Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| influence of plant growth on degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in sludge-amended soil. | widespread application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils in denmark has led to concern about the possible accumulation and effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) in the soil ecosystem. therefore, we have studied the uptake and degradation of las in greenhouse pot experiments. sewage sludge was incorporated into a sandy soil to give a range from very low to very high applications (0.4 to 90 mg dry wt. ha(-1)). in addition, las was added as water solutions. the soil was transferred to ... | 2006 | 11476504 |
| cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced thermotolerance by overexpressing in arabidopsis thaliana. | a full-length cdna clone (hvapx1) encoding a peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidase was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haruna-nijyo) leaves by differential display. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hvapx1 gene had 75.3% homology to that from the gossypium hirsutum glyoxysomal apx gene and 72.1% homology to that from the arabidopsis thaliana peroxisomal apx gene, apx3. southern blot analysis indicated that a single-copy gene in the barley genome encoded hvapx1. northern blot analy ... | 2001 | 11483357 |
| expression of resistance to blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in 'chinese spring' wheat addition lines containing chromosomes from hordeum vulgare and h. chilense. | blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (syn. erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) causes an important disease of wheat (powdery mildew) to which hordeum vulgare and h. chilense are resistant. the study of chromosomal addition lines of h. vulgare and h. chilense in wheat showed that they possessed resistance to wheat powdery mildew. this was expressed as a reduction of disease severity but it was not associated with increased macroscopically visible necrosis. the resistance is of broad genetic basis, confer ... | 2001 | 11525065 |
| analysis of barley chloroplast psbd light-responsive promoter elements in transplastomic tobacco. | the plastid gene psbd encodes d2, a photosystem ii reaction center chlorophyll-binding protein. psbd is transcribed from a conserved chloroplast promoter that is activated by blue, white, or uv-a light. in this study, various forms of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) chloroplast psbd-lrp were fused to the uida reporter gene and introduced into the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plastid genome through homologous recombination. primer extension analysis of transcripts from the psbd-lrp-uida constru ... | 2001 | 11587507 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism-mediated targeting of the ml-o resistance locus in barley (hordeum vulgare). | the ml-o locus in barley confers resistance to all known races of the fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. since the molecular mechanisms underlying ml-o-mediated resistance are currently undefined, experiments have been initiated to isolate the gene by means of its map position. a collection of backcross lines containing ml-o alleles derived from six barley genotypes allowed us to identify a set of dna markers very tightly linked to the resistance locus. these markers span an unexpectedly sma ... | 1991 | 11607179 |
| gramine increase associated with rapid and transient systemic resistance in barley seedlings induced by mechanical and biological stresses. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is one of the intriguing issues for studying the mechanism in signal transduction system in a whole plant. we found that sar and increase of an antifungal compound were induced rapidly and transiently in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. goseshikoku) by mechanical and biological stresses. one of the major antifungal compounds was identified as an indole alkaloid, gramine (n,n-dimethyl-3-aminomethylindole), by mass spectrum and nmr analyses. gramine is well known a ... | 2001 | 11673626 |
| the arabidopsis protein shi represses gibberellin responses in arabidopsis and barley. | the current model of gibberellin (ga) signal transduction is based on a derepressible system and a number of candidate negative regulators have been identified in arabidopsis. we previously have reported the identification of the arabidopsis gene short internodes (shi) that causes suppression of ga responses when constitutively activated. in this paper, we show by using reporter gene analysis that the shi gene is expressed in young organs, e.g. shoot apices and root tips. the model predicts a su ... | 2001 | 11706176 |
| functional analysis of salt-inducible proline transporter of barley roots. | we cloned a cdna encoding hordeum vulgare proline transporter (hvprot) from salt-stressed barley roots by differential display. hvprot was 2,161 bp long and had an open reading frame encoding 450 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of hvprot was similar to those of proline transporter proteins of rice (65.7%), arabidopsis (57.7%) and tomato (42.0%). northern blot analysis showed that the transcript level of hvprot was induced in roots at 30 min after 200 mm nacl treatment and its peak w ... | 2001 | 11726714 |
| gamyb-like genes, flowering, and gibberellin signaling in arabidopsis. | we have identified three arabidopsis genes with gamyb-like activity, atmyb33, atmyb65, and atmyb101, which can substitute for barley (hordeum vulgare) gamyb in transactivating the barley alpha-amylase promoter. we have investigated the relationships between gibberellins (gas), these gamyb-like genes, and petiole elongation and flowering of arabidopsis. within 1 to 2 d of transferring plants from short- to long-day photoperiods, growth rate and erectness of petioles increased, and there were morp ... | 2001 | 11743113 |
| construction of a yac library from barley cultivar franka and identification of yac-derived markers linked to the rh2 gene conferring resistance to scald (rhynchosporium secalis). | the rh2 resistance gene of barley (hordeum vulgare) confers resistance against the scald pathogen (rhynchosporium secalis). a high-resolution genetic map of the rh2 region on chromosome i (7h) was established by the use of molecular markers. tightly linked markers from this region were used to screen existing and a newly constructed yeast artificial chromosome (yac) library of barley cv. franka composed of 45,000 clones representing approximately two genome equivalents. corresponding yac clones ... | 2001 | 11768206 |
| [localization of dna probes for human ribosomal genes on barley chromosomes]. | to estimate the possibility of plant genome mapping using human genome probes, the probes fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) of human 18s-28s rdna (clon 22f9 from the la-13nco1 library) was carried out on chromosomes of the spring barley hordeum vulgare l. as a control, wheat rdna probe (clon pta71) was taken. hybridization of the wheat dna probe revealed two major labelling sites on mitotic barley chromosomes 5i (7h) and 6i (6h), as well as several minor sites. with the human dna probe, s ... | 2001 | 11785302 |
| impact of fungicides on active oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) exposed to ozone. | two modern fungicides, a strobilurin, azoxystrobin (azo), and a triazole, epoxiconazole (epo), applied as foliar spray on spring barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. scarlett) 3 days prior to fumigation with injurious doses of ozone (150-250 ppb; 5 days; 7 h/day) induced a 50-60% protection against ozone injury on leaves. fungicide treatments of barley plants at growth stage (gs) 32 significantly increased the total leaf soluble protein content. additionally, activities of the antioxidative enzymes su ... | 2002 | 11808554 |
| progress in breeding low phytate crops. | populations that depend on grains and legumes as staple foods consume diets rich in phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexkisphosphate), the storage form of phosphorus in seeds. this compound binds tightly to important mineral nutrients such as iron and zinc, forming salts that are largely excreted. this phenomenon can contribute to mineral depletion and deficiency. as one approach to solving this and environmental problems associated with seed-derived dietary phytic acid, the u. s. departmen ... | 2002 | 11880580 |
| idi7, a new iron-regulated abc transporter from barley roots, localizes to the tonoplast. | a new fe-deficiency-induced cdna, idi7, was isolated from the roots of fe-deficient barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. ehimehadaka no. 1). the transcript levels of idi7 in roots strongly correlated with iron nutritional status, and induction by fe-deficiency was restricted to roots. excess treatment with heavy metal ions, such as copper, manganese, and zinc, did not cause obvious idi7 induction in either leaves or roots. idi7 encodes a 644 amino acid protein, and has features typical of atp-binding ... | 2002 | 11886893 |
| methyl jasmonate alters polyamine metabolism and induces systemic protection against powdery mildew infection in barley seedlings. | treatment of the first leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. golden promise) seedlings with methyl jasmonate (mj) led to small, but significant increases in levels of free putrescine and spermine 1 d later and to significant increases in levels of free putrescine, spermidine and spermine by 4 d following treatment. mj-treated first leaves also exhibited significant increases in the amounts of soluble conjugates of putrescine and spermidine 1, 2 and 4 d after treatment. in second leaves of pla ... | 2002 | 11886895 |
| a microsatellite sequence from the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) distinguishes between the centromeres of hordeum vulgare and h. bulbosum in hybrid plants. | a tc/ag-repeat microsatellite sequence derived from the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) hybridized to all of the centromeres of hordeum vulgare chromosomes, but hybridized faintly or not at all to the chromosomes of hordeum bulbosum. using this h. vulgare centromere-specific probe, the chromosomes of four f1 hybrids between h. vulgare and h. bulbosum were analyzed. the chromosome constitution in the root tips of the hybrids was mosaic, i.e., 7 (7v, h. vulgare) and 14 (7v + 7b h. bulbosum) ... | 2002 | 11908659 |
| structure and development of epiphylly in knox-transgenic tobacco. | anatomical modifications and developmental patterns of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants transgenic for the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) homeo box genes bkn-1 or bkn-3 were analysed and the morphogenetic processes interpreted. no appreciable difference between bkn-1 and bkn-3 transgenic tobacco was observed in the examined transgenic plants. they were dwarfed and developed epiphyllous appendages on all leaves except the cotyledons. two major categories of epiphyllous structure were recognised ... | 2002 | 11925035 |
| a small gtp-binding host protein is required for entry of powdery mildew fungus into epidermal cells of barley. | small gtp-binding proteins such as those from the rac family are cytosolic signal transduction proteins that often are involved in processing of extracellular stimuli. plant rac proteins are implicated in regulation of plant cell architecture, secondary wall formation, meristem signaling, and defense against pathogens. we isolated a racb homolog from barley (hordeum vulgare) to study its role in resistance to the barley powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei). racb was constitutiv ... | 2002 | 11950993 |
| abnormal etioplast development in barley seedlings infected with bsmv by seed transmission. | the effect of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus (bsmv) was studied on the ultrastructure of etioplasts, protochlorophyllide forms and the greening process of barley (hordeum vulgare cv. pannónia) plants infected by seed transmission. the leaves of 7- to 11-day-old etiolated seedlings were examined by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. the etioplasts of infected seedlings contained smaller prolamellar bodies with less regular membrane structure, while proth ... | 2002 | 11982946 |
| analysis of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) in wild barley from the fertile crescent: associations with ecology, geography and flowering time. | wild barley, hordeum spontaneum c. koch, is the progenitor of cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare. the centre of diversity is in the fertile crescent of the near east, where wild barley grows in a wide range of conditions (temperature, water availability, day length, etc.). the genetic diversity of 39 wild barley genotypes collected from israel, turkey and iran was studied with 33 ssrs of known map location. analysis of molecular variance (amova) was performed to partition the genetic variation p ... | 2002 | 11999832 |
| trends in comparative genetics and their potential impacts on wheat and barley research. | we review some general points about comparative mapping, the evolution of gene families and recent advances in the understanding of angiosperm phylogeny. these are considered in relation to studies of large-genome cereals, particularly barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum), with reference to methods of gene isolation. the relative merits of direct map-based cloning in barley and wheat, utilization of the smaller genome of rice (oryza sativa) and gene homology methods that utiliz ... | 2006 | 11999846 |
| identification of snip1, a novel protein that interacts with snf1-related protein kinase (snrk1). | plant snf1-related protein kinase (snrk1) phosphorylates 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a, nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase in vitro, and is required for expression of sucrose synthase in potato tubers and excised leaves. in this study, a barley (hordeum vulgare) endosperm cdna, snip1, was isolated by two-hybrid screening with barley snrk1b, a seed-specific form of snrk1. the protein encoded by the snip1 cdna was found to interact with barley snrk1b protein in vitro. souther ... | 2002 | 12008897 |
| a plant gene up-regulated at rust infection sites. | expression of the fis1 gene from flax (linum usitatissimum) is induced by a compatible rust (melampsora lini) infection. infection of transgenic plants containing a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene under the control of the fis1 promoter showed that induction is highly localized to those leaf mesophyll cells within and immediately surrounding rust infection sites. the level of induction reflects the extent of fungal growth. in a strong resistance reaction, such as the hypersensitive fleck m ... | 2002 | 12011348 |
| antibacterial effect of a magnetic field on serratia marcescens and related virulence to hordeum vulgare and rubus fruticosus callus cells. | the exposure to a static magnetic field of 80+/-20 gauss (8+/-2 mt) resulted in the inhibition of serratia marcescens growth. callus cell suspensions from hordeum vulgare and rubus fruticosus were also examined and only the former was found to be affected by the magnetic field, which induced a decreased viability. s. marcescens was shown to be virulent only toward h. vulgare and this virulence was reduced by the presence of the magnetic field. the modification of glutathione peroxidase activity ... | 2002 | 12031461 |
| genomic regions determining resistance to leaf stripe (pyrenophora graminea) in barley. | leaf stripe is a seed-borne disease of barley (hordeum vulgare) caused by pyrenophora graminea. little is known about the genetics of resistance to this pathogen. in the present work, qtl analysis was applied on two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations derived from two- and six-rowed barley genotypes with different levels of partial resistance to barley leaf stripe. quantitative trait loci for partial resistance were identified using the composite interval mapping (cim) method of plabqtl so ... | 2002 | 12033613 |
| contribution of cytophaga-like bacteria to the potential of turnover of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus by bacteria in the rhizosphere of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the functional potential of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in may, july, and august and cultivated on nutrient-rich substrate (1/10 tsba) and nutrient-poor substrate (cold soil extract agar) was determined. there was no significant difference in numbers of cfu when counted on nutrient rich or poor substrate. bacterial numbers increased approximately 3-fold in the rhizosphere soil from may to august but was unchanged in bulk soil over the same period. a tota ... | 2002 | 12037608 |
| trypsin-like proteinase produced by fusarium culmorum grown on grain proteins. | the fungal disease fusarium head blight occurs on wheat (triticum spp.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and is one of the worldwide problems of agriculture. it can be caused by various fusarium species. we are characterizing the proteinases of f. culmorum to investigate how they may help the fungus to attack the grain. a trypsin-like proteinase has been purified from a gluten-containing culture medium of f. culmorum. the enzyme was maximally active at about ph 9 and 45 degrees c, but was not sta ... | 2002 | 12059170 |
| lycopersicon assays of chemical/radiation genotoxicity for the study of environmental mutagens. | from a literature survey, 21 chemicals are tabulated that have been evaluated in 39 assays for their clastogenic effects in lycopersicon. nineteen of the 21 chemicals are reported as giving a positive reaction (i.e. causing chromosome aberrations). of these, five are reported positive with a dose response. in addition, 23 assays have been recorded for six types of radiation, all of which reacted positively. the results of 102 assays with 32 chemicals and seven types of radiation tested for the i ... | 2002 | 12088718 |
| initial proteome analysis of mature barley seeds and malt. | several barley (hordeum vulgare) cultivars are used in the production of malt for brewing. the malt quality depends on the cultivar, its growth and storage conditions, and the industrial process. to enhance studies on malt quality, we embarked on a proteome analysis approach for barley seeds and malt. the proteome analysis includes two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics for identification of selected proteins. this project initially focused on proteins i ... | 2002 | 12112856 |
| the barley mlo modulator of defense and cell death is responsive to biotic and abiotic stress stimuli. | lack of the barley (hordeum vulgare) seven-transmembrane domain mlo protein confers resistance against the fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). to broaden the basis for mlo structure/function studies, we sequenced additional mlo resistance alleles, two of which confer only partial resistance. wild-type mlo dampens the cell wall-restricted hydrogen peroxide burst at points of attempted fungal penetration of the epidermal cell wall, and in subtending mesophyll cells, it suppresse ... | 2002 | 12114562 |
| proteome analysis of grain filling and seed maturation in barley. | in monocotyledonous plants, the process of seed development involves the deposition of reserves in the starchy endosperm and development of the embryo and aleurone layer. the final stages of seed development are accompanied by an increase in desiccation tolerance and drying out of the mature seed. we have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for a time-resolved study of the changes in proteins that occur during seed development in barley (hordeum vulgare). about 1,000 low-salt extractable pr ... | 2002 | 12114584 |
| nitric oxide acts as an antioxidant and delays programmed cell death in barley aleurone layers. | nitric oxide (no) is a freely diffusible, gaseous free radical and an important signaling molecule in animals. in plants, no influences aspects of growth and development, and can affect plant responses to stress. in some cases, the effects of no are the result of its interaction with reactive oxygen species (ros). these interactions can be cytotoxic or protective. because gibberellin (ga)-induced programmed cell death (pcd) in barley (hordeum vulgare cv himalaya) aleurone layers is mediated by r ... | 2002 | 12177477 |
| chlorophyll breakdown in senescent chloroplasts (cleavage of pheophorbide a in two enzymic steps). | the cleavage of pheophorbide (pheide) a into primary fluoescent chlorophyll (chl) catabolites (pfccs) in senescent chloroplasts was investigated. chloroplast preparations isolated from senescent canola (brassica napus) cotyledons exhibited light-dependent production of pfcc when assay mixtures were supplemented with ferredoxin (fd). pfcc production in detergent-solubilized membranes was dependent on the presence of an fd-reducing system. pheide a cleavage required the action of two proteins, phe ... | 1997 | 12223835 |
| peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds (sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(s),12(s),13(s)-trihydroxy-10(e)-octadecenoic acid). | peroxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation of oleic acid in preparations of cereal seeds was investigated. the 105,000g particle fraction of oat (avena sativa) seed homogenate showed high peroxygenase activity, i.e. 3034 [plus or minus] 288 and 2441 [plus or minus] 168 nmol (10 min)-1 mg-1 protein in two cultivars, whereas the corresponding fraction obtained from barley (hordeum vulgare and hordeum distichum), rye (secale cereale), and wheat (triticum aestivum) showed only weak activity, i.e. 13 to 138 ... | 1996 | 12226220 |
| modulation of calmodulin mrna and protein levels in barley aleurone. | changes in calmodulin (cam) mrna and protein were investigated in aleurone layers of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv himalaya) incubated in the presence and absence of calcium, gibberellic acid (ga3), and abscisic acid (aba). cam mrna levels increased rapidly and transiently following incubation of aleurone layers in h2o, cacl2, or ga3. the increase in cam mrna was prevented by aba. this increase in cam mrna was brought about by physical stimulation during removal of the starchy endosperm from the ... | 1996 | 12226294 |
| cryopreservation of chlorophyll synthesis and apoprotein stabilization in barley etioplasts. | methods for the cryopreservation of protein import and integration in pea chloroplasts and of protein import or protein synthesis in tobacco mitochondria were modified to yield enzymatically active cryopreserved etioplasts from barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the cryoprotectants ethylene glycol and dimethy sulfoxide were about 64 and 77% effective, respectively, for the cryopreservation of etioplast intactness. phototransformation of protochlorophyllide a, esterification of chlorophyllide a or zinc ... | 1996 | 12226417 |
| the role of ligand exchange in the uptake of iron from microbial siderophores by gramineous plants. | the siderophore rhizoferrin, produced by the fungus rhizopus arrhizus, was previously found to be as an efficient fe source as fe-ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxphenylacetic acid) to strategy i plants. the role of this microbial siderophore in fe uptake by strategy ii plants is the focus of this research. fe-rhizoferrin was found to be an efficient fe source for barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and corn (zea mays l.). the mechanisms by which these gramineae utilize fe from fe-rhizoferrin and from other c ... | 1996 | 12226445 |
| the physiological relevance of na+-coupled k+-transport. | plant roots utilize at least two distinct pathways with high and low affinities to accumulate k+. the system for high-affinity k+ uptake, which takes place against the electrochemical k+ gradient, requires direct energization. energization of k+ uptake via na+ coupling has been observed in algae and was recently proposed as a mechanism for k+ uptake in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to investigate whether na+ coupling has general physiological relevance in energizing k+ transport, we screened a n ... | 1996 | 12226467 |
| tissue-specific expression of germin-like oxalate oxidase during development and fungal infection of barley seedlings. | oxalate oxidase activity was detected in situ during the development of barley seedlings. the presence of germin-like oxalate oxidase was confirmed by immunoblotting using an antibody directed against wheat germin produced in escherichia coli, which is shown to cross-react with barley (hordeum vulgare) oxalate oxidase and by enzymatic assay after electrophoresis of the protein extracts on polyacrylamide gels. in 3-d-old barley seedlings, oxalate oxidase is localized in the epidermal cells of the ... | 1995 | 12228419 |
| stimulation of barley plasmalemma h+-atpase by phytotoxic peptides from the fungal pathogen rhynchosporium secalis. | a small family of necrosis-inducing peptides has been identified as virulence factors of rhynchosporium secalis, a fungal pathogen of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) two members of this family, nip1 and nip3, were found to stimulate the phosphohydrolyzing activity of the mg2+-dependent, k+-stimulated h+-atpase of plasma membrane vesicles isolated from barley leaves by partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system. stimulation of enzyme activity was saturated by 10 to 15 [mu]m fungal protein. another m ... | 1993 | 12231685 |
| inhibition of sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase by cations and ionic strength. | fructans are storage carbohydrates found in many temperate grasses. the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of most fructans is sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase (sst). in this report, we demonstrate that k+ and ionic strength noncompetitively inhibit the activity of sst from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stems. the ki for this inhibition is high, 122 mm, but in the range of concentrations of k+ found in the tissue (205-314 mm). addition of kcl to the assay system had no effect on the ph ... | 1993 | 12231714 |
| porphyrin accumulation and export by isolated barley (hordeum vulgare) plastids (effect of diphenyl ether herbicides). | we have investigated the formation of porphyrin intermediates by isolated barley (hordeum vulgare) plastids incubated for 40 min with the porphyrin precursor 5-aminolevulinate and in the presence and absence of a diphenylether herbicide that blocks protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the enzyme in chlorophyll and heme synthesis that oxidizes protoporphyrinogen ix to protoporphyrin ix. in the absence of herbicide, about 50% of the protoporphyrin ix formed was found in the extraplastidic medium, which was ... | 1993 | 12231771 |
| dynamics of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment by light quality in chloroplasts. | long-term imbalance in light absorption and electron transport by photosystem i (psi) and photosystem ii (psii) in chloroplasts brings about changes in the composition, structure, and function of thylakoid membranes. the response entails adjustment in the photosystem ratio, which is optimized to help the plant retain a high quantum efficiency of photosynthesis (w.s. chow, a. melis, j.m. anderson [1990] proc nat acad sci usa 87: 7502-7506). the dynamics of photosystem ratio adjustment were invest ... | 1993 | 12231808 |
| two related biosynthetic pathways of mugineic acids in gramineous plants. | the biosynthesis of mugineic acids was studied by feeding 2h- or 13c-labeled compounds to water-cultured roots in several gramineous plants. the fate of labeled compounds was monitored by using 2h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance. on investigating the proton changes during biosynthesis by feeding d,l-[3,3,4,4-d4]-methionine (98.6% 2h), 2h-labeled 2[prime]-deoxymugineic, mugineic, and 3-epihydroxymugineic acids were isolated from root washings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv minori), barley ... | 1993 | 12231828 |
| effect of jasmonic acid on the interaction of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) with the powdery mildew erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. | jasmonic acid or its methyl ester induce de novo synthesis of a number of proteins of mostly unknown function in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). in a topical spray application, 30 [mu]g of jasmonic acid per plant effectively protected barley against subsequent infection by erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. examination of jasmonic acid-induced barley proteins revealed the presence of several acid-soluble (ph 2.8) proteins. two prominent groups of 25 kd and 10 to 12 kd apparent molecular mass were pres ... | 1993 | 12231839 |
| synergistic enhancement of the antifungal activity of wheat and barley thionins by radish and oilseed rape 2s albumins and by barley trypsin inhibitors. | although thionins and 2s albumins are generally considered as storage proteins, both classes of seed proteins are known to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. we have now found that the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) or barley (hordeum vulgare l.) thionin concentration required for 50% inhibition of fungal growth is lowered 2- to 73-fold when combined with 2s albumins (at sub- or noninhibitory concentrations) from radish (raphanus sativus l.) or oilseed rape (brassica napus l.). furthermore, t ... | 1993 | 12232024 |
| generation of large numbers of independently transformed fertile barley plants. | a rapid, efficient, and reproducible system to generate large numbers of independently transformed, self-fertile, transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants is described. immature zygotic embryos, young callus, and microspore-derived embryos were bombarded with a plasmid containing bar and uida either alone or in combination with another plasmid containing a barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein (bydvcp) gene. a total of 91 independent bialaphos-resistant callus lines expressed functional ph ... | 1994 | 12232059 |
| an early indicator of resistance in barley to russian wheat aphid. | during early stages of infestation by russian wheat aphids (diuraphis noxia [mordvilko]; rwas), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescence in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the rwa stylet sheath. the response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response, typical of resistance to microbial pathogens. resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (cac) than did susceptible barley. rwa stylet entry site ... | 1994 | 12232285 |
| acquired resistance in barley (the resistance mechanism induced by 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid is a phenocopy of a genetically based mechanism governing race-specific powdery mildew resistance). | treatment of susceptible barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (dcina) induces disease resistance against the powdery mildew fungus (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei). a cytological analysis of the interaction reveals the hypersensitive cell collapse in attacked, short epidermal cells, along with the accumulation of fluorescent material in papillae, that appear at the time of fungal arrest. the cell-type-specific hypersensitive reaction occurs prior to formation of ... | 1994 | 12232407 |
| the search for qtl in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) using a new mapping population. | ninety-nine different lines of the doubled-haploid f2 winter barley population w766 ('angora' x 'w704/137') were genetically fingerprinted using aflp, microsatellite, morphological and resistance markers. a preliminary map consisting of seven linkage groups is presented. the map contains a highly distorted region on the long arm of chromosome 3h reflecting preselection of the genotypes for resistance against barley mild mosaic virus. qtl analysis of morphological and phenological traits yielded ... | 2002 | 12378258 |
| function of a plant stress-induced gene, hva22. synthetic enhancement screen with its yeast homolog reveals its role in vesicular traffic. | expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare) hva22 gene is induced by environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and extreme temperatures, and by a plant stress hormone, abscisic acid. genes sharing high level of sequence similarities with hva22 exist in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, but not in any prokaryotic organisms. the yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) hva22 homolog, yop1p, has been shown to interact with the gtpase-interacting protein, yip1p. ... | 2002 | 12427979 |
| a novel nucleus-targeted protein is expressed in barley leaves during senescence and pathogen infection. | the barley (hordeum vulgare) cdna hvs40 represents a gene with enhanced mrna level during leaf senescence. biolistic transformation of onion (allium cepa) epidermal cell layers with a glucuronidase fusion protein construct provided evidence that the 15.4-kd protein encoded by hvs40 is localized to the nucleus. expression of the gene is induced by jasmonate and salicylic acid; both are known to act as signaling compounds during senescence and defense toward pathogens. transcript levels of hvs40 w ... | 2002 | 12427984 |
| characterization of the genes encoding the cytosolic and plastidial forms of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat endosperm. | in most species, the synthesis of adp-glucose (glc) by the enzyme adp-glc pyrophosphorylase (agpase) occurs entirely within the plastids in all tissues so far examined. however, in the endosperm of many, if not all grasses, a second form of agpase synthesizes adp-glc outside the plastid, presumably in the cytosol. in this paper, we show that in the endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum), the cytosolic form accounts for most of the agpase activity. using a combination of molecular and biochemical ... | 2002 | 12428011 |
| isolation of fungal cell wall degrading proteins from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves infected with rhynchosporium secalis. | proteins with antifungal activity towards rhynchosporium secalis conidia were isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of barley leaves. the active components were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography under conditions that maintained biological activity. five major barley iwf proteins deleterious to the cell wall of viable r. secalis conidia were isolated and identified by a combination of n-terminal amino acid sequencing, peptide mapping, and determination of mass and i ... | 2002 | 12437301 |
| impact of biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on rhizosphere bacteria isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) with special reference to cytophaga-like bacteria. | to assess the impact of the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on a collection of barley rhizosphere bacteria using an agar plate inhibition assay and a plant microcosm, focusing on a cha0-sensitive member of the cytophaga-like bacteria (clb). | 2002 | 12452964 |
| gramene, a tool for grass genomics. | gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (oryza sativa). it combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a stru ... | 2002 | 12481044 |
| biosensor reporting of root exudation from hordeum vulgare in relation to shoot nitrate concentration. | the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between shoot nitrate concentration, mediated by nitrate supply to roots, and root exudation from hordeum vulgare. plants were grown for 14 d in c-free sand microcosms, supplied with nutrient solution containing 2 mm nitrate. after this period, three treatments were applied for a further 14 d: (a) continued supply with 2 mm nitrate (zero boost), (b) supply with 10 mm nitrate (low boost), and (c) supply with 20 mm nitrate (high boost). at th ... | 2003 | 12493860 |
| rapid increase of vacuolar volume in response to salt stress. | suspension-cultured cells of mangrove [bruguiera sexangula (lour.) poir.] showed a rapid increase in vacuolar volume under salt stress, although there was no change in the cell volume. the rapid increase in the vacuolar volume was an active process, which followed the activation of the tonoplast h(+)-atpase and the vacuolar acid phosphatase. the same phenomenon was observed in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. doriru) root meristematic cells under salt stress but not in pea ( pisum sativum l.). inc ... | 2003 | 12520330 |
| characterization of two phases of chlorophyll formation during greening of etiolated barley leaves. | the esterification kinetics of chlorophyllide, obtained by a single flash of light, were investigated in etiolated barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) and oat ( avena sativa l.) leaves. a rapid phase, leading to esterification of 15% of total chlorophyllide within 15-30 s, was followed by a lag-phase of nearly 2 min and a subsequent main phase, leading to esterification of 85% of total chlorophyllide within 30-60 min. the presence of additional protochlorophyllide, produced in the leaves by incubation ... | 2003 | 12520340 |
| sucrose-phosphatase gene families in plants. | sucrose-phosphatase (spp; ec 3.1.3.24) catalyzes the final step in the pathway of sucrose biosynthesis and higher plants contain multiple isoforms of the enzyme encoded by different genes. the genome of the dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) contains four spp-like genes on chromosomes 1 (atspp1), 2 (atspp2) and 3 (atspp3a and atspp3b), all of which are expressed. the genome of the monocotyledonous plant rice (oryza sativa) also contains four spp-like genes, which have very s ... | 2003 | 12559580 |
| acquired resistance functions in mlo barley, which is hypersusceptible to magnaporthe grisea. | barley plants carrying a mutation in the mlo (barley [hordeum vulgare l.] cultivar ingrid) locus conferring a durable resistance against powdery mildew are hypersusceptible to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. it has been speculated that a functional mlo gene is required for the expression of basic pathogen resistance and that the loss of mlo function mediating powdery mildew resistance is an exception for this particular disease. here, we report that the onset of acquired resistance (ar ... | 2003 | 12575744 |
| a new class of n-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases. purification, cloning, and expression of a barley agmatine coumaroyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.64). | agmatine coumaroyltransferase (act), which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of antifungal hydroxycinnamoylagmatine derivatives, was purified to apparent homogeneity from 3-day-old etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings. the enzyme was highly specific for agmatine as acyl acceptor and had the highest specificity for p-coumaroyl-coa among various acyl donors with a specific activity of 29.7 nanokatal x mg(-1) protein. barley act was found to be a single polypeptide chain of 48 ... | 2003 | 12582168 |
| rflp mapping of a hordeum bulbosum gene highly expressed in pistils and its relationship to homoeologous loci in other gramineae species. | a cdna sequence (hbc8-2) isolated from pistils of the self-incompatible species hordeum bulbosum was analysed for expression pattern and genetic map location. hbc8-2 was expressed just prior to anthesis in mature pistils, and expression was maintained at a high level throughout anthesis. the same expression pattern was found in self-incompatible rye ( secale cereale), but no expression was detected in the self-compatible cereals wheat ( triticum aestivum) or barley ( hordeum vulgare) at comparab ... | 2002 | 12582529 |
| localisation of genes for resistance against blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei and puccinia graminis in a cross between a barley cultivar and a wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) line. | the aims of this investigation have been to map new (quantitative) resistance genes against powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei l., and leaf rust, caused by puccinia hordei l., in a cross between the barley ( hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) cultivar "vada" and the wild barley ( hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) line "1b-87" originating from israel. the population consisted of 121 recombinant inbred lines. resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew was tested on detached le ... | 2003 | 12582863 |
| powdery mildew-induced mla mrnas are alternatively spliced and contain multiple upstream open reading frames. | in barley (hordeum vulgare), the mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene confers rar1-dependent, avrmla13-specific resistance to blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). we have identified cdna and genomic copies of mla13 and used this coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-encoding gene as a model for the regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic fungi in cereals. we demonstrate quantitatively that a rapid increase in the accumulation of mla transcripts and transc ... | 2003 | 12586880 |
| 14-3-3 isoforms and pattern formation during barley microspore embryogenesis. | the members of the 14-3-3 isoform family have been shown to be developmentally regulated during animal embryogenesis, where they take part in cell differentiation processes. 14-3-3 isoform-specific expression patterns were studied in plant embryogenic processes, using barley (hordeum vulgare l.) microspore embryogenesis as a model system. after embryogenesis induction by stress, microspores with enlarged morphology showed higher viability than non-enlarged ones. following microspore culture, cel ... | 2003 | 12598573 |
| purification and identification of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) proteins that inhibit the alkaline serine proteinases of fusarium culmorum. | it has been proposed that microbial proteinase inhibitors, which are present in abundance in cereal grains, protect the seed against plant pathogens. so far, however, very little is known about the interactions of those inhibitors with the proteinases of phytopathogenic microbes. the increased alkaline proteinase activities of fusarium head blight (fhb) diseased wheat and barley grain imply that the fusarium fungi synthesize those enzymes during the colonization of the kernel. to study which bar ... | 2003 | 12617610 |
| population genetic structure of pyrenophora teres drechs. the causal agent of net blotch in sardinian landraces of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | monoconidial cultures of pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of barley net blotch, were isolated from leaves collected from six populations of the barley landrace "s'orgiu sardu" growing in five agro-ecological areas of sardinia, italy, and genotyped using aflps. the 150 isolates were from lesions of either the "net form" (p. teres f. sp. teres) or the "spot form" (p. teres f. sp. maculata) of the disease. of 121 aflp markers, 42%, were polymorphic. cluster analysis resolved the isolates into tw ... | 2003 | 12647071 |
| molecular and carbon isotopic composition of leaf wax in vegetation and aerosols in a northern prairie ecosystem. | we measured the molecular and carbon isotopic composition of major leaf wax compound classes in northern mixed mesic prairie species (agropyron smithii, stipa viridula, bouteloua gracilis, tragopogon dubius) and in selected crops (triticum aestivum, brassica napus, hordeum vulgare, medicago sativa) of southern alberta and also in aerosols collected 4 m above the prairie canopy. our aims were to better constrain the wax biosynthetic carbon isotopic fractionation relative to the plant's carbon iso ... | 2003 | 12647105 |
| reactive oxygen intermediates in plant-microbe interactions: who is who in powdery mildew resistance? | reactive oxygen intermediates (rois) such as hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and the superoxide anion radical (o*(2)(-)) accumulate in many plants during attack by microbial pathogens. despite a huge number of studies, the complete picture of the role of rois in the host-pathogen interaction is not yet fully understood. this situation is reflected by the controversially discussed question as to whether rois are key factors in the establishment and maintenance of either host cell inaccessibility or ... | 2003 | 12687357 |
| initial crop growth in soil collected from a closed animal waste lagoon. | in the 21st century, remediation of the soil beneath animal waste lagoons will become an important issue, as they are closed due to environmental regulations or to abandonment. the possibility of growing crops in the soil, which has high concentrations of ammonium-n, has not been studied. the objective of this experiment was to determine if crop species would germinate and grow in lagoon soil. soil was gathered from a lagoon that had received wastes from swine (sus scrofa) and beef (bos taurus) ... | 2003 | 12733569 |
| salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a key role in plant disease resistance and hypersensitive cell death but is also implicated in hardening responses to abiotic stressors. cadmium (cd) exposure increased the free sa contents of barley (hordeum vulgare) roots by a factor of about 2. cultivation of dry barley caryopses presoaked in sa-containing solution for only 6 h or single transient addition of sa at a 0.5 mm concentration to the hydroponics solution partially protected the seedlings from cd toxicity d ... | 2003 | 12746532 |
| nanolitre-scale assays to determine the activities of enzymes in individual plant cells. | there are a variety of methods for characterising gene expression at the level of individual cells and for demonstrating that the cells also contain the encoded proteins. however, measuring the activity of enzymes at the resolution of single cells in complex tissues, such as leaves, is problematic. we have addressed this by using single-cell sampling to extract 10-100 pl droplets of sap from individual plant cells and then measuring enzyme activities in these droplets with nanolitre-scale fluore ... | 2003 | 12753593 |
| role of reactive oxygen species in the response of barley to necrotrophic pathogens. | the interactions between hordeum vulgare(barley) and two fungal necrotrophs, rhynchosporium secalis and pyrenophora teres (causal agents of barley leaf scald and net blotch), were investigated in a detached-leaf system. an early oxidative burst specific to epidermal cells was observed in both the susceptible and resistant responses to r. secalis, and later on, a second susceptible-specific burst was observed. time points of the first and the second burst correlated closely with pathogen contact ... | 2003 | 12768351 |
| identification, cloning and characterization of two thioredoxin h isoforms, hvtrxh1 and hvtrxh2, from the barley seed proteome. | two thioredoxin h isoforms, hvtrxh1 and hvtrxh2, were identified in two and one spots, respectively, in a proteome analysis of barley (hordeum vulgare) seeds based on 2d gel electrophoresis and ms. hvtrxh1 was observed in 2d gel patterns of endosperm, aleurone layer and embryo of mature barley seeds, and hvtrxh2 was present mainly in the embryo. during germination, hvtrxh2 decreased in abundance and hvtrxh1 decreased in the aleurone layer and endosperm but remained at high levels in the embryo. ... | 2003 | 12787030 |
| analysis of genetic diversity of hordein in wild close relatives of barley from tibet. | we analyzed genetic diversity in the storage protein hordein encoded at hor-1, hor-2 and hor-3 loci in seeds from 211 accessions of wild close relatives of barley, hordeum vulgare ssp. agriocrithon and h. vulgare ssp. spontaneum. altogether 32, 27 and 13 different phenotypes were found for hor-1, hor-2 and hor-3, respectively. a comparison of our results with those of previous studies indicates that tibetan samples reflect the highest diverse level of hordein phenotypes when compared to samples ... | 2003 | 12819910 |
| analysis of nuclear dna content in capsicum (solanaceae) by flow cytometry and feulgen densitometry. | flow cytometric measurements of nuclear dna content were performed using ethidium bromide as the dna stain (internal standard, hordeum vulgare 'ditta', 1c = 5.063 pg) in 25 samples belonging to nine diploid species and four varieties of capsicum: c. chacoense, c. parvifolium, c. frutescens, c. chinense, c. annuum var. annuum, c. baccatum var. baccatum, c. baccatum var. pendulum, c. baccatum var. umbilicatum, c. eximium and c. pubescens, all with 2n = 24, and c. campylopodium with 2n = 26. in add ... | 2003 | 12824068 |
| persistence and prevention of aluminium- and paraquat-induced adaptive response to methyl mercuric chloride in plant cells in vivo. | induction and persistence of adaptive response by aluminium (al), 1 or 10 microm, and paraquat (pq), 5 or 10 microm, against genotoxicity of methyl mercuric chloride (mmcl), 1.26 microm, a standard environmental genotoxin, was investigated in root meristem cells of allium cepa. subsequently, three metabolic inhibitors, namely, 3-aminobezamide (3-ab, 10 or 100 microm), an inhibitor of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) implicated in dna repair and/or apoptosis, cycloheximide (ch, 0.1 or 1 microm) ... | 2003 | 12834754 |
| cytological and molecular analysis of the hordeum vulgare-puccinia triticina nonhost interaction. | cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare l., is considered to be a nonhost or intermediate host species for the wheat leaf rust fungus puccinia triticina. here, we have investigated, at the microscopic and molecular levels, the reaction of barley cultivars to wheat leaf rust infection. in the nonhost resistant cultivar cebada capa, abortion of fungal growth occurred at both pre- and posthaustorial stages, suggesting that defense genes are expressed throughout the development of the inappropriate fungu ... | 2003 | 12848428 |
| cloning and expression of a new tibetan hulless barley (hordeum vulgare) beta-1,3-glucanase gene. | a new full-length beta-1,3-glucanase cdna was obtained by rt-pcr and race techniques from tibet hulless barley and its complete gene sequence obtained by dna walking. sequence alignment with the blast program showed that cdna has high similarity with barley beta-1,3-glucanase ii. the gene was functionally expressed in e. coli and the recombinant protein catalysed the hydrolysis of beta-1,3-glucan with an action pattern characteristic of a beta-1,3-glucan endohydrolase (ec 3.2.1.39). southern blo ... | 2003 | 12882155 |
| resistance genes in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and their identification with molecular markers. | current information on barley resistance genes available from scientific papers and on-line databases is summarised. the recent literature contains information on 107 major resistance genes (r genes) against fungal pathogens (excluding powdery mildew), pathogenic viruses and aphids identified in hordeum vulgare accessions. the highest number of resistance genes was identified against puccinia hordei, rhynchosporium secalis, and the viruses baymv and bammv, with 17, 14 and 13 genes respectively. ... | 2003 | 12923305 |
| new perspectives on proanthocyanidin biochemistry and molecular regulation. | our understanding of proanthocyanidin (syn. condensed tannin) synthesis has been recently extended by substantial developments concerning both structural and regulatory genes. a gene encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase has been obtained from the tropical forage, desmodium uncinatum, with the latter enzyme catalyzing formation of (+)-catechin. the banyuls gene in arabidopsis thaliana, previously proposed to encode leucoanthocyanidin reductase or to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, has be ... | 2003 | 12943753 |
| [study of the influence of a new saponin of albizzia lebbek benth. on the germination and growth of chick-pea seeds (cicer arietinum linn.) and of barley seeds (hordeum vulgare linn.)]. | 1953 | 13126755 | |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify soluble beta-glucans in oats and barley. | a set of 31 murine monoclonal antibodies was produced against (1-->3,1-->4)beta-d-glucan from oats (avena sativa l.) chemically cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. monoclonal antibodies were tested for their cross-reactivity to related and unrelated polysaccharides. the antibodies reacted strongly to unmodified beta-glucan from oats and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and to lichenan from icelandic moss, a polysaccharide with a structure similar to that of beta-glucan but which is not encount ... | 2003 | 13129289 |
| damage potential of grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions. | we characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above- and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and canola (brassica campestris l.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central alaska. cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar melanoplus sanguinipes f. pot(-1). plants were harvested 22 d after planting. ste ... | 2003 | 14503591 |
| conversion of an amplified fragment length polymorphism marker into a co-dominant marker in the mapping of the rph15 gene conferring resistance to barley leaf rust, puccinia hordei otth. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia hordei, is an important disease afflicting barley ( hordeum vulgare) in many production regions of the world. the leaf rust resistance gene rph15 was identified in an accession of wild barley ( hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and is one of the most broadly effective resistance genes known. using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and simple sequence repeat markers, rph15 was mapped to chromosome 2hs in an f(2) population derived from a cross between bo ... | 2004 | 14523515 |
| seed 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin antioxidants are not involved in dormancy, but contribute to inhibition of germination during stress. | peroxiredoxins (prx) are thiol-dependent antioxidants containing one (1-cysteine [-cys]) or two (2-cys) conserved cys residues that protect lipids, enzymes, and dna against reactive oxygen species. in plants, the 1-cys prxs are highly expressed during late seed development, and the expression pattern is dormancy related in mature seeds. we have expressed the arabidopsis 1-cys prx atper1 in escherichia coli and show that this protein has antioxidant activity in vitro and protects e. coli in vivo ... | 2003 | 14526116 |
| bedding and seasonal effects on chemical and bacterial properties of feedlot cattle manure. | nutrients, soluble salts, and pathogenic bacteria in feedlot-pen manure have the potential to cause pollution of the environment. a three-year study (1998-2000) was conducted at a beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot in southern alberta, canada to determine the effect of bedding material [barley (hordeum vulgare l.) straw versus wood chips] and season on the chemical and bacterial properties of pen-floor manure. manure was sampled for chemical content (n, p, soluble salts, electrical conductivity, a ... | 2003 | 14535334 |
| possible evidence for transport of an iron cyanide complex by plants. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and wild cane (sorghum bicolor l.), were exposed to 15n-labeled ferrocyanide to determine whether these plant species can transport this iron cyanide complex. plants were treated with ferrocyanide in a nutrient solution that simulated iron cyanide contaminated groundwater and soil solutions. this nutrient solution has been shown to maintain ferrocyanide speciation with minimal dissociation to free cyanide. following treatment, all three plants ... | 2004 | 14568716 |
| exogenous silicon (si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | two contrasting barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars, i.e. kepin no.7 (salt sensitive) and jian 4 (salt tolerant), were grown hydroponically to study the effect of exogenous silicon (si) on time dependent changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and of lipid peroxidation in roots under salt stress. enzymes included: superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), catalase (cat) and glutathione reductase (gr). three treatments with three replicates were investigated consisting of a c ... | 2003 | 14610884 |
| functional analysis of barley rac/rop g-protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus. | small monomeric g-proteins of the plant ras (rat sarcome oncogene product) related c3 botulinum toxin substrate (rac)/rho of plants (rop) family are molecular switches in signal transduction of many cellular processes. rac/rops regulate hormone effects, subcellular gradients of ca2+, the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. therefore, we followed a genetic bottom-up strategy to study the role of these proteins during the interaction of barle ... | 2003 | 14617061 |
| characterisation of early transcriptional changes involving multiple signalling pathways in the mla13 barley interaction with powdery mildew ( blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). | suppression subtractive hybridisation was used to isolate 21 cdnas ( bmi1- bmi21) up-regulated 1-5 h post-inoculation (hpi) in a barley ( hordeum vulgare l. cv. pallas) near-isogenic line (nil) p11 ( mla13) challenged with either avirulent or virulent isolates of blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. transcriptional changes at these time-points are crucial for the mla-mediated hypersensitive response [w.r. bushnell and z. liu (1994) physiol mol plant pathol 44:389-402]. seven sequences were up-regula ... | 2004 | 14648226 |
| a new abscisic acid catabolic pathway. | we report the discovery of a new hydroxylated abscisic acid (aba) metabolite, found in the course of a mass spectrometric study of aba metabolism in brassica napus siliques. this metabolite reveals a previously unknown catabolic pathway for aba in which the 9'-methyl group of aba is oxidized. analogs of (+)-aba deuterated at the 8'-carbon atom and at both the 8'- and 9'-carbon atoms were fed to green siliques, and extracts containing the deuterated oxidized metabolites were analyzed to determine ... | 2004 | 14671016 |
| willet m. hays, great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of our association. | willet m. hays was a great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of the american genetic association (aga). we commemorate the aga's centennial. we mined university archives, u.s. department of agriculture (usda) yearbooks, plant breeding textbooks, scientific periodicals, and descendants for information. willet hays first recognized the individual plant as the unit of selection and started systematic pure-line selection and progeny tests in 1888. he developed useful plant breeding method ... | 2003 | 14691309 |
| apoplastic ph signaling in barley leaves attacked by the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. | to investigate apoplastic responses of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) to the barley powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, noninvasive microprobe techniques were employed. h(+)- and ca(2+)-selective microprobes were inserted into open stomata of barley leaves inoculated with blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race a6 conidia. resistance gene-mediated responses of barley genotype ingrid (susceptible parent line) and the near-isogenic resistant ingrid backcross lines (i-mlo5, i-mla12, an ... | 2004 | 14714875 |
| auxin from the developing inflorescence is required for the biosynthesis of active gibberellins in barley stems. | multiple gibberellins (gas) were quantified in the stems of intact, decapitated, and decapitated auxin-treated barley (hordeum vulgare) plants. removal of the developing inflorescence reduced the endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), ga(1), and ga(3) and increased the level of ga(29) in internodal and nodal tissues below the site of excision. application of iaa to the excised stump restored ga levels to normal in almost all cases. the conversion of [(14)c]ga(20) to bioactive [(14)c]ga ... | 2004 | 14730077 |
| nadh-dependent metabolism of nitric oxide in alfalfa root cultures expressing barley hemoglobin. | transgenic alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) root cultures expressing sense and antisense barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) hemoglobin were examined for their ability to metabolize no. extracts from lines overexpressing hemoglobin had approximately twice the no conversion rate of either control or antisense lines under normoxic conditions. only the control line showed a significant increase in the rate of no degradation when placed under anaerobic conditions. the decline in no was dependent on the presen ... | 2004 | 14740214 |
| effect of salt and osmotic stresses on the expression of genes for the vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase, h+-atpase subunit a, and na+/h+ antiporter from barley. | two cdna clones encoding vacuolar h+-inorganic pyrophosphatase (hvp1 and hvp10), one clone encoding the catalytic subunit (68 kda) of vacuolar h+-atpase (hvvha-a), and one clone encoding vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter (hvnhx1) were isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare), a salt-tolerant crop. salt stress increased the transcript levels of hvp1, hvp10, hvvha-a, and hvnhx1, and osmotic stress also increased the transcript levels of hvp1 and hvnhx1 in barley roots. the transcription of hvp1 in response ... | 2004 | 14754922 |
| sensitivity of aquatic plants to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl. | the sensitivity of 12 aquatic plant species to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl was tested in microcosm experiments under two growth conditions. as reference species, barley (hordeum vulgare) and oil-seed rape (brassica napus) were grown with their roots submerged in the microcosms. two response variables were chosen: relative growth rate and specific leaf area (sla). sla was the most sensitive response variable, with 11 of the 12 aquatic species responding to the herbicide. ec(50) values varied ... | 2004 | 14759661 |
| effects of feeding ground or steam-flaked broom sorghum and ground barley on performance of dairy cows in midlactation. | ten holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 5 x 5 replicated latin square design with 21-d periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or steam-flaked broom sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and ground barley (hordeum vulgare l.) on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility. diets were fed as total mixed ration and consisted of 46% forage and 54% concentrate (dm basis). treatment diets included ground barley, ground barley plus ground broom sorghum, ground broom sorghum, ground barley ... | 2004 | 14765818 |