Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| translational stability of plant viral rnas microinjected into living cells. influence of a 3'-poly(a) segment. | three different alternative structural features have been shown to be present at the 3' terminus of plant viral rnas: (a) a poly(a) track, (b) a trna-like structure, (c) no special structural or sequence characteristic. we have compared the translational stability after injection into frog oocytes of a representative of each type: (a) the small genomic rna (m-rna) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), (b) the subgenomic mrna for coat protein (rna 4) of brome mosaic virus (bmv), (c) the subgenomic mrna ... | 1983 | 6681761 |
| proteolytic processing of the proteins translated from the bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus. the primary and secondary cleavage reactions. | the products of translation of cowpea mosaic virus b-rna in rabbit reticulocyte lysates are proteolytically cleaved to form a specific set of proteins. the primary cleavage occurs as nascent peptide chains elongate to a size of about 150 kilodaltons yielding a 32k protein and, upon chain completion, a 170k protein. this cleavage reaction is inhibited by 3 mm iodoacetamide. the 170k protein, in turn, is cleaved to yield either of two pairs of proteins, a 110k and 60k pair or a 87k and 84k pair. t ... | 1984 | 6699013 |
| cholesterolaemic action of vigna sinensis (cowpea). | 1984 | 6706368 | |
| specificity of the actinomycin-d-sensitive function of some rna plant viruses. | the actinomycin-d(amd)-sensitive step of replication of three plant viruses - cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), cowpea mosaic virus, and the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus - in cowpea was specific for each virus. different combinations of the viruses were examined in which leaves were inoculated with one virus and incubated for 48 h until multiplication was almost resistant to amd. at that time, the same leaves were inoculated with a different virus and the ability of amd to inhibit m ... | 1984 | 6735660 |
| pleomorphism and acetylene-reducing activity of free-living rhizobia. | cowpea-type rhizobium sp. strain 32h1 and rhizobium japonicum usda 26 and 110 grown on a glutamate-mannitol-gluconate agar medium showed increases in the number of pleomorphic cells coincident with their acetylene-reducing activity. pleomorphs appeared to be inhibited in growth nonuniformly, because acetylene-reducing cultures were mixtures of rod, branched (v, y, and t), and other irregularly shaped cells. in contrast, strain usda 10 consistently failed to reduce acetylene, even though it also ... | 1983 | 6822472 |
| methylammonium uptake by rhizobium sp. strain 32h1. | we present evidence that methylammonium is transported into cowpea rhizobium sp. strain 32h1 cells by a membrane carrier whose natural substrate is ammonium. after growth in low (0.2%) oxygen, which is necessary for nitrogen fixation by these cells, respiring rhizobial cells took up [14c]methylammonium to high intracellular levels. cells grown in atmospheric (21%) oxygen did not take up methylammonium. uptake (transport plus metabolism) was maximal in cells harvested in the early stationary phas ... | 1983 | 6826521 |
| multiple proteins and subgenomic mrnas may be derived from a single open reading frame on tobacco mosaic virus rna. | it has previously been shown that messenger activity for a protein of mr = ca. 30k exists in rna fractions extracted from particles of either native or alkali stripped u1 tmv, or from cowpea strain tmv, that are smaller than full genomic length. analysis of sucrose gradient fractions containing this activity reveals a number of slightly smaller template activities directing synthesis of proteins between 18.5k and 29k in size. all of these messenger activities, including that for the 30k protein, ... | 1983 | 6835837 |
| characterization of a lectin from cowpeas. | a lectin without blood group specificity was isolated from cowpeas (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.). this lectin was prepared from a crude saline extract by acid precipitation and sephadex gel filtration. purification steps generally resulted in increased agglutination activity. homogeneity was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation. the native lectin had a molecular weight of approximately 55,000 as shown by gel filtration, polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and ... | 1983 | 6856584 |
| inhibition of alfalfa mosaic virus rna and protein synthesis by actinomycin d and cycloheximide. | actinomycin d, added early after inoculation, reduces the production of infectious alfalfa mosaic virus in cowpea protoplasts by 90%. this reduction was associated with an inhibition of viral minus-strand and plus-strand rna synthesis, suggesting the involvement of host factors in these processes. coat protein production was less affected by the drug. addition of cycloheximide throughout the growth cycle resulted in an immediate cessation of coat protein production and an enhanced degradation of ... | 1983 | 6857995 |
| [nutritional evaluation of the replacement of soy bean flour and sorghum by raw cowpea (vigna sinensis) flour]. | 1982 | 6892099 | |
| imitation milks from cicer arietinum (l.), vigna unguiculata (l.) walpers and vigna radiata (l.) wilczek and other legumes. | 1981 | 6894776 | |
| complete nucleotide sequences of the coat protein messenger rnas of brome mosaic virus and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. | the nucleotide sequences of the subgenomic coat protein messengers (rna4's) of two related bromoviruses, brome mosaic virus (bmv) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), have been determined by direct rna and cdna sequencing without cloning. bmv rna4 is 876 b long including a 5' noncoding region of nine nucleotides and a 3' noncoding region of 300 nucleotides. ccmv rna 4 is 824 b long, including a 5' noncoding region of 10 nucleotides and a 3' noncoding region of 244 nucleotides. the encoded c ... | 1982 | 6895941 |
| comparative studies on ribonucleic acid dependent rna polymerases in cucumber mosaic virus infected cucumber and tobacco and uninfected tobacco plants. | rna-dependent rna polymerases have been isolated in almost pure form from cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) infected cucumber cotyledons and from tobacco leaves and were compared with the less pure enzyme from uninfected tobacco. the purified polymerase from cucumber shows on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels two peptide chains of about 100 and 112 kdaltons. the enzyme from tobacco shows a close doublet of about 125 kdaltons, which is also present in the less pure preparation from healthy tobacco. while bot ... | 1982 | 6896652 |
| root exudates in relation to growth and nitrogenase activity of rhizobium japonicum. | root exudates of cowpea and soybean were collected in aerated water cultures. the ability of these exudates to support nitrogenase activity of r. japonicum was studied on defined media. when a complete nitrogenase-inducing medium was supplemented with concentrated root exudate, there was an increased nitrogenase activity. when the cowpea root exudate was substituted for glutamine or sodium succinate in the medium, nitrogenase activity was not detected. growth was good when the root exudate was s ... | 1981 | 6949404 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cloned cdna copy of tmv (cowpea strain) rna, including the assembly origin, the coat protein cistron, and the 3' non-coding region. | the cloned cdna derived from the 3' end of cowpea strain (cc) rna of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) has been sequenced. substantial sequence information of 1,060 nucleotides from the 3' end of the rna reveals some interesting features: (1) the coat protein cistron corresponds to residues 210-701 from the 3' end. some errors in the amino acid sequence previously reported have been corrected and the revised total length of the coat protein is 162 amino acid residues. the capping site of the coat prote ... | 1981 | 6950195 |
| [nutritive value of raw and processed cowpeas]. | three experiments were carried out to determine the effects of autoclave cooking, extrusion and dl-methionine supplementation on the protein and energy value of cowpea. the two processes decreased the available lysine of cowpea from 6.3 to 5.7%. the starch content decreased from 50.7% in raw cowpea to 44.9% and 42.1% in cooked extruded cowpea, respectively. cooking eliminated the trypsin inhibitor content of cowpea. damaged starch increased from 0.3% in the raw cowpea, to 22.5% in cooked cowpea ... | 1982 | 7171278 |
| near identity of 3- rna secondary structure in bromoviruses and cucumber mosaic virus. | the 3- terminal sequences of rnas 1, 2, 3 and 4 from each of the three bromoviruses (brome mosaic, cowpea chlorotic mottle and broad bean mottle viruses) and also from cucumber mosaic virus display interviral sequence similarity in addition to strong intraviral homology. interviral similarity is much more evident when rna secondary, rather than primary, structures are compared. the last 190 bases of the various rnas can fold into strikingly similar, extensively base-paired secondary structures w ... | 1981 | 7214524 |
| isolation & characterization of antibiotic resistant mutants of cowpea rhizobium 32hi. | 1980 | 7228122 | |
| in vivo and in vitro translation of the rnas of four tobamoviruses. | the rnas from four tobamoviruses [tobacco mosaic virus(tmv) vulgare, tmv dahlemense, tmv u2, and the cowpea strain of tmv (cctmv)] were translated in a cell-free ribosome system from reticulocytes. among the translation products found were two polypeptides with molecular weights of 170,000 and 120,000 which were produced by all the viral rnas tested. these two polypeptides comigrated with the corresponding virus-specific proteins synthesized in tobacco protoplasts infected with any of the four t ... | 1980 | 7251334 |
| [effect of the cooking-extrusion process (brady crop cooker) on the nutritive value of mixtures based on cowpea (vigna sinensis)-corn, and cowpea-cassava]. | 1980 | 7283629 | |
| carbon and nitrogen nutrition of plant pathogenic fungi associated with basal stem rots of cowpeas, vigna unguiculata (l) walp in nigeria. | pythium aphanidermatum, rhizoctonia bataticola (syn. = macrophomina phaseolina), botryodiplodia theobromae, and two strains of sclerotium rolfsii readily utilized for growth the monosaccharides glucose, fructose and mannose, the disaccharides sucrose and maltose and the polysaccharides dextrin and starch. in addition, s. rolfsii grew appreciably well on carboxymethylcellulose (cmc). when filter paper (nature cellulose) was supplied as sole carbon source, it was decomposed by b. theobromae, s. ro ... | 1980 | 7376690 |
| morphology and general characteristics of viruses active against cowpea rhizobium cb756 and 32h1. | two newly isolated viruses, rs1 and rs2, infective on two strains of cowpea rhizobium capable of n2-fixation in vitro, were characterized. rs1 parasitizes cb756 but rs2 infects both 32h1 and cb756. rs1 has an isometric, polyhedral head and a long contractile tail, while rs2 has an oblate, polyhedral head and a long flexible non-contractile tail; rs1 is considerably larger than rs2. the phages were relatively stable between ph 5 and 9 (1 hour incubation). rs1 appeared to be more thermal sensitive ... | 1980 | 7377972 |
| the rnas of bromoviruses: 3'-terminal sequences of the four brome mosaic virus rnas and comparison with cowpea chlorotic mottle virus rna 4. | 1980 | 7389920 | |
| translation initiation site of the coat protein messenger ribonucleic acid of the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus. | the 5'-terminus of the coat protein messenger rna of the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus contains a m7g(5')ppp(5')gp... cap group. removal of this cap group followed by introduction of a 5'-terminal [32p]phosphomonoester onto the decapped rna and use of this 32p-labeled rna in nucleotide sequence studies establishes that the 5'-terminal nucleotide sequence of this rna is m7g(5')ppp(5')guauuugaugauggcauacucgauuccgacucccuagcu.... the codons following the two consecutive aug sequences match t ... | 1980 | 7459348 |
| pancreatic enlargement is evident in rats fed diets containing raw soybeans (glycine max) or cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) for 800 days but not in those fed diets based on kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris) or lupinseed (lupinus angustifolius). | pancreatic weights and composition were studied with rats fed diets containing raw legume seeds for up to 800 d. rapid pancreatic enlargement was induced by dietary soybeans (glycine max) (high kunitz and bowman-birk trypsin inhibitor contents, moderate lectin content) during the initial 150 d. over the next 200 d the rate of pancreatic growth was similar to that in controls. after 350 d a second period of rapid pancreatic growth occurred. macroscopic pancreatic nodules were evident in a number ... | 1993 | 7505319 |
| effect of high-protein feed supplements on concentrations of growth hormone (gh), insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and igf-binding protein-3 in plasma and on the amounts of gh and messenger rna for gh in the pituitary glands of adult rams. | three groups of mature rams were maintained on diets of hay, hay + 2% lupin or hay + 2% cowpea for 11 weeks. serial blood samples were taken at 15-min intervals for 12 h for the determination of gh and igf-i content by radioimmunoassay and for igf-binding protein-3 (igfbp-3) levels by western blotting. the rams were killed after 77 days of supplementary feeding and their pituitary glands analysed for content of gh and gh mrna. mean plasma gh and baseline gh levels were significantly (p < 0.01) d ... | 1993 | 7506288 |
| highly insect-resistant transgenic tobacco plants containing both b.t. and cpti genes. | the cowpea trypsin inhibitor (cpti) gene was synthesized according to its cdna sequence using dna synthesizer and confirmed by dna sequencing. the cpti gene and modified bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) delta-endotoxin gene were cotransformed to tobacco explants mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the integrations of b.t and cpti genes were confirmed by pcr and southern hybridization. three kinds of transgenic plants were obtained: (1) containing cpti gene, (2) containing b.t gene, (3) containin ... | 1995 | 7548766 |
| the effects of processing on the availability of lysine in kenkey, a ghanaian fermented maize food. | the effects of processing steps such as soaking, fermentation, cooking and drying on the availability of lysine in kenkey were investigated. soaking increased lysine availability by 21% and 22% for maize and maize-cowpea mixtures, respectively. cooking of soaked samples further improved lysine availability by 68% and 31% for maize and maize-cowpea mixtures, respectively. further significant improvements in lysine availability were effected by fermentation and cooking and values of 3.42 and 4.43 ... | 1995 | 7584163 |
| the nucleotide sequence of cowpea mottle virus and its assignment to the genus carmovirus. | the genome of cowpea mottle virus (cpmov) is a positive ssrna of 4029 nucleotides with six major open reading frames (orfs). a non-coding region of 34 nucleotides precedes the first aug. orf1 encodes a 25 kda polypeptide of unknown function and orf2 encodes a 56 kda putative rna replicase. like other members of carmoviruses, suppression of the amber termination codon of orf1 would produce a readthrough polypeptide of 83 kda. orf3 and orf4 encode two small proteins of 7.8 and 9.8 kda, respectivel ... | 1995 | 7595392 |
| deletion analysis and localization of sbprp1, a soybean cell wall protein gene, in roots of transgenic tobacco and cowpea. | sbprp1 is a member of the soybean (glycine max l. merr) proline-rich cell wall protein family and is expressed at high levels in root tissue. to characterize the sequences required for this expression, we have fused 1.1 kb of upstream flanking dna sequence from an sbprp1 genomic clone to a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus). this construct was introduced into tobacco using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. histochemical staining of gus activity in transgenic tobacco indicate ... | 1993 | 7678758 |
| bromovirus movement protein genes play a crucial role in host specificity. | monocot-adapted brome mosaic virus (bmv) and dicot-adapted cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) are closely related bromoviruses with tripartite rna genomes. although rnas 1 and 2 together are sufficient for rna replication in protoplasts, systemic infection also requires rna3, which encodes the coat protein and the nonstructural 3a movement protein. we have previously shown with bromoviral reassortants that host specificity determinants in both viruses are encoded by rna3 as well as by rna1 and ... | 1993 | 7682628 |
| antigenic signature analysis reflects differences among plant virus isolates. | antigenic differences among cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) isolates were clearly reflected in signature analysis employing a panel of seven well-characterized, monoclonal antibodies. separate binding curves were generated by reacting serial dilutions of extracts from infected plant tissue containing each antigen simultaneously with each antibody in the panel. an iterative procedure was used to align unknown cpsmv antigen concentrations from different antigen preparations to allow comparison ... | 1993 | 7685770 |
| expression of an animal virus antigenic site on the surface of a plant virus particle. | to investigate if cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles can be used to express foreign protein sequences, oligonucleotides encoding an epitope derived from vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were cloned into the region of the cpmv genome encoding the small (s) coat protein. the chimeras were designed so that the foreign sequence was expressed either as an insertion or as a replacement for part of the wild-type sequence. while rna from both chimeras was able to replicate in cowpea protopla ... | 1993 | 7692669 |
| a view of plant dehydrins using antibodies specific to the carboxy terminal peptide. | dehydrins are characterized by the consensus kikeklpg amino acid sequence found near the carboxy terminus, and usually repeated from one to many times within the protein. a synthetic peptide containing this consensus sequence was used to produce specific antibodies that recognize dehydrins in a wide range of plants. this range covered two families of monocots, viz. gramineae (hordeum vulgare l., triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., oryza sativa l.) and liliaceae (allium sativa l.), and five famili ... | 1993 | 7693020 |
| structures of the native and swollen forms of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus determined by x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. | rna-protein interactions stabilize many viruses and also the nucleoprotein cores of enveloped animal viruses (e.g. retroviruses). the nucleoprotein particles are frequently pleomorphic and generally unstable due to the lack of strong protein-protein interactions in their capsids. principles governing their structures are unknown because crystals of such nucleoprotein particles that diffract to high resolution have not previously been produced. cowpea chlorotic mottle virions (ccmv) are typical o ... | 1995 | 7743132 |
| effect of processing on the composition of dietary fibre and starch in some legumes. | the effect of processing on the total dietary fibre (tdf) insoluble (idf) and water-soluble (sdf) fractions as well as total (ts), available (as) and resistant (rs) starch were studied in three legumes, viz. bengalgram (cicer arietinum l.), cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and greengram (vigna radiata). the processes studied were fermentation, germination, pressure-cooking and roasting. the dietary fibre (df) content and its components were determined using the enzymatic-gravimetric method. the ts con ... | 1995 | 7783778 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1-neutralizing antibodies raised to a glycoprotein 41 peptide expressed on the surface of a plant virus. | an oligonucleotide encoding the amino acids 731-752 of the gp41 envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain iiib, which is known to induce cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in humans, was inserted into a full-length clone of the rna encoding the coat proteins of cowpea mosaic virus (rna 2 of cpmv). when transfected together with rna 1 of cpmv, transcribed rna 2 was able to replicate in plants and form infectious virions (cpmv-hiv). purified virions were injected subcu ... | 1995 | 7786579 |
| host-specificity restriction by bromovirus cell-to-cell movement protein occurs after initial cell-to-cell spread of infection in nonhost plants. | the nonstructural 3a protein of the positive-strand rna bromoviruses is required for infection spread in plants and is a crucial determinant of host specificity in systemic infection. to determine the paths of wild-type (wt) bromovirus infection spread, the step at which 3a mutants are arrested, and the nature of the host specificity associated with the 3a gene, we used in situ hybridization to examine infection spread by cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (ccmv) and its derivatives at the level ... | 1995 | 7831782 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bean strain of southern bean mosaic virus. | the genome of the bean strain of southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv-b) comprises 4109 nucleotides and thus is slightly shorter than those of the two other sequenced sobemoviruses (southern bean mosaic virus, cowpea strain (sbmv-c) and rice yellow mottle virus (rymv)). sbmv-b has an overall sequence similarity with sbmv-c of 55% and with rymv of 45%. three potential open reading frames (orfs) were recognized in sbmv-b which were in similar positions in the genomes of sbmv-c and rymv. however, there ... | 1995 | 7831784 |
| functional characterization of the proteolytic activity of the tomato black ring nepovirus rna-1-encoded polyprotein. | translation of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) rna-1 in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate leads to the synthesis of a 250k polyprotein which cleaves itself into smaller proteins of 50, 60, 120, and 190k. polypeptides synthesized from synthetic transcripts corresponding to different regions of tbrv rna-1 are processed only when they encode the 23k protein delimited earlier by sequence homology with the cowpea mosaic virus 24k protease. the proteolytic activity of this protein is completely lost by muta ... | 1995 | 7831791 |
| host-specific alterations in viral rna accumulation and infection spread in a brome mosaic virus isolate with an expanded host range. | to facilitate studies of virus-host interaction and the determinants of viral host range, we constructed full-length cdna clones to all three genomic rnas of an unusual brome mosaic virus (bmv) isolate with an expanded host range. while other bmv strains, including the previously cloned m1 strain, systemically infect barley and other grasses but not legumes, the expanded-host-range isolate and the set of transcripts from its cdna clones, designated the m2 strain of bmv, systemically infect both ... | 1995 | 7853481 |
| effect of thermal treatments on the chemical and biological value of irradiated and non-irradiated cowpea bean (vigna unguiculata l. walp) flour. | chemical and nutritional characteristics of irradiated and nonirradiated cowpea bean at 0.2 kgy submitted to several thermal treatments were studied. the cowpea bean flours irradiated at 0.2 kgy were superior to those non-irradiated concerning digestibility and the flours submitted to microwave oven were superior to those cooked under low pressure, autoclaved or even raw from the nutritional point of view. as to the presence of anti-nutritional factors, the results showed that the variety of cow ... | 1994 | 7855086 |
| supplementation of irradiated and non-irradiated cowpea bean (vigna unguiculata l. walp) protein with cereal proteins. supplementation of soup with a protein blend of appropriate nutritional value. | the quality of the cowpea bean protein was improved through supplementations with flours from beans exposed to microwave oven treated with cereal proteins such as wheat, rice, corn, and sorghum. biological assays results with these blends showed that the casein exceeded the other diets concerning digestibility only; however, in parameters such as biological value, net protein utilization (npu), protein efficiency ratio (per) and nutritional efficiency ratio (ner), no significant differences occu ... | 1994 | 7855092 |
| consumption of diets containing raw soya beans (glycine max), kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) or lupin seeds (lupinus angustifolius) by rats for up to 700 days: effects on body composition and organ weights. | feeding trials have been done with rats to assess the effects of long-term (700 d) consumption of diets based on raw cowpeas (vigna unguiculata; moderate bowman-birk inhibitor content, low lectin content), lupin seeds (lupinus angustifolius; low lectin and protease inhibitor content) or soya beans (glycine max; high kunitz inhibitor content, moderate bowman-birk inhibitor content, moderate lectin content) or diets containing low levels of raw kidney bean (phaseolus vulgaris; high lectin content, ... | 1995 | 7857911 |
| in vitro assembly of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus from coat protein expressed in escherichia coli and in vitro-transcribed viral cdna. | the small spherical plant virus, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), provides an ideal system to examine spherical virus assembly. we have modified the ccmv in vitro assembly system to produce virions from coat protein expressed in escherichia coli and viral rna transcribed in vitro from full-length cdnas. examination of the in vitro-assembled particles with cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction techniques demonstrates that the particles are indistinguishable from plant purified par ... | 1995 | 7886952 |
| identification of a coat protein binding site on southern bean mosaic virus rna. | the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv-c), a t = 3 icosahedral rna virus, was dissociated to yield a ribonucleoprotein complex (rnpc) composed of the viral rna and coat protein subunits. to determine if the coat protein subunits were bound to a specific site on the viral rna, the rnpc was treated with ribonuclease, and the remaining coat protein--rna complexes were recovered by filter binding. a single species of rna was isolated by this procedure and further characterized by sequ ... | 1995 | 7886960 |
| investigation of the presence of biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate in kenkey made with maize and maize-cowpea mixtures as influenced by process conditions. | kenkey is a fermented and cooked maize dough from ghana. the effect of manufacturing conditions, i.e. fermentation and cooking, and of protein-enrichment by cowpea addition (20% of total weight) on the occurrence of toxic microbial products, namely biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate, were investigated. the levels of biogenic amines in all-maize kenkey were very low (total amines < 60 ppm), but were significantly increased by addition of red cowpea (total amines < 200 ppm, mainly cadaverine and ... | 1994 | 7926173 |
| the nucleotide sequence of citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus rna-2. | the nucleotide sequence of citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus (cilrv) rna-2 consists of 2990 nucleotides and contains one open reading frame (orf) which encodes a deduced translation product of 832 amino acids with a calculated m(r) of 95,501 (95k). the 5' terminus of the rna has a m7gppp cap. both the nucleotide sequence of cilrv rna-2 and its translated polypeptide share homologies with the nucleotide sequence and translated polypeptide, respectively, of rna-2 of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv). the hom ... | 1994 | 7931176 |
| direct imaging of interactions between an icosahedral virus and conjugate f(ab) fragments by cryoelectron microscopy and x-ray crystallography. | the binding properties of seven mouse monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) raised against cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) were characterized by conventional and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique. mcab binding to cpmv on electron microscope (em) grids was also assayed with gold-labeled anti-mouse antibodies. two of the seven mcabs (5b2 and 10b7) were found to bind tighter to cpmv than the others in the inhibition elisa and the em assay. f(ab) fragments from both of these mcabs we ... | 1994 | 7941346 |
| identification and characterization of a novel bradyrhizobium japonicum gene involved in host-specific nitrogen fixation. | to understand the genetic mechanism of host specificity in the interaction between rhizobia and their hosts, it is important to identify genes that influence both early and late steps in symbiotic development. this paper focuses on the little-understood genetics of host-specific nitrogen fixation. a deletion mutant of bradyrhizobium japonicum, strain nad163, was found to induce effective, nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean and siratro plants but produced ineffective nodules on cowpea plants. add ... | 1994 | 7961425 |
| nod factors of rhizobium are a key to the legume door. | symbiotic interactions between rhizobia and legumes are largely controlled by reciprocal signal exchange. legume roots excrete flavonoids which induce rhizobial nodulation genes to synthesize and excrete lipo-oligosaccharide nod factors. in turn, nod factors provoke deformation of the root hairs and nodule primordium formation. normally, rhizobia enter roots through infection threads in markedly curled root hairs. if nod factors are responsible for symbiosis-specific root hair deformation, they ... | 1994 | 7984092 |
| capsid protein properties of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus confirm the existence of two major subgroups of aphid-transmitted, legume-infecting potyviruses. | a study of the capsid proteins of different legume-infecting potyviruses using specific monoclonal antibodies on immunoblots of crude extracts from infected plants revealed that cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (camv) and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (bicmv) have coat protein m(r) values of 32k and 35k, respectively. immunoblot comparisons of bicmv, peanut stripe mosaic virus (pstv), bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv) revealed equal reactivity of their 35k coat pro ... | 1994 | 7996147 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of a cdna clone encoding the 34k movement protein gene of odontoglossum ringspot virus, orsv-cy, the korean isolate. | the partial nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of the korean isolate of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (orsv-cy) from cool-growing cymbidium was determined. the sequence contained a full length open reading frame (orf) coding for the viral cell-to-cell movement protein (mp). the orf was located upstream of the coat protein gene and 105 nucleotides longer than that of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). the orf predicts a polypeptide chain of 303 amino acids with a molecular weight of 3357 ... | 1994 | 8000012 |
| cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus-morocco and south african passiflora virus are strains of the same potyvirus. | high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) profiles of tryptic peptides and partial amino acid sequence analysis have been employed to establish the taxonomic status of the moroccan isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). some previous reports have suggested cabmv to be very closely related to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv) while other reports have concluded that this relationship is distant. in this report a tryptic digest of the coat protein of cabmv-morocco was compared w ... | 1994 | 8002788 |
| accumulation of transcripts encoding a lipid transfer-like protein during deformation of nodulation-competent vigna unguiculata root hairs. | a cdna library was constructed from rna of vigna unguiculata root hairs harvested 1 day and 4 days after inoculation with rhizobium sp. ngr234. a heterologous probe was used to identify a cdna clone, the predicted 99-amino-acid sequence of which shares homology with a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (ltp) of hordeum vulgare. other characteristics, including an estimated molecular weight of 10.4 kd, an isoelectric point of 8.6, and a signal peptide with a hydrophobic region at the amino-termin ... | 1994 | 8012050 |
| development of cowpea mosaic virus as a high-yielding system for the presentation of foreign peptides. | it has recently been shown that cowpea plants can be infected with a cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) chimera containing an antigenic site from foot-and-mouth disease virus (usha et al., virology 197, 366-374, 1993). analysis of progeny rna produced during such an infection has revealed that the inserted sequence is rapidly lost during serial passaging, probably by a process of homologous recombination. using the information gained from this analysis, we have redesigned the chimeras in such a way that ... | 1994 | 8030255 |
| replication and translation of cowpea mosaic virus rnas are tightly linked. | the genome of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is divided among two positive strand rna molecules. b-rna is able to replicate independently from m-rna in cowpea protoplasts. replication of mutant b-transcripts could not be supported by co-inoculated wild-type b-rna, indicating that b-rna cannot be efficiently replicated in trans. hence replication of a b-rna molecule is tightly linked to its translation and/or at least one of the replicative proteins functions in cis only. remarkably also for efficien ... | 1994 | 8032269 |
| adaptation of positive-strand rna viruses to plants. | the vast majority of positive-strand rna viruses (more than 500 species) are adapted to infection of plant hosts. genome sequence comparisons of these plant rna viruses have revealed that most of them are genetically related to animal cell-infecting counterparts; this led to the concept of "superfamilies". comparison of genetic maps of representative plant and animal viruses belonging to the same superfamily (e.g. cowpea mosaic virus [cpmv] versus picornaviruses and tobacco mosaic virus versus a ... | 1994 | 8032285 |
| sequence analysis and location of capsid proteins within rna 2 of strawberry latent ringspot virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the rna 2 of a strawberry isolate (h) of strawberry latent ringspot virus (slrsv) comprised 3824 nucleotides and contained one long open reading frame with a theoretical coding capacity of 890 amino acids equivalent to a protein of 98.8k. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of virion-derived proteins were determined by edman degradation allowing the capsid coding regions to be located and serine/glycine cleavage sites to be identified within the polyprotein. the amino ... | 1994 | 8077958 |
| characterization of a soybean beta-conglycinin-degrading protease cleavage site. | protease c1, an enzyme from soybean (glycine max [l.] merrill cv amsoy 71) seedling cotyledons, was previously determined to be the enzyme responsible for the initial degradation of the alpha' and alpha subunits, but not the beta subunit, of beta-conglycinin storage protein. the sizes of the proteolytic products generated by the action of protease c1 suggest that the cleavage sites on the alpha' and alpha subunits of beta-conglycinin may be located in their n-terminal domain, which is not found ... | 1994 | 8115542 |
| interstrain pseudorecombinants of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus: effects on systemic spread and symptom formation in soybean and cowpea. | full-length complementary dna (cdna) copies of genomic rna1, rna2, and rna3 segments of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) strains d, n, and s were synthesized using polymerase chain reaction and were cloned downstream of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. mixtures of the homologous in vitro-transcribed rnas produced typical ccmv symptoms when inoculated on soybean (cv. bragg) and cowpea (cv. california blackeye) plants. using either gel-purified or in vitro-transcribed ccmv rna components, the pse ... | 2006 | 8118057 |
| ultrastructural changes in rat epididymides induced by cowpeas. | the ultrastructure of tubular inclusions of caput and cauda epididymides were studied in rats that were fed only cowpeas from weaning (20-22 days old) to 130 days. the results showed significant (p < .001) fall in body weight and testicular, caput, and cauda epididymal weights in the cowpea-fed animals. although the walls of the epididymides remained intact, the lumina of both segments showed cellular inclusions of various types amid sperm clumps. unlike controls, where sperm flagella and headpi ... | 1994 | 8166576 |
| effects of hormones and cysteine protease modulators on infection of hepg2 cells by plasmodium berghei sporozoites in vitro determined by elisa immunoassay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) detecting a plasmodium berghei liver-stage-specific protein pbl-1 is described. the quantitative detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 microgram of parasite protein. qualitatively the assay detected as little as 0.001 microgram pbl-1 per well. using the elisa dexamethasone and insulin together was shown to promote higher parasite infections in hepg2 cells compared to unsupplemented medium. anti-cowpea-protease cysteine inhibitor significantly incr ... | 1994 | 8195943 |
| sub-cellular localization of the 25-kda protein encoded in the triple gene block of potato virus x. | the 25-kda protein of potato virus x (pvx) is encoded by the 5' open reading frame of the overlapping triple gene block, has a gks sequence motif characteristic of nucleotide binding proteins, and is thought to play a role in movement between cells. we have produced a polyclonal antibody to the 25-kda protein to investigate its synthesis and intracellular location. on western blots of infected tissue extracts this antibody detected a single major protein of the expected mobility, produced earlie ... | 1993 | 8212551 |
| expression of antisense nodulin-35 rna in vigna aconitifolia transgenic root nodules retards peroxisome development and affects nitrogen availability to the plant. | a nodulin-35 (n-35) cdna encoding nodule-specific uricase (ec 1.7.3.3.) was isolated from a vigna aconitifolia (mothbean) root nodule cdna library. sequence analysis of vigna uricase (vn-35) cdna revealed 90% homology to that of soybean. the vn-35 cdna was inserted in the antisense orientation downstream of the camv-35s promoter, and transgenic hairy roots were formed on vigna plants using agrobacterium rhizogenes. infection with bradyrhizobium (cowpea) gave rise to root nodules on transgenic ha ... | 1993 | 8220465 |
| bromovirus rna replication and transcription require compatibility between the polymerase- and helicase-like viral rna synthesis proteins. | the positive-strand rna bromoviruses encode two nonstructural proteins, 1a and 2a, involved in rna-dependent rna replication. these proteins have extensive sequence similarities with methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase proteins of other plant and animal viruses. 1a and 2a can also form a complex in vitro. to explore whether 1a-2a interaction is required for rna replication in vivo, we reassorted the 1a and 2a genes from two different bromoviruses, brome mosaic virus (bmv) and cowpea chlo ... | 1993 | 8230440 |
| in vitro destabilization of plant viruses and cdna synthesis. | dna copies of a wide range of rna viruses can be made by the direct addition of appropriately treated, purified virus particles to a reverse transcription reaction. therefore, many problems associated with rna isolation can be circumvented. virus particles can be sufficiently destabilized by adjustments of salt content, buffer, ph or by the use of physical force supplied by a freeze/thaw cycle so that rna in sufficient quantity and physical condition is available for the synthesis of in some cas ... | 1993 | 8263116 |
| coat protein stimulates replication complexes of alfalfa mosaic virus to produce virion rnas in vitro. | viral replication complexes (rcs) were gradient-purified from cowpea mesophyll protoplasts 21 h after inoculation with alfalfa mosaic virus. these membranous structures incorporate [32p]ump into double- and single-stranded rnas in the absence of added template. when coat protein is added prior to the reaction the incorporation in both rna fractions is stimulated several times. part of the single-stranded product rnas are released from the rcs. the stimulation of incorporation in high molecular m ... | 1993 | 8268261 |
| mutational analysis of aug codons of cowpea mosaic virus m rna. | the involvement of the aug codons at positions 115, 161, 512 and 524 in translation and infectivity of cowpea mosaic virus m rna was studied. mutations were introduced in each of these codons in a full length cdna clone of m rna and the effect of the mutations was examined by translation from in vitro transcripts of these mutant cdnas in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and by checking the replication of these transcripts in the presence of b rna in cowpea protoplasts and plants. it was found that au ... | 1993 | 8286445 |
| antifertility effects of cowpeas on male rats. | cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) were fed to rats from weaning to 250 days. at the end of feeding trial and mating trials, histological studies were done on testicular and epididymal tissues. out of the 10 rats from the cowpea fed group, only six had fertile matings. the average litter size for control rats was 13.7 +/- 1.0, while for the cowpea fed group it was 8.2 +/- 7.0. histological studies showed severe degenerative changes in the testis and the presence of multinucleated giant cells (mgcs) in ... | 1993 | 8306384 |
| dietary tannins from cowpeas and tea transiently alter apparent calcium absorption but not absorption and utilization of protein in rats. | tannins reportedly alter absorption and utilization of protein and minerals. the present study investigated the effect of tannins extracted from 'mississippi silver' cowpeas and black tea when incorporated into nutritionally balanced diets. condensed tannins were incorporated into the diet of weanling male sprague-dawley rats at 0.0, 0.0057, 0.0171 and 0.057 g/100 g diet for 28 d. ingestion of tannin from cowpeas or tea did not change significantly growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, apparent ... | 1994 | 8308578 |
| the nutritive value of some selected tanzanian plant food sources. | the chemical composition of different varieties of field beans (vicia faba l.), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata), groundnuts (voandzeia subterranea), and sorghum (sorghum vulgare) were determined. nutrients analysed in these materials included amino acids, starch, sugar, fibre, minerals and antinutritional factors. all the materials were further tested in balance trials with rats; true protein digestibility (td), biological value (bv), net protein utilization (npu) and digestible energy (de) were eva ... | 1993 | 8332582 |
| failure of long-distance movement of southern bean mosaic virus in a resistant host is correlated with lack of normal virion formation. | sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus (shmv) facilitated the spread of the cowpea strain of southern bean sobemovirus (sbmv-c) only in inoculated leaves of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. cv. bountiful), a resistant host for sbmv-c. tissue prints of bean primary leaves doubly inoculated with shmv and sbmv-c, developed by western blotting, showed the presence of the sbmv-c capsid antigen in the mesophyll and epidermis, but no antigen was detected in the conducting bundles. typical sbmv-c virions were n ... | 1993 | 8376965 |
| protoplasts transiently expressing the 200k coding sequence of cowpea mosaic virus b-rna support replication of m-rna. | in order to identify the viral polymerase involved in cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replication the 87k, 110k and 170k proteins as well as the complete 200k polyprotein of cpmv b-rna have been produced in cowpea protoplasts, using expression vectors based on the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. cpmv-specific proteins were obtained that were indistinguishable from proteins found in cpmv-infected protoplasts. proteolytic processing of precursor proteins synthesized from the expression ve ... | 1993 | 8409945 |
| sequence data to settle the taxonomic position of bean common mosaic virus and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus isolates. | the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein genes and 3' non-translated regions (3'-ntrs) of three isolates of bean common mosaic virus (nl1, nl3 and ny15) and one isolate of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (w) were determined. comparison of these sequences revealed that the coat proteins of nl1, ny15 and w were identical in size (287 amino acids) and exhibited an overall sequence similarity (94 to 97%), and 84 to 98% in their n-terminal regions. furthermore, their 3'-ntrs were very similar in len ... | 1993 | 8409946 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a segment from andean potato mottle virus b rna encoding the putative rna polymerase. | andean potato mottle virus (apmv), an endemic south american comovirus, has a bipartite genome consisting of two plus-strand rna molecules (m and b rna). we have cloned the 3' half of the b rna and identified the complete sequence of the putative apmv rna polymerase. the rna polymerase gene is part of a large polyprotein-encoding open reading frame. the putative, mature rna polymerase, as deduced by comparison with the related cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), type member of the comovirus group, is 70 ... | 1993 | 8429307 |
| evidence that cowpea aphid-borne mosaic and blackeye cowpea mosaic viruses are two different potyviruses. | the immunoreactivity of a panel of polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against african isolates of potyviruses from cowpea and african yam bean was examined in elisas. a serological study including reference isolates followed by further characterization in differential hosts resulted in separation of the potyviruses into two distinct serogroups, one containing blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (blcmv) and the other containing cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (camv). using bio ... | 1993 | 8445363 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter-controlled dna copies of cowpea mosaic virus rnas are infectious on plants. | clones have been constructed that contain full-length cdna copies of cowpea mosaic virus rna1 and rna2, downstream of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the clones, when linearized downstream of the viral sequences, give rise to cowpea mosaic virus-like symptoms when inoculated onto cowpea plants. viral rna and virions can be detected in the inoculated plants, demonstrating that the clones are directly infectious. | 1993 | 8492093 |
| the cowpea mosaic virus m rna-encoded 48-kilodalton protein is responsible for induction of tubular structures in protoplasts. | tubular structures extending from plasmodesmata in cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-infected tissue have been implicated to play an important role in cell-to-cell movement of this virus. using a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter-based transient expression vector, we show that expression of only the cpmv m rna-encoded 48-kda protein (48k protein) in cowpea protoplasts is sufficient to induce these structures. strikingly, expression of the 48k protein in protoplasts from a number of nonhost plant sp ... | 1993 | 8497075 |
| the coat protein genes of squash mosaic virus: cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in tobacco protoplasts. | complementary dna of the middle-component rna of the melon strain of squash mosaic comovirus (sqmv) was cloned. clones containing the coat protein genes were identified by hybridization with a degenerate oligonucleotide synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of a purified peptide fragment of the sqmv large coat protein. a clone containing of 2.5 kbp cdna insert of sqmv m-rna was sequenced. the total insert sequence of 2510 bp included a 2373 bp open reading frame (orf) (encoding 791 am ... | 1993 | 8503782 |
| the use of nitrogen-15 labeling for the assessment of leguminous protein digestibility. | this study evaluated the digestibility of leguminous protein labeled with 15n, by using nitrogen balance and quantitation of fecal endogenous nitrogen (fen), determined by isotopic dilution, in order to correct apparent values. seeds of common beans, cowpea and common pea labeled with 1.000 atoms% of 15n-excess were used as protein sources in diets for 60 male wistar rats, during a 6-day assay. the real digestibility values obtained with fen were 77.6, 84.4, and 86.3% for common beans, cowpea an ... | 1993 | 8509900 |
| coding changes in the 3a cell-to-cell movement gene can extend the host range of brome mosaic virus systemic infection. | the m1 and m2 strains of brome mosaic virus (bmv) both systemically infect the monocot host barley, but only the m2 strain systemically infects the dicot cowpea line tvu-612. we have shown previously that this difference in host range maps primarily to rna3. to further characterize the role of rna3 in host specificity, a series of rna3 hybrids were tested, in inoculations with m1 rna1 and rna2, for ability to systemically infect tvu-612 cowpea. although all hybrids were amplified well in cowpea ... | 1995 | 8553548 |
| elaboration of amylase activity and changes in paste viscosity of some common indian legumes during germination. | the effect of germination upto 120 hours on malting loss, amylase activity and viscosity of nine common indian legumes was investigated. the amylase activity increased on progressive germination in all legumes, the increase being particularly high for green gram, horse gram, moth bean and black gram. malted samples had lower cooked paste viscosity than native ones. samples with high amylase activity exhibited proportionately lower viscosity. maximum reduction in viscosity was observed in green g ... | 1995 | 8577652 |
| an insecticidal n-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin gene from griffonia simplicifolia (leguminosae). | griffonia simplicifolia ii, an n-acetylglucosamine-specific legume lectin, has insecticidal activity when fed to the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f.). a cdna clone encoding g. simplicifolia ii was isolated from a leaf cdna library, sequenced, and expressed in a bacterial expression system. the recombinant protein exhibited n-acetylglucosamine-binding and insecticidal activity against cowpea weevil, indicating that glycosylation and multimeric structure are not required for these prop ... | 1996 | 8587982 |
| a new root-nodulating symbiont of the tropical legume sesbania, rhizobium sp. sin-1, is closely related to r. galegae, a species that nodulates temperate legumes. | rhizobium sp. sin-1, isolated in india from root nodules on the tropical legume sesbania aculeata, also induces nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of s. macrocarpa, s. speciosa, s. procumbens, s. punicea, s. rostrata, and vigna unguiculata. unlike azorhizobium caulinodans, sin-1 does not induce stem nodules on s. rostrata. the nodules induced by sin-1 develop exclusively at the bases of secondary roots. electron microscopic studies of mature nodule sections revealed rhizobia within intercellular s ... | 1995 | 8593950 |
| improved diagnosis of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in africa: significance for cowpea seed-indexing, breeding programs and potyvirus taxonomy. | large-scale surveys in africa for blackeye cowpea mosaic (b1cmv) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (cabmv) showed that several cabmv isolates from southern africa were either not or poorly recognized by monoclonal antibodies prepared to isolates collected in west africa. selection of three new monoclonal antibodies prepared against the maputo (mozambique) isolate of cabmv, and their incorporation into a revised panel of monoclonal antibodies, resulted in the assignment of four of these new cabmv iso ... | 1996 | 8629941 |
| bradyrhizobium (arachis) sp. strain nc92 contains two nodd genes involved in the repression of noda and a nola gene required for the efficient nodulation of host plants. | the common nodulation locus and closely linked nodulation genes of bradyrhizobium (arachis) sp. strain nc92 have been isolated on an 11.0-kb ecori restriction fragment. the nucleotide sequence of a 7.0-kb ecorv-ecori subclone was determined and found to contain open reading frames (orfs) homologous to the noda, nodb, nodd1, nodd2, and nola genes of bradyrhizobium japonicum and bradyrhizobium elkanii. nodulation assays of nodd1, nodd2, or nola deletion mutants on the host plants macroptilium atro ... | 1996 | 8631662 |
| the polymerase-like core of brome mosaic virus 2a protein, lacking a region interacting with viral 1a protein in vitro, maintains activity and 1a selectivity in rna replication. | brome mosaic virus (bmv), a member of the alphavirus-like super-family of positive-strand rna viruses, encodes two proteins required for viral rna replication: 1a and 2a. 1a contains m7g methyltransferase- and helicase-like domains, while 2a contains a polymerase (pol)-like core flanked by n- and c-terminal extensions. genetic studies show that bmv rna replication requires 1a-2a compatibility implying direct or indirect 1a-2a interaction in vivo. in vitro, la interacts with the n-terminal 125-am ... | 1996 | 8676500 |
| sequence of the 3'-terminal region of a zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). | the 3'-terminal 1221 nucleotides of a zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (cabmv) genome have been sequenced. the sequence comprises an open reading frame (orf) of 990 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding-region of 231 nucleotides followed by a poly-a. the orf has high similarity to nib and coat proteins (cp) of potyviruses. a potential cp q/s cleavage site was identified, yielding a cp of 30.5 kda containing 275 amino acids. the cabmv sequence is closely related to that of south ... | 1996 | 8678838 |
| effects of dietary soybean and cowpea on gut morphology and faecal composition in creep and noncreep-fed pigs. | the effects of creep feeding and different levels of soybean meal (sbm) and cowpea meal on the intestinal morphology and faecal characteristics were investigated in weaners. prior to the feeding trial, one group of piglets was creep-fed and the other noncreep-fed. the two groups of piglets were weaned at 28 days and randomly assigned to four different diets whose main sources of protein were: t1-skimmed milk powder (control); t2-31 % soybean meal; t(3)-15% soybean meal and 12 % skimmed milk powd ... | 1996 | 8701635 |
| pattern of fecal endogenous nitrogen excretion in rats fed leguminous diets. | the main objective of this investigation was to establish the pattern in relation to time of the rat fecal endogenous nitrogen excretion by continuous feeding of balanced diets containing common peas, cowpeas or common beans as the protein sources (10% protein), labeled with 1.000 atoms % of 15n-excess. nitrogen of endogenous origin was measured by the isotope dilution method in a 6-day experiment. fecal excretion of endogenous nitrogen of rats fed the leguminous diets was roughly twice that of ... | 1996 | 8708819 |
| chemical and biological characteristics of a west african weaning food supplemented with compea (vigna unguiculata). | the effects of cowpea and amino acid supplementation on the protein quality and chemical characteristics of a maize-based west african traditional weaning food were studied. process optimization for improved nutritive value was also determined. supplementation of the traditional weaning food with cowpea increased the lysine, tryptophan and threonine content while the sulphur-amino acids decreased with increasing levels of cowpea. further supplementation of 70:30 maize/cowpea blends with lysine, ... | 1995 | 8719738 |
| cowpea flour: a potential ingredient in food products. | cowpeas (vigna unguiculata l. walp) are an important grain legume in east and west african countries as well as in other developing countries. the u.s. is the only developed country producing large amounts of cowpeas. high protein (18 to 35%) and carbohydrate (50 to 65%) contents, together with an amino acid pattern complementary to that of cereal grains, make cowpeas potentially important to the human diet from a nutritional standpoint. despite their potential as an inexpensive source of protei ... | 1996 | 8725672 |
| chitin-binding proteins from cowpea (vigna unguiculata) seeds. | vicilins (7s storage proteins) from cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and other legume seeds were shown to bind to chitin, to regenerated chitin (fully acetylated chitin) and to chitosan (deacetylated chitin). adsorbed vicilins were desorbed from these matrices by acetic and hydrochloric acids and by highly polymerized soluble chitosan. proteins such as the lectin of common bean (pha), soybean trypsin inhibitor (kunitz), a beta-1,3-glucanase from cowpea seeds, bovine pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin, chic ... | 1996 | 8736124 |
| isolation and modulation of growth of a colonization-impaired strain of enterobacter cloacae in cucumber spermosphere. | enterobacter cloacae a-46 was isolated for use in an environmental containment strategy for genetically modified derivative strains with enhanced biocontrol activity. the population of e. cloacae a-46, a transposon mutant of the plant-beneficial bacterium e. cloacae 501r3, increased 10-fold (significant increase at p < or = 0.05) in cucumber spermosphere when applied to cucumber seeds along with casamino acids. in contrast, strain a-46 was incapable of proliferation in cucumber spermosphere in t ... | 1996 | 8742359 |
| protective mechanism of the mexican bean weevil against high levels of alpha-amylase inhibitor in the common bean. | alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha ai) protects seeds of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) against predation by certain species of bruchids such as the cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus) and the azuki bean weevil (callosobruchus chinensis), but not against predation by the bean weevil (acanthoscelides obtectus) or the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus), insects that are common in the americas. we characterized the interaction of alpha ai-1 present in seeds of the common bean, of a ... | 1996 | 8787024 |
| analysis of a salt stable mutant of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. | an understanding of virion assembly and disassembly requires a detailed understanding of the protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions which stabilize the virion. we have characterized a mutant of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) that is altered in virion stability. the mutant virions resist disassembly in 1.0 m nacl, ph 7.5, whereas the wild-type virions completely disassociate into rna and capsid protein components. sequence analysis of the mutant coat protein gene identified a ... | 1996 | 8806492 |
| a single codon change in a conserved motif of a bromovirus movement protein gene confers compatibility with a new host. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) are closely related bromoviruses with tripartite rna genomes, but distinct host ranges: bmv systemically infects the monocot barley, while ccmv systemically infects the dicot cowpea. we have previously shown that in approximately 10% of inoculated cowpea plants, a ccmv hybrid [ccmv(b3a)] with the 3a cell-to-cell movement protein gene replaced by that of cowpea-nonadapted bmv directs systemic infections, which are caused by seconda ... | 1996 | 8806564 |
| phenotypic characterization and regulation of the nola gene of bradyrhizobium japonicum. | two bradyrhizobium japonicum nola mutants were constructed and used to test the functional role of nola in nodulation. contrary to the previous hypothesis that nola acts as a repressor of nod gene transcription, the expression of a nodd1-lacz or nody-lacz fusion in the nola mutant strains was similar to that found in the wild type. however, nola does appear to act as a transcriptional regulatory protein since it is required for its own expression, as well as that of nodd2. expression of nodd2 fr ... | 1996 | 8810078 |
| the 24 kda proteinases of comoviruses are virus-specific in cis as well as in trans. | to investigate the specificity of comoviral 24 kda ('24k') proteinases, a full-length cdna copy of red clover mottle virus (rcmv) rna 1 has been cloned downstream of a t7 promoter. translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates of in vitro transcripts from this clone resulted in the synthesis of a 200k protein which was processed in a manner similar to that of the equivalent protein from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). full-length cdna clones of the rna 1 molecules of rcmv and cpmv were used to create h ... | 1996 | 8811039 |