Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [study of the cytochemical aspects of trypanosoma equiperdum and of the blood cells of parasitized guinea pigs]. | 1963 | 14041127 | |
| susceptibility and resistance of american rodents to trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1963 | 14061533 | |
| in vivo activity of l-azaserine against trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1963 | 14074439 | |
| [blood chemistry of normal rat and rats parasitized with trypanosoma equiperdum]. | 1964 | 14177146 | |
| effect of azaserine on the incorporation of 14-c-labeled purines and pyrimidines into acid-soluble and nucleic acid fractions of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1965 | 14314323 | |
| the effect of paromomycin on trypanosoma equiperdum infections in mice. | 1965 | 14340567 | |
| [the effect of fluid from the pseudo-body cavity of the worm (ascaris suum) on the trypanosome trypanosoma equiperdum (doflein, 1901)]. | 1964 | 14346853 | |
| [studies of efficacy of mandula's serologic flocculation reaction in serodiagnosis of dourine]. | 1954 | 14391981 | |
| the effects of cortisone and oxophenarsine on trypanosoma equiperdum infections in the rat. | 1955 | 14392371 | |
| the effect of 6-azauracil upon trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1961 | 14450868 | |
| qualitative differences in the pyrimidine metabolism of trypanosoma equiperdum and mammals as characterized by 6-azauracil and 6-azauridine. | 1962 | 14494926 | |
| [dourine in czechoslovakia]. | 1950 | 14772791 | |
| [infection of organism with trypanosoma equiperdum (dolflein 1901)]. | 1950 | 14815415 | |
| chloromycetin in experimental trypanosoma equiperdum infection in rats. | 1951 | 14819517 | |
| [dourine infection of guinea pigs]. | 1951 | 14830596 | |
| effects of carbohydrate metabolites on trypanosoma equiperdum infection in mice. | 1951 | 14847719 | |
| the activity of a new pentavalent arsenical compound, alpha-4-arsonophenylglycylmonoglyceride against trypanosoma equiperdum in mice. | 1951 | 14908777 | |
| [experimental dourine in guinea pigs]. | 1951 | 14921178 | |
| the current challenges of dourine: difficulties in differentiating trypanosoma equiperdum within the subgenus trypanozoon. | during its 20th annual meeting in paris in may 1999, the oie (world organisation for animal health) ad hoc group on non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomoses expressed the following concerns about dourine: the discrepancies in some of the results of the complement fixation test (cft), which is the only international diagnostic test officially recognised by the international organisation for the transportation of equidae; the persistence of suspected cases of dourine in some asian, european an ... | 2003 | 15005565 |
| [effect of penicillin on the infection caused by trypanosoma equiperdum]. | 1950 | 15419483 | |
| genetic variability in esag6 genes among trypanosoma evansi isolates and in comparison to other trypanozoon members. | bloodstream trypanosomes take up iron needed for their propagation through the transferrin receptor that, in trypanosoma brucei, is encoded by expression-site-associated genes (esags), esag6 and 7 genes located in variant surface glycoprotein expression sites. esag6 and 7 genes in different expression sites have been shown to encode transferrin receptors with varying affinities for polymorphic transferrins. t. brucei could cope with the different host transferrins by switching between expression ... | 2005 | 15589799 |
| trypanosoma equiperdum: master of disguise or historical mistake? | after 100 years of research, only a small number of laboratory strains of trypanosoma equiperdum exists, and the history of most of the strains is unknown. no definitive diagnosis of dourine can be made at the serological or molecular level. only clinical signs are pathognomonic and international screening relies on an outdated cross-reactive serological test (the complement-fixation test) from 1915, resulting in serious consequences at the practical level. despite many characterization attempts ... | 2005 | 15923142 |
| application of multiple dna fingerprinting techniques to study the genetic relationships among three members of the subgenus trypanozoon (protozoa: trypanosomatidae). | three different dna fingerprinting techniques, the mobile genetic element (mge)-pcr, simple sequence repeat (ssr)-pcr and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr, were used to define a large set of genetic markers to study genetic similarity within and among trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma equiperdum and trypanosoma evansi strains (n=18) from china, africa and south america and to investigate their genetic relationships. using the three fingerprinting techniques, >890 bands (ranging in size ... | 2005 | 16146682 |
| doubts about trypanosoma equiperdum strains classed as trypanosoma brucei or trypanosoma evansi. | 2006 | 16377246 | |
| disease transmission in horses. | bacterial, viral and protozoal infections may cause severe reproductive losses. the present paper reviews the risk factors, clinical signs and preventive measures for the most important venereal or potential sexually transmitted diseases in horses. the stallion and use of semen for artificial insemination represent major risk factors for the transmission of bacterial contaminants of the penis, including streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae ... | 2006 | 16837034 |
| induction of lupus-like renal damages by double stranded dna derived from trypanosoma equiperdum. | 2006 | 17097026 | |
| a chemometric study of megazol derivatives with activity against trypanosoma equiperdum. | the am1 semiempirical method was employed to study megazol and 13 of its analogues where their activity against trypanosoma equiperdum was obtained from in vitro tests. several molecular properties (descriptors or variables) were calculated for the 14 compounds studied to be correlated with the biological activity. for a practical analysis of large data sets, it is necessary to reduce the dimensionality and select the most relevant descriptors related to the biological activity under study. for ... | 2006 | 17162385 |
| telomeric localization of the modified dna base j in the genome of the protozoan parasite leishmania. | base j or beta-d-glucosylhydroxymethyluracil is a dna modification replacing a fraction of thymine in the nuclear dna of kinetoplastid parasites and of euglena. j is located in the telomeric sequences of trypanosoma brucei and in other simple repeat dna sequences. in addition, j was found in the inactive variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) expression sites, but not in the active expression site of t. brucei, suggesting that j could play a role in transcription silencing in t. brucei. we have now ... | 2007 | 17329373 |
| establishment of a panel of reference trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma equiperdum strains for drug screening. | the animal pathogenic protozoan, trypanosoma evansi, leads to a wasting disease in equines, cattle and camels, commonly known as surra. it is extensively distributed geographically with a wide range of mammalian hosts and causes great economical loss. trypanosoma equiperdum causes a venereal disease called dourine in horses and donkeys. chemotherapy appears to be the most effective form of control for t. evansi, whereas infections caused by t. equiperdum are considered incurable. due to emerging ... | 2007 | 17624671 |
| old building torn down in which trypanosoma equiperdum was first discovered in america. | 1953 | 17648621 | |
| a method for preserving trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1940 | 17796121 | |
| transmission of trypanosoma equiperdum to the duck. | 1944 | 17830680 | |
| experimental chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis; effect of p-phenylene diguanidine and related compounds against experimental infections with trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1949 | 18146477 | |
| trypanosoma equiperdum, trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma hippicum infections in avian hosts. | 1949 | 18153040 | |
| trypanosoma equiperdum, trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma hippicum infections in laboratory animals. | 1949 | 18236598 | |
| adaptations of trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast dna: trypanosoma equiperdum and trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of t. brucei. | trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid flagellate, the agent of human sleeping sickness and ruminant nagana in africa. kinetoplastid flagellates contain their eponym kinetoplast dna (kdna), consisting of two types of interlocked circular dna molecules: scores of maxicircles and thousands of minicircles. maxicircles have typical mitochondrial genes, most of which are translatable only after rna editing. minicircles encode guide rnas, required for decrypting the maxicircle transcripts. the life cyc ... | 2008 | 18245376 |
| what happens when trypanosoma brucei leaves africa. | julius lukes and co-workers evaluated the evolutionary origin of trypanosoma equiperdum and trypanosoma evansi, parasites that cause horse and camel diseases. although similar to t. brucei, the sleeping-sickness parasite, these trypanosomes do not cycle through the tsetse fly and have been able to spread beyond africa. transmission occurs sexually, or via blood-sucking flies or vampire bats. they concluded that these parasites, which resemble yeast petite mutants, are t. brucei sub-species, whic ... | 2008 | 18715829 |
| notes on serological tests carried out on equine species infected with dourine. | 1948 | 18863429 | |
| dourine infection in young equines. | 1948 | 18863430 | |
| the demonstration and transmission of the south african strain of trypanosoma equiperdum of horses. | 1948 | 18863431 | |
| transmission of the south african strain of dourine to laboratory animals. | 1948 | 18863432 | |
| effect of arsenicals and antimonials on the activity of glycolytic enzymes in lysed preparation of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1948 | 18864107 | |
| distribution and rate of metabolism of phosphorus compounds in trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1948 | 18898003 | |
| role of glucose in acute parasitemic death of the rat infected with trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1947 | 18903611 | |
| the effect of methyl-bis (beta-chloroethyl) amine on trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1948 | 18905213 | |
| immunization with recombinant actin from trypanosoma evansi induces protective immunity against t. evansi, t. equiperdum and t. b. brucei infection. | actin gene of trypanosoma evansi (stib 806) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the predicted amino acid sequence of t. evansi actin shows 100%, 98.7%, and 93.1%, homology with trypanosoma equiperdum, trypanosoma brucei brucei, and trypanosoma cruzi. recombinant actin was expressed as inclusion bodies in e. coli. it was purified and renatured for immunological studies. mice immunized with the renatured recombinant actin were protected from lethal challenge with t. evansi stib 806, t. e ... | 2009 | 18923843 |
| intra-stomachal and intra-intestinal inoculations of trypanosome virus with tests for immunity. | in nearly 50 per cent. of the cases, virulent trypanosome virus inoculated directly through the stomach wall of rats failed to infect these animals. the percentage of infections after inoculation of this kind seemed to vary with the virus. surra of india proved to be the most virulent, and caderas the least. nagana and dourine occupied intermediate positions. the rats that escaped infection showed no trace of immunity when tested with small quantities of the same virus between the twelfth and th ... | 1911 | 19867494 |
| the elimination of iron and its distribution in the liver and spleen in experimental anemia. ii. | in the continuous blood destruction, essentially a chronic experimental anemia, caused by injecting the dog with trypanosoma equiperdum, no increased elimination of iron is observed in the feces. the storage of iron in the liver and spleen under these experimental conditions is somewhat greater in amount, but of the same general character as in transient experimental anemia. splenectomy before or after infection, i.e. the development of anemia, influences neither the elimination of iron in the f ... | 1918 | 19868220 |
| the blood chemistry of an acute trypanosome infection. | the co(2) capacity of the serum is markedly lowered early in infection with trypanosoma equiperdum. the non-protein nitrogen and uric acid constituents of the blood are increased in the terminal stages. the kidneys also show terminal degenerative changes. the cholesterol remains unchanged throughout. lecithin is markedly increased, most of the observations showing a 20 per cent to 50 per cent rise in this substance. liver glycogen is lower than normal in the early stages and could not be demonst ... | 1930 | 19869743 |
| artificial acidosis in trypanosoma lewisi infections, and its bearing on the pathogenic action of trypanosoma equiperdum. | when the alkali reserve is artificially lowered in rats infected with trypanosoma lewisi, the number of parasites in the blood is increased. the increase is large in the early stages of the disease, and becomes less marked as the number crisis is approached. near the crisis, and after it, a lowered alkali reserve does not affect the number of trypanosomes. it has been shown that the observed increase does not result from a contraction of the capillaries of the inner organs, which would throw a l ... | 1931 | 19869949 |
| the protective action of copper against trypanosoma equiperdum infection in albino rats. | the effect was studied of additions of copper to an adequate diet on the course of infection with trypanosoma equiperdum in rats. copper in amounts equivalent to 0.2 mg. of elemental copper per rat per day during a period of 10 days prior to an induced infection with small numbers of trypanosomes raised the natural resistance of the rat to the infection. the infection was aborted in all instances when the rats were infected by the injection of 2,000 trypanosomes and in 75 per cent of instances w ... | 1934 | 19870320 |
| a thermoprecipitation reaction in trypanosoma equiperdum infection in laboratory animals. | there is a thermoprecipitinogenic substance in extracts of the spleen of rats, guinea pigs and rabbits infected with t. equiperdum. it does not appear to be within the body of the trypanosome itself. antibodies to this heat-resistant precipitable substance were found in the serum of infected animals. the antibody strength seems to be relatively less in the serum of rats than in the other animals but the power of extracts from the spleen of infected rats appeared to be equivalent to the power of ... | 1934 | 19870323 |
| serological and parasitological survey of dourine in the arsi-bale highlands of ethiopia. | this study was conducted from august 2005 to january 2007 to determine prevalence and distribution of dourine in horses and to investigate the occurrence of clinical and carrier cases in donkeys and mules in the arsi-bale highlands. study methodology was based on questionnaire, serological, clinical and parasitological survey. the questionnaire indicated that dourine is a major health problem of equines in the arsi-bale highlands. though dourine is commonly observed throughout the year, it has a ... | 2010 | 19924557 |
| multiple genetic mechanisms lead to loss of functional tbat1 expression in drug-resistant trypanosomes. | the p2 aminopurine transporter, encoded by tbat1 in african trypanosomes in the trypanosoma brucei group, carries melaminophenyl arsenical and diamidine drugs into these parasites. loss of this transporter contributes to drug resistance. we identified the genomic location of tbat1 to be in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 5 and determined the status of the tbat1 gene in two trypanosome lines selected for resistance to the melaminophenyl arsenical, melarsamine hydrochloride (cymelarsan), and ... | 2010 | 19966032 |
| potassium in relation to death in rats infected with trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1947 | 20271929 | |
| glycolysis in trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1946 | 20277796 | |
| the antigenic composition and the effect of various extracts of trypanosoma equiperdum and trypanosoma lewisi on the leucocyte picture in experimental trypanosomiasis. | 1947 | 20292036 | |
| cd4+ t-cell anergy induced by lin- cd117(c-kit)+ stem cell-derived immature dendritic cells loaded with nuclear antigen derived from trypanosoma equiperdum. | dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, which have the extraordinary capacity to initiate naïve t-cell-mediated primary immune responses. to investigate the role of dcs in the induction of antigen-specific tolerance, the immature dcs (imdcs) and mature dcs (mdcs) were generated in vitro from lin(-)cd117(c-kit)(+) stem cells isolated from mice bone marrow. flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to characterize the phenotypes of dcs. these cells were loaded with ... | 2010 | 20370574 |
| efficacy of cymelarsan and diminasan against trypanosoma equiperdum infections in mice and horses. | trypanocidal sensitivity studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of diminazene diaceturate (diminasan) and bis (aminoethylthio) 4-melaminophenylarsine dihydrochloride (cymelarsan) against trypanosoma equiperdum (isolated from two mares with chronic cases of dourine) 713/943 and 834/940 dodola strains in experimentally infected mice and horses. diminasan at doses from 3.5 mg/kg to 28 mg/kg and cymelarsan at doses of 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg body weight failed to cure any of the mice, indica ... | 2010 | 20417035 |
| comparative diagnosis of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests in dourine-suspected horses. | study on comparative sensitivity of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests on 237 horses originating from two dourine-suspected districts of arsi-bale highlands of ethiopia was conducted to determine the prevalence of the disease and degree of agreement of the diagnostic tests. accordingly, the prevalence of the disease was found to be 4.6%, 36.7%, and 47.6% by parasitological woo test, rotat 1.2 and 18s pcr tests, respectively. the seroprevalence of the disease was 27.6% in catt/tryp ... | 2010 | 20526860 |
| trypanosoma evansi: identification and characterization of a variant surface glycoprotein lacking cysteine residues in its c-terminal domain. | african trypanosomes are flagellated unicellular parasites which proliferate extracellularly in the mammalian host blood-stream and tissue spaces. they evade the hosts' antibody-mediated lyses by sequentially changing their variant surface glycoprotein (vsg). vsg tightly coats the entire parasite body, serving as a physical barrier. in trypanosoma brucei and the closely related species trypanosoma evansi, trypanosoma equiperdum, each vsg polypeptide can be divided into n- and c-terminal domains, ... | 2011 | 20599437 |
| the microscopic changes in the nervous system in a case of chronic dourine, or "mal de coit," and a comparison with those found in sleeping sickness. | 1906 | 20762822 | |
| a note on the morphology of a strain of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1912 | 20766286 | |
| the action of "bayer 205" on trypanosoma equiperdum in experimentally infected mice. | 1921 | 20770464 | |
| isolation of an antibiotic agent derived from a phycomyces active in vitro against trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1946 | 20993149 | |
| studies in trypanosomiasis; the serum potassium levels of rats during infection with trypanosoma lewisi, trypanosoma brucei, and trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1946 | 20996736 | |
| studies in trypanosomiasis; the plasma, whole blood and erythrocyte potassium of rats during the course of infection with trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1946 | 20996737 | |
| studies in trypanosomiasis; the fragility of the erythrocytes in rats during the course of infection with trypanosoma lewisi, trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1946 | 20996738 | |
| the role of antibodies in experimental drug resistance of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1946 | 20998827 | |
| trypanosoma equiperdum antigen for complement fixation; preparation and titration. | 1946 | 21020430 | |
| chemical transformations as a source of energy for the mobility of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1945 | 21026700 | |
| effects of a bone marrow-spleen serum on trypanosoma equiperdum infection in mice. | 1946 | 21064310 | |
| seroepidemiological survey of trypanozoon infection in horses in the suspected dourine-infected bale highlands of the oromia region, ethiopia. | this paper presents the results of a seroepidemiological survey of trypanozoon infection in horses carried out between september 2007 and june 2008. the survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-trypanozoon antibodies in 880 serum samples collected randomly from selected horse-breeding districts of the bale highlands of ethiopia. the seroprevalence of trypanozoon infection was found to be 173 (19.66%) and 140 (15.91%) for the catt/t. evansi and latex/t. evansi tests, respectiv ... | 2010 | 21309462 |
| a clinical case of dourine in an outbreak in italy. | in may 2011, dourine was reported in italy following the declaration of a positive result observed in a stallion undergoing routine testing for stud purposes. clinical signs, anatomo-histopathological findings and laboratory results that resulted in the confirmation of diagnosis of dourine in a clinically affected mare, which was the likely source of infection in the stallion, are described. | 2011 | 22194229 |
| igg antibodies from dourine infected horses identify a distinctive trypanosoma equiperdum antigenic pattern of low molecular weight molecules. | diagnosis and control of dourine is strongly based on serological evidence, but knowledge of the humoral response of horses during infection is limited. in this study we developed a chemiluminescent immunoblotting (cib) assay to characterise the trypanosoma equiperdum antigen pattern recognised by iggs from naturally or experimentally dourine-infected horses and analyse the kinetics of igg humoral response following the infection. one compounding factor is that sera from uninfected animals often ... | 2013 | 23218944 |
| diagnosis of dourine in outbreaks in italy. | dourine is trypanosomosis that affects equids, it's mainly sexually transmitted. the disease was first eradicated in italy in the 1940s, but there was then a serious epidemic in the mid-70s. after sporadic reports at the end of the 1990s, in may 2011 it was reported once more. clinical diagnosis of dourine can be complex, as clinical signs and gross lesions are not always present. direct laboratory diagnosis is also problematic, given the low number of parasites normally present in infected tiss ... | 2013 | 23298562 |
| proteomics: a new way to improve human african trypanosomiasis diagnosis? | african trypanosomiases, including the human disease referred to as 'sleeping sickness' and the animal diseases such as nagana, surra and dourine, are neglected vector-borne diseases that after years of research still need improved diagnosis and chemotherapy. advances in proteomics offer new tools to define biomarkers, whose expression may reflect host-parasite interactions occurring during the infection. in this review, the authors first describe the current diagnostic tools used to detect a tr ... | 2013 | 23777218 |
| single point mutations in atp synthase compensate for mitochondrial genome loss in trypanosomes. | viability of the tsetse fly-transmitted african trypanosome trypanosoma brucei depends on maintenance and expression of its kinetoplast (kdna), the mitochondrial genome of this parasite and a putative target for veterinary and human antitrypanosomatid drugs. however, the closely related animal pathogens t. evansi and t. equiperdum are transmitted independently of tsetse flies and survive without a functional kinetoplast for reasons that have remained unclear. here, we provide definitive evidence ... | 2013 | 23959897 |
| the influence of puromycin on the carbohydrate metabolism trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1954 | 24543093 | |
| experimental chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis. iv. reversal by purines of the in vivo activity of puromycin, and an amino nucleoside analog, against trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1954 | 24543316 | |
| experimental chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis. v. effects of puromycin analogues against trypanosoma equiperdum in mice. | 1955 | 24543402 | |
| epizootiological investigation of the most important infectious equine diseases in greece. | during the period 2001 to 2008, a total of 7,872 equine sera were tested at the centre of veterinary institutes of athens. antibodies against seven infectious diseases of equids were determined: equine infectious anaemia (eia), african horse sickness (ahs), equine viral arteritis (eva), west nile encephalitis (wne), glanders, piroplasmosis and dourine. tests for the four viral diseases found 4.5% seropositivity for eia, 0% for ahs, 3.3% for eva and 4% for wne. all sera tested for glanders antibo ... | 2013 | 24761730 |
| diagnosis of trypanosomatid infections: targeting the spliced leader rna. | trypanosomatids transcribe their genes in large polycistronic clusters that are further processed into mature mrna molecules by trans-splicing. during this maturation process, a conserved spliced leader rna (sl-rna) sequence of 39 bp is physically linked to the 5' end of the pre-mrna molecules. trypanosomatid infections cause a series of devastating diseases in man (sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, chagas disease) and animals (nagana, surra, dourine). here, we investigated the sl-rna molecule f ... | 2014 | 24814957 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against horse immunoglobulins useful for the diagnosis of equine diseases. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against horse igg were produced by immunizing balb/c mice with purified horse igg and were characterized in indirect elisa versus purified immunoglobulins from donkey, cow, buffalo, sheep, pig, and chicken. three mabs (1b10b6c9, 1b10b6c10, 1b10b6e9) reacted only with horse and donkey igg and igm and, in western blotting, were specific for the fc fragment of equine igg. mab 1b10b6e9 was used in chemiluminescent immunoblotting assay for the diagnosis of dourine and in ... | 2015 | 24905982 |
| inter-laboratory ring trials to evaluate serological methods for dourine diagnosis. | to evaluate the reproducibility of routine serological methods to detect trypanosoma equiperdum antibodies in equine sera, two inter-laboratory ring trials were organized involving 22 european and 4 non-european reference laboratories for dourine. the serological methods were the complement fixation test (cft; 25 laboratories) and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat; 4 laboratories). three of the laboratories applied both these methods. the sample panels were composed of sera that were ... | 2014 | 25015543 |
| molecular characterization and classification of trypanosoma spp. venezuelan isolates based on microsatellite markers and kinetoplast maxicircle genes. | livestock trypanosomoses, caused by three species of the trypanozoon subgenus, trypanosoma brucei brucei, t. evansi and t. equiperdum is widely distributed throughout the world and constitutes an important limitation for the production of animal protein. t. evansi and t. equiperdum are morphologically indistinguishable parasites that evolved from a common ancestor but acquired important biological differences, including host range, mode of transmission, distribution, clinical symptoms and pathog ... | 2015 | 26467019 |
| killing of trypanozoon parasites by the equine cathelicidin ecath1. | trypanozoon parasites infect both humans, causing sleeping sickness, and animals, causing nagana, surra, and dourine. control of nagana and surra depends to a great extent on chemotherapy. however, drug resistance to several of the front-line drugs is rising. furthermore, there is no official treatment for dourine. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop antiparasitic agents with novel modes of action. host defense peptides have recently gained attention as promising candidates. we have pr ... | 2016 | 26824936 |
| serodiagnosis of bovine trypanosomosis caused by non-tsetse transmitted trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax parasites using the soluble form of a trypanozoon variant surface glycoprotein antigen. | previous studies have shown that a 64-kda antigen (p64) that was purified from the venezuelan teap-n/d1 isolate of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) equiperdum corresponds to the soluble form of its predominant variant surface glycoprotein (vsg), and exhibited cross-reactivity with trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax. the course of experimental acute infections of bovines with t. vivax were followed by measuring whole anti-p64 antibodies and specific anti-p64 igg and igm antibodies in animal sera by indirect ... | 2016 | 26872925 |
| immunological identification of a camp-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit-like protein from the trypanosoma equiperdum teap-n/d1 isolate. | polyclonal immunoglobulin y (igy) antibodies were produced in chicken eggs against the purified r(ii)-subunit of the camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) from pig heart, which corresponds to the sus scrofa r(ii)α isoform. in order to evaluate whether trypanosoma equiperdum possessed pka r-like proteins, parasites from the venezuelan teap-n/d1 strain were examined using the generated anti-r(ii) igy antibodies. western blot experiments revealed a 57-kda polypeptide band that was distinctively recog ... | 2016 | 26983367 |
| further evidence from sscp and its dna sequencing support trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma equiperdum as subspecies or even strains of trypanosoma brucei. | the subgenus trypanozoon includes three species trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma equiperdum, which are morphologically identical and indistinguishable even using some molecular methods. in this study, pcr-based single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) was used to analyze the ribosomal dna of the trypanozoon species. data indicate different patterns of its2 fragments between t. brucei, t. evansi and t. equiperdum by sscp. furthermore, analysis of total its sequence ... | 2016 | 27016375 |
| equine disease surveillance: quarterly summary. | multiple reports of equine herpesvirus type 1 in the ukfirst cases of dourine in botswana and equine infectious anaemia in greecesummary of uk surveillance testing, october to december 2015these are among matters discussed in the most recent quarterly equine disease surveillance report, prepared by defra, the animal health trust and the british equine veterinary association. | 2016 | 27179087 |
| in vitro production of trypanosoma equiperdum antigen and its evaluation for use in serodiagnosis of dourine. | a modified baltz's in vitro cultivation system for the propagation of trypanosoma equiperdum strain ovi was established to develop a replacement for the conventional production procedure of dourine diagnostic antigen in rats. to increase trypanosome yields we designed an optimized culture medium by addition of supplemental compounds. trypanosomes were adapted to this medium by two succeeding cultivation steps which led to a substantial proliferation rate and an increased cell density tolerance, ... | 2016 | 27198790 |
| isolation, cultivation and molecular characterization of a new trypanosoma equiperdum strain in mongolia. | trypanosoma equiperdum causes dourine via sexual transmission in equidae. t. equiperdum is classified under the subgenus trypanozoon along with the t. brucei sspp. and t. evansi; however, the species classification of trypanozoon remains a controversial topic due to the limited number of t. equiperdum reference strains. in addition, it is possible that some were misclassified t. evansi strains. thus, there is a strong need for a new t. equiperdum strain directly isolated from the genital mucosa ... | 2016 | 27580944 |
| first draft genome sequence of the dourine causative agent: trypanosoma equiperdum strain ovi. | trypanosoma equiperdum is the causative agent of dourine, a sexually-transmitted infection of horses. this parasite belongs to the subgenus trypanozoon that also includes the agent of sleeping sickness (trypanosoma brucei) and surra (trypanosoma evansi). we herein report the genome sequence of a t. equiperdum strain ovi, isolated from a horse in south-africa in 1976. this is the first genome sequence of the t. equiperdum species, and its availability will provide important insights for future st ... | 2017 | 28138343 |
| identification of potential protein partners that bind to the variant surface glycoprotein in trypanosoma equiperdum. | trypanosoma equiperdum possesses a dense coat of a variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) that is used to evade the host immune response by a process known as antigenic variation. soluble and membrane forms of the predominant vsg from the venezuelan t. equiperdum teap-n/d1 strain (svsg and mvsg, respectively) were purified to homogeneity; and antibodies against svsg and mvsg were raised, isolated, and employed to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies that structurally mimic the vsg surface. prospective ... | 2017 | 28183369 |
| evidence of the presence of a calmodulin-sensitive plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase in trypanosoma equiperdum. | trypanosoma equiperdum belongs to the subgenus trypanozoon, which has a significant socio-economic impact by limiting animal protein productivity worldwide. proteins involved in the intracellular ca(2+) regulation are prospective chemotherapeutic targets since several drugs used in experimental treatment against trypanosomatids exert their action through the disruption of the parasite intracellular ca(2+) homeostasis. therefore, the plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase (pmca) is considered as a potenti ... | 2017 | 28213174 |
| the establishment of in vitro culture and drug screening systems for a newly isolated strain of trypanosoma equiperdum. | dourine is caused by trypanosoma equiperdum via coitus with an infected horse. although dourine is distributed in equidae worldwide and is listed as an internationally important animal disease by the world organization for animal health (oie), no effective treatment strategies have been established. in addition, there are no reports on drug discovery, because no drug screening system exists for this parasite. a new t. equiperdum strain was recently isolated from the genital organ of a stallion t ... | 2017 | 28437733 |
| dourine: a neglected disease of equids. | dourine is a venereal transmitted trypanosomosis causing a major health problem threatening equines worldwide. the origin and identification of trypanosoma equiperdum within the subgenus trypanozoon is still a subject of debate. unlike other trypanosomal infections, dourine is transmitted almost exclusively by coitus. diagnosis of dourine has continued to be a challenge, due to limited knowledge about the parasite and host-parasite interaction following infection. the pathological lesions caused ... | 2017 | 28439783 |
| genome-wide snp analysis reveals distinct origins of trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma equiperdum. | trypanosomes cause a variety of diseases in man and domestic animals in africa, latin america and asia. in the trypanozoon subgenus, trypanosoma brucei gambiense and t. b. rhodesiense cause human african trypanosomiasis, while t. b. brucei, t. evansi and t. equiperdum are responsible for nagana, surra and dourine in domestic animals, respectively. the genetic relationships between t. evansi and t. equiperdum and other trypanozoon species remain unclear because the majority of phylogenetic analys ... | 2017 | 28541535 |
| interaction of tubulin and protein kinase ck2 in trypanosoma equiperdum. | a polypeptide band with an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 was phosphorylated in vitro in whole-cell lysates of trypanosoma equiperdum. this band corresponds to tubulin as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of the phosphorylated polypeptide from t. equiperdum extracts when anti-α and anti-β tubulin monoclonal antibodies were employed. a parasite protein kinase ck2 was in charge of modifying tubulin given that common mammalian ck2 inhibitors such as emodin and gtp, hindered the phosphorylati ... | 2017 | 28672764 |