerous, and innervated all sensory neuropils except the optic and olfactory lobes. in their target neuropils they gave ris ...	1997	9037486
sodium/proton antiporter in the euryhaline crab carcinus maenas: molecular cloning, expression and tissue distribution.	gill epithelial cells of euryhaline crustaceans demonstrate net inward transport of sodium ions, possibly via apical na+/h+ antiporters, na+/k+/2cl- cotransporters or na+ channels working in series with the basolateral na(+) + k(+)-atpase. we have identified and sequenced the cdna coding for a crustacean na+/h+ antiporter, starting with mrna isolated from gills of the euryhaline green shore crab carcinus maenas. the complete 2595-base-pair cdna includes an open reading frame coding for a 673-ami ...	1997	9104780
distribution of centrifugal neurons targeting the soma clusters of the olfactory midbrain among decapod crustaceans.	to determine the distribution of two systems of centrifugal neurons innervating the soma clusters of the olfactory midbrain across decapod crustaceans, brains of the following nine species comprising most infraorders were immunostained with antibodies against dopamine and the neuropeptides substance p and fmrfamide: macrobrachium rosenbergii, homarus americanus, cherax destructor, orconectes limosus, procambarus clarkii, astacus leptodactylus, carcinus maenas, eriocheir sinensis and pagurus bern ...	1997	9106436
involvement of a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in ecdysteroid biosynthesis.	ecdysteroid biosynthesis was analyzed in vitro using dissociated y-organ cells from the shore crab carcinus maenas. 3-dehydroecdysone (3de) was detected as a minor secretory product, in addition to the formerly identified end-products 25-deoxyecdysone and ecdysone (e). in conversion studies, 3de was formed from tritiated 5beta-ketodiol (2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone), 2,22-deoxyecdysone and 2-deoxyecdysone but not from e. further experiments were performed in order to understand the interconversions ...	1997	9140085
evidence for the involvement of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in the regulation of lipid metabolism.	effects of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone on total lipids in the hemolymph of chasmagnathus granulata and on free fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides in the hemolymph of carcinus maenas, as well as on their release by orconectes limosus hepatopancreas in vitro, were investigated. eyestalk ablation led to a significant decrease of total lipids in the hemolymph of c. granulata and of free fatty acid levels in c. maenas. crustacean hyperglycemic hormone injections completely reverse ...	2011	9237301
"exolysosomes," enzyme-containing vesicles in the ecdysial space of molting crabs.	free vesicle-like bodies (vlbs) present in the ecdysial space of cuticle regions undergoing degradation during preecdysis of the atlantic shore crab carcinus maenas have been interpreted either as infectious organisms or as secretion structures associated with degradation of the old cuticle. ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunocytological investigations were performed to test these hypotheses and to see whether vlbs are peculiar to this crab species. similar vlbs were systematically found i ...	1997	9245765
continuous neurogenesis in the olfactory brain of adult shore crabs, carcinus maenas.	to scrutinize the common belief that the number of neurons in the cns of adult decapod crustaceans stays constant, in spite of their dramatic postlarval increase in size, i counted olfactory projection neurons (opns) in the brains of differently-sized postlarval shore crabs, carcinus maenas, and performed in vivo labeling of proliferating cells with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdu) on brains of adults. the number of opns increases continuously throughout the postlarval life of shore crabs and appr ...	1997	9262167
contractile properties of a high-frequency muscle from a crustacean - activation patterns in vivo	1. the flagella of crustaceans are small appendages, borne on the maxillipeds, which beat repetitively when active. flagellar movement is brought about by contraction of a single muscle, the flagellum abductor (fa). 2. the stroke frequency of the flagella of the green crab, carcinus maenas, was about 11 hz at 15 °c and was relatively independent of animal size [frequency is proportional to (animal mass)-0.07], even though scaling considerations suggest that, for constant muscle stress, frequ ...	1994	9317764
contractile properties of a high-frequency muscle from a crustacean - contraction kinetics	1. the flagella (small appendages on the maxillipeds) of the crab carcinus maenas beat regularly when active at about 10 hz (15 °c). the beat of a flagellum is due to contraction of a single small muscle, the flagellum abductor (fa). the optimal stimulus frequency for tetanic contraction of the fa was about 200 hz. when the muscle was stimulated at 10 hz with paired stimuli per cycle, the interstimulus interval that maximized peak force was 24 ms, which corresponded well to the interspi ...	1994	9317795
neurosecretion of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone evoked by axonal stimulation or elevation of saline k+ concentration quantified by a sensitive immunoassay method	a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was utilized to quantify crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (as carcinus maenas equivalents) released by single x-organsinus gland systems of the crab cardisoma carnifex during continuous perifusion. basal rates of secretion (2060 pg min-1) were stable for at least 4 h. electrical stimulation (600 stimuli in 5 min) of the axon tract increased secretion two- to threefold, but only if it resulted in neural activity that was propagat ...	1994	9317835
contractile properties of a high-frequency muscle from a crustacean - mechanical power output	the mechanical power output during oscillatory contraction was determined for the flagellum abductor muscle of the crab carcinus maenas using the work loop technique. measurements were made at 10 hz, which is the normal operating frequency of the muscle. the temperature was 15 °c. increasing the number of stimuli per cycle (given at an interstimulus interval of 3.3 ms) decreased the number of cycles required to reach a work plateau and increased the work per cycle at the plateau to a maximum ...	1994	9317838
maintenance of motor pattern phase relationships in the ventilatory system of the crab	the central pattern generator responsible for the gill ventilation rhythm in the shore crab carcinus maenas can produce a functional motor pattern over a large (eightfold) range of cycle frequencies. one way to continue to generate a functional motor pattern over such a large frequency range would be to maintain the relative timing (phase) of the motor pattern as cycle frequency changes. this hypothesis was tested by measuring the phase of eight events in the motor pattern from extracellular rec ...	1997	9318763
the anaerobic endproduct lactate has a behavioural and metabolic signalling function in the shore crab	this study presents the first evidence that, in invertebrates, the anaerobic endproduct lactate has an alarm signal function and induces metabolic and behavioural responses as in the anuran bufo marinus. in support of this function, behavioural hypothermia was demonstrated in the shore crab carcinus maenas. the animals moved to a cooler environment when exposed to hypoxic conditions. a decrease in preferred temperature of the same magnitude was also found when normoxic animals were injected with ...	1997	9318817
active absorption of na+ and cl- across the gill epithelium of the shore crab carcinus maenas: voltage-clamp and ion-flux studies	mechanisms of active nacl uptake across the posterior gills of the shore crab carcinus maenas were examined using radiochemical and electrophysiological techniques. in order to measure short-circuit current (isc), transepithelial conductance (gte) and area-related unidirectional fluxes of na+ and cl-, single split gill lamellae (epithelium plus cuticle) of hyperregulating shore crabs were mounted in a modified ussing chamber. the negative short-circuit current measured with haemolymph-like nacl ...	1996	9319445
apparent water permeability as a physiological parameter in crustaceans	this article reviews the use of apparent water permeability (awp) calculated from measurements of isotope-labelled water flux as a physiological estimate of whole-body water permeability in aquatic invertebrates. the rationale and practices of awp calculations are described in an appendix. awp calculations have provided a wealth of information. however, the validity of the method and therefore also of the information obtained have been questioned. consequently, the use of awp data in discussions ...	1996	9320480
isolation and identification of multiple neuropeptides of the allatostatin superfamily in the shore crab carcinus maenas.	20 neuropeptides belonging to the allatostatin superfamily were isolated from extracts of cerebral and thoracic ganglia of the shore crab carcinus maenas. they were purified by hplc, monitored by radioimmunoassay and identified by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing. the allatostatins are characterised by a common c-terminal pentapeptide sequence -yxfgl-nh2. previously such peptides have only been reported from insects. in insects the variable post-tyrosyl residue is restricted to ala, a ...	1997	9461295
haemocyanin and the binding of cadmium and zinc in the haemolymph of the shore crab carcinus maenas (l.).	the trace metals cadmium and zinc are taken up from solution into haemolymph of the shore crab, carcinus maenas, where they bind to the respiratory pigment haemocyanin. investigations using fplc and page to separate the constituent dodecamer and hexamer aggregations of haemocyanin showed a difference between the distribution of cadmium and zinc between the two aggregate states. in the haemolymph, labelled cadmium binds not only to haemocyanin but, at least initially, it is also associated with l ...	1998	9646522
nitrogen metabolism of two portunid crabs, carcinus maenas and necora puber, during prolonged air exposure and subsequent recovery: a comparative study	carcinus maenas and necora puber were exposed to air for 72 h and 18 h, respectively, at 18 degreesc. nitrogen excretion, blood and muscle ammonia content and blood urate and lactate content were recorded throughout the experimental emersion and following reimmersion (recovery period). during emersion, the rate of ammonia excretion was strongly reduced in both species, while urea and amine excretion were not enhanced. blood and muscle ammonia content increased steadily, reaching 1.3 and 10.4 mmo ...	1998	9698586
induction and identification of cadmium-, zinc- and copper-metallothioneins in the shore crab carcinus maenas (l.).	shore crabs carcinus maenas were injected with either cd, cu or zn to determine whether different metals could induce specific metallothionein (mt) isoforms in the midgut gland. furthermore, the relative ability of the three metals to induce mt was quantified. accumulation of the three metals in the midgut gland caused variable and in the case of cd and zn significant increases in mt levels. the increase in mt levels (pmol g-1 midgut gland) per nmol of metal accumulated was determined as 90, 60 ...	1998	9827039
the force-velocity properties of a crustacean muscle during lengthening	muscle force during active lengthening was characterized for scaphognathite levator muscle l2b from the crab carcinus maenas. the muscle was tetanically stimulated and, during the peak of the contraction, stretched at constant velocity. the total strain was approximately 4 %, the strain rates ranged from 0.03 to 1.6 muscle lengths s-1 (l s-1), and the temperature was 15 degreesc. force increased throughout stretch. during low-velocity stretch, up to approximately 0.3 l s-1, force rose during iso ...	1999	9929461
a comparative immunocytochemical study of the hyperglycaemic, moult-inhibiting and vitellogenesis-inhibiting neurohormone family in three species of decapod crustacea.	eyestalks of the palinuran species jasus lalandii and panulirus homarus, and the brachyuran species carcinus maenas, were examined with antisera raised against purified crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (chh) of the astacidean species homarus americanus and procambarus bouvieri, as well as the brachyuran species cancer pagurus. other antisera used in this investigation were raised against purified moult-inhibiting hormone (mih) of c. pagurus and vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (vih) of h. amer ...	1999	9931363
pcr cloning and expression of the molt-inhibiting hormone gene for the crab (charybdis feriatus).	a pcr-based genomic dna walking technique was used to clone the gene for the molt-inhibiting hormone of the crab, charybdis feriatus. several overlapping genomic clones were isolated, and the mih gene for the crab was reconstructed. dna sequence determination of the overlapping clone reveals that the mih gene spans 4.3kb and consists of three exons and two introns. exons 1 and 2 carry a coding sequence for the signal peptide, and exons 2 and 3 consist of coding sequence for the mature peptide. t ...	1998	9931416
na+-k+-atpase and na+/ca2+ exchange activities in gills of hyperregulating carcinus maenas.	na+-k+-atpase and na+/ca2+ exchange activities were studied in gills of carcinus maenas in seawater (sw) and after transfer to dilute seawater (dsw). carcinus hyperregulates its hemolymph osmolarity through active uptake of na+, cl-, and ca2+. in dsw total na+-k+-atpase activity in posterior gills quadrupled; na+/ca2+ exchange specific activity was unaffected, and total activity increased 1.67-fold. short-circuit current (isc) in voltage-clamped posterior gill hemilamellae was -181 microa/cm2 in ...	1999	9950929
neurogenesis in the central olfactory pathway of adult decapod crustaceans.	based on the previous findings that the number of olfactory projection neurons increases continuously in adult shore crabs, carcinus maenas, and that this increase is associated with the presence of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (brdu)-positive, proliferating cells in the appropriate soma clusters (lateral soma clusters), we studied the further fate of these proliferating cells and the presence of apparent adult neurogenesis throughout the central olfactory pathway of diverse species of decapod crustac ...	1998	10049222
metabolic consequences of agonistic behaviour: crab fights in declining oxygen tensions.	the energetic consequences of fighting, which may depend on environmental conditions, can be an important factor shaping contest strategy and duration. energy expenditure may be costly to fitness because it depletes reserves that could otherwise have been allocated to reproduction, and metabolites are produced that may constrain subsequent activities. we examined the variation in the metabolic consequences of fighting in relation to hypoxia. contests were staged between pairs of size-matched mal ...	1999	10049475
the influence of oxygen stress on female choice for male nest structure in the common goby.	this study examines the role of dissolved oxygen in modifying female mate choice in the common goby, pomatoschistus microps. experimental manipulations of nests showed that under normal (saturated) oxygen conditions, females preferred to spawn in nests with the most elaborate construction, that is, those with the most sand on top and the smallest entrance. such manipulated nests proved less vulnerable to detection by an egg predator, the shore crab, carcinus maenas, but these small entrances may ...	1999	10053086
subunit composition and n-terminal analysis of arthropod hemocyanins.	fourteen structural subunits of hemocyanins from two different infraorders of crustacea, brachyura (maia squinado, carcinus maenas) and astacidea (homarus americanus) were isolated and characterized. n-terminal amino acid sequences were determined and compared with known sequences of crustacean and cheliceratan hemocyanins. relationships between the investigated polypeptide chains were established. the results demonstrate that the degree of identity, calculated from the amino terminal sequences, ...	1999	10327595
heterothermal acclimation: an experimental paradigm for studying the control of thermal acclimation in crabs.	a method for the study of the control of the attainment of thermal acclimation has been applied to the crabs, cancer pagurus and carcinus maenas. crabs were heterothermally acclimated by using an anterior-posterior partition between two compartments, one at 8 degrees c and the other at 22 degrees c. one compartment held a three-quarter section of the crab including the central nervous system (cns), eye stalks, and ipsilateral legs; the other held a quarter section including the contralateral leg ...	1999	10339617
in situ and in vitro identification and characterization of cardiac ganglion neurons in the crab, carcinus maenas.	the aim of this study was to investigate the intrinsic membrane properties and hormonal responses of individual central pattern generating neurons in the cardiac ganglion of the shore crab carcinus maenas. because the cardiac ganglion in this crustacean species is buried within the heart musculature and is therefore inaccessible for direct morphological and electrophysiological analysis, we developed two novel in vitro preparations. first, to make the ganglion accessible, we established a brief ...	1999	10368413
increases in tissue free amino acid levels in response to prolonged emersion in marine crabs: an ammonia-detoxifying process efficient in the intertidal carcinus maenas but not in the subtidal necora puber.	carcinus maenas and necora puber were exposed to air for 72 h and 18 h, respectively, at 18 °c. changes in the free amino acid (faa) content of their muscle, hepatopancreas and haemolymph were recorded during air-exposure and subsequent reimmersion. muscle and hepatopancreas urate contents and haemolymph serum protein levels were also measured during emersion. in air-exposed c. maenas, the muscle faa pool increased significantly within the first 24 h of emersion. this increase was due to an incr ...	1999	10409490
asymmetry and fighting performance in the shore crab carcinus maenas.	fluctuating asymmetries (left-right differences in symmetric traits) can be negatively related to fitness parameters in a number of biological systems. hence, it has been suggested that symmetric individuals should outcompete asymmetric individuals during intraspecific agonistic encounters. however, there is a lack of experimental evidence for such a relationship. we investigated the relationship between trait asymmetry (both directional and fluctuating asymmetry) and the outcome of agonistic en ...	1999	10458894
work-dependent deactivation of a crustacean muscle.	active shortening of respiratory muscle l2b from the crab carcinus maenas results in contractile deactivation, seen as (1) a decline of force during the course of isovelocity shortening, (2) a reduction in the rate of force redevelopment following shortening, (3) a depression of the level of isometric force reached following shortening, and (4) an accelerated relaxation at the end of stimulation. the degree of deactivation increases with increasing distance of shortening, decreases with increasi ...	1999	10460743
structure, distribution, and biological activity of novel members of the allatostatin family in the crayfish orconectes limosus.	in the central and peripheral nervous system of the crayfish, orconectes limosus, neuropeptides immunoreactive to an antiserum against allatostatin i (= dipstatin 7) of the cockroach diploptera punctata have been detected by immunocytochemistry and a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. abundant immunoreactivity occurs throughout the central nervous system in distinct interneurons and neurosecretory cells. the latter have terminals in well-known neurohemal organs, such as the sinus gland, the pericardi ...	1999	10477125
purification and characterization of a cysteine-rich 11.5-kda antibacterial protein from the granular haemocytes of the shore crab, carcinus maenas.	extracts of the granular haemocytes of carcinus maenas were subjected to ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase (rp)-hplc to investigate the presence of an antibacterial protein of approximately 11 kda. this protein was isolated, characterized and subjected to partial amino acid sequence analysis. it was found by mass spectrometry to have a molecular mass of 11 534 da, to be cationic and hydrophobic and active only against marine gram-positive bacteria. in addition its activity is stable ...	1999	10491079