Publications

inhibitory activity of green and black tea in a free radical-generating system using 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline as substrate.	green tea and black tea inhibit colon carcinogenesis in rats exposed to the cooked meat mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq). in the present investigation, green tea, black tea and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) were shown to block the production of oxygen free radicals derived from iq in the presence of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase. in kinetic studies using iq as the substrate and dmpo as a free radical spin trap, egcg increased the k(m) of the reaction without altering ...	1997	9263532
purification and characterization of a novel class iii peroxidase isoenzyme from tea leaves.	a novel, basic (isoelectric point > 10), heme peroxidase isoenzyme (tp; relative molecular weight = 34,660 +/- 10, mean +/- se) that can account for a significant part of the ascorbate peroxidase activity in tea (camellia sinensis) leaves has been purified to homogeneity. the ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrum is typical of heme-containing plant peroxidases, with a soret peak at 406 nm (epsilon = 115 mm-1 cm-1) and an a406/a280 value of 3.4. the enzyme has a high specific activity for ascor ...	1997	9276947
effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract on the rat diaphragm.	the effect of hot water extract of green tea on skeletal muscle and its neurotransmission was studied employing innervated and denervated rat diaphragm. green tea extract (gte) has a facilitatory effect at lower concentrations and a paralytic effect at higher concentrations on skeletomotor function. gte did not have any effect on direct twitch responses or on acetylcholine (ach) and kcl induced contractures of denervated rat diaphragm and it antagonised the submaximal paralytic effect of d-tuboc ...	1997	9292413
effect of black tea drinking on blood lipids, blood pressure and aspects of bowel habit.	thirty-one men (47 (sd 14) years) and thirty-four women (35 (sd 13) years) took part in a 4-week randomized cross-over trial to compare the effect of six mugs of black tea daily v. placebo (water, caffeine, milk and sugar) on blood lipids, bowel habit and blood pressure, measured during a run-in period and at the end of weeks 2, 3 and 4 of the test periods. compliance was established by adding a known amount of p-aminobenzoic acid (paba) to selected tea bags, and then measuring its excretion in ...	1997	9292758
effects of dietary consumption of black tea infusion alone and in combination with known clastogens on mouse bone marrow chromosomes in vivo.	black tea infusion in water, in concentrations simulating human consumption, was administered by gavage daily to male swiss mice for 7 days. one set was given tea once daily and the other twice daily. the mice were then exposed to two known clastogens: chromium (vi) as potassium dichromate and mitomycin c on day 7, and killed after 24 hr. chromosome damage was studied in preparations made from bone marrow following colchine injection of all mice, and examination of the cells after pretreatment i ...	1997	9301648
theophylline metabolism in higher plants.	metabolism of [8-(14)c]theophylline was investigated in leaf segments from camellia sinensis (tea), camellia irrawadiensis, ilex paraguariensis (maté) and avena sativa, root segments of vigna mungo seedlings and cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus. there was extensive uptake and metabolism of [8-(14)c]theophylline by leaves of tea and camellia irrawadiensis and, to a lesser extent, maté. these purine alkaloid-containing species converted [8-(14)c]theophylline into 3-methylxanthine, x ...	1997	9305805
inhibition of collagenases from mouse lung carcinoma cells by green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins.	theaflavin and theaflavin digallate, which are components of black tea were examined by in vitro invasion assay with mouse lewis lung carcinoma ll2-lu3 cells, which are highly metastatic. the compounds inhibited invasion by the tumor cells. gelatin zymography showed that the cells secreted matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), probably including mmp-2 and mmp-9, which may be involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. theaflavin and theaflavin digallate also inhibited mmps from the culture mediu ...	1997	9339552
some perspectives on dietary inhibition of carcinogenesis: studies with curcumin and tea.	topical application of curcumin inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis on mouse skin, and oral administration of curcumin inhibits chemically induced oral, forestomach, duodenal, and colon carcinogenesis. curcumin and other inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase are thought to inhibit carcinogenesis by preventing the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites. in contrast to our expectation of a tumorigenic effect of arachidonic acid, we found that treatment of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anth ...	1997	9349692
consumption of green or black tea does not increase resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in humans.	epidemiologic studies indicated that tea consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. we assessed the effect of green or black tea consumption on resistance of low-density lipoprotein (ldl) to oxidation ex vivo and on serum lipid concentrations in healthy volunteers. in a 4-wk parallel comparison trial, 45 volunteers consumed 900 ml (6 cups) mineral water, green tea, or black tea/d. blood samples drawn while subjects were fasting were obtained before and after the study. the effect on ...	1997	9356529
possible mechanisms of antimutagens by various teas as judged by their effects on mutagenesis by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and benzo[a]pyrene.	possible mechanisms of antimutagenicity of various tea extracts (green, pouchong, oolong and black tea) toward 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) and benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) were investigated using a salmonella/microsome assay. tea extracts exhibited no inhibitory effects toward iq and b[a]p in bio-antimutagenic assays, indicating that their antimutagenic activity is desmutagenic in nature. the mutagenicities of iq and b[a]p decreased as the reaction periods of tea extracts with promuta ...	1997	9357568
urine levels of aluminum after drinking tea.	a microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure coupled with a graphite furnace atomic absorption method has been applied in the determination of aluminum (al) in urine to verify the correlation of free forms of al in tea infusions and urinary excretion of al. significant urinary al excretion has been found in 24-h urine of four volunteers after tea drinking. however, the difference in amount of al excretion in urine between the consumption of oolong (black tea) and long-jin (green tea), each of t ...	1997	9359993
inhibition of phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused inflammatory responses in sencar mouse skin by black tea polyphenols.	over the past 10 years many studies from several laboratories defined anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of tea, a widely consumed beverage by the human population. much of such work has been conducted with green tea or its polyphenolic constituents. regarding black tea, studies have shown that its water extract affords protection against tumor promotion caused by chemical carcinogens or ultraviolet b radiation in murine skin carcinogenesis models. several studies have shown that top ...	1997	9363999
protective effects of tea polyphenols against oxidative damage to red blood cells.	tea polyphenols (tpp) from black and green teas were evaluated for their antioxidant effects on normal red blood cells (rbc) and beta-thalassemic rbc membranes challenged with exogenous oxidants in vitro. the tpp of both types protected rbc against primaquine-induced lysis; they also protected the whole cells and the membranes against h2o2-induced lipid peroxidation so that about 80% protection was reached at [tpp] = 10 microg/ml. tpp from black tea at the same concentration protected normal rbc ...	1997	9374417
effects of theaflavins on n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis.	the purpose of this experiment was to compare the inhibitory effects of the polyphenol fraction of black tea, theaflavins (tf), the polyphenol fraction of green tea, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) in the rat esophageal tumor model. the tea fractions were administered in the drinking water at concentrations of 360 and 1,200 ppm for two weeks before administration of the esophageal carcinogen n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba). nmba was administered subcutaneously in 10% dimethyl sulfoxi ...	1997	9383778
inhibitory effect of black tea on the growth of established skin tumors in mice: effects on tumor size, apoptosis, mitosis and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into dna.	female cd-1 mice were initiated with a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and promoted with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. mice with established papillomas were then treated with black tea or decaffeinated black tea (approximately 4 mg tea solids/ml) as the sole source of drinking fluid for 11-15 weeks. in four separate experiments, oral administration of black tea inhibited the growth of papillomas (increase in tumor volume/mouse) by an average of 35%, 37%, 41% ...	1997	9395217
effects of green tea, black tea and dietary lipophilic antioxidants on ldl oxidizability and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits.	the hypothesis that tea or dietary lipid-soluble antioxidants reduce atherogenesis by lowering the oxidizability of low-density lipoprotein (ldl) was investigated. five groups of 20 female new zealand white rabbits were fed a restricted amount of a high-fat (30 en%) semipurified diet supplemented with cholesterol (0.15%, w/w) for 21 weeks. the vitamin e content of the control diet was 40 mg/kg diet. the animals received either green tea or black tea in their drinking water or vitamin e (200 mg/k ...	1997	9395271
microbiological screening of indian medicinal plants with special reference to enteropathogens.	the world health organisation (who) has recommended that all member states actively promote native medicines in their country. ten indian medicinal plants were screened for antibacterial activity specific to enteropathogens. diffusion and dilution methods were used to measure the antibacterial activity. allium sativum, camellia sinensis, and chamaesyce hirta showed higher activity when compared to the rest. they had a minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of < 100 micrograms/ml and gave inhib ...	1997	9395690
carbonic anhydrase from camelia sinensis (tea) leaves.	carbonic anhydrase (ca) (carbonate hydrolyase; e,c,4.2.1.1) from leaves of mature camelia sinensis was purified and characterized. the purification level was 53 fold. the optimum temperature for maximal enzyme activity is 50 degrees c. the optimum ph was 6.8 and this ph varied between 6.5 and 7.5. each enzyme molecule is a hexamer with an m(r) of 169,000 with subunits of m(r) = 28,000.	1997	9413559
effects of tea and chlorophyllin on the mutagenicity of n-hydroxy-iq: studies of enzyme inhibition, molecular complex formation, and degradation/scavenging of the active metabolites.	green tea and black tea inhibit the formation of carcinogen-dna adducts and colonic aberrant crypts in rats given 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (iq), a mutagen from cooked meat. the salmonella mutagenicity assay was used in the present study to test individual constituents of tea as inhibitors of 2-hydroxyamino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (n-hydroxy-iq), a direct-acting metabolite of iq. testing of pure compounds at doses relevant to their levels in tea identified epigallocatechi ...	1997	9435888
use of herbal products, coffee or black tea, and over-the-counter medications as self-treatments among adults with asthma.	there are few data on the use of alternative therapies in adult asthma and their impact on health outcomes.	1997	9438488
cancer rates among drinkers of black tea.	studies in experimental animals have shown that compounds in tea can inhibit the process of carcinogenesis, with the beneficial effects accruing to both green and black teas. herein epidemiologic studies around the world are reviewed to assess the rates and risks of cancer among black tea drinkers. ecologic data suggest at most a modest benefit on total cancer, as there is considerable international variation in black tea consumption but generally small differences in overall cancer rates. cohor ...	1997	9447273
inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea: the evidence from experimental studies.	in its various forms, tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. elucidation of the chemical components of tea has revealed that the beverage is a rich repository of antioxidants. among these are the polyphenolics, common to green tea, but also found in black teas together with oxidized polymers that in part account, for the darkened color. consumption of tea on a regular basis has been associated with reduced risk of several forms of cancer in human populations, with the str ...	1997	9447274
black tea constituents, theaflavins, inhibit 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk)-induced lung tumorigenesis in a/j mice.	the present study investigated the inhibitory activity against lung tumorigenesis by a group of characteristic black tea polyphenols, theaflavins. in a short-term study, female a/j mice were treated with a single dose of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk; 103 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on day 0, and 0.1 and 0.3% theaflavins were administered as the sole source of drinking fluid starting 24 h after nnk treatment. the proliferation index of the lung tissues was measured by the incorporati ...	1997	9450482
[comparison between black tea and gargles on inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus].		1997	9455060
identification of beverages and beverage stains by gc/ms using aroma components as indicators.	a method to identify brown coloured beverages or beverage stains for criminological purposes was devised using aroma components as indicators. the examined beverages comprised three brands each of beer, coffee, cola and black tea, two brands of oolong tea, and four brands of green tea. aroma components in each sample were efficiently concentrated with a porous polymer beads column (porapak q) and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) using n-octyl alcohol as the internal ...	1998	9457532
dietary patterns in japanese migrants to southeastern brazil and their descendants.	this paper describes the dietary patterns of people of japanese ancestry living in são paulo, brazil. two cross-sectional surveys using a food frequency questionnaire (in 1989 and 1995) and self-administered three-day food record (only in 1995) were carried out in randomly chosen first-generation (japan-born) and second-generation (brazil-born) japanese living in the city of são paulo (n = 166), aged 40-69 years at the time of the first survey (1989). daily intake of rice, bread, milk, fruits an ...	1997	9465543
screening of potential cancer preventing chemicals for induction of glutathione in rat liver cells.	with brl 3a hepatocytes, a series of selected, potentially chemopreventive chemicals was evaluated for their capacity to elevate glutathione (gsh) levels. since sodium selenite consistently increased gsh levels by approximately 70%, it was selected as a positive control. of 62 test chemicals, eighteen stimulated gsh levels by >30%, but eleven of these had only a modest effect or displayed considerable toxicity. at non-toxic concentrations, seven compounds had substantial activity: black tea extr ...	1998	9468590
effect of black tea on azoxymethane-induced colon cancer.	two sets of experiments on the role of tea in azoxymethane (aom) induced colon cancer were performed. the first test involved male f344 rats given 1.25% solutions of black tea beginning at 5 weeks of age and ending at 51 days of age. at 6 and 7 weeks of age, they received 15 mg/kg aom and were held for 50 weeks. another group received the aom dosage at 6 and 7 weeks and were placed on the tea solutions 2 days after the last aom dosage, at 51 days of age, and held for the 50-week period. the end ...	1998	9472717
selection of column and gradient elution system for the separation of catechins in green tea using high-performance liquid chromatography.	a study of a variety of stationary phases and elution conditions for the liquid chromatographic (lc) determination of six biologically active green tea catechins has resulted in the development of two well-defined, reproducible systems for such analyses which overcome limitations of previously described methods. comparison of six reversed-phase columns indicates that deactivated stationary phases, which utilize ultrapure silica and maximize coverage of the silica support, provide significantly i ...	1998	9474785
potent suppressive activity of nonpolyphenolic fraction of green tea (camellia sinensis) against genotoxin-induced umu c gene expression in salmonella typhimurium (ta 1535/psk 1002), tumor promotor-dependent ornithine decarboxylase induction of balb/c 3t3 fibroblast cells, and chemically induced mouse skin tumorigenesis.	many experimental studies for anticarcinogenic activity of green tea (camellia sinensis) and tea-derived polyphenols have been carried out. however, the anticarcinogenic activity of the nonpolyphenolic fraction of green tea has been poorly elucidated. to study this problem, the effect of the nonpolyphenolic fraction of green tea leaves was analyzed using in vitro and in vivo experiments associated with tumor initiation and promotion as follows: 1) the nonpolyphenolic fraction caused a strong sup ...	1997	9485539
inhibition of xanthine oxidase by catechins from tea (camellia sinensis).	some epidemiological studies have associated tea drinking with several health benefits, while other such studies have been inconclusive. the liver enzyme, xanthine oxidase (xo) produces uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ros) during the catabolism of purines. excess of the former can lead to gout and of the latter to increased oxidative stress, mutagenesis and possibly cancer. polyphenols are antioxidants, and it has been suggested that they can reduce oxidative stress by their antioxidant p ...	2016	9494537
effects of japanese black tea on atherosclerotic disorders.	the atherogenic index was found to be significantly better in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with black tea extract than in the ones not given the extract. it was also evident that black tea inhibited the proliferation of smooth muscle cells involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and suppressed the production of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a cause of lipid accumulation. it thus seems likely that black tea has an antiatherosclerotic action.	1998	9501517
association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal japanese women.	caffeine intake has been proposed to influence breast cancer risk. its effect may be mediated by hormonal changes. the relationships between caffeine-containing beverages (coffee, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and cola) and serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were evaluated in 50 premenopausal japanese women. intakes of caffeine and caffeine-containing beverages were assessed by a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. blood samples were obtained from e ...	1998	9507508
inhibition of n-nitrosation of secondary amines in vitro by tea extracts and catechins.	inhibition of nitrite-mediated n-nitrosation of dimethylamine, morpholine and n-methylaniline by tea extracts and by 6 individual catechins in the extracts was studied. the inhibitions were detected by quantifying the nitrosamines formed. eight different kinds of teas (5 green teas, a roasted green tea, an oolong tea, and a black tea) were examined for their inhibitory abilities and for their catechin contents, with an attempt to correlate the inhibitory activities to the catechin contents. the ...	1998	9508368
effect of tea on the formation of dna adducts by azoxymethane.	1. the effect of black tea on the conversion of azoxymethane (aom) to dna reactive metabolites was studied in four groups of the male f344 rat. each received 1.25% solutions of tea for 2 or 6 weeks, and simultaneous controls drank water. all rats were injected s.c. twice with 15 mg/kg aom after the first or fifth week respectively, on tea or water, and again 1 week later. groups were killed 6 h after the last dose, or 18 h later. the liver and colon were rapidly removed and rinsed with buffer so ...	1998	9522444
inhibition of spontaneous formation of lung tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas in a/j mice by black and green tea.	we investigated the effects of black tea (bt) and green tea (gt) infusion on the spontaneous formation of lung tumors and rhabdomyosarcomas in a/j mice. female a/j mice, 6 weeks of age, were allocated into five groups (50 per group) and were given the following as the sole source of drinking fluid: (i) deionized water (control group), (ii) 0.5% bt, (iii) 1% bt, (iv) 2% bt and (v) 1% gt. after 60 weeks, the mice were killed by decapitation. lung tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume were signi ...	1998	9525286
protective role of black tea against oxidative damage of human red blood cells.	the purpose of our study was to explore the possible scavenging property of black tea and catechins, the major flavonols of tea-leaf, against damage by oxidative stress. for this purpose, human red blood cell (rbc) was taken as the model and the oxidative damage was induced by a variety of inducers, e.g. phenylhydrazine (phx), cu(2+)-ascorbic acid, and xanthine/xanthine oxidase systems. lipid peroxidation of pure erythrocyte membrane and of whole red blood cell could be completely prevented by b ...	1998	9535765
apolipoprotein e genotype modulates the effect of black tea drinking on blood lipids and blood coagulation factors: a pilot study.	apolipoprotein e (apoe) genotype was determined in sixty-five subjects who had taken part in a 4-week randomized crossover trial to compare the effect of six mugs of black tea per day v. placebo on blood lipids and blood coagulation factors. four apoe genotype variants (seven e2/e3, forty-five e3/e3, twelve e3/e4 and one e4/e4) were found. apoe allele frequency was within the range typical for caucasian populations (apoe-e2 5.4%; apoe-e3 83.8%; apoe-e4 10.8%). individuals bearing at least one e4 ...	1998	9536857
black tea consumption does not protect low density lipoprotein from oxidative modification.	to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effects of black tea on the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (ldl).	1998	9537306
consumption of tea and coffee and the risk of lung cancer in cigarette-smoking men: a case-control study in uruguay.	this study investigated the effect of drinking tea or coffee on the lung cancer risk of male cigarette smokers in a case-control in uruguay. four hundred and twenty-seven lung cancer cases were frequency matched on age and residence with 428 hospitalized controls suffering from conditions unrelated to tobacco smoking and diet. whereas coffee drinking had no effect on the lung cancer risk of the cigarette-smoking men in this study, black tea consumption decreased this risk. heavy drinkers of tea ...	1998	9567246
potent suppressing activity of the non-polyphenolic fraction of green tea (camellia sinensis) against genotoxin-induced umu c gene expression in salmonella typhimurium (ta 1535/psk 1002)--association with pheophytins a and b.	antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities of green tea extract and tea-derived polyphenols have been studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments. however, antigenotoxic substances in the non-polyphenolic fraction of green tea have been poorly elucidated. in the present study, the effect of the non-polyphenolic fraction of green tea on genotoxin-induced umu c gene expression was analyzed using a tester bacteria, and potent antigenotoxic substances in the non-polyphenolic fraction were identif ...	1997	9570394
isolation and identification of acetyl-coa carboxylase inhibitors from green tea (camellia sinensis).	an aqueous methanol extract from green tea showed potent acetyl-coa carboxylase inhibitory activity. an active compound was isolated from the extract and identified as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate by instrumental analyses. the ic50 value of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate was 3.1 x 10(-4) m. among tea catechins and related compounds, nearly equal activity was found in (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin gallate, whereas (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, gallic acid a ...	1998	9571782
inhibition of salivary amylase by black and green teas and their effects on the intraoral hydrolysis of starch.	tea decoctions prepared from a number of black and green teas inhibited amylase in human saliva. black teas gave higher levels of inhibition than green teas, and removal of tea tannins with gelatin led to the loss of inhibitory activity from all decoctions. streptococcal amylase was similarly inhibited by tea decoctions. fluoride was without effect on amylase. since salivary amylase hydrolyzes food starch to low molecular weight fermentable carbohydrates, experiments were carried out to determin ...	1998	9577990
mass spectrometry of selected components of biological interest in green tea extracts.	mass spectrometric methods including eims, fabms, and lc/esims have been surveyed as tools for the detection of catechins in extracts of green tea (camellia sinensis). eims provide both molecular weight and structure information, including epimer differentiation, on compounds 1, 2, and 4 and some structural information with compounds 5 and 6. fabms gives both molecular weight and structure information, by an retro-diels-alder mechanism, on all compounds. lc/esims provides unambiguous molecular w ...	1998	9584400
tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention.	in recent years, the concept of cancer chemoprevention has matured greatly. significant reversal or suppression of premalignancy in several sites by chemopreventive agents appears achievable. this article summarizes experimental data on chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols in different tumor bioassay systems. tea (camellia sinensis) is cultivated in about 30 countries, and is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. three main commercial tea varieties--green, black, and oolong--are ...	1997	9591194
chemopreventive effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) against cigarette smoke-induced mutations (sce) in humans.	green tea (camellia sinensis) is consumed daily between the meals or after meals in japan and other asian countries. in recent years, green tea and its major polyphenolics have been demonstrated to prevent chemically induced tumors in a variety of experimental animal models system. the exact mechanism(s) of its anticarcinogenic activity remains to be elucidated, but green tea polyphenolics have demonstrated antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and antipromotional effects, including inhi ...	1997	9591195
no effect of consumption of green and black tea on plasma lipid and antioxidant levels and on ldl oxidation in smokers.	intake of flavonoids is associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk. oxidation of ldl is a major step in atherogenesis, and antioxidants may protect ldl from oxidation. because tea is an important source of flavonoids, which are strong antioxidants, we have assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled study the effect of consumption of black and green tea and of intake of isolated green tea polyphenols on ldl oxidation ex vivo and on plasma levels of antioxidants and lipids. healthy male and f ...	1998	9598844
effects of tea polyphenols and flavonoids on liver microsomal glucuronidation of estradiol and estrone.	administration of 0.5 or 1% lyophilized green tea (5 or 10 mg tea solids per ml, respectively) as the sole source of drinking fluid to female long-evans rats for 18 days stimulated liver microsomal glucuronidation of estrone, estradiol and 4-nitrophenol by 30-37%, 15-27% and 26-60%, respectively. oral administration of 0.5% lyophilized green tea to female cd-1 mice for 18 days stimulated liver microsomal glucuronidation of estrone, estradiol and 4-nitrophenol by 33-37%, 12-22% and 172-191%, resp ...	1998	9605416
bioavailability of catechins from tea: the effect of milk.	to assess the blood concentration of catechins following green or black tea ingestion and the effect of addition of milk to black tea.	1998	9630386
tea and tea polyphenols inhibit cell hyperproliferation, lung tumorigenesis, and tumor progression.	both green and black tea have been shown to inhibit lung tumorigenesis in laboratory animal experiments. green tea inhibited n-nitrosodiethylamine-induced lung tumor incidence and multiplicity in female a/j mice when tea was given either during the carcinogen treatment period or during the post-carcinogen treatment period. in a separate tumorigenesis model, both decaffeinated black tea and decaffeinated green tea inhibited 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk)-induced lung tumor f ...	1998	9659588
plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the antioxidant flavonols quercetin and kaempferol as biomarkers for dietary intake.	flavonols are antioxidants that may reduce the risk of heart disease. two major flavonols in the diet are quercetin and kaempferol, and their main sources in the netherlands are tea and onions. we investigated whether plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of quercetin and kaempferol in humans could be used as biomarkers of intake. we provided 15 subjects with strong black tea (1600 ml/d) or fried onions (129 g/d) for 3 d each in random order separated by a 4-d washout period. the tea provi ...	1998	9665097
antimutagenic activity of tea towards 2-hydroxyamino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline: effect of tea concentration and brew time on electrophile scavenging.	green tea and black tea inhibit colon carcinogenesis in rats exposed to the cooked meat-derived mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (iq). the present study compared the inhibitory activities of green tea and black tea towards a direct-acting mutagenic metabolite of iq, namely 2-hydroxyamino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (n-hydroxy-iq), under various brewing conditions. the following observations were made: (a) green tea (sencha midoriiro) and black tea (english breakfast tea) bre ...	1998	9675318
worldwide prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases based on knowledge of mechanisms.	international research, particularly as part of us/japan programs, has led to major advances in knowledge of causes of heart disease, stroke, many types of cancer and diabetes, showing that individual lifestyle is associated with these diseases. in japan, a major health problem is high blood pressure and stroke, and cancer of the stomach, from excessive use of salt and salted, pickled foods, and the relative low intake of protective fruits and vegetables. we identified a likely gastric carcinoge ...	1998	9675332
effect of black tea polyphenols on plasma lipids in cholesterol-fed rats.	the influence of black tea polyphenols on plasma lipid levels was investigated in rats fed a 15% lard and 1% cholesterol diet. the diet was supplemented with 1% black tea polyphenols extracted and condensed from black tea. rats fed the lard-cholesterol diet showed an increase in plasma cholesterol and liver lipids compared to rats fed a basal diet. the supplementation of black tea polyphenols in this lard-cholesterol diet decreased the lipid levels in the plasma and increased the fecal excretion ...	1998	9675714
tea and coffee consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in middle-aged finnish men.	the association between coffee and black tea consumption and the subsequent risk of colon and rectal cancer was investigated within a finnish clinical trial cohort. one hundred eleven cases of colon cancer and 83 cases of rectal cancer were diagnosed over a median of 9.0 years of follow-up. proportional hazards regression models were used to derive adjusted relative risk (rr) and 95% confidence intervals (ci) for the association between coffee and tea consumption and cancer incidence. after cont ...	1998	9682247
black tea and mammary gland carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats fed control or high fat diets.	epidemiological studies suggest that tea may reduce cancer risk, and in laboratory rodents, chemopreventive effects of tea or purified extracts of tea have been demonstrated in lung, gastrointestinal tract and skin. there is some evidence of chemoprevention by tea in the mammary gland, but the data are not conclusive. in order to evaluate more fully the possible influence of black tea on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced mammary gland tumors in the female s-d (sprague-dawley) rat, th ...	1998	9683188
hplc method for evaluation of the free radical-scavenging activity of foods by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.	an hplc method for evaluation of the free radical-scavenging activity of foods by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) is reported. the activity was evaluated by measuring the decrease of dpph detected at 517 nm. by using this novel method, we determined the free radical-scavenging activity of several antioxidants: ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, trolox, and cysteine. the results gave good correlation between the radical-scavenging activity determined by hplc and by conventional colorimet ...	1998	9692204
bulk acoustic wave bacterial growth sensor applied to analysis of antimicrobial properties of tea.	a bulk acoustic wave (baw) bacterial growth sensor has been proposed for study of inhibitory effects of tea by continuous monitoring of disturbances in proteus growth in the aqueous extracts of various teas, e.g. green tea, fuzhuan brick tea, oolong tea, kudin tea, and black tea. the kinetic parameters, e.g. asymptote (a), maximum specific growth rate (microm), lag time (lambda), and generation time (g), accurately estimated by using the growth response model, have been first used to characteriz ...	1998	9694687
[flavonols, flavone and anthocyanins as natural antioxidants of food and their possible role in the prevention of chronic diseases].	flavonoids are non-nutritive compounds of plants that have been intensively investigated during the past years due to their possible protective effects against chronic diseases. in vitro studies were able to demonstrate for flavonols, flavones, and most recently also for anthocyanins a considerable antioxidative activity, mainly based on scavenging of oxygen radicals. flavonols and anthocyanins are commonly found in european fruits and vegetables. in addition, black tea and red wine may have a h ...	1998	9698642
potent suppressive activity of pheophytin a and b from the non-polyphenolic fraction of green tea (camellia sinensis) against tumor promotion in mouse skin.	chlorophyll-related compounds pheophytin a and b have been recently identified as antigenotoxic substances in the non-polyphenolic fraction of green tea (camellia sinensis), which suppressed umu c gene expression in tester bacteria induced by various genotoxins (okai and higashi-okai, cancer lett. 118 (1997) 117-123). in the present study, the authors analyzed in vivo and in vitro effects of pheophytin a and b from the non-polyphenolic fraction of green tea on tumor promotion in mouse skin as fo ...	1998	9719465
contribution of caffeine and flavanols in the induction of hepatic phase ii activities by green tea.	aqueous extracts of green tea, at concentrations of 2.5. 5.0 and 7.5%, were administered to rats as the sole drinking fluid for 4 weeks. hepatic glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity, determined using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene (dcnb) as substrates, and udp-glucuronosyl transferase activity, determined using 2-aminophenol as substrate, were induced but the effect was not always dose dependent. at the two highest doses, hepatic catalase activity was inhibit ...	1998	9734711
the effect of a component of tea (camellia sinensis) on methicillin resistance, pbp2' synthesis, and beta-lactamase production in staphylococcus aureus.	extracts of tea (camellia sinensis) can reverse methicillin resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and also, to some extent, penicillin resistance in beta-lactamase-producing s. aureus. these phenomena are explained by prevention of pbp2' synthesis and inhibition of secretion of beta-lactamase, respectively. synergy between beta-lactams and tea extracts were demonstrated by disc diffusion, chequerboard titration and growth curves. partition chromatography of an extract ...	1998	9738838
effect of green and black tea supplementation on lipids, lipid oxidation and fibrinogen in the hamster: mechanisms for the epidemiological benefits of tea drinking.	there is considerable epidemiological evidence that tea drinking lowers the risk of heart disease. however, the mechanism by which tea can be protective is unknown. hamsters were fed a normal or high cholesterol diet for 2 weeks and drank green or black tea ad libitum. the plasma lipid profile was significantly improved by both teas compared to controls. also in vivo lipid oxidation as measured by plasma lipid peroxides and ldl+vldl oxidizability were significantly decreased by the teas. in the ...	1998	9738930
dietary antioxidants inhibit development of fatty streak lesions in the ldl receptor-deficient mouse.	oxidized low density lipoprotein (ldl) promotes atherogenesis. although pharmacological antioxidants such as probucol inhibit both ldl oxidation and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals, the effects of natural antioxidants such as vitamin e are inconclusive. to further determine the effects of supplemental dietary antioxidants in vivo, we evaluated whether combined dietary antioxidants (0.1% vitamin e, 0.5% beta-carotene, and 0.05% vitamin c) inhibit ldl oxidation and fatty streak lesion de ...	1998	9743241
inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by black tea in fischer rats treated with a tobacco-specific carcinogen: caffeine as an important constituent.	here, we examined the effect of black tea and caffeine on lung tumorigenesis in f344 rats induced by the nicotine-derived carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) in a 2-year bioassay. nnk was administered s.c. at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight three times weekly for 20 weeks. animals were given either black tea as drinking water at concentrations of 2%, 1%, or 0.5%, or caffeine in drinking water at concentrations identical to those in 2% and 0.5% tea infusions for 22 wee ...	1998	9751618
potent suppressive activity of chlorophyll a and b from green tea (camellia sinensis) against tumor promotion in mouse skin.	potent antigenotoxic and anti-tumor promoting activities of chlorophyll a from green tea (camellia sinensis) have been shown using in vitro cell culture experiments (okai y. et al. (1996) mutation res., 370, 11-17). in the present study, the authors analyzed in vivo effects of chlorophyll a and b from green tea on tumor promotion in mouse skin in the following ways. 1. when chlorophyll a and b from green tea were applied before each treatment by a tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-ac ...	1998	9760704
the effects of black tea and other beverages on aspects of cognition and psychomotor performance.	nineteen healthy volunteers ingested 400 ml black tea, coffee, caffeinated water, decaffeinated tea or plain water on three occasions through the day (0900, 1400 and 1900 hours). a 2 x 2 factorial design with caffeine (0, 100 mg) and beverage type (water, tea) was employed, with coffee (100 mg caffeine) as a positive internal control, based on a five-way crossover. a psychometric test battery comprising critical flicker fusion (cff), choice reaction time (crt), short-term memory (stm) and subjec ...	1998	9784078
clinical trial on the effect of regular tea drinking on iron accumulation in genetic haemochromatosis.	black tea is known to be a potent inhibitor of intestinal absorption of non-haem iron at least in healthy subjects.	1998	9824354
an in vitro study of theaflavins extracted from black tea to neutralize bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus infections.	crude theaflavin was extracted from black tea and then fractionated by hplc into five components (initial peaks (ip), tf1, tf2a, tf2b, and tf3). the crude extract and the various fractions of theaflavin were collected and tested, individually and in combination, for antirotaviral activity. the mean effective concentration (ec50) was calculated and compared. activity varied from the most active being the uncharacterized theaflavin-like initial peaks (ip) with an ec50 of 0.125 microgram/ml to the ...	1998	9850995
black tea theaflavins induce programmed cell death in cultured human stomach cancer cells.	the exposure of human stomach cancer kato iii cells to black tea theaflavin extract, free theaflavin, and theaflavin digallate that are main components of the extract, led to both growth inhibition and the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). morphological changes showing apoptotic bodies were observed in the cells treated with black tea theaflavin extract, theaflavin and theaflavin digallate. the fragmentations by these theaflavin compounds of dna to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments ...	1998	9852288
protective action of plant polyphenols on radiation-induced chromatid breaks in cultured human cells.	the present study was performed to determine whether plant polyphenols can protect human cells against radiation-induced dna damage manifested as chromatid breaks. since each chromatid contains a single continuous molecule of double stranded dna, chromatid breaks represent unrepaired dna strand breaks. the addition of green or black tea extracts, their polyphenols or curcumin to cultures of human skin fibroblasts or pha-stimulated blood lymphocytes significantly reduced the frequencies of radiat ...	1998	9858893
contribution of theafulvins to the antimutagenicity of black tea: their mechanism of action.	theafulvins were isolated from black tea aqueous infusions and their antimutagenic activity was evaluated against a number of food carcinogens. theafulvins gave rise to a concentration-dependent inhibition of the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, nitrosopyrrolidine and nitrosopiperidine, but, in contrast, the mutagenicity of aflatoxin b1 was enhanced. the mutagenicity exhibite ...	1998	9862196
role of glutathione in the antiulcer effect of hot water extract of black tea (camellia sinensis).	the role of a hot water extract of black tea (camellia sinensis (l). o. kuntze theaceae) in the gastric cytoprotective mechanisms was studied using gastric mucosal lesions produced by various ulcerogens in rats as an experimental model. prior oral administration of black tea extract (bte) at 20 ml/kg, i.g. once a day for 7 days significantly reduced the incidence of gastric erosions and severity induced by ethanol, diethyldithiocarbamate (ddc) and diethylmaleate (dem). this treatment also favora ...	1998	9869262
antibacterial activity of camellia sinensis extracts against dental caries.	different bacteria were separated from saliva and teeth of cariogenic patients and identified by a variety of morphological and biochemical tests. extracts of green tea strongly inhibited escherichia coli, streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus mutans. the antibacterial effect of green and black tea extracts were compared with those of amoxicillin, cephradine and eugenol.	1998	9875456
effect of green tea and black tea on the metabolisms of mineral elements in old rats.	a 2-mo experiment with the white sprague-dawley (sd) rats was conducted to investigate the effect of the water extracts of black tea (btwe) and green tea (gtwe) and the black tea leaves (btf) and the green tea leaves (gtf) on the metabolism of mineral elements. one hundred eight 12-mo-old white sd rats were randomly divided into 13 groups; 6 of these drank the btwe or gtwe in which the water extracts concentrations of black tea or green tea were, respectively, 0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4%, and 6 of thes ...	1998	9877538
antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols.	tea is the most popular beverage, consumed by over two thirds of the world's population. tea is processed differently in different parts of the world to give green (20%), black (78%) or oolong tea (2%). green tea is consumed mostly in japan and china. the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities of green tea are extensively examined. the chemical components of green and black tea are polyphenols, which include ec, ecg, egc, egcg and tfs. this article reviews the epidemiological and experime ...	1999	9878691
structures of new acylated oleanene-type triterpene oligoglycosides, theasaponins e1 and e2, from the seeds of tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze.	two new acylated oleanene-type triterpene oligoglycosides, theasaponins e1 and e2, were isolated from the seeds of tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. the structures of theasaponins e1 and e2 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence to be expressed as 21-o-angeloyl-22-o-acetyltheasapogenol e 3-o-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl(1-->2])[beta-d-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-l - arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid and 21-o-angeloyl-28-o-acetyltheas ...	1998	9880909
protection by tea against uv-a + b-induced skin cancers in hairless mice.	consumption of tea, especially green tea, has been shown to reduce the incidence of ultraviolet (uv)-related skin tumors in hairless mice. because milk is added to much of the tea consumed in western cultures, we have studied the effects of including milk in the tea consumed by hairless mice receiving simulated solar radiation. under these conditions, mice consuming tea with 10% whole milk had 30% fewer papillomas, 50% fewer tumors, and 55% smaller lesions than mice consuming water. mice consumi ...	1998	9919614
biokinetic studies in humans with stable isotopes as tracers. part 2: uptake of molybdenum from aqueous solutions and labelled foodstuffs.	molybdenum (mo) has been identified as an essential trace mental for humans. the present study was aimed at the assessment of data on intestinal mo absorption from aqueous solutions and from foodstuffs in humans applying the methodology for intrinsic labelling described in part 1. the intestinal absorption of mo was investigated by means of a double tracer method in 3 healthy volunteers on a total of 15 occasions. when administered as aqueous solution, almost complete uptake of mo was observed u ...	1998	9919682
protection by black tea and green tea against uvb and uva + b induced skin cancer in hairless mice.	the effects of green and black tea consumption on the early indices of uvb and uva + b skin damage in hairless mice have been studied in the absence of any chemical tumour initiators or promoters. black tea consumption was associated with a reduction in the number of sunburn cells in the epidermis of mice 24 h after uva + b irradiation, although there was no effect of green tea. other indices of early damage such as necrotic cells or mitotic figures were not affected. neutrophil infiltration as ...	1998	9920445
effects of tea infusions of various varieties or different manufacturing types on inhibition of mouse mast cell activation.	we investigated effects of various tea infusions on mast cell activation using mouse mast cells. among various tea extracts, infusions from cultivar 'benihomare' and taiwan lineage strongly inhibited histamine release after fc epsilon ri cross-linking. among three types of tea (from cultivar 'benihomare'), extract from oolong tea or black tea inhibited histamine release more strongly than green tea extract. furthermore, 'benihomare' oolong tea extract suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of cellu ...	1998	9972253
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate from black tea blocks the nitric oxide synthase by down-regulating the activation of nf-kappab in macrophages.	nitric oxide (no) plays an important role in inflammation and also in multiple stages of carcinogenesis. we investigated the effects of various tea polyphenols, including theaflavin, a mixture of theaflavin-3-gallate and theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, thearubigin, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the induction of no synthase in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages, raw 264.7 cells. theaflavin-3,3'-digallate was found to be stronger than (-)-epigallocatechin-3-g ...	1999	10079014
chemopreventive effects of black tea polyphenols in mouse skin model of carcinogenesis.	in the present investigations, the antitumorigenic effect of black tea polyphenols (btp) in two-stage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis was studied. the animals were initiated with a single "subcarcinogenic" topical dose (52 micrograms/200 microliters acetone) of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba). to evaluate the anti-tumour initiating activity, btp was topically applied twice a week for three weeks prior to dmba application, followed by topical treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-ac ...	1998	10095927
plasma and lipoprotein levels of tea catechins following repeated tea consumption.	epidemiological studies suggest that antioxidant flavonoids in tea may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly via protection of low-density lipoproteins (ldl) against oxidation. however, the extent of absorption of tea flavonoids and their accumulation in ldl during regular consumption of tea is not clear. therefore we investigated plasma and lipoprotein levels of catechins during tea consumption and the impact on ldl oxidizability ex vivo. eighteen healthy adults consumed, in an in ...	1999	10202389
preclinical efficacy studies of green and black tea extracts.		1999	10202390
inhibitory effect of green and black tea on tumor growth.	the administration of green tea, black tea, or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibited the growth of established nonmalignant and malignant tumors in tumor-bearing mice. in experiments with black tea, we found that its oral administration inhibited dna synthesis and enhanced apoptosis in both nonmalignant and malignant tumors in tumor-bearing mice.	1999	10202394
cancer chemopreventive mechanisms of tea against heterocyclic amine mutagens from cooked meat.	cooking meat and fish under normal conditions produces heterocyclic amine mutagens, several of which have been shown to induce colon tumors in experimental animals. in our search for natural dietary components that might protect against these mutagens, it was found that green tea and black tea inhibit the formation of heterocyclic amine-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (acf) in the rat. since acf are considered to be putative preneoplastic lesions, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of tea ...	1999	10202396
the prevention of lung cancer induced by a tobacco-specific carcinogen in rodents by green and black tea.	a growing body of evidence from studies in laboratory animals indicates that green tea protects against cancer development at various organ sites. we have previously shown that green tea, administered as drinking water, inhibits lung tumor development in a/j mice treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (nnk), a potent nicotine-derived lung carcinogen found in tobacco. the inhibitory effect of green tea has been attributed to its major polyphenolic compound, epigallocatechin g ...	1999	10202397
antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic components of teas: implications for altering in vivo antioxidant status.	the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assay was used to determine the total antioxidant capacity of tea. green and black teas (n = 18) had a mean antioxidant capacity of 761.1 +/- 85.3 micromol trolox equivalents (te) per g dry matter. however, their antioxidant capacity varied from 235 micromol to over 1526 micromol trolox equivalents (te)/g dry matter, and total phenolics ranged from 32 to 147 mg/g in different commercial teas. one tea phenolics extract had an antioxidant capacity of 4 ...	1999	10202399
tea and health: the underlying mechanisms.	detailed multidisciplinary research on the effect of tea and the associated tea polyphenols has led to major advances on the underlying mechanisms. in most studies, green and black tea have similar effects, four of which are reviewed in this paper. 1) tea polyphenols are powerful antioxidants that may play a role in lowering the oxidation of ldl-cholesterol, with a consequent decreased risk of heart disease, and also diminish the formation of oxidized metabolites of dna, with an associated lower ...	1999	10202402
suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate.	previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), suppressed autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor induced by egf in human a431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. in this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of black tea polyphenols, including theaflavin (tf-1), a mixture (tf-2) of theaflavin-3-gallate (tf-2a) and theaflavin-3'-gallate (tf-2b), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf-3) and the thearubigin fracti ...	1999	10223207
inhibition of urinary bladder tumors induced by n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in rats by green tea.	recently, the anticarcinogenic effects of green tea have been studied in sites other than the urinary tract. the present study examined the inhibition by green tea of vesical tumors induced in rats by n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (bbn).	1999	10226814
effects of chemoprotective agents on the metabolic activation of the carcinogenic arylamines phip and 4-aminobiphenyl in human and rat liver microsomes.	carcinogenic aromatic amines, including the heterocyclic amines, may pose a significant health risk to humans. to determine the potential for chemoprotective intervention against the carcinogenicity of these arylamines and to better understand their mechanism of action, a range of agents, most of them natural dietary constituents, was examined in vitro for their ability to modulate the n-hydroxylation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip) and 4-aminobiphenyl (abp), an initial ...	1999	10227043
consumption of tea modulates the urinary excretion of mutagens in rats treated with iq. role of caffeine.	the present study was undertaken to investigate whether the consumption of green tea and black tea influences the excretion of mutagens and promutagens in rats treated orally with the food carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq). rats were maintained on aqueous extracts (2.5%, w/v) of green tea, black tea or decaffeinated black tea as their sole drinking liquid. after 4 weeks, the animals received, by gastric intubation, a single dose of iq (5 mg/kg), and urine was collected for ...	1999	10333533
purification and characterization of caffeine synthase from tea leaves.	caffeine synthase (cs), the s-adenosylmethionine-dependent n-methyltransferase involved in the last two steps of caffeine biosynthesis, was extracted from young tea (camellia sinensis) leaves; the cs was purified 520-fold to apparent homogeneity and a final specific activity of 5.7 nkat mg-1 protein by ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydroxyapatite, anion-exchange, adenosine-agarose, and gel-filtration chromatography. the native enzyme was monomeric with an apparent molecular mass of 61 kd as ...	1999	10364410
effects of oral administration of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on the formation and growth of tumors in high-risk skh-1 mice previously treated with ultraviolet b light.	treatment of skh-1 mice with ultraviolet b light (uv-b, 30 mj/cm2) twice a week for 22-23 weeks resulted in tumor-free animals with a high risk of developing malignant and nonmalignant tumors during the next several months in the absence of further uv-b treatment (high-risk mice). in three separate experiments, oral administration of green tea or black tea (4-6 mg tea solids/ml) as the sole source of drinking fluid for 18-23 weeks to these high-risk mice inhibited the formation and decreased the ...	1999	10368809
a review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part two.	botanical medicines have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease, while basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants provide their therapeutic effects. this article is part two in a review of botanicals used in the treatment of liver disease. curcuma longa (turmeric), camel ...	1999	10383482
genetic and dietary predictors of cyp2e1 activity: a phenotyping study in hawaii japanese using chlorzoxazone.	cytochrome p4502e1 (cyp2e1) is considered to play an important role in the metabolic activation of procarcinogens such as n-nitrosoamines and low molecular weight organic compounds. an rsai polymorphism is present in the 5'-flanking region of the cyp2e1 gene, which could possibly affect its transcription. however, the relationship between genotype and the phenotypic catalytic activity of the enzyme has not been defined. also, the effects in humans of specific dietary factors, other than ethanol, ...	1999	10385138
teas and other beverages suppress d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.	we compared the effects of various types of beverages (teas, coffee, and cocoa) on d-galactosamine-induced liver injury by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) activities in 7-wk-old male wistar rats. the effects of five fractions extracted with different organic solvents from green tea, different types of dietary fibers, and some short chain fatty acids were also investigated. all of the beverages tested significantly suppressed d-galactosamine-in ...	1999	10395599
scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced oxidative dna damage by aqueous extracts from green and black teas.	aqueous extracts of green and black teas have been shown to inhibit a variety of experimentally induced animal tumors, particularly ultraviolet (uv) b light-induced skin carcinogenesis. in the present study, we compared the effects of different extractable fractions of green and black teas on scavenging hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), and uv irradiation-induced formation of 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-ohdg) in vitro. green and black teas have been extracted by serial chloroform, ethyl acetate and n ...	1999	10401606