Publications

effects of milbemycin oxime on adult hookworms in dogs with naturally acquired infections.	previous work indicated that adult ancylostoma caninum can be removed from experimentally infected dogs, using a formulation of milbemycin oxime at dosage of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight. to determine the efficacy of this treatment in dogs naturally infected with adult hookworms, 24 mixed-breed dogs with patent hookworm infections were purchased from an out-of-state vendor, and 6 male and 6 female dogs were assigned to either a control group or a group that would be treated. dogs were treated 10 day ...	1990	2316928
serum and neutrophils alter the rate of excretory/secretory antigen release by toxocara canis infective larvae in vitro.	infective larvae of toxocara canis are well suited for studies of nematode antigen expression in vitro. larvae were labelled with 3h-glucosamine, an approach permitting dual analysis of antigen quantity and composition. their excretory/secretory (e/s) glycoproteins were efficiently labelled and antigen identity confirmed by immunoprecipitation, sds-page and fluorography. compartmental analysis revealed that common components of mr 100-120 kd were present in somatic, surface and soluble material. ...	1990	2320380
[spectrum of species and infection frequency of endoparasites in bitches and their puppies in south germany].	toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, hookworms, trichuris vulpis, strongyloides, hammondia heydorni, sarcocystis spp., isospora canis and isospora ohioensis and/or isospora burrowsi of at least 9 species were detected in 100 randomly selected dog families in southern germany. examinations carried out 5 to 9 times at weekly intervals revealed a monoinfection in 37 litters, infection with two parasite species in 28 litters, with three species in 10 litters and with four species in 6 litters. during ...	1990	2326798
experimental infection of mice with toxocara canis larvae obtained from japanese quails.	the migration and distribution of toxocara canis larvae in the tissues of japanese quails, infected orally with 5 x 10(3) infective eggs, were studied, as well as the re-infectivity of these larvae in mice, inoculated with 50 larvae obtained from the liver of these quails. post-infection, the highest concentrations of larvae were found to be present in the liver of quails while only a few migrated to other tissues like lungs, heart, muscle and brain. the migration and distribution of the larvae ...	1990	2332284
unsuspected cerebral toxocara infection in a fire victim.	this report documents cerebral involvement by toxocara in a child who died in a fire. although visceral larval migrans caused by toxocara canis is relatively common, especially in the southern states, cerebral involvement rarely has been documented histologically. foci of inflammation, consistent with visceral larva migrans, were present in the liver.	1990	2340653
recovery of intraocular toxocara canis by pars plana vitrectomy.	pars plana vitrectomy has been used in cases of ocular toxocariasis to remove vitreous opacities due to chronic inflammation and to relieve vitreo-retinal traction causing macular distortion and retinal detachment. to date, the diagnosis of intraocular toxocara infection in vitrectomy cases has been presumptive, based on characteristic clinical findings, the presence of eosinophils, and corroborative immunodiagnostic tests. the authors report a case in which a vitrectomy for vitreopapillary trac ...	1990	2342813
[epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in france. 1. intestinal helminths in the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) from haute-savoie].	in the course of an epidemiological survey concerning the alveolar echinococcosis and its causative agent, echinococcus multilocularis, the autopsies of 150 wild red foxes captured in the department of the haute-savoie between december 1983 and august 1988 disclosed 139 cases of intestinal helminthiasis with cestodes and nematodes; no trematode was found. multiple infections were frequent. the cestoda recorded consist of the following species: taenia crassiceps: 44 cases (29%); echinococcus mult ...	1990	2344133
eosinophilic myocarditis in cba/j mice infected with toxocara canis.	in humans, chronic eosinophilia has been associated clinically with endomyocardial fibrosis and myocardial damage. mice infected with toxocara canis have a marked eosinophilia, and develop eosinophil-rich granulomatous lesions in the soft tissues of the body, especially the lungs, liver, brain, and skeletal muscle. few reports have described myocardial lesions associated with t. canis infections in mice. we examined the hearts of cba/j mice killed at weekly intervals over an 8-week period for ev ...	1990	2349964
infection of japanese quail with toxocara canis larvae and establishment of patent infection in pups.	migration and distribution of toxocara canis larvae in the tissues of japanese quail, infected orally with 5 x 10(3) infective eggs, and the establishment of patent infection from the quails to the definitive host, were studied. larval yield at necropsy from various tissues and organs of quail varied from 4.72 to 7.54% of the infective eggs inoculated within the period 1-60 days post-infection (pi). the total number of larvae recovered on different days showed a gradual increase. the percent ino ...	1990	2353428
effects of toxocara canis infection on hemopoietic stem cells and hemopoietic factors in mice.	the effects of toxocara canis infection on hemopoietic stem cells and hemopoietic factors were examined in mice. severe eosinophilia was observed with a peak 14 days after infection. when the numbers of hemopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were examined by spleen colony assay (cfu-s), those in peripheral blood and spleen increased in parallel with peripheral blood eosinophilia. on the other hand, cfu-s in bone marrow did not alter significantly throughout the cours ...	1990	2354867
[transplanted infections with toxocara canis as a model for the effectiveness testing of anthelmintics].	patent infections of adult dogs with toxocara canis induced by transplantation of immature, intestinal stages were examined for their suitability for testing of anthelmintics. each of 5 dogs were infected four times by transplantation of 80 immature, intestinal stages of toxocara canis. the dogs were treated with various anthelmintics of well established efficacy (pyrantel, nitroscanate, mebendazole, piperazine) 20 dpi. all anthelmintics tested showed the same efficacy as had been assessed earli ...	1990	2363327
[toxocara canis: frequency of detection and extent of infection in bitches of various breeds and husbandry and their litters in south germany].	epidemiological investigations of 100 randomly selected dog families in southern germany revealed eggs of toxocara canis in 67% of the litters and in 45% of the bitches. eggs were isolated from litters at the earliest on the 16th day and at the latest on the 55th day post partum, in bitches on the 19th and 60th day respectively after giving birth. with regard to the coproscopically detected frequency of t. canis eggs in separate analyses of the dog breeds, only slight differences were found; ver ...	1990	2377994
detection of taenia hydatigena copro-antigens by elisa in dogs.	a sandwich-elisa was developed for the detection of soluble taenia hydatigena antigens in fecal samples of dogs. affinity-purified polyclonal catching antibodies and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated detecting antibodies were employed, which had been obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized with excretory/secretory antigens derived from in vitro maintained adult taenia hydatigena. the assay allowed the detection of 800 ng t. hydatigena antigen g-1 of feces as a lower limit. six helminth-free dogs were ...	1990	2382393
[quantitative comparison of different methods for the detection of toxocara canis eggs in sand samples].	eleven techniques for recovering helminth eggs from sand and soil samples were tested for efficiency and suitability for routine use. the tests were done under standardized conditions on sand samples of 100 g contaminated experimentally with 10, 100 or 1,000 eggs of toxocara canis. best results were achieved by a flotation-sedimentation technique (stoye and horn, 1986) and by a sieving method (köhler et al., 1980), showing mean recovery rates of 43.1% and 41.4%, respectively. all other methods t ...	1990	2382516
demonstration of both immunologically unique and common antigenic determinants in dirofilaria immitis and toxocara canis using monoclonal antibodies.	using an elisa system, the immunological cross-reactivity between d. immitis and t. canis has been, for the first time, examined on an individual clone-by-clone basis. this study offers a definitive demonstration of the presence of immunologically distinguishable species-specific non-crossreactive antigens and the presence of cross-reactive antigens in antigenic extracts obtained from adult d. immitis and t. canis.	1985	2417400
isolation of specific antigens from angiostrongylus cantonensis. 1. preparative flatbed isoelectric focusing.	electrophoresis on sds gel and analytical isoelectric focusing showed that a crude extract of angiostrongylus cantonensis consisted of at least 40 protein components with molecular weights ranging from 13 000-70 000 and isoelectric points of pi values ranging from 3.7-10.0. crossed-immunoelectrophoresis with a hyperimmune antiserum to a. cantonensis showed at least 40 different antigenic components in the crude worm extract which were cross-reactive with those of ascaris suum, metastrongylus apr ...	1985	2417425
biochemical and immunologic characterization of a major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis infective larvae.	a 35 kd major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis third-stage larvae was characterized biochemically and immunologically. living larvae were iodinated by using iodo-gen, iodosulfanilic acid, lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase, and bolton-hunter reagents. detergent extracts of larvae labeled by the first three methods showed one major 35 kd component and a number of smaller components of about 6 kd, as analyzed by one-dimensional sds-page. in contrast, extracts from larvae labeled with the bolton ...	1986	2419445
specificity of scolex and oncosphere antigens for the serological diagnosis of taeniid cestode infections in dogs.	groups of dogs raised free of helminths were monospecifically infected with the common nematodes toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis. serums from these dogs, and a group of dogs of unknown history but infected with dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum, had levels of antibody to their homologous nematode antigens readily detectable by elisa. no cross-reactions were apparent when these serums were tested by elisa using oncosphere antigens of taenia hydatigena, t. pisifor ...	1986	2421704
shared carbohydrate epitopes on distinct surface and secreted antigens of the parasitic nematode toxocara canis.	the nematode parasite toxocara canis is found in all dog populations and poses a poorly defined health hazard to humans. we have studied excretory-secretory antigen (es) and surface antigens of the infective larval stage which is tissue-invasive in mammalian hosts. antigens were probed with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies raised in mice to whole es. six of eight antibodies reacted with periodate-sensitive carbohydrate epitopes on es molecules, and the remaining two (tcn-3 and tcn-6) recog ...	1987	2438350
species-specific and common epitopes on the secreted and surface antigens of toxocara cati and toxocara canis infective larvae.	it is widely accepted that the major cause of visceral larva migrans (vlm) in man is toxocara canis infection. this has been largely based on the detection of antibodies to this species. we have compared the antigens of t. canis and toxocara cati in order to establish whether assay for the former might be compromised by infection with the latter. comparisons were made by radioiodination of the surface and excretory/secretory (es) glycoproteins of the infective larvae of both species, immunopreci ...	1987	2442693
detection of circulating parasite antigen and specific antibody in toxocara canis infections.	serological surveys, measuring humoral antibody responses, have indicated significant levels of human infection with the zoonotic nematode toxocara canis, and raised concern about the resultant risk of ocular and neurological damage. such measurements do not distinguish with certainty current infection from past exposure. thus, we have developed a test for circulating toxocara antigen released by parasites in the host. this monoclonal antibody-based two-site 'sandwich' assay discriminates betwee ...	1988	2465108
antigenic relationships between the surface-exposed, secreted and somatic materials of the nematode parasites ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis.	the cosmopolitan nematode parasites ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis are closely related phylogenetically, and are all pathogenic to man. in the case of the latter, the antigens released by the tissue-invasive parasitic larvae in vitro ('excretory/secretory' or 'es' antigens) are routinely used for serodiagnostic purposes. here we have found, using radioimmunoprecipitation with defined rabbit antiserum, and sds-page, that there is a significant antigenic similarity between ...	1989	2467777
effects of temperature on the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of adult muscle of toxocara canis.	purified mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (m-mdh) of toxocara canis muscle presented maximum activity at 48 degrees c. a clear change in slope of the arrhenius plot was observed. the energy of activation calculated for the catalytic process showed values of 3.2 kcal/mol and 10.5 kcal/mol. thermal inactivation of m-mdh showed that it is more thermolabile than the s-isoenzyme. the inactivation of the enzyme by heat could be reduced at least in part by the addition of 0.1 mm nadh. the h ...	1989	2483804
eosinophilia, granuloma formation, migratory behaviour of second stage larvae in murine toxocara canis infection. effect of the inoculum size.	experimental infection of mice with toxocara canis provides one of the best models for immunological and pathological studies of the visceral larva migrans syndrome. blood eosinophilia, the migratory behaviour of second stage larvae and granuloma formation were studied in swiss mice infected with toxocara canis. eosinophilia, spleen, liver and lung indexes were followed during a primary infection with different inoculum sizes (500 and 1500 eggs) while the migratory behaviour of larvae was studie ...	1989	2486994
[antibodies against toxocara canis in human serum from western sicily].	335 human sera of western sicily were examined with an elisa method for the prevalence of antibodies anti-toxocara canis. the results (13% pos. in psychiatric patients,9.4% in farmers, 1.9% in children and 1.2% in blood donors) seem to indicate a strong correlation between style of life and infestation risk.	1989	2491292
serodiagnosis of ocular toxocariasis: a comparison of two antigens.	this study was designed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serodiagnosis of ocular toxocariasis using toxocara canis embryonated egg antigen (tee) and toxocara excretory-secretory or exoantigen (tex) produced in vitro. tee and tex elisa were comparably sensitive, but tex elisa was better able to discriminate between serum samples from patients with ocular toxocariasis and those from patients with retinoblastoma. in addition, preabsorpt ...	1985	2578482
helminth ova in soil from children's playgrounds in calabar, nigeria.	a study was undertaken to examine the helminth ova in soil from children's playgrounds in calabar, nigeria. a total of 150 soil samples were collected from the playgrounds studied. ova of ascaris lumbricoides (10 percent, 12 percent and 20 percent) were found in these playgrounds. in addition, each of the following helminth ova was found respectively in each of the playgrounds: trichuris vulpis (4 percent), toxocara canis (8 percent) and strongyloides stercoralis (6 percent). the public health a ...	1989	2582487
[behavior and pathogenicity of larva of toxocara canis werner 1782 (anisakidae) in the mouse].	to evaluate the interdependence between pathological changes and the level of infection the behaviour of toxocara canis larvae in the host, the course of the disease as well as quality and quantity of histological changes were investigated after experimental infection with 1,000, 500, 250, and 125 larvae respectively. the main places where the larvae of toxocara canis were found at any time after infection were musculature and brain. regardless of the level of infection the absolute and relative ...	1989	2596202
a rapid method for hatching infective eggs of toxocara canis.		1989	2609374
efficacy of nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, against natural infections of canine gastrointestinal helminths.	nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, was highly efficacious against natural infections of all the major canine gastrointestinal helminths. at single oral dosages of 0.2-0.4 mg kg-1 body weight (bw), a liquid formulation administered in gelatin capsules was 100% effective in eliminating natural infections of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. tablets (267 mg) containing 4.6% nemadectin given at a rate of 1/3 tablet per 20 kg bw (0.2 mg nem ...	1989	2617829
effect of albendazole in experimental toxocariasis of mice.	fifty-five mice were each infected with 800 embryonated eggs of toxocara canis. beginning on the second day of the infection, one group received a single 9 mg dose of albendazole every 24 hours for an eight-day period while a second group received 3 mg of albendazole every eight hours for the same period. on the tenth day of infection, mice in each treatment group and their corresponding controls were sacrificed, and the presence and motility of t. canis larvae in the brain were determined. with ...	1989	2619377
a survey of helminths in domestic cats in the pretoria area of transvaal, republic of south africa. part 1: the prevalence and comparison of burdens of helminths in adult and juvenile cats.	the helminths found in 1,502 necropsied cats were examined. the findings indicated that 65% of the cats were infested. the most prevalent helminths encountered were ancylostoma tubaeforme (41%), ancylostoma braziliense (25%), dipylidium caninum (23%), toxocara cati (11%), taenia taeniaeformis (7.7%), ancylostoma caninum (3.3%), joyeuxiella fuhrmanni (2.5%), ancylostoma ceylanicum (1.4%), and physaloptera praeputialis (1.3%). the following helminths were recorded in fewer than 1% of the cats: cen ...	1989	2634770
toxocara canis: proteolytic enzymes secreted by the infective larvae in vitro.	second-stage larvae of the dog nematode toxocara canis are infective to man and cause the syndromes of visceral larva migrans and ocular toxocariasis. larvae cultured in vitro secrete proteases which degrade components of a model of extracellular matrix and basement membranes. these enzymes have been characterized using a variety of techniques. multiple enzyme activities were demonstrated by substrate gel electrophoresis, associated with proteins of molecular weights of 120 and 32 kda. the enzym ...	1989	2659374
physicochemical characterization and monoclonal and polyclonal antibody recognition of baylisascaris procyonis larval excretory-secretory antigens.	baylisascaris procyonis larval excretory-secretory (es) antigens consisted of complex glycoproteins ranging from 10 kda to over 200 kda as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin binding. five monoclonal antibodies (bapr1-bapr5) produced against b. procyonis es antigens were assayed by western blotting with larval es antigens from b. procyonis, baylisascaris melis, baylisascaris transfuga, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis. bapr1 and bapr2 recognized per ...	1989	2668490
elisa for diagnosis of gnathostomiasis using antigens from gnathostoma doloresi and g. spinigerum.	elisa was developed for the detection of igg antibody in sera obtained from patients in japan and in a foreign country. gnathostoma doloresi adult antigen was less specific than g. spinigerum advanced third-stage larval antigen but their sensitivity were similar. cross reactivity was observed in toxocara canis-, anisakis-, paragonimus westermani- and fasciola-infected sera when g. doloresi adult worms but not g. spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae were used as antigens.	1989	2692193
[simultaneous toxoplasmosis and larval toxocariasis infection in the czechoslovak population].	the authors discuss the coexistence of infection with toxoplasmosis and larval toxocariasis in man. both these zoonoses are the most widespread and most serious of all tissue parasitoses on the territory of the cssr. knowledge of the incidence and frequency of concurrent infections is important for the differential diagnosis and therapy. in the introduction the authors mention briefly the incidence of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in animal hosts on the territory of the cssr, deals with the dev ...	1989	2713903
a survey of intestinal helminths of well-cared-for dogs in jamaica, and their potential public health significance.	this study investigates the level of helminthic infestation in better-cared-for dogs in a middle-class community in suburban kingston. a canine zoographic study was conducted, and fresh faecal deposits were collected and analysed for helminth life-cycle stages. the survey indicated that 73% (n = 93) of households in the study area owned one dog or more (mean = 1.4). resident's attitudes towards canine management suggested that the dog population was, in general, restricted to the residential est ...	1989	2723384
[the blood parameters of 6 dogs in 8 years].	six bastard dogs were born in the institute, and kept there life-long under conventional conditions. changes in the hematologic state within 8 years (excluding periods of special investigations) are presented as curves of monthly means. parameters concerned: hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes, mcv, mch, mchc, relative number of reticulocytes, sedimentation rate, number of eosinophils, neutrophils and index of segmentation, number of lymphocytes, monocytes and body weight. the changes of the hema ...	1989	2742574
surgical management of retinal traction caused by toxocariasis.	we reviewed the results of vitreous surgery in 12 eyes of 12 patients with tractional macular detachment from toxocara canis. we performed a vitrectomy and membrane peeling in all eyes, with additional scleral buckling in four eyes. after a minimum of six months' follow-up, ten of the 12 eyes (83%) had complete retinal reattachment. visual acuity improved in seven eyes, two had no change, and three eyes had decreased visual acuity. good postoperative vision correlated best with good preoperative ...	1989	2750830
a serological survey of toxocariasis in patients and healthy donors in barcelona (spain).	the elisa test, using excretory-secretory antigen from larvae ii of toxocara canis, was applied on 1018 sera (793 from adults and 225 from pediatrics) distributed in: a) patients with an hypereosinophilia where the ethiological agent was undetermined (99); b) patients with ocular complaints compatible with an ocular toxocariasis (116); c) patients with hidatidosis (97); d) patient with other non-toxocaral helminthiasis (34); e) patients with other clinical features (468) and f) healthy donors (2 ...	1989	2767231
preparation of monoclonal antibody against angiostrongylus cantonensis antigen.	monoclonal antibodies (mab) against a cantonensis were produced through fusion of immunised spleen cells from balb/c mice with ns-1 myeloma cells at a ratio of 10:1. the successful fusion rate on the 3rd day of fusion was 90.1%. ten mab were characterised, six of which were igg1 and the remaining four were igg2a, igg2b, igm and iga respectively. among 6 igg1 mab, four were a. cantonensis-specific, of which three reacted to adult worm antigen only and one reacted to both adult worm and juvenile w ...	1989	2772697
eosinophil hyporesponse of jirds induced by microfilariae of brugia pahangi.	male jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were inoculated sc with 100 infective larvae of brugia pahangi. after 16 weeks, the animals were reinoculated with a comparable number of organisms. blood eosinophil responses during the 5 weeks subsequent to this attempt to reinfect were much lower than those of comparable naive animals, while the response to a heterologous infection (toxocara canis) was comparable to that of controls. mebendazole was given to infected animals for 2 weeks beginning 5 weeks (pr ...	1989	2774064
pathological and haematological responses of cats experimentally infected with toxocara canis larvae.	responses of eight adult cats to one or two infections with larvae of toxocara canis were studied up to 39 days post infection (dpi). clinically, all cats remained normal throughout the study. the major necropsy finding was multifocal, white to grey nodules mainly within the liver, lungs and kidneys; live larvae were found in liver nodules. histologically, the nodules were eosinophilic granulomas. granulomas containing a larval section were observed mainly within the liver. all infected cats had ...	1989	2777467
musca domestica as a carrier of intestinal helminths in calabar, nigeria.	a study was undertaken to examine the role of musca domestica as a carrier of intestinal helminths in calabar, nigeria. a total of 5000 house-flies were collected from markets and residential areas and examined for helminthic parasites using centrifugation, dissection and direct smear methods. four helminths were observed with the following frequency of infection on their external surfaces and gastrointestinal tracts respectively: ascaris lumbricoides ova (0.20% and 0.81%), strongyloides stercor ...	1989	2791934
variations in innate resistance to experimental toxocara canis infection in two strains of mice.	strain-, sex- and age-based resistance of mice to toxocara canis infection was demonstrated. infection doses of similar numbers resulted in significantly (p less than 0.05) greater worm establishment in cd1 mice than in nih mice, as well as a greater heterogeneity of responses between individuals. male mice had significantly (p less than 0.05) fewer larvae in the brain and more larvae in the liver than female mice, when mice of greater than or equal to 3 months old were used. appreciably more la ...	1989	2815539
metabolite mapping of toxocara canis using one- and two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	one- and two-dimensional proton (1h) nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopic techniques have yielded detailed in vitro profiles of the metabolites present in the parasitic nematode toxocara canis. the major intracellular metabolites were found to include trehalose, alanine, succinate, acetate, propionate and alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine.	1987	2827022
alteration in immune response of mice with dual infection of toxocara canis and japanese encephalitis virus.	concurrent dual infections of mice with toxocara canis and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) showed a distinct synergistic effect of the parasite on sublethal jev infection. dose-dependent effects were evident in the mice infected dually and with t. canis alone; leucocytosis with suppression of eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and reduction in migration inhibition factor produced by spleen cells in response to t. canis and jev antigens were recorded, particularly in the former group. these c ...	1987	2835835
use of bronchoalveolar lavage to compare local pulmonary immunity with the systemic immune response of toxocara canis-infected mice.	following infection of mice with larvae of the canine roundworm toxocara canis, there is a persistent pneumonitis. heretofore, nothing was known about the immunologic potential of the cells that constitute this inflammatory exudate. by performing bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), enough inflammatory cells were obtained to compare the local pulmonary immune response to t. canis infection with the systemic immune response as reflected in the peripheral blood and spleen cells of the same mice. groups o ...	1987	2887514
enhancement of neutrophil adherence to toxocara canis larvae by the c3 component of complement and igg antibodies.	in the present study, the binding human neutrophils to toxocara canis larvae was examined in vitro. it was found that igg and/or the c3 component of complement were able to enhance the attachment of the cells to the parasites. this was associated with the generation of strong chemiluminescence reactions. despite the binding of the cells, the larvae were able to escape and to maintain their infectivity. this was apparent, since the parasites could survive and migrate into different organs includi ...	1989	2929192
biochemical polymorphism in parascaris equorum, toxocara canis and toxocara cati.	vertical starch gel electrophoresis was used to resolve proteins encoded by 18 gene loci in ascaridoid nematodes. estimates of genetic variability were made from population samples of the dog ascarid (toxocara canis), cat ascarid (toxocara cati), and the horse ascarid (parascaris equorum). levels of polymorphism and mean heterozygosity were high, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that the intestinal environment selects for monomorphism among endoparasites. most observed allele frequenc ...	1986	2938002
eosinophilia in chimeric mice infected with toxocara canis.	a marked strain variation in eosinophilia following oral infection with toxocara canis eggs was observed in mice. mutual radiation chimeras between high and low responder mice in terms of eosinophilia were made and compared with the respective donor and recipient for eosinophilia after the infection. as a result, the degree and time course of eosinophilia in chimeric mice were similar to those in donors. the result suggested that genes which regulate inheritance of the trait, marked eosinophilia ...	1987	2956318
the surfaces of the parasitic nematodes trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-c3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway.	the binding of human complement components c3, c5 and c9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites toxocara canis and trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. this showed that although c3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of c5 and c9; c5 bound only minimally to t. spiralis, and c9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. in contrast, both early and ...	1988	2971916
cryopreservation of parasites.	in this review, advances in cryopreservation of helminth parasites are reported. our own studies demonstrate that metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis can be maintained in a viable state for at least 1-2 years by appropriate deep-freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. infective larvae of the nematode toxocara canis cryopreserved for 1 week in liquid nitrogen were maintained after thawing in vitro in a chemically defined medium for 35 weeks. although motility of previously deep-frozen la ...	1988	3053232
the secreted and somatic antigens of the third stage larva of anisakis simplex, and antigenic relationship with ascaris suum, ascaris lumbricoides, and toxocara canis.	the in vitro-released 'excretory/secretory' (es) and somatic antigens of the third stage (infective) larva of anisakis simplex were characterised by radioiodination, immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. oral infection with the parasite elicited a substantial igg antibody response to es in infected rabbits and humans, with a minimal response to somatic materials. serial serum sampling in experimental infection showed that there was a sequential reco ...	1988	3054540
a critical look at the importance, prevalence and control of toxocariasis and the possibilities of immunological control.	the visceral infection of humans with toxocara canis is particularly prevalent in children and may cause a variety of symptoms that commonly persist for 6-24 months. the ocular infection usually causes permanent loss of visual acuity. human infection is acquired by ingestion of embryonated t. canis eggs with contaminated dirt. review of recent reports indicates that patent t. canis infection is widely prevalent in the general population of dogs all over the world (3-81%) and results in a substan ...	1988	3059669
comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in some helminths.	comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity were carried out in clonorchis sinensis, eurytrema pancreaticum, fasciola hepatica, dipylidium caninum, hymenolepis nana, ascaris suum, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and dirofilaria immitis. the enzymes examined were: n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ec 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (ec 3.2.1.31) and beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23). there were variations in enzyme distribution and intensity among the species and als ...	1986	3084622
[the hygiene of keeping dogs in city apartments].	16 family households with school-aged children and 15 elderly couples without children were questioned about their views on the hygienics of holding dogs in their apartment. the dogs of each household were clinically treated three times at intervals of four weeks. samples were taken of dog feces and smears were made of the oral mucosa, skin, feeding dishes, water bowls and of their resting places for parasitological, bacteriological and mycological examinations. families with children had a more ...	1986	3107273
biochemical and immunological systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes: genetic divergence between congeners.	vertical starch gel electrophoresis and trefoil immunodiffusion were used to study the systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes. within the ascarididae, the time scale of divergence was too great for intergeneric electrophoretic comparisons. congeneric electrophoretic comparisons of baylisascaris procyonis (host--raccoon) versus baylisascaris transfuga (host--black bear), and toxocara canis (host--domestic dog) versus toxocara cati (host--domestic cat) yielded nei genetic distance coefficients o ...	1987	3114467
comparative study of amino acid contents and ldh isozyme by electrophoresis and slab-page in adult worms of ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum and toxocara canis.		1987	3127150
role of a mouse monoclonal ige antibody in passive transfer of immunity to schistosoma japonicum infection.	we have been able to produce a mouse monoclonal ige antibody specific to an adult worm antigen extracted from schistosoma japonicum (sj). the antibody was able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat skin against sj with the highest titer of 1:256,000 but did not cross-react with s. mansoni antigen. the antibody recognized a 97-kda molecule expressed on the surface of mechanically transformed schistosoma of s. japonicum. passive transfer of the antibody into mice in the early stage of ...	1987	3151097
seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection in tropical venezuela.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to determine the seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection in different socio-economic groups of the tropical population of venezuela. the lack of definitive independent diagnostic criteria for toxocariasis required the establishment of operational upper limits of normality for toxocara elisa values, based upon their log-normalized distribution in a presumptive "non-toxocariasis" sub-population. only 1.8% of urban subjects of medium-high soc ...	1988	3188156
pulmonary granuloma formation in murine toxocariasis: transfer of granulomatous hypersensitivity using bronchoalveolar lavage cells.	a major drawback to studying granuloma formation in murine toxocariasis is the ability of the second-stage larva of toxocara canis to escape from a developing granuloma, migrate elsewhere, and initiate granuloma formation anew. in an attempt to circumvent this difficulty, 2 different t. canis-derived antigenic preparations were covalently attached to sepharose 4b beads and embolized into the microvasculature of the lungs of cba/j mice that had been infected 10 days previously with 25 t. canis ov ...	1988	3193334
[the geography of toxocariasis in the ussr. 1. the geographic range of toxocara canis (werner, 1782)].		1988	3193928
studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. iii. the bursting activity of tannins on dog roundworm larva.		1988	3203418
disseminated granulomatous disease in a cat caused by larvae of toxocara canis.	the gross and histological findings of a case of disseminated granulomatous disease caused by larval nematode infection in a cat are presented. the larvae were identified as those of toxocara canis and the lesions associated with infection of cats with various ascaridoid larvae are discussed.	1988	3204169
effects of milbemycin on adult toxocara canis in dogs with experimentally induced infection.	to determine the efficacy of a formulation of milbemycins in treating patent infection with toxocara canis, 8 male and 7 female, 10-week-old, ascarid-free beagles each were given 125 embryonated eggs of t canis. all dogs developed patent infection within 56 days. on post-infection day 70, the dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups of 5 dogs each; members of 1 group were given a placebo, while dogs of the other 2 groups were given either 5.68 or 34.08 mg of the milbemycin formulation, respectively. ...	1988	3247924
analysis of toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens: physicochemical characterization and antibody recognition.	toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens (tex) were resolved by gradient pore polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed using silver, periodic acid-schiff, and immunoperoxidase stains. at least 15 bands between 29 and 94 kilodaltons (kda) were detected by silver stain, all of which were recognized by antibodies in serum of a patient with visceral larva migrans. immunoperoxidase stain detected an additional band at 92 kda and 4-6 others above 200 kda. periodic acid-schiff stain al ...	1987	3298601
toxocara canis: monoclonal antibodies to larval excretory-secretory antigens that bind with genus and species specificity to the cuticular surface of infective larvae.	when maintained in culture, the infective-stage larvae of toxocara canis produce a group of excretory-secretory antigens. monoclonal antibodies to these antigens have been produced and partially characterized. hybridomas were made using spleens from mice that had been given 250 embryonated eggs of t. canis followed by immunization with excretory-secretory antigens. monoclonal antibodies were first screened against excretory-secretory antigens using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ...	1987	3315735
[the disease picture and treatment of toxocara canis uveitis in childhood].	the disease process of uveitis due to toxocara canis infection has a much more severe course in children than in adults. it can be cured by special drugs (mintezol) and corticosteroids, which at the same time also reduce the inflammatory symptoms. in patients with endophthalmitis, vitrectomy may be indicated. the improvement in visual acuity depends both on the localization of the degenerations and on the duration of the disease. the authors consider sonographic examination indispensable for dif ...	1987	3323637
ascarid infections of cats and dogs.	the ascarids toxocara canis, toxocara cati, and toxascaris leonina are probably the most common gastrointestinal helminths encountered in small animal practice. both t. canis and t. cati can cause serious disease in kittens and puppies; t. leonina is generally less pathogenic. prenatal transmission assures that virtually all puppies are born infected with t. canis. transmammary transmission is probably the major route of infection for kittens with t. cati. in addition, all three species of worm ...	1987	3328391
comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of baylisascaris procyonis, toxocara canis and ascaris suum by western blotting and enzyme immunoassay.		1988	3366527
[visceral larva migrans syndrome. description of a case caused by toxocara canis].	visceral larva migraine syndrome in most often caused by the migration of toxocara canis larvae in the tissues after ingestion of the embryonated eggs. the disease, characterised by granulomas, is most commonly found among children in whom it causes fever, hepatomegaly, respiratory disturbances and eosinophilia. diagnosis is by biopsy and serum tests and prophylaxis is essential since no specific therapy exists. the case of toxocariasis described was encountered in a middle aged women and is unu ...	1988	3368113
a survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in the area of thessaloniki, greece.	faecal specimens randomly taken from 232 healthy dogs living in the area of thessaloniki were screened for internal parasites. in 39.2% of the examined dogs excretion of sarcocystis bovicanis (1.3%), isospora ohioensis/burrowsi (3.9%), giardia lamblia (0.8%), hammondia heydorni (0.4%), dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.8%) diplopylidium nolleri (0.4%), joyeuxiella pasqualei (0.8%), taeniids (0.4%), toxocara canis (22.4%), toxascaris leonina (1.3%), uncinaria stenocephala (3.0%), trichuris vulpis (2.6% ...	1988	3372979
excretory/secretory antigen of toxocara canis: recognition profiles of polyclonal and larvicidal monoclonal antibodies.	five monoclonal antibodies against the excretory/secretory (e/s) antigen of toxocara canis were obtained and characterized. immunoprecipitating activity was demonstrated in an in-vitro microprecipitating assay using live t. canis larvae. their capacity to kill larvae was also shown in an in-vitro assay. two zones of reactivity were observed in 7.5 and 12.5% sds-page (177-77 kd, 43-15 kd) of immunoprecipitates of human and mouse positive polyclonal antisera. the murine monoclonal antibodies showe ...	1988	3374963
seroepidemiologic survey of toxocara canis infection in urban and rural children.		1988	3375411
ige and igg antibodies in toxocara canis infection. a clinical evaluation.	the relationship between ige and igg antibodies against the metabolic exoantigen of toxocara canis (tex antigen) in sera of selected patients with the ocular and visceral form of the disease have been investigated. the specificity and sensitivity of the tex antigen employed in immunoenzymatic and radioimmunologic assays have been verified. six hundred and forty-one sera from healthy donors were tested as controls. our data emphasize the importance of ige antibodies to ocular larva migrans syndro ...	1988	3389570
[the so-called "ocular histoplasmosis syndrome"].	the authors describe seven patients presenting with ophthalmoscopic findings typical of "presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome." however, no humoral antibodies could be demonstrated. moreover, the results of skin tests were all negative even after "boostering." hence, the diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis had to be ruled out. tests for listeriosis, lues, leptospirosis, ornithosis, toxocara canis, toxoplasmosis, larva migrans, and candida albicans were also negative. there are evidently other, ...	1988	3404947
specificity of toxocara elisa in tropical populations.	the diagnosis of human infection by toxocara canis relies heavily upon serological tests, the specificity of which can be inadequate in regions of endemic helminthiasis. when different population groups of tropical venezuela were evaluated using elisa based upon toxocara excretory-secretory antigen (tcesa), solid-phase adsorption of the sera with extracts of a wide variety of non-homologous parasites revealed the existence of significant cross-reactivity. this was effectively and conveniently ov ...	1988	3412787
a rapid detection of toxocaral antibodies by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) in dogs.	this study describes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antigen-coated nitrocellulose (nc) paper (dot-elisa) for detecting antibodies against toxocara canis infection in dogs. some advantages could be achieved by using a dot-elisa; 1) antigen could be directly and immediately bound on nc paper, 2) this assay could be carried out within 1.5 h, 3) all assay steps could be performed at room temperature, 4) the well-defined blue spots formed on nc paper could be evaluated by both visual obse ...	1987	3439389
age-relationships of toxocara canis seropositivity and geohelminth infection prevalence in two communities in st. lucia, west indies.	sera were examined from an age-stratified sample of two caribbean communities using the toxocara-elisa with larval es antigen. seropositivity was markedly age dependent, attaining maximal values (40 and 60%) in 5-15 year olds and declining in adults. the rate of acquisition of infection with toxocara canis and the age-prevalence profile are similar to those of ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura. it is suggested that toxocariasis is likely to be prevalent in tropical areas with endemic ...	1987	3441737
fine structure of buccal cavity and esophagus in toxocara canis (nematoda, ascarididae) infective larvae.	the ultrastructure of the alimentary tract of toxocara canis infective larvae, with emphasis on the buccal cavity and vestibular-esophageal region, is described. the buccal opening which extends to the vestibule is lined by a thick cuticle. between the buccal opening and the vestibule there are three cuticular projections which might function either as a valve or for grinding food. cells associated with the triradiate vestibule show an elaborate system of narrowed cytoplasmic lamellae differenti ...	1986	3453367
dirofilaria immitis: diethylcarbamazine-induced anaphylactoid reactions in infected dogs.	the immunopathogenesis of the anaphylactoid mazzotti reactions has been studied by comparing physiologic and immunologic aspects of diethylcarbamazine-induced shock in dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with antigen induced anaphylaxis in infected and uninfected controls. filarial antigen, specific host igg antibody, and c1 and c3 complement levels were quantitatively measured over time in relation to the levels of histamine and prostaglandin d2 in the blood and changes in mean blood pressure. d. ...	1986	3458592
epidemiological characteristics of toxocara canis zoonotic infection of children in a caribbean community.	the study reports the results of a summary of the prevalence and symptomatology of paediatric toxocariasis in anse-la-raye, st. lucia. the seroprevalence of toxocara canis among the children, as determined by elisa, was 86%, the highest level recorded to date. in contrast, the prevalence of infection in dogs was not abnormally high, although the canine population was large and unconstrained compared to that in industrial countries. the presence of infective ova in peridomestic areas and the wide ...	1986	3488844
computed tomography of toxocara canis endophthalmitis.	many lesions, termed pseudogliomas, may mimic the appearance of retinoblastoma, both clinically and on computed tomography. the appearance of toxocara canis endophthalmitis on computed tomography is presented. the role of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients presenting with leukokoria is discussed.	1987	3492334
biochemical properties of larval excretory-secretory glycoproteins of the parasitic nematode toxocara canis.	toxocara canis larvae, infective to man, secrete a number of antigenic macromolecules into culture medium over prolonged periods of time. these antigens have been collected and characterised with respect to molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following extrinsic and intrinsic radiolabelling, or electrophoresis followed by gel staining or immunoblotting. panels of enzymes and lectins have been applied to examine protease sensitivity and carbohydrate comp ...	1986	3515176
the sonographic evaluation of the great vessels' interspace in the pediatric retroperitoneum.	the great vessels' interspace, in the pediatric retroperitoneum, deserves special attention during abdominal sonographic examination. by rotating the child into the right anterior oblique position, the full length of this interspace is demonstrated. normally, it has a uniform appearance. when invaded by disease, the sonographic pathology can be identified and differentiated from the surrounding structures. the studies were gathered from experience with 1658 retroperitoneal sonographic examinatio ...	1986	3529017
the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against dirofilaria immitis in dogs.	antisera prepared in mice by injection of antigens from dirofilaria immitis, toxocara canis, dipylidium canium and fasciola hepatica and sera from dirofilaria-infected and non-infected dogs were tested at different dilutions using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). for this elisa, adult d. immitis antigen was fractionated by gel filtration methods and then absorbed with immunoadsorbent-fixed igg fractions from mouse sera immunized with various parasites. the results indicated satisfac ...	1986	3529601
tissue localization of excretory-secretory antigens of larval toxocara canis in acute and chronic murine toxocariasis.	the distribution of excretory-secretory antigens of larval toxocara canis (tex) in tissue was studied in cases of both acute and chronic experimental murine toxocariasis. liver samples were collected from balb/c byj mice killed either 2 days (acute) or 8 months (chronic) after intragastric inoculation with infective t. canis eggs. cryostat sections of liver were stained using biotin-conjugated, rabbit anti-tex antibody with an avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate indicator. in both acute and chroni ...	1986	3532850
[trials on the infectibility with toxocara canis of puppies raised nematode free or with few nematodes].		1986	3536418
human toxocariasis. review with report of a probable case.	a 23-year-old woman with fever, myalgias, stridor, pelvic cramping, lower abdominal pain, and profound eosinophilia was presumed to have toxocariasis. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of 1:64 and an elevated ige level supported the diagnosis. the patient became asymptomatic without treatment, and the eosinophil count returned to normal over several months. a stool sample from her dog was found to contain toxocara canis ova, but the patient had no history of geophagia. presumably, she a ...	1987	3543902
immune-mediated adherence of eosinophils to toxocara canis infective larvae: the role of excretory-secretory antigens.	the participation of toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens in immune-mediated adherence was determined in vitro. adsorption of immune sera with excretory-secretory antigens removed some complement components, removed igg antibody directed against larval surfaces, and abrogated all adherence observed with untreated immune serum. at least four antigens could be implicated in adherence, by western blot analysis of adherence mediating sera. scanning and transmission electron microscopic ...	1987	3550601
zoonotic visceral and ocular larva migrans.	infection of children with the larval stage of the dog roundworm toxocara canis usually produces few, if any, clinical signs. in some children, however, the disease may be severe, with permanent ocular or neurologic sequelae. because the prevalence of infection may exceed 10 per cent in some population subgroups, it is important to understand the modes of transmission and risk factors for infection. the clinical presentations of toxocariasis as well as recommendations for their prevention are de ...	1987	3551310
eosinophil response in mast cell-deficient w/wv mice.	the combination of cyclophosphamide treatment and toxocara canis infection is known as an effective way of causing a high level of eosinophilia in mice. when this treatment was applied to congenitally anemic, mast cell-deficient w/wv mice, eosinophil response was far less than that of their normal littermate +/+ mice. the degree of the defective eosinophil response in the peripheral blood of w/wv mice was severer than that in the bone marrow. the defective eosinophil response of w/wv mice was co ...	1987	3553034
biophysical properties of the surface lipid of parasitic nematodes.	the biophysical properties of the surface lipid layer (the epicuticle) of living parasitic nematodes (trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) were examined using fluorescent lipid analogues. a variety of such probes were screened, and only 5-n-(octadecanoyl)-aminofluorescein was found to insert into the outer lipid layer. fluorescence quenching experiments showed that this probe was confined to the surface, and the rate of its lateral diffusion was then measured by fluorescence recovery after p ...	1987	3553935
prevalence of toxocara canis ova on playgrounds of nursery schools in nsukka, nigeria.	soil samples taken from playgrounds in the eleven nursery schools in nsukka were examined for the prevalence of toxocara canis ova. t. canis ova were identified from 6 out of the 11 schools samples, a prevalence of 54.5%. the public health risk of this finding to the children in these schools with regards to visceral larva migrans in highlighted and recommendations made for prevention and control.	1986	3557826
toxocara canis infection of children: epidemiologic and neuropsychologic findings.	sera from 4,652 children whose blood was submitted to the new york city department of health for lead analysis were tested for antibodies to toxocara canis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). standardized to the age distribution of the study population, t. canis seropositivity (inverse titers greater than or equal to 16) was 5.7 per cent in males and 5.1 per cent in females. t. canis antibody titers and lead exposures as measured by centers for disease control lead classes were p ...	1987	3565646
maternal transmission by alaria marcianae (trematoda) and the concept of amphiparatenesis.	the term amphiparatenic host was coined originally for hosts of alaria marcianae that as adults are paratenic hosts, but as juveniles serve as definitive hosts. in this study the concept of amphiparatenesis is placed in a theoretical context, maternal transmission shown to be the basic mechanism, and the concept extended to include toxocara canis, t. cati, t. pteropodis, neoascaris vitulorum, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria lucasi, various species of strongyloides, pharyngostomoides procyonis, an ...	1987	3572644
radiolabeling and autoradiographic tracing of toxocara canis larvae in male mice.	artificially hatched infective larvae of toxocara canis were labeled with 75se in medium 199 (gibco) containing 75se-methionine. male cd-1 mice were infected with radiolabeled larvae by intragastric intubation or by intraperitoneal injection. at intervals of 3-56 days mice were killed and the organs prepared for compressed organ autoradiography. radioactivity of parasitic larvae showed an exponential decrease with time, reflecting catabolism of label with a biological half life of 26 days (effec ...	1987	3572645
effects of irradiation on the biology of the infective larvae of toxocara canis in the mouse.	mice were infected with either 2,000 normal or irradiated embryonated eggs of toxocara canis and the number of larvae in their livers, lungs, brains, and carcasses investigated at 5, 20, and 33 days of infection. mortality of mice infected with normal eggs was 33% between day 4 and 8 postinfection but there was no mortality among mice infected with irradiated eggs. irradiation with 60, 90, or 150 kr of x-rays inhibited the migration of larvae from the livers and lungs and their accumulation in b ...	1987	3572671
cryopreservation and long-term in vitro maintenance of second-stage larvae of toxocara canis.	second stage larvae of toxocara canis were isolated from developed eggs, frozen in eagle's minimal essential medium with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide or 10% glycerol as cryoprotectants according to two cooling schedules and maintained in liquid nitrogen for 1 week. after thawing, the previously frozen larvae (fl) and unfrozen controls (cl) were maintained in a chemically defined medium in vitro for 35 weeks. while cl had motility rates around 95% to 97% throughout the experiment, previously frozen larv ...	1987	3575291