Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effects of increasing the fibre content of a layer diet. | the fibre content of a basal diet fed to laying hens was increased from 149.2 g to between 218.6 and 292.3 g/kg by the inclusion of various fibrous farm wastes and by-products at 200 g/kg diet. the fibrous ingredients lowered the metabolisable energy (me) of the basal diet from 11.82 to between 9.31 and 11.21 mj/kg. utilisation (g food/kg egg) of the basal diet was not significantly different from values for diets containing maize cob, cassava or maize starch residues. the diet containing maize ... | 1984 | 6329485 |
| fungal protein produced on cassava for growing rats and pigs. | 1983 | 6341343 | |
| cyanide in human disease: a review of clinical and laboratory evidence. | experimental cyanide exposure in animals causes demyelination and circumstantial clinical and laboratory evidence suggest that there are human parallels. in leber's hereditary optic atrophy there appears to be a defect in the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate because of deficient rhodanese activity. for transmitters of the disease smoking carries the risk of blindness and in the most severely affected patients, there is diffuse neurological disease. it is possible that other hereditary optic ... | 1983 | 6357925 |
| [post-traumatic nodular scleroderma]. | scleroderma of rare appearance in children appears in minor scale as to the five per cent on the whole incidence of this collagen disease. the children usually present localized scleroderma and at times associated with other pathologies, traumatisms and injections were referred. two patients aged 5 and 13 years old are presented, both with nodular lesions on anterolateral thigh area, and in the right buttock respectively. the patches of a side bigger than the palm of hand were only touchable and ... | 1983 | 6366390 |
| prevalence of heat-stable ii enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in pigs, water, and people at farms in thailand as determined by dna hybridization. | the dna hybridization assay employing a 460-base-pair fragment of dna encoding for the methanol-insoluble form of heat-stable toxin (st-ii) was used to determine the prevalence of st-ii enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) in pigs, people, and water at 57 farms in sri racha, thailand. st-ii etec was found in 62 (3%) of 2,110 suckling, 181 (32%) of 560 weaned, and 4 (1%) of 457 adult pigs examined. of 62 suckling pigs with st-ii etec infections 21% had diarrhea, but none of 185 infected older ... | 1984 | 6371049 |
| [acetobutylic fermentation: strains and regional raw materials]. | the purpose of the present work was to show, as a first stage, that it is possible to characterize autochtohnous strains of clostridium acetobutilicum of a good solvent producing capacity, specially n-butanol, through the utilization of suitable techniques for isolating anaerobic microorganisms. cassava roots were employed as raw material using suitable culture media and an anaerobic jar of cold catalyst. the fermentative capacity of the strains thus isolated was evaluated against a control stra ... | 1983 | 6400763 |
| is the adult protein-energy malnutrition syndrome the same as that described in the infant? | protein-energy malnutrition, a multi-factorial disease, has been described predominantly in the infant. it was the aim of this research to give a biochemical assessment of the adult form and to compare it to the infantile syndrome within the same socio-cultural context of central zaïre (kwilu region). thirty-four children, 22 women and 2 men suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor at the hospital of yasa-bonga (kwilu) were submitted to a complete set of 7 anthropometric and 60 biochemical tests. the ... | 1983 | 6416888 |
| conversion of cassava starch to biomass, carbohydrates, and acids by aspergillus niger. | the filamentous fungus, aspergillus niger, efficiently converted cassava polysaccharides to mycelial mass, simple sugars, and acids during the course of its growth. a typical 70-ml culture broth containing 2% cassava polysaccharides yielded 0.38 g dry mycelial mass, 1.14 mmol reducing sugars, and 1.17 meq acids at the end of 42 h. about 70% of the initial total carbohydrate in the medium was degraded during the same period. the sugars and acids in the culture broths were analyzed by hplc on a si ... | 1984 | 6490584 |
| physical structure and genetic organisation of the genome of maize streak virus (kenyan isolate). | the structure of the maize streak virus genome (kenyan isolate, msv-k), as determined from the sequence of clones obtained from dna isolated from virus particles, is composed of one major dna component of about 2.6 kb. msv virion dna is partially double-stranded, composed of a full-length virion (v) strand and a short (70-80b) primer (p) strand. the primer strand has a fixed 5'-end capped with alkaline labile material, presumably 1-2 ribonucleotides. the msv genome has two major coding regions o ... | 1984 | 6493977 |
| the time and energy expenditure of indigenous women horticulturalists in the northwest amazon. | the energy cost of subsistence activities and the daily time and energy budgets of tatuyo women were assessed as part of a village energy flow study. the tatuyo are swidden horticulturalists relying on bitter manioc (manihot esculenta) as a staple crop. except for the actual felling of new gardens, women are responsible for most of the horticultural work and food preparation. time budgets were assessed using 24-hour activity diaries. rates of energy expenditure in typical activities were measure ... | 1984 | 6496659 |
| serum and tissue thiocyanate concentrations in growing pigs fed cassava peel or corn based diets containing graded protein levels. | thiocyanate concentrations of serum, liver, kidney, spleen and longissimus dorsi were determined in 64 growing large white x landrace pigs offered 8 experimental isocaloric diets containing different levels of cassava peel and crude protein. cassava peel increased serum thiocyanate on day 60 (p less than 0.01) and day 90 (p less than 0.01) of the trial, while the crude protein level increased it (p less than 0.05) on days 30 and 90, respectively. interaction of the two factors was significant on ... | 1984 | 6506092 |
| the nucleotide sequence of maize streak virus dna. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna of maize streak virus (msv) has been determined. the data were accommodated into one dna circle of 2687 nucleotides, in contrast to previously characterised geminiviruses which have been shown to possess two circles of dna. comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the dna of msv with those of cassava latent virus (clv) and tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) showed no detectable homology. analysis of open reading frames revealed seven potential coding regions fo ... | 1984 | 6526009 |
| starch phosphorylase from tapioca (manihot utilissima) tuber: isolation and some physico-chemical properties. | 1984 | 6526410 | |
| [nutritive value of diets based on tubers and legumes consumed in 3 different proportions]. | this study was an attempt to determine the nutritional value of diets based on mixtures of manioc and cowpea flours. the proportions analyzed were 87/13, 70/30 and 50/50, respectively. the effect of supplementing these diets with methionine was also investigated. the nutritional value of the diets was evaluated using as a basis the percentage of utilizable protein. findings revealed that the protein was best utilized when the percentages of manioc and cowpea flours were 50/50, with significant d ... | 1984 | 6536219 |
| [sterility caused by protein deficiency: the role of prolactin]. | the first piece of research was made on mice in order to try to determine the importance of the ration of protein in the food in the maintenance of pregnancy and the mechanism by which protein lack leads to sterility. five groups of 100 couples were given diets which contained 23.5%, 12.48%, 10.50%, 7.01% and 0% of protein respectively over a period of 100 days. the drop in the percentage of protein was obtained by adding detoxicated cassava flour and the diet without any protein was made up of ... | 1984 | 6539794 |
| the use of blends of cassava flour and extruded full-fat soybeans in diets for broiler chickens. | a study was conducted to determine the effects of blending different levels of a low-prussic acid cassava flour with extruded full-fat soybeans in diets for growing broiler chickens. the full-fat soybeans contribute oil which increases the energy content of the diet, aids in overcoming the dusty nature of cassava, and provide high-quality protein. one-third, two-thirds, and all of the maize was replaced by cassava in diets with none, 12.5 and 25% extruded full-fat soybeans. diets were fed in pel ... | 1984 | 6544063 |
| natural toxins in plant foods. | certain plants - notably soya bean and cassava - contain substances which can produce adverse physiological effects in human beings. people have in some instances learnt to deal with these effects by cooking and other forms of preparation. | 1984 | 6544944 |
| [digestibility, protein value and protein requirements of diets based on plantain/bean and cassava/bean in young adults]. | information is provided on the nitrogen intake for nitrogen equilibrium in young human adults fed a cassava/bean diet and a plantain/bean diet. ten individuals participating in each study ingested levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g protein/kg/day at a constant energy level (45 kcal/kg/day), using the short-term nitrogen balance method with multiple intakes. even with intakes of 105.7 and 117.4 mg n/kg/day for the cassava/bean and plantain/bean diets, the experimental subjects did not reach a positi ... | 1984 | 6545646 |
| aspects of smoking in developing countries in africa. | this discussion of smoking in developing countries in africa focuses on the cultivation of tobacco and the economics of tobacco smoking. the cultivation of tobacco in africa has been encouraged in recent years by multinational companies, especially british american tobacco and rothmans, thus avoiding import duty on raw materials and conservation of scarce foreign exchange. in nigeria, 60,000 farmers now grow tobacco on 120,000 acres. the 3 major deleterious effects of cultivating tobacco are: ... | 1983 | 6582385 |
| factors affecting the capture of dietary nitrogen by micro-organisms in the forestomachs of the young steer. experiments with [15n]urea. | for a period of at least 2 weeks before an experimental collection each of four young steers received total daily intakes consisting of approximately (g/kg) 600 straw and 400 concentrates with the nitrogen provided mainly as urea and in which the main energy source was starch (tapioca) for diet 1 and glucose for diet 2. concentrates were given twice daily at about 09.00 and 17.00 hours, straw at 17.00 hours only. the value for the ratio, rumen-degradable n: metabolisable energy (g/mj) in the dai ... | 1983 | 6615770 |
| factors influencing the digestion of dietary carbohydrates between the mouth and abomasum of steers. | six protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with either barley straw (bs) or alkali-treated barley straw (bsa). other diets used were supplemented with urea (bsu and bsau respectively) or contained fish meal in place of tapioca bsf and bsaf respectively). the diets were given in a 6 x 6 latin square design. diets were isoenergetic and provided sufficient metabolizable energy (me) to suppor ... | 1983 | 6615772 |
| the chemical composition and true metabolisable energy content of cassava root meal imported into northern ireland. | 1983 | 6632790 | |
| production of oxalic acid by some fungi infected tubers. | oxalic acid (as oxalate) was detected in four tubers commonly used for food in nigeria-dioscorea rotundata (white yam), solanum tuberosum (irish potato), ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), and manihot esculenta (cassava). whereas healthy i. batata had the highest oxalic acid content, healthy m. esculenta contained the lowest. when all tubers were artifically inoculated with four fungi-penicillium oxalicum curie and thom, aspergillus niger van tiegh, a. flavus and a. tamarii kita, there was an incre ... | 1983 | 6670294 |
| effect of feeding cooked tapioca as compared to rice on the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rats. | 1983 | 6671677 | |
| effects of level of dietary intake and physical form of protein supplement on the digestibilities of different dietary carbohydrates between mouth and abomasum of young steers. | steers fitted with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given isoenergetic diets of rolled barley and chopped straw, pelleted together with some tapioca alone (b) or with some tapioca replaced by coarse soyabean meal (m) or finely ground soyabean flour (f). the diets were given at two levels to support 0.5 (l) and 1.0 (h) kg/d live weight gain. chromic oxide and peg were given as digesta flow markers. mouth to abomasum digestibilities of different dietary sugars at the low level of intake (lb ... | 1983 | 6686438 |
| the simultaneous estimation of the amounts of protozoal, bacterial and dietary nitrogen entering the duodenum of steers. | four steers were given straw and tapioca diets, twice daily, in a 4 x 4 latin-square design. these diets, containing 4.2 g nitrogen/kg dry matter (dm), were further supplemented with either urea, decorticated groundnut meal (dcgm), untreated (ut) casein or formaldehyde-treated (ft) casein to give a total of 19.7 g n/kg dm and 10.5 mj/kg dm daily. concurrent samples of rumen bacteria and protozoa and abomasal digesta were collected for each period of the experiment and the concentrations of 2-ami ... | 1984 | 6689939 |
| the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the degradability of feed nitrogen between the mouth and abomasum in steers given different diets. | protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with barley straw (bs) or alkali-treated barley straw (bsa). other diets were supplemented with urea (bsu and bsau respectively) or with fish meal replacing the tapioca (bsf and bsaf respectively). the diets were isoenergetic and calculated to provide sufficient metabolizable energy (me) to support a growth rate of 0.5 kg/d. rumen-degradable nitrogen ... | 1984 | 6689944 |
| the nutritional value of cassava root meal in laying hen diets. | 1984 | 6708461 | |
| cassava as a food. | this review has attempted to examine information pertaining to the role of cassava (manihot esculenta) as a major food source for a large part of the world population, particularly the countries of south america, africa, and asia, where it is primarily a major source of energy for 300 to 500 million people. its cultivation, usually on small farms with little technology, is estimated to cover on an annual basis about 11 million hectares providing about 105 million tons, more than half of which is ... | 1982 | 6756790 |
| optimal level of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) flour in the diet of the growing chick. | 1980 | 6781176 | |
| feed value of heated and unheated cassava starch for chicks. | 1980 | 6784412 | |
| [preliminary serological study of fungus cultivated by the manioc ant acromyrmex octospinosus reich in guadeloupe]. | the serologic study of four strains of fungus cultivated by acromyrmex octospinosus (reich) in guadeloupe has revealed four major antigens common to all four strains. two additional weaker antigens were present in some but not all strains, which may indicate quantitative differences in viral particles in the hyphae of the fungi. the use of serological techniques should facilitate taxonomic study of the fungi (and possibly the virus or viruses which parasitize the fungi) cultivated by different s ... | 1981 | 6788387 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris: a contribution to the fine structure and its significance. | a case of iris malignant melanoma, macroscopically classified as tapioca melanoma, was studied by electron microscopy. the tumor originated in the left eye of a patient, and a specimen was obtained during iridociclectomy. two main types of cells were found: the differences between them concerned mainly the golgi complex, mitochondria, rer and free ribosomes. the melanotic bodies, scantly represented, were carefully examined. the ultrastructural findings enabled us to classify these two types of ... | 1983 | 6843964 |
| endemic goiter in vietnam. | endemic goiter involves about 15% of the population of vietnam. to define the role of various factors which contribute to endemic goiter in vietnam, we surveyed 935 people in vancon, a lowland commune with goiter appearing only in the past decade, and 619 people in dich giao, a highland commune with endemic goiter treated erratically with iodized salt. in dich giao, cassava, a goitrogenic food, constitutes half of the dietary caloric intake. the prevalence of goiter was 45% in vancon and 28% in ... | 1983 | 6863473 |
| starch phosphorylase from tapioca leaves: absence of pyridoxal phosphate. | 1982 | 7125672 | |
| cassava: a basic energy source in the tropics. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is the fourth most important source of food energy in the tropics. more than two-thirds of the total production of this crop is used as food for humans, with lesser amounts being used for animal feed and industrial purposes. the ingestion of high levels of cassava has been associated with chronic cyanide toxicity in parts of africa, but this appears to be related to inadequate processing of the root and poor overall nutrition. although cassava is not a complete food i ... | 1982 | 7134971 |
| guaraná (paullinia cupana var. sorbilis): ecological and social perspectives on an economic plant of the central amazon basin. | guaraná is considered an ideal crop for supplementing the incomes of small peasant farmers in the amazon basin. a fast-growing perennial, guaraná can be planted in the midst of manioc crops, allowing the formation of extensive orchards in the place of regenerating scrub once the manioc has been harvested. traditional forms of guaraná agriculture practised by the saterê-mawé indians compare favourably with the plantation system favoured by government agronomists. indigenous techniques of hand-pro ... | 1982 | 7154700 |
| use of cassava leaf meal in diets for pigs in the humid tropics. | 1982 | 7157480 | |
| lipid metabolism in rats fed rice and tapioca. | 1982 | 7174042 | |
| effect of rice & tapioca on lipids concentration in tissues in rats under different conditions of dietary intake of protein & fat. | 1980 | 7216262 | |
| methionine requirement of weanling large white x landrace pigs and determined by plasma urea concentration, nitrogen retention and some urinary nitrogenous components. | the methionine requirements of weanling large white x landrace pigs fed a 20% protein cassava flour-soybean meal diet were evaluated using nitrogen balance, plasma urea concentration, urinary nitrogenous end products and the index--(allantoin/urinary urea) x protein intake (a/u x ip). sensitivities of the response criteria to sex differences in methionine requirements were compared. allantoin excretion consistently and significantly (p less than 0.05) increased with increasing methionine levels ... | 1981 | 7241224 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris arising from a ciliary body melanoma. | 1981 | 7247170 | |
| performance and pathophysiological changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide. | 1981 | 7255905 | |
| [effect of the cooking-extrusion process (brady crop cooker) on the nutritive value of mixtures based on cowpea (vigna sinensis)-corn, and cowpea-cassava]. | 1980 | 7283629 | |
| tapioca melanoma. | 1981 | 7294612 | |
| the teratogenic effects of dietary cassava on the pregnant albino rat: a preliminary report. | cassava is a tuberous root of a shrublike plant cultivated in tropical rain forests as a staple food in south eastern nigeria. reports are on record showing correlation between cassava intake and occurrence of various types of neuropathies (money, '59; monekosso and wilson, '66; osuntokun et al., '68,'69). about 0.1-2 mg of cyanide/100 gm is released from cassava by action of hydrolase (paula and rangel, '46). it has been suspected by several local clinicians as a cause of congenital anomalies i ... | 1981 | 7330778 |
| [sensitivity of different biological methods for differentiating the protein value of various foods]. | the nutritive value of proteins from different sources was studied. the value for per, weight of the animals, iec, npr, ndpcal%, digestibility (d), and biological value (bv) was determined with diets containing 7% of total protein. the best results were obtained for milk, opaque-2 corn, rice and soybeans. the association of rice + soybeans was optimum. the results suggest also that it is advantageous to supplement wheat with cassava. comparison of the results obtained by the different biological ... | 1981 | 7337518 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris: clinicopathological correlation with results of fluorescein angiography. | a tapioca melanoma in a 75-year-old caucasian man was shown by light microscopy to consist of spindle b cells with abundant vesicular cytoplasm, minimal pigmentation and surface nodularity that correlated with the gross appearance. electron microscopy showed spindle shaped cells with multiple premelanosomes and melanin granules. iris angiography demonstrated an irregular crisscrossing vascular network with a papillary configuration and fluorescein leakage confined to the tumour. the clinical app ... | 1981 | 7344765 |
| [effects of soluble carbohydrates from several tropical foods (cassava, peanuts, coconut and papaya) on calcium utilization in the rat]. | ethanolic extracts containing soluble sugars were prepared from four foods : cassava, peanut, coconut and papaye. six-month-old rats were given by stomach tube 10 mm cacl2 solution (+ 45ca) containing a carbohydrate. depending on the group, the carbohydrate was glucose or melibiose or raffinose at 200 mm concentration, or one ethanolic extract. blood samples were taken at different times after the administration and plasma radioactivity was measured. rats were sacrificed at 24 hours; femur radio ... | 1980 | 7469261 |
| [biomass production enriched in intracellular methionine by a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae]. | according with fao reported data the methionine intracellular content in saccharomyces cerevisiae is higher than another yeast. for increasing the yeast methionine internal concentration three s. cerevisiae mutant strains were chosen (m2, m4 y m9), obtained by ethionine (0.1 mg/ml) and norleucine (0.33 mg/ml) resistance by gonzález miliani (personal communication). the resistance levels in culture were modified until selection of a mutant lf-m9 etr norr, which shows resistance to ethionine (6 mg ... | 1993 | 7483968 |
| cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic glycosides from manihot esculenta. | in addition to lotaustralin and linamarin, a novel cyanogenic glycoside, 2-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2-met hylbutanenitrile , two novel non-cyanogenic glycosides, (2s)-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d- glucopyranosyl)oxy)butane and 2-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)propane, and a simple non-cyanogenic glycoside, ethyl beta-d-glucopyranoside, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the fresh root cortex of manihot esculenta. from a methan ... | 1995 | 7492370 |
| investigations on preileal digestion of starch from grain, potato and manioc in horses. | in this study preileal starch digestibility of starchy feeds (oats, corn, barley, potatoes, manioc) was determined in seven jejunofistulated horses. the grains were fed whole (oats, corn), rolled (oats, barley), crushed, ground and expanded (corn); the potatoes were fresh, the manioc rolled. ground corn was also fed in combination with amylase. the feeds were fed partly isolated or in combination with alfalfa meal or hay (table 1). at least four horses with a cannula in the terminal jejunum were ... | 1995 | 7495169 |
| a comparative study of cadmium, lead, zinc, ph, and bulk density from the enyigba lead and zinc mine in two different seasons. | soil ph and bulk density, as well as the concentrations of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) in soils and these metal levels in the leaves of cassava (manihot esculenta) and rice (oryza sativa), both collected, respectively, in the dry season (december) of 1991 and the rainy season (september) of 1992 from the enyigba lead and zinc mine, nigeria, were investigated. interspecific variations in trace element levels in the plant leaves were detected and may reflect the predilection of these pl ... | 1995 | 7498063 |
| serological relationships and epitope profiles of isolates of okra leaf curl geminivirus from africa and the middle east. | a panel of seven murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was raised against particles of okra leaf curl virus (olcv), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus which is prevalent in west africa. the mabs detected at least six distinguishable epitopes, two continuous and four discontinuous. in tests with these mabs, relatively little antigenic variation was found among 24 olcv isolates from burkina faso, chad, ghana, ivory coast, nigeria, oman and saudi arabia, each virus isolate reacting with at least five ... | 1993 | 7506936 |
| complementation of african cassava mosaic virus ac2 gene function in a mixed bipartite geminivirus infection. | we have previously demonstrated that african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dnas a and b efficiently complement the systemic spread of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) dna a when co-agroinoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana. here, we show that a mixture of an acmv dna a ac2 mutant and dna b that is normally unable to systemically infect n. benthamiana can do so at low frequency when co-agroinoculated with tgmv dna a. analysis of viral dna showed that the ac2 mutation was retained during infection. ... | 1995 | 7561766 |
| cyanide detoxification in cassava for food and feed uses. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important tropical root crop providing energy to about 500 million people. the presence of the two cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in cassava is a major factor limiting its use as food or feed. traditional processing techniques practiced in cassava production are known to reduce cyanide in tubers and leaves. drying is the most ubiquitous processing operation in many tropical countries. sun drying eliminates more cyanide than oven drying ... | 1995 | 7576161 |
| contribution of selected fungi to the reduction of cyanogen levels during solid substrate fermentation of cassava. | the effect of six individual strains of the dominant microflora in solid substrate fermenting cassava on cyanogen levels was examined. six out of eight batches of disinfected cassava root pieces were incubated for 72 h after inoculation with either of the fungi geotrichum candidum, mucor racemosus, neurospora sitophila, rhizopus oryzae and rhizopus stolonifer, or a bacillus sp., isolated from on-farm fermented cassava flours from uganda. one non-inoculated batch was incubated as a reference. lev ... | 1995 | 7577362 |
| regulation of african cassava mosaic virus complementary-sense gene expression by n-terminal sequences of the replication-associated protein ac1. | fragments of the african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) genome, cloned upstream of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in an expression cassette, were analysed for their ability to direct complementary-sense gene expression in tobacco protoplasts by measuring gus activity. five arbitrary domains (a-e) have been designated that contribute to the expression of ac1 (replication-associated protein) and ac4. consistent with earlier reports, ac1 gene expression was negatively regulated (80% reduct ... | 1995 | 7595345 |
| effective ribozyme delivery in plant cells. | hammerhead ribozyme sequences were incorporated into a tyrosine trna (trna(tyr)) and compared with nonembedded molecules. to increase the levels of ribozyme and control antisense in vivo, sequences were expressed from an autonomously replicating vector derived from african cassava mosaic geminivirus. in vitro, the nonembedded ribozyme cleaved more target rna, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), than the trna(tyr) ribozyme. in contrast, the trna(tyr) ribozyme was considerably more e ... | 1995 | 7597097 |
| fate in humans of dietary intake of cyanogenic glycosides from roots of sweet cassava consumed in cuba. | we studied if consumption of boiled fresh roots from sweet cassava varieties grown in cuba resulted in exposure to cyanogenic glycosides and their final breakdown product, cyanide. when adult, nonsmoking subjects consumed 1-4 kg cassava over 2 days, their urinary levels of the main cyanide metabolite, thiocyanate, only increased from a mean +/- sem of 12 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 2 mumol/l, indicating a negligible cyanide exposure. their mean urinary linamarin, the main cyanogenic glucoside in cassava, in ... | 1995 | 7613736 |
| evaluation of a layer diet formulated from non-conventional feedingstuffs. | 1. a layer diet, the formulation of which was based on several non-conventional feedingstuffs, was evaluated at the research station and under small farm conditions in sri lanka. the new feedingstuffs included finger millet, rice polishings, rubber seed meal, cassava leaf meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and dried poultry manure. a commercial mash, that is normally used on the farm, served as the control. 2. the performance and egg quality characteristics were similar between the test and control diets ... | 1995 | 7614021 |
| reducing cassava toxicity by heap-fermentation in uganda. | processing of cassava roots by the alur tribe in uganda includes a stage of solid substrate fermentation in heaps. changes in cyanogen levels during the process, microflora involved, and protein levels, amino acid patterns and mycotoxin contamination of the final products were studied. processing was monitored at six rural households and repeated at laboratory site, comparing it to sun-drying. flour samples from rural households were analysed for residual cyanogens, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity an ... | 1995 | 7621084 |
| characteristics of digestion of linted and lint-free cottonseed in diets for feedlot cattle. | eight holstein steers (439 kg) with "t" cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to evaluate the characteristics of digestion of pima cottonseed. treatments consisted of a basal growing-finishing diet containing (dm basis) 1) 15% tapioca, 2) 15% whole linted cottonseed (delta pine 61, dp); 3) 15% whole lint-free cottonseed (pima, pw), and 4) 15% ground pima cottonseed (pg). substitution of tapioca with cottonseed decreased (p < .05) ruminal and total tract digestion of om (10.8 and ... | 1995 | 7665354 |
| cytosine methylation inhibits replication of african cassava mosaic virus by two distinct mechanisms. | extrachromosomally replicating viral dna is usually free of cytosine methylation and viral templates methylated in vitro are poor substrates when used in replication assays. we have investigated the mechanism of inhibition of viral replication by dna methylation using as a model the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. we have constructed two component helper systems which allow for separation of the transcriptional inhibition of viral genes necessary for replication from replication inhibitio ... | 1993 | 7688453 |
| reduction of cyanide levels in cassava during sequential sundrying and solid state fermentation. | the cyanide levels were followed during protein enrichment of cassava by the fungus aspergilus oryzae. the total cyanogen level decreased by 158 mg/kg dry weight to 54.2 mg/kg dry weight as a result of the whole process including fermentation. the cyanogenic glucoside level decreased by 88% during the fermentation process while acetone cyanohydrin was retained in the cassava. the prefermentation processing which involved crushing, sundrying and milling the cassava into flour, reduced the total c ... | 1995 | 7712337 |
| the adverse effects of long-term cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) consumption. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important dietary staple for more than 500 million people in developing countries. people eat 60% of the cassava produced and one third of the harvest feeds animals. all cultivars of cassava contain the cyanogenic glucoside, linamarin, but in different concentrations. the roots of those cultivars with high cyanogenic content are processed to reduce the level of linamarin, because linamarin is hydrolysed in the intestinal tract of both men and animals by m ... | 1995 | 7712344 |
| consumer acceptability of stiff porridge based on various composite flour proportions of sorghum, maize and cassava. | a study was conducted to determine consumer acceptable proportions of flours in sorghum (var. serena) and maize or sorghum, maize and cassava composite flours. breeder's serena flour extracted at 75 percent was mixed at various proportions with maize or with maize and cassava to constitute composite flours. the various composite flours were made into stiff porridge and presented to a group of panellists for sensory evaluation. the evaluation was conducted by scoring on a hedonic scale of 0-5 for ... | 1994 | 7716110 |
| utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation. | mash prepared from cassava peels was inoculated with either sacchromyces cerevisiae or candida tropicalis and then left to ferment for 7 days. chemical analysis of the fermented mash showed substantial increase in crude protein content and decrease in carbohydrate content of the mash. the results also revealed slight increases in the ash, fibre and lipid content of the fermented mash. it was further observed that, when the mash was supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sul ... | 1994 | 7716117 |
| purification and characterization of alpha-amylase from aspergillus flavus. | aspergillus flavus produced approximately 50 u/ml of amylolytic activity when grown in liquid medium with raw low-grade tapioca starch as substrate. electrophoretic analysis of the culture filtrate showed the presence of only one amylolytic enzyme, identified as an alpha-amylase as evidenced by (i) rapid loss of color in iodine-stained starch and (ii) production of a mixture of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as starch digestion products. the enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfa ... | 1994 | 7729774 |
| characterization of cassava vein mosaic virus: a distinct plant pararetrovirus. | cassava vein mosaic virus (cvmv) was found to be widespread throughout the north-eastern region of brazil. the complete sequence of cvmv was determined, and the genome was 8158 bp in size. a cytosolic initiator methionine trna (trna met1)-binding site that probably acts as a primer for minus-strand synthesis was present. the genome contained five open reading frames that potentially encode proteins with predicted molecular masses of 186 kda, 9 kda, 77 kda, 24 kda and 26 kda. the putative 186 kda ... | 1995 | 7730813 |
| mutagenesis of the bc1 and bv1 genes of african cassava mosaic virus identifies conserved amino acids that are essential for spread. | the products of three open reading frames encoded by the bipartite geminiviruses have been implicated in viral spread: ac2, bv1 and bc1. alignment of the dna b encoded gene products, bv1 and bc1, from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) with six other bipartite geminiviruses showed several highly conserved regions. specific amino acids were selected for mutagenic studies to ascertain the tolerance of the virus to change and to identify the regions within these two proteins required for normal fu ... | 1995 | 7730816 |
| molecular cloning of indian tomato leaf curl virus genome following a simple method of concentrating the supercoiled replicative form of viral dna. | dna-a and dna-b components of the genome of a whitefly transmitted virus causing yellowing and leaf curl in tomato (itlcv) were cloned following a simple procedure for isolation of the double stranded replicative form of viral dna from infected tomato plants. the method is based on extraction of total dna from infected plants followed by concentration of the double stranded replicative form of viral dna by an alkaline denaturation procedure identical to that used for isolation of plasmid dna fro ... | 1995 | 7738150 |
| chinese squash leaf curl virus: a new whitefly-transmitted geminivirus. | coat protein (cp) gene of the chinese squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv-c) was amplified through pcr, cloned and completely sequenced. based on the comparisons at the levels of both cp gene nucleotide and cp-deduced amino acid sequences with other geminiviruses, sqlcv-c is confirmed to be distinct from the american squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv-e). it is a new geminivirus transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci, which infects dicotyledonous plants and is more closely related to the indian cassava mos ... | 1995 | 7755872 |
| a survey of the incidence of salmonella species and enterobacteriaceae in poultry feeds and feed components. | between july 1990 and april 1991 the rate of contamination with salmonella species of poultry feeds and feed components used by the dutch feed industry was surveyed. ten per cent of 360, 10 g samples of poultry feeds were found to be contaminated. mash feeds, mostly used for layer-breeders, were far more frequently (21 per cent) contaminated than pelleted feeds (1.4 per cent). the rate of contamination of 130 samples of fish meal was 31 per cent, of 83 samples of meat and bone meal 4 per cent, 5 ... | 1995 | 7762127 |
| toward the construction of a molecular map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): comparison of restriction enzymes and probe sources in detecting rflps. | the construction of a detailed genetic map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), classified as a tetraploid species, depends on the ability of cloned sequences to detect polymorphisms. as a first step in developing this map, 200 cloned nuclear sequences generated with different restriction enzymes were hybridized to total digested dna from eleven cultivated lines and one wild manihot species, m. aesculifolia. polymorphism was detected less frequently with both bamhi and ecori genomic probes tha ... | 1993 | 7765314 |
| nutrient content of young cassava leaves and assessment of their acceptance as a green vegetable in nigeria. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaves contained a high level of crude protein (29.3-32.4% dry weight) compared to a conventional vegetable, amaranthus (19.6%). ash was 4.6-6.4% in cassava leaf samples but 13.1% dry weight in amaranthus. dietary fibre was very high in all samples (26.9-39% dry weight) while hcn-potential was low (5.1-12.6 mg/100 g dry weight). tannin was the highest in iita red cassava leaves (29.7 mg/g) and the lowest in amaranthus vegetable. in vitro digestibility was very ... | 1995 | 7784394 |
| analysis of african cassava mosaic virus recombinants suggests strand nicking occurs within the conserved nonanucleotide motif during the initiation of rolling circle dna replication. | intact clones containing partial repeats of the genomic components of african cassava mosaic (acmv dnas a and b) are infectious when mechanically coinoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana. monomeric genomic components may be generated either by homologous recombination or, when two copies of the origin of replication (ori) are present, by a modified rolling circle replication mechanism in which nascent single-stranded dna is resolved by the introduction of nicks at both oris. dna b partial repeats ... | 1995 | 7831830 |
| tomato leaf curl geminivirus from india has a bipartite genome and coat protein is not essential for infectivity. | genomes of two isolates of tomato leaf curl geminivirus from india (tolcv-india) have been sequenced. tolcv-india contains a and b components, both of which are required for systemic movement and symptom development. the two isolates have 94% sequence identify but one isolate gave mild symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. the genome organization of tolcv-india is similar to other whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) with bipartite genomes. however, it contains an additional orf, av ... | 1995 | 7844539 |
| studies on the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of fluids from local foodstuffs in the prevention and management of dehydration caused by diarrhoea in children. | two fluids derived from local staple food, manioc salt solution (mss) and pap salt solution (pss) were assessed and compared with the world health organization/oral rehydration solution (who/ors) in 333 children aged between 6 and 60 months in a clinical trial. all the children had some dehydration after episodes of acute watery diarrhoea using who criteria. all the children who were placed on mss and pss, as well as ors were satisfactorily rehydrated. there was no significant difference in pre- ... | 1994 | 7853442 |
| multiple secondary plant product udp-glucose glucosyltransferase genes expressed in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cotyledons. | six different putative udp-glucose glucosyltransferase clones were isolated from a cassava cotyledon cdna library probed with an acc i-bgl ii restriction fragment from a udp-glucose flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase from antirrhinum majus. the heterologous probe contained a glucosyltransferase consensus signature amino acid sequence which was also present in the cassava cdna clones. nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences are presented for two of the clones. northern analysis showed differen ... | 1994 | 7894058 |
| starch branching enzymes belonging to distinct enzyme families are differentially expressed during pea embryo development. | cdna clones for two isoforms of starch branching enzyme (sbei and sbeii) have been isolated from pea embryos and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences of pea sbei and sbeii are closely related to starch branching enzymes of maize, rice, potato and cassava and a number of glycogen branching enzymes from yeast, mammals and several prokaryotic species. in comparison with sbei, the deduced amino acid sequence of sbeii lacks a flexible domain at the n-terminus of the mature protein. this domain ... | 1995 | 7894509 |
| economic comparison of nutritional management strategies for venezuelan dual-purpose cattle systems. | objectives of this study were to compare three nutritional management strategies for dual-purpose herds in venezuela in 1987 using a deterministic, multiperiod linear programming model of a representative farm. the model maximized discounted net margin (total revenues minus variable costs) from the herd for a 3-yr cow replacement cycle partitioned into six periods. the periods accounted for seasonal variation in forage availability and quality, and the model provided information about optimal an ... | 1994 | 7928747 |
| feeding value of poultry by-products extruded with cassava, barley, and wheat middlings for broiler chicks: the effect of ensiling poultry by-products as a preservation method prior to extrusion. | in one experiment, six treatment diets including two levels of cassava meal, barley, or wheat middlings extruded with poultry by-products (pbp; a 3:1 ratio of broiler offal and condemned carcasses) were compared with a corn and soybean meal control diet for broiler performance from 1 d to 3 wk of age. no treatment differences in body weight (p > .05) were observed, and all chicks averaged 166, 421, and 788 g at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age, respectively. weight gain and feed consumption were not affect ... | 1994 | 7937472 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). i. evidence for an essential carboxylate and a reactive histidine residue in a single catalytic center. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was kinetically characterized in mixed substrate systems and with the transition-state analogue glucono(1-5)lactone and a series of 1-thio substrate analogues. the results indicate a common catalytic and a common sugar binding site in the enzyme for all of the investigated substrates. kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of linamarin and p-nitrop ... | 1994 | 7944386 |
| lethal mutations within the conserved stem-loop of african cassava mosaic virus dna are rapidly corrected by genomic recombination. | the nonanucleotide motif taatattac occurs in the intergenic region of all geminiviruses that have been examined to date. the motif is invariably located within the loop of a potential stem-loop structure that has been implicated in viral dna replication. to investigate the contribution of these sequences to virus proliferation, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna b mutants have been screened for their ability to infect nicotiana benthamiana when co-inoculated with dna a. mutants in which the ... | 1994 | 7964630 |
| comparison of freeze-dried and extruded spirulina platensis as yolk pigmenting agents. | experiment 1 was an 8-wk study with japanese quail fed 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% of freeze-dried spirulina or the dry equivalent of fresh spirulina extruded with corn. experiment 2 was a 16-wk repeat of experiment 1 using levels of 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0% spirulina. in the third experiment, corn, barley, and cassava were extruded with fresh spirulina equal to 1% of the dried product, and each feedstuff fed with 1% freeze-dried spirulina. four replicates of five quail were assigned to each trea ... | 1994 | 7971672 |
| nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration and acidic thermocoagulation. | some nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration were compared with that obtained by acidic thermocoagulation. protein concentrates did not show noticeable differences in their proximal composition and amino acids content. however, higher values of total carotene, available lysine, and in vitro digestibility were found, in contrast with less content of total cyanide in protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration. protein e ... | 1994 | 7971777 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). ii. identification of glu-198 as an active site carboxylate group with acid catalytic function. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was irreversibly inactivated by n-bromoacetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine according to pseudo-first-order kinetics with a second-order efficiency constant (ki/ki = 0.1 min-1 m-1) identical for p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranosidase, p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranosidase, and linamarase activities of the enzyme. the competitive inhibitor p-nitro ... | 1994 | 7986074 |
| evaluation of the effects of varying solute content on the efficacy of oral rehydration solutions in a rat model of secretory diarrhoea. | a series of in vivo steady-state perfusion studies in cholera toxin-induced secreting rat intestine were carried out to investigate net water, sodium, and potassium absorption and water influx and efflux from a range of oral rehydration solutions (orss) in which the glucose content had been partially replaced by amino acids or food supplements and the sodium content had been reduced to 60 mm. the reference solution used was the world health organization formula. there was a significant correlati ... | 1994 | 8071782 |
| antithyroid effects in vivo and in vitro of babassu and mandioca: a staple food in goiter areas of brazil. | babassu (orbignya phalerata), a palm-tree coconut fruit, mixed with mandioca (manihot utilissima) is the staple food of people living in the endemic goiter area of maranhao in brazil, where goiter prevalence among schoolchildren was still 38% in 1986 despite an adequate iodine intake in most of the population. therefore, the question arose as to whether or not the ingestion of babassu alone or mixed with mandioca contributed to the persistence of endemic goiter in this area of brazil. in this in ... | 1994 | 8075782 |
| cassava processing, consumption, and cyanide toxicity. | the frequency of cassava consumption was investigated among three groups of people representing students from traditional and nontraditional cassava-consuming environments and cassava processors. of these, 64% of the students at obafemi awolowo university, ile-ife, 38% of those at the federal university of technology, akure, and 44% of the cassava processors consumed cassava products at least once a day, while 4, 35, and 28% of the groups, respectively, were moderate consumers (4-6 times a week) ... | 1994 | 8078089 |
| food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in cuba. | from late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. the dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. incidence rates peaked in april 1993. an estimated 50,000 cases were reported. the majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. the cause has yet to ... | 1993 | 8108040 |
| utilisation of dried caged-hen manure and cassava peels for intensive sheep production. | twenty grower ewes with an average weight of 14.3 +/- 3.7 kg were allotted to 5 dietary treatments. the diets contained 0, 13, 25, 35 and 45% dried caged-hen manure which replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively of the conventional protein supplements. the animals were fed 55.0 g/w0.75 kg/day of the concentrate food during a 104 days growth study. air dried cassava peels and water were also provided ad libitum. the differences in average total dry matter intake were not statistically signif ... | 1993 | 8109058 |
| expression of tgmv antisense rna in transgenic tobacco inhibits replication of bctv but not acmv geminiviruses. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing an antisense rna targeted against tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) show reduced/no symptoms and viral dna accumulation upon tgmv infection [5]. the targeted region includes the al1 gene, encoding an essential viral replication protein. this dna sequence is conserved in various other geminiviruses, suggesting they too might show inhibition of replication in these plants. we infected leaf material with african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and beet curly top vir ... | 1994 | 8111023 |
| apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. | five barrows of approximately 45 kg bw, fitted with post-valvular t-cecum cannulas at the ileo-cecal junction, were assigned randomly to five treatments (5 x 5 latin square design) to assess the effect of microbial phytase and feeding regimen (frequency and level) on the apparent digestibilities (total tract [attd] and ileal [aid]) and retention of nutrients. a corn-tapioca-soybean meal diet of low intrinsic phytase activity, containing no added inorganic p, was fed either without or with microb ... | 1994 | 8138479 |
| sensory and physical properties of a reduced-calorie frozen dessert system made with milk fat and sucrose substitutes. | effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in textural attributes between sucrose and polydextrose-aspartame in freshly prepared frozen desserts and few differences after storage (140 d). polydextroseaspartame effectively compensated for functional properties that normally are conferred by sucrose and some that are co ... | 1994 | 8169278 |
| purification, characterization, and cloning of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl, acetone cyanohydrin lyase, ec 4.1.2.37) was purified to homogeneity from young leaves of the cyanogenic tropical crop plant cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the purified protein is a homo-trimer with a subunit relative molecular mass of 28,500 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the active protein is not glycosylated and does not contain a flavin group. hnl exhibits complex kinetics which vary according to substrate concentration and ... | 1994 | 8203915 |
| worldwide production of high-fructose syrup and crystalline fructose. | high-fructose syrups (hfs) are now manufactured and used in many countries throughout the world. they are produced from a variety of starch raw materials including corn, rice, tapioca, wheat, cassava, and sugar beet pulp. production of hfs is highly dependent on local sucrose and economics of agricultural raw materials. hfs is produced and consumed in the largest quantity in the united states by using corn starch as the raw material. eastern europe, the former soviet union, and asia are major gr ... | 1993 | 8213604 |
| the nucleotide sequence and genome structure of mung bean yellow mosaic geminivirus. | complete nucleotide sequences of the infectious cloned dna components (dna 1 and dna 2) of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) were determined. mymv dna 1 and dna 2 consists of 2,723 and 2,675 nucleotides respectively. dna 1 and dna 2 have little sequence similarity except for a region of approximately 200 bases which is almost identical in the two molecules. analysis of open reading frames revealed nine potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. > 10,000, six in dna 1 and three in dna 2 ... | 1993 | 8231962 |
| nucleotide sequence evidence for the occurrence of three distinct whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in cassava. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and a key part of that of a group b isolate of african cassava mosaic virus from malawi (acmv-m) were determined and compared at the nucleotide and encoded amino acid levels with the published sequences of an acmv group a isolate (acmv-k) and other whitefly-transmitted gemini-viruses (wtgs). the dna of icmv consists of two circular single-stranded molecules, dna-a [2815 nucleotides (nt)] and dna-b (2645 nt), which ... | 1993 | 8245859 |