Publications

biochemical mechanism of the effect of barbital on rifamycin b biosynthesis by amycolatopsis mediterranei (m18 strain).	it is well known that 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (barbital) in the culture medium can stimulate the production of rifamycin b by amycolatopsis mediterranei, particularly in industrial processes. however, the mechanism by which barbital exerts this effect is unknown. results in this work show that the barbital effect is only evident under low aeration conditions (50-ml microfermentors with 7 ml of medium, 0.08 l/h air flow). under these conditions, cultures with barbital showed similar co2 produc ...	2003	16233407
gene cloning and molecular characterization of an extracellular poly(l-lactic acid) depolymerase from amycolatopsis sp. strain k104-1.	we have isolated a polylactide or poly(l-lactic acid) (pla)-degrading bacterium, amycolatopsis sp. strain k104-1, and purified pla depolymerase (pld) from the culture fluid of the bacterium. here, we cloned and expressed the pld gene encoding pld in streptomyces lividans 1326 and characterized a recombinant pld (rpld) preparation. we also describe the processing mechanism from nascent pld to mature pld. the pld gene encodes pld as a 24,225-da polypeptide consisting of 238 amino acids. biochemica ...	2005	16237016
[cloning, expression and transcriptional analysis of biotin carboxyl carrier protein gene (acca) from amycolatopsis mediterranei u32 ].	acetyl coa carboxylase (ec 6.4.1.2, acc) catalyzes the atp-dependent carboxylation of acetyl coa to yield malonyl coa, which is the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis. a pair of degenerate pcr primers were designed according to the conserved amino acid sequence of acca from m. tuberculosis and s. coelicolor. the product of the pcr amplification, a dna fragment of 250bp was used as a probe for screening the u32 genomic cosmid library and its gene, acca, coding the biotinylated protein s ...	2003	16276872
[characterization of amycolatopsis meditteranei u32 chromosome by pulse-field gel electrophoresis].	amycolatopsis meditteranei u32 is an industrial strain with high yield of rifamycin sv. its chromosome structure was characterized by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. the topological structure of u32 chromosome was linear and its genome size was about 10 mb. there was no internal plasmid found. gene encoding several enzymes involved in rifamycin bio-synthesis and relevant primary metabolism as well as protein related to metabolic regulation were localized by southern blot. the results revealed t ...	2003	16276900
structured kinetic model to represent the utilization of multiple substrates in complex media during rifamycin b fermentation.	industrial fermentations typically use media that are balanced with multiple substitutable substrates including complex carbon and nitrogen source. yet, much of the modeling effort to date has mainly focused on defined media. here, we present a structured model that accounts for growth and product formation kinetics of rifamycin b fermentation in a multi-substrate complex medium. the phenomenological model considers the organism to be an optimal strategist with an in-built mechanism that regulat ...	2006	16302259
production of vanillin by metabolically engineered escherichia coli.	e. coli was metabolically engineered to produce vanillin by expression of the fcs and ech genes from amycolatopsis sp. encoding feruloyl-coa synthetase and enoyl-coa hydratase/aldolase, respectively. vanillin production was optimized by leaky expression of the genes, under the iptg-inducible trc promoter, in complex 2yt medium. supplementation with glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose or glycerol severely decreased vanillin production. the highest vanillin production of 1.1 g l(-1) was obtain ...	2005	16314978
two exo-beta-d-glucosaminidases/exochitosanases from actinomycetes define a new subfamily within family 2 of glycoside hydrolases.	a glcnase (exo-beta-d-glucosaminidase) was purified from culture supernatant of amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. orientalis grown in medium with chitosan. the enzyme hydrolysed the terminal glcn (glucosamine) residues in oligomers of glcn with transglycosylation observed at late reaction stages. 1h-nmr spectroscopy revealed that the enzyme is a retaining glycoside hydrolase. the glcnase also behaved as an exochitosanase against high-molecular-mass chitosan with k(m) and kcat values of 0.16 mg/ml ...	2006	16316314
novel actinomycete isolated from bulking industrial sludge.	a novel actinomycete was the predominant filamentous microorganism in bulking activated sludge in a bench-scale reactor treating coke plant wastewater. the bacterium was isolated and identified as an actinomycete that is biochemically and morphologically similar to amycolatopsis orientalis; however, a lack of dna homology excludes true relatedness. at present, the isolate (nrrl b 16216) cannot be assigned to the recognized taxa of actinomycetes.	1986	16347238
efficient transformation of the cephamycin c producer nocardia lactamdurans and development of shuttle and promoter-probe cloning vectors.	a high transformation efficiency (1 x 10 to 7 x 10 transformants per mug of dna) of nocardia lactamdurans lc411 was obtained by direct treatment of mycelium with polyethylene glycol 1000 and cesium chloride. a variety of vectors from streptomyces lividans, brevibacterium lactofermentum, rhodococcus fascians, and a nocardia (amycolatopsis) sp. were tested; transformants could be obtained only with vectors derived from an endogenous plasmid of the amycolatopsis sp. strain dsm 43387. vectors carryi ...	1994	16349436
reclassification of amycolatopsis orientalis dsm 43387 as amycolatopsis benzoatilytica sp. nov.	amycolatopsis orientalis dsm 43387, a clinical isolate from submandibular mycetoma tissue, is one of three plasmid-bearing strains of the genus amycolatopsis. it degrades aromatic compounds such as m-hydroxybenzoate, but does not produce any antibiotics, in contrast to amycolatopsis orientalis nbrc 12806t. phylogenetic analysis based on a complete 16s rrna gene sequence placed the strain in the clade of amycolatopsis albidoflavus imsnu 22139t, distant from the clade of a. orientalis nbrc 12806t. ...	2006	16403887
amycolatopsis minnesotensis sp. nov., isolated from a prairie soil.	two actinomycete strains, 32u-2t and 32u-4, were isolated from a prairie soil in minnesota and subjected to characterization by means of polyphasic taxonomy. the 16s rrna gene sequences were determined following pcr amplification and cloning. a phylogenetic analysis, based on comparative analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences, indicated that the organisms consistently formed a well-separated, distinct sub-branch within the radiation of the genus amycolatopsis of the family pseudonocardiaceae. the l ...	2006	16403896
metabolic engineering of the e. coli l-phenylalanine pathway for the production of d-phenylglycine (d-phg).	d-phenylglycine (d-phg) is an important side chain building block for semi-synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins such as ampicillin and cephalexin. to produce d-phg ultimately from glucose, metabolic engineering was applied. starting from phenylpyruvate, which is the direct precursor of l-phenylalanine, an artificial d-phg biosynthesis pathway was created. this three-step route is composed of the enzymes hydroxymandelate synthase (hmas), hydroxymandelate oxidase (hmo), and the stereoinverting ...	2006	16466681
exploration of amycolatopsis diversity in soil using genus-specific primers and novel selective media.	large numbers of actinomycetes provisionally assigned to the genus amycolatopsis were isolated from soil samples using a dilution plate procedure and three novel media designed to be selective for members of this genus. a set of genus-specific oligonucleotide primers developed for the rapid identification of unknown amycolatopsis strains was used to determine whether representative strains taken from the selective isolation plates produced the diagnostic amplification product. the 175 isolates w ...	2006	16466884
heterologous expression of glycopeptide resistance vanhax gene clusters from soil bacteria in enterococcus faecalis.	the aim of the study was to determine whether glycopeptide resistance gene clusters from soil bacteria could be heterologously expressed in enterococcus faecalis and adapt to the new host following exposure to vancomycin.	2006	16476725
production of poly(l-lactide)-degrading enzyme by amycolatopsis orientalis for biological recycling of poly(l-lactide).	efficient production of poly(l-lactide)(pla)-degrading enzyme was achieved by addition of 0.1% (w/v) silk fibroin powder into a liquid culture medium of an actinomycete, amycolatopsis orientalis, without other complex nitrogen sources, such as yeast extract and peptone. scaled-up production of the enzyme in a 5-l jar fermenter showed the possibility of producing this enzyme on an industrial scale at low production cost. the extracellular pla-degrading enzyme showed potent degrading activity, whi ...	2006	16477443
amycolatopsis jejuensis sp. nov. and amycolatopsis halotolerans sp. nov., novel actinomycetes isolated from a natural cave.	two actinomycete strains, designated n7-3t and n4-6t, were isolated from a natural cave on jeju island, republic of korea, by using a dilution method, and were subjected to physiological, chemical and molecular characterization. the nearly complete sequences of the 16s rrna gene were aligned and compared with those of representatives of the genus amycolatopsis. phylogenetic analysis showed that the organisms belong to the family pseudonocardiaceae and formed two distinct lineages within the evol ...	2006	16514025
discovery of a new source of rifamycin antibiotics in marine sponge actinobacteria by phylogenetic prediction.	phylogenetic analysis of the ketosynthase (ks) gene sequences of marine sponge-derived salinispora strains of actinobacteria indicated that the polyketide synthase (pks) gene sequence most closely related to that of salinispora was the rifamycin b synthase of amycolatopsis mediterranei. this result was not expected from taxonomic species tree phylogenetics using 16s rrna sequences. from the pks sequence data generated from our sponge-derived salinispora strains, we predicted that such strains mi ...	2006	16517661
a cybernetic model to predict the effect of freely available nitrogen substrate on rifamycin b production in complex media.	it is well-known that secondary metabolite production is repressed by excess nitrogen substrate available in the fermentation media. although the nitrogen catabolite repression has been known, quantitative process models have not been reported to represent this phenomenon in complex medium. in this paper, we present a cybernetic model for rifamycin b production via amycolatopsis mediterranei s699 in complex medium, which is typically used in industry. nitrogen substrate is assumed to be present ...	2006	16534611
biosynthesis of l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine in the actinomycete amycolatopsis methanolica.	auxotrophic mutants of the actinomycete amycolatopsis methanolica requiring l-phe or l-tyr were isolated and identified as strains lacking prephenate dehydratase (strain gh71) or arogenate dehydrogenase (strain gh70), respectively. a. methanolica thus employs single pathways only for the biosynthesis of these aromatic amino acids. anion-exchange chromatography of extracts revealed two peaks with phe as well as tyr aminotransferase (at) activity (phe/tyr ati and phe/tyr atii) and three peaks with ...	1995	16534989
isolation of microorganisms able to metabolize purified natural rubber.	bacteria able to grow on purified natural rubber in the absence of other organic carbon sources were isolated from soil. ten isolates reduced the weight of vulcanized rubber from latex gloves by >10% in 6 weeks. scanning electron microscopy clearly revealed the ability of the microorganisms to colonize, penetrate, and dramatically alter the physical structure of the rubber. the rubber-metabolizing bacteria were identified on the basis of fatty acid profiles and cell wall characteristics. seven i ...	1995	16535106
polylactide degradation by an amycolatopsis sp.	by applying the plate count and clear-zone methods, it was confirmed that polylactide (pla)-degrading microorganisms are sparsely distributed in soil environments. an amycolatopsis isolate was successfully isolated. microbial degradation of pla film was demonstrated; i.e., about 60% of the 100-mg film initially added was degraded by the strain after 14 days of liquid culture.	1997	16535586
evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: n-succinylamino acid racemase and a new pathway for the irreversible conversion of d- to l-amino acids.	members of the mechanistically diverse enolase superfamily catalyze reactions that are initiated by abstraction of the alpha-proton of a carboxylate anion to generate an enolate anion intermediate that is stabilized by coordination to a mg2+ ion. the catalytic groups, ligands for an essential mg2+ and acid/base catalysts, are located in the (beta/alpha)8-barrel domain of the bidomain proteins. the assigned physiological functions in the muconate lactonizing enzyme (mle) subgroup (lys acid/base c ...	2006	16584181
nocardioform placentitis with isolation of amycolatopsis spp in a florida-bred mare.	a 4-year-old thoroughbred mare was evaluated because of placental abnormalities and a retained placental remnant.	2006	16618229
harnessing eugenol as a substrate for production of aromatic compounds with recombinant strains of amycolatopsis sp. hr167.	to harness eugenol as cheap substrate for the biotechnological production of aromatic compounds, the vanillyl alcohol oxidase gene (vaoa) from penicillium simplicissimum cbs 170.90 was cloned in an expression vector suitable for gram-positive bacteria and expressed in the vanillin-tolerant gram-positive strain amycolatopsis sp. hr167. recombinant strains harboring hybrid plasmid prle6skvaom exhibited a specific vanillyl alcohol oxidase activity of 1.1u/g protein. moreover, this strain had gained ...	2006	16677732
evidence for apparent gene instability in the rifamycin-producing oligoketide synthase. implications for combinatorial biosynthesis and heterologous gene expression.	the oligoketide ('polyketide') synthase leading to the formation of proansamycin x in amycolatopsis mediterranei also prematurely releases a range of acyclic intermediates from the enzyme complex. we intended to study the chemical biology of this ectopic chain release using rifa as a model protein system; however, we were unable to clone the rifa gene in its entirety. restriction analysis of cosmid clones revealed that rifa is subject to random deletions at high frequency, especially in central ...	2005	16681144
genetic analysis of the balhimycin (vancomycin-type) oxygenase genes.	in the balhimycin biosynthesis three oxygenases oxya, oxyb and oxyc are responsible for the oxidative phenol coupling reactions, which lead to the ring-closures between the aromatic amino acid side chains in the heptapeptide aglycone. these ring-closures constrain the peptide backbone into the cup-shaped conformation that is required for binding to the lys-d-ala-d-ala-terminus of the cell wall precursor peptide and represent one of the essential features of glycopeptide antibiotics. in the balhi ...	2006	16730832
evolution of structure and function in the o-succinylbenzoate synthase/n-acylamino acid racemase family of the enolase superfamily.	understanding how proteins evolve to provide both exquisite specificity and proficient activity is a fundamental problem in biology that has implications for protein function prediction and protein engineering. to study this problem, we analyzed the evolution of structure and function in the o-succinylbenzoate synthase/n-acylamino acid racemase (osbs/naaar) family, part of the mechanistically diverse enolase superfamily. although all characterized members of the family catalyze the osbs reaction ...	2006	16740275
biodegradability and biodegradation of poly(lactide).	poly(lactide) (pla) has been developed and made commercially available in recent years. one of the major tasks to be taken before the widespread application of pla is the fundamental understanding of its biodegradation mechanisms. this paper provides a short overview on the biodegradability and biodegradation of pla. emphasis is focused mainly on microbial and enzymatic degradation. most of the pla-degrading microorganisms phylogenetically belong to the family of pseudonocardiaceae and related g ...	2006	16823551
exo-beta-d-glucosaminidase from amycolatopsis orientalis: catalytic residues, sugar recognition specificity, kinetics, and synergism.	catalytic residues and the mode of action of the exo-beta-d-glucosaminidase (glcnase) from amycolatopsis orientalis were investigated using the wild-type and mutated enzymes. mutations were introduced into the putative catalytic residues resulting in five mutated enzymes (d469a, d469e, e541d, e541q, and s468n/d469e) that were successfully produced. the four single mutants were devoid of enzymatic activity, indicating that asp469 and glu541 are essential for catalysis as predicted by sequence ali ...	2006	16877749
amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov., from soil.	an actinomycete strain (0345m-7(t)) was isolated from a soil sample from yilan county, taiwan. the isolate displayed substrate mycelia, upon which were borne short spore chains. the spore chains were composed of non-motile, smooth-surfaced, oval spores. strain 0345m-7(t) had meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan. whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose. the only phospholipid found was phosphatidylethanolamine. the predominant menaquinone was mk-9(h(4)). mycolic ac ...	2006	16902013
phase shifts in the stoichiometry of rifamycin b fermentation and correlation with the trends in the parameters measured online.	antibiotic fermentation processes are raw material cost intensive and the profitability is greatly dependent on the product yield per unit substrate consumed. in order to reduce costs, industrial processes use organic nitrogen substrates (ons) such as corn steep liquor and yeast extract. thus, although the stoichiometric analysis is the first logical step in process development, it is often difficult to achieve due to the ill-defined nature of the medium. here, we present a black-box stoichiomet ...	2006	16904217
the small mbth-like protein encoded by an internal gene of the balhimycin biosynthetic gene cluster is not required for glycopeptide production.	the balhimycin biosynthetic gene cluster of the glycopeptide producer amycolatopsis balhimycina includes a gene (orf1) with unknown function. orf1 shows high similarity to the mbth gene from mycobacterium tuberculosis. in almost all nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) biosynthetic gene clusters, we could identify a small mbth-like gene whose function in peptide biosynthesis is not known. the mbth-like gene is always colocalized with the nrps genes; however, it does not have a specific positio ...	2006	16907743
cloning and expression of a cytochrome p450 hydroxylase gene from amycolatopsis orientalis: hydroxylation of epothilone b for the production of epothilone f.	degenerate pcr primers were used to amplify cytochrome p450 gene fragments from the high-gc gram-negative bacteria amycolatopsis orientalis, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of epothilone b to produce epothilone f. the amplified fragments were used as hybridization probes to identify and clone two intact cytochrome p450 genes. the expression of one of the cloned genes in a streptomyces lividans transformant resulted in the biotransformation of epothilone b to epothilone f. the conversion of epo ...	2007	16972046
repam of the amycolatopsis methanolica integrative element pmea300 belongs to a novel class of replication initiator proteins.	accessory genetic elements, such as plasmids and integrative elements, are widespread amongst actinomycetes, but little is known about their functions and mode of replication. the conjugative element pmea300 from amycolatopsis methanolica is present mostly in an integrated state at a single specific site in the chromosome, but it can also replicate autonomously. complete nucleotide sequencing, in combination with deletion studies, has revealed that orfb of pmea300 is essential for autonomous rep ...	2006	17005975
amycolatopsis australiensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from arid soils.	the taxonomic position of a group of mesophilic actinomycetes isolated from arid australian soils was determined using a polyphasic approach. the organisms shared chemical and morphological markers typical of members of the genus amycolatopsis. they had identical 16s rrna gene sequences and formed a distinct phyletic line in the amycolatopsis mediterranei clade, being most closely related to a. mediterranei. in addition, they shared a range of phenotypic properties that distinguished them from r ...	2006	17012550
hierarchical amino acid utilization and its influence on fermentation dynamics: rifamycin b fermentation using amycolatopsis mediterranei s699, a case study.	industrial fermentation typically uses complex nitrogen substrates which consist of mixture of amino acids. the uptake of amino acids is known to be mediated by several amino acid transporters with certain preferences. however, models to predict this preferential uptake are not available. we present the stoichiometry for the utilization of amino acids as a sole carbon and nitrogen substrate or along with glucose as an additional carbon source. in the former case, the excess nitrogen provided by ...	2006	17081297
genomic analyses lead to novel secondary metabolites. part 3. eco-0501, a novel antibacterial of a new class.	genomic analyses of amycolatopsis orientalis atcc 43491 strain, deposited as a vancomycin producer, revealed the presence of genetic loci for the production of at least 10 secondary metabolites other than vancomycin. one of these gene clusters, which contained a type i polyketide synthase, was predicted to direct the synthesis of novel class of compound, a glycosidic polyketide eco-0501 (1). screening of culture extracts for a compound with the predicted physicochemical properties of the product ...	2006	17136886
bacterial type i glutamine synthetase of the rifamycin sv producing actinomycete, amycolatopsis mediterranei u32, is the only enzyme responsible for glutamine synthesis under physiological conditions.	the structural gene for glutamine synthetase, glna, from amycolatopsis mediterranei u32 was cloned via screening a genomic library using the analog gene from streptomyces coelicolor. the clone was functionally verified by complementing for glutamine requirement of an escherichia coli glna null mutant under the control of a lac promoter. sequence analysis showed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 466 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence bears significant homologies to oth ...	2006	17151776
identification and characterization of glna promoter and its corresponding trans-regulatory protein glnr in the rifamycin sv producing actinomycete, amycolatopsis mediterranei u32.	the genetic requirements for the transcription of glna, encoding the major glutamine synthetase in a rifamycin sv-producing amycolatopsis mediterranei strain, u32, were investigated. primer extension experiments showed that the promoter of u32 glna (pglna) was likely to have two transcription initiation sites: p(1) and p(2), located 157 and 45 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the translational start codon, respectively. gel mobility shift and dnase i footprinting analyses revealed a 30 bp cis-elemen ...	2006	17151777
chromium(vi) resistance and removal by actinomycete strains isolated from sediments.	forty-one isolated actinomycetes were used to study qualitative and semi-quantitative screening of chromium(vi) resistance. chromate-removing activity was estimated using the cr(vi) specific colorimetric reagent 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. twenty percent of the isolates from el cadillal (ec) and 14% of isolates from a copper filter plant (cfp) were able to grow at 13 mm of cr(vi). all isolates from sugar cane (scp) could grow up to cr(vi) concentration of 17 mm. ec, cfp and scp strains were able to r ...	2007	17182076
pcr screening reveals unexpected antibiotic biosynthetic potential in amycolatopsis sp. strain um16.	to assess the antibiotic biosynthetic potential of amycolatopsis sp. strain um16 and eight other amycolatopsis species.	2007	17184341
amycolatopsis nigrescens sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a roman catacomb.	the taxonomic status of two actinomycetes isolated from the wall of a hypogean roman catacomb was established based on a polyphasic investigation. the organisms were found to have chemical and morphological markers typical of members of the genus amycolatopsis. they also shared a range of chemical, molecular and phenotypic markers which served to separate them from representatives of recognized amycolatopsis species. the new isolates formed a branch in the amycolatopsis 16s rrna gene sequence tr ...	2007	17329776
diversity of cultivated and uncultivated actinobacterial endophytes in the stems and roots of rice.	a dual approach consisting of cultivation and molecular retrieval of actinobacterial 16s rrna genes was used to characterize the diversity of actinobacterial community inhabiting interior of rice stems and roots. streptomyces is the most frequently isolated genus from rice stems and roots. forty-five clones chosen randomly among 250 clones in the 16s rrna gene clone library from roots were affiliated with nine genera of actinobacteria and uncultured actinobacteria (mycobacterium, streptomyces, m ...	2007	17334856
rifp; a membrane protein involved in rifamycin export in amycolatopsis mediterranei.	the rifamycin gene cluster in amycolatopsis mediterranei includes the gene rifp, whose role in antibiotic production has not yet been established. in this work, the rifp gene was silenced and the results indicated that it codes for a protein to export rifamycin, avoiding its accumulation inside the cell. an antisense cassette was constructed by inserting the rifp gene in an antisense orientation downstream from the modified erme* promoter, and upstream of the tasd terminator (aspartate semialdeh ...	2007	17351715
a complex role of amycolatopsis mediterranei glnr in nitrogen metabolism and related antibiotics production.	amycolatopsis, genus of a rare actinomycete, produces many clinically important antibiotics, such as rifamycin and vancomycin. although glnr of amycolatopsis mediterranei is a direct activator of the glna gene expression, the production of glnr does not linearly correlate with the expression of glna under different nitrogen conditions. moreover, a. mediterranei glnr apparently inhibits rifamycin biosynthesis in the absence of nitrate but is indispensable for the nitrate-stimulating effect for it ...	2007	17364194
balance between aerobic and anaerobic metabolites production of amycolatopsis orientalis depending on initial glucose concentration.	the effect of glucose concentration as a carbon source in the range of 5-20 g/l on the fermentative productions of intra-and extra-cellular ethanol, acetate, formate, oxalate, lactate, and pyruvate, as well as pyruvate decarboxylase in a. orientalis were investigated, depending on the incubation period. intra-and extra-cellular pyruvate levels increased with rising glucose concentrations up to 15 and 20 g/l of glucose, respectively. in addition, intra-cellular pyruvate levels reached their maxim ...	2007	17516254
prevalence and distribution of nucleotide sequences typical for pmea-like accessory genetic elements in the genus amycolatopsis.	the prevalence and distribution of pmea-like elements in the genus amycolatopsis was studied. for this purpose, a set of 95 recently isolated amycolatopsis strains and 16 amycolatopsis type strains were examined for the presence of two unique pmea-sequences (repam and traj), encoding proteins essential for replication and conjugative transfer. homologues of repam and traj were found in 10 and 26 of 111 investigated strains, respectively, a result which shows that pmea-like sequences, though not ...	2007	17535299
amycolatopsis saalfeldensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a medieval alum slate mine.	three actinomycetes isolated from the surfaces of rocks in a medieval slate mine were examined in a polyphasic taxonomic study. chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics of the isolates were typical of strains of the genus amycolatopsis. the isolates had identical 16s rrna gene sequences and formed a distinct phyletic line towards the periphery of the amycolatopsis mediterranei clade, being most closely related to amycolatopsis rifamycinica. the organisms shared a wide range of genotypic ...	2007	17625209
[cloning and functional studies of the chromosomal replication origin of actinomadura yumaensis].	the chromosomal replication origins (oric) have been investigated in gram-positive eubacteria actinomycetes, including streptomyces, mycobacterium and amycolatopsis, and reveal various dnaa-boxes and at-rich sequences between the conserved dnaa and dnan genes. actinomadura yumaensis nrrl12515 is a producer of anthelmintic polyether maduramicin. in this paper,cloning, sequencing and functional studies of its oric have been carried out. a pair of oligonucleotide primers, based on the conserved seq ...	2007	17672320
amycolatopsis echigonensis sp. nov. and amycolatopsis niigatensis sp. nov., novel actinomycetes isolated from a filtration substrate.	the taxonomic position of two actinomycete strains, lc2(t) and lc11(t), isolated from a filtration substrate made from japanese volcanic soil, was determined using a polyphasic approach. the strains grew at temperatures from 5 to 45 degrees c, on media of ph between 6 and 11 and in the presence of 7 % nacl. the major menaquinone was mk-9(h(4)). the major fatty acid was iso-c(16 : 0). a phylogenetic tree based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the two strains formed a distinct evolutionary l ...	2007	17684249
lentzea kentuckyensis sp. nov., of equine origin.	a novel actinomycete, designated strain lddc 2876-05(t), was isolated from an equine placenta during the course of routine diagnostic tests for nocardioform placentitis. in a preliminary study, the strain was observed to be phylogenetically distinct from the genera crossiella and amycolatopsis and probably a member of the genus lentzea. a polyphasic study of strain lddc 2876-05(t) confirmed its identification as a member of lentzea on the basis of its chemotaxonomic and morphological similarity ...	2007	17684256
the border sequence of the balhimycin biosynthesis gene cluster from amycolatopsis balhimycina contains bbr, encoding a strr-like pathway-specific regulator.	balhimycin, produced by the actinomycete amycolatopsis balhimycina dsm5908, is a glycopeptide antibiotic highly similar to vancomycin, the antibiotic of 'last resort' used for the treatment of resistant gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. partial sequence of the balhimycin biosynthesis gene cluster was previously reported. in this work, cosmids which overlap the region of the characterized gene cluster were isolated and sequenced. at the 'left' end of the cluster, genes were identified which are ...	2007	17693715
enhanced vanillin production from recombinant e. coli using ntg mutagenesis and adsorbent resin.	vanillin production was tested with different concentrations of added ferulic acid in e. coli harboring plasmid ptahef containing fcs (feruloyl-coa synthase) and ech (enoyl-coa hydratase/aldolase) genes cloned from amycolatopsis sp. strain hr104. the maximum production of vanillin from e. coli dh5alpha harboring ptahef was found to be 1.0 g/l at 2.0 g/l of ferulic acid for 48 h of culture. to improve the vanillin production by reducing its toxicity, two approaches were followed: (1) generation o ...	2007	17711294
the abc transporter tba of amycolatopsis balhimycina is required for efficient export of the glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin.	all known gene clusters for glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis contain a conserved gene supposed to encode an abc-transporter. in the balhimycin-producer amycolatopsis balhimycina this gene (tba) is localised between the prephenate dehydrogenase gene pdh and the peptide synthetase gene bpsa. inactivation of tba in a. balhimycina by gene replacement did not interfere with growth and did not affect balhimycin resistance. however, in the supernatant of the tba mutant rm43 less balhimycin was accu ...	2007	17823795
isolation and structure elucidation of thiazomycin- a potent thiazolyl peptide antibiotic from amycolatopsis fastidiosa.	thiazolyl peptides are a class of rigid macrocyclic compounds richly populated with thiazole rings. they are highly potent antibiotics but none have been advanced to clinic due to poor aqueous solubility. recent progress in this field prompted a reinvestigation leading to the isolation of a new thiazolyl peptide, thiazomycin, a congener of nocathiacins. thiazomycin possesses an oxazolidine ring as part of the amino-sugar moiety in contrast to the dimethyl amino group present in nocathiacin i. th ...	2007	17917238
antibacterial evaluations of thiazomycin- a potent thiazolyl peptide antibiotic from amycolatopsis fastidiosa.	thiazomycin is a novel thiazolyl peptide closely related to nocathiacin i. it was isolated from amycolatopsis fastidiosa by chemical and biological screening. thiazomycin showed highly potent bactericidal activity against gram-positive pathogens (mic range 0.002 approximately 0.064 microg/ml) and did not show cross-resistance to clinically relevant antibiotic classes such as beta-lactams, vancomycin, oxazolidinone and quinolones. it was highly efficacious against staphylococcus aureus infection ...	2007	17917239
optimization of culture conditions and scale-up to pilot and plant scales for vancomycin production by amycolatopsis orientalis.	this report describes the optimization of culture conditions for vancomycin production by amycolatopsis orientalis kccm-10836p, an identified high-vancomycin-producing strain (us11/712,494). among the conditions tested, ph and the dissolved oxygen tension (dot) were key factors affecting vancomycin production. when the ph and dot were controlled at 7.0 and 20-30%, respectively, a dry-cell weight (dcw) of 62.0 g l(-1) and a vancomycin production of 11.5 g l(-1) were obtained after 120 h of batch ...	2007	17938907
enzymatic synthesis of spacer-linked divalent glycosides carrying n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetyllactosamine: analysis of cross-linking activities with wga.	divalent glycosides carrying n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) and n-acetyllactosamine (lacnac) were designed and prepared as glycomimetics. first, hexan-1,6-diyl bis-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside) (glcnac-hx-glcnac) and 3,6-dioxaoct-1,8-diyl bis-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside) (glcnac-doo-glcnac) were enzymatically synthesized by transglycosylation of an n,n'n'',n'''-tetraacetylchitotetraose [(glcnac)(4)] donor with a primary diol acceptor, utilizing a chitinolytic enzy ...	2008	17977857
amycolatopsis regifaucium sp. nov., a novel actinomycete that produces kigamicins.	the taxonomic position of seven soil actinomycetes provisionally assigned to the genus amycolatopsis was established in a polyphasic study. the isolates, which had identical 16s rrna gene sequences, had closest similarity to the type strain of amycolatopsis orientalis. a representative isolate, strain gy080t, had chemotaxonomic properties that were typical of the genus amycolatopsis and could be distinguished from the type strain of a. orientalis using dna-dna relatedness data. all of the isolat ...	2007	17978218
a-102395, a new inhibitor of bacterial translocase i, produced by amycolatopsis sp. sank 60206.	bacterial phospho-n-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase (translocase i: ec 2.7.8.13) is a key enzyme in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and a known target of antibiotics. here we report a new nucleoside inhibitor for translocase i, a-102395, isolated from the culture broth of the strain amycolatopsis sp. sank 60206. a-102395 is a new derivative of capuramycin that has the benzene with a uniquely substituted chain instead of an aminocaprolactam. a-102395 is a potent inhibitor of bacterial transloc ...	2007	18057698
two roads diverged: the structure of hydroxymandelate synthase from amycolatopsis orientalis in complex with 4-hydroxymandelate.	the crystal structure of the hydroxymandelate synthase (hms).co2+.hydroxymandelate (hma) complex determined to a resolution of 2.3 a reveals an overall fold that consists of two similar beta-barrel domains, one of which contains the characteristic his/his/acid metal-coordination motif (facial triad) found in the majority of fe2+-dependent oxygenases. the fold of the alpha-carbon backbone closely resembles that of the evolutionarily related enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (hppd) in its ...	2008	18215022
actinomycete integrative and conjugative pmea-like elements of amycolatopsis and saccharopolyspora decoded.	actinomycete integrative and conjugative elements (aices) are present in diverse genera of the actinomycetes, the most important bacterial producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. comparison of pmea100 of amycolatopsis mediterranei, pmea300 of amycolatopsis methanolica and pse211 of saccharopolyspora erythraea, and other aices, revealed a highly conserved structural organisation, consisting of four functional modules (replication, excision/integration, regulation, and conjugative transfer). ...	2008	18295883
purification and characterization of poly(l-lactic acid)-degrading enzymes from amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis.	polylactide or poly(l-lactic acid) (pla) is a commercially promising material for use as a renewable and biodegradable plastic. three novel pla-degrading enzymes, named plaase i, ii and iii, were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of an effective pla-degrading bacterium, amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis. the molecular masses of these three plaases as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 24.0, 19.5 and 18.0 kda, with the ph optima ...	2008	18355279
oligosaccharide hydrolysis by chitosanase enzymes monitored by real-time electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.	the chitosanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of chitosan oligosaccharides was investigated for the first time by real-time electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms). as chitosan oligosaccharides (glcnn, n=2-6) were hydrolyzed by exochitosanase (exo-beta-glucosaminidase) from amycolatopsis orientalis, the reaction time-courses of substrate, intermediate and products could be monitored simultaneously by direct infusion of the reaction solvent into the mass spectrometer. consequently, the analytic ...	2008	18359118
bioconversion of lovastatin to a novel statin by amycolatopsis sp.	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase catalyzes the conversion of hmg-coa to mevalonic acid, which plays a significant role in cholesterol synthesis. several statins, inhibitors of hmg-coa reductase, can be synthesized and converted by microorganisms. among 700 strains obtained from culture collections, one strain could convert lovastatin to a novel statin, wuxistatin. the strain was identified as a member of the genus amycolatopsis based on 16s rrna gene sequence, morphology ...	2008	18368405
module extension of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase of the glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin produced by amycolatopsis balhimycina.		2008	18399534
a quick and reliable method for monitoring gene expression in actinomycetes.	amycolatopsis balhimycina dsm5908 is the producer of the vancomycin-type glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin. balhimycin production is controlled by transcriptional regulators and depends on different environmental factors. to analyse the regulatory network p(tba), a representative promoter of the balhimycin gene cluster, was fused to the reporter gene egfp and integrated into the genome of a. balhimycina. balhimycin production, fluorescence intensity and the amount of tba-transcript were determi ...	2008	18501986
nucleotide sequence of plasmid pa387 of amycolatopsis benzoatilytica and construction of a conjugative shuttle vector.	the complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pa387 of amycolatopsis benzoatilytica dsm 43387 was determined. sequence analysis revealed that pa387 is 30,157 bp long and has a g+c content of 71.74%. to obtain a minimal transferable replicon capable of self-replication, a 2,176 bp fragment of pa387 was cloned, and we demonstrated that this fragment is sufficient for autonomous replication. the replication region of pa387 exhibited no significant homology to any known replication proteins available ...	2008	18506900
actinomycete integrative and conjugative elements.	this paper reviews current knowledge on actinomycete integrative and conjugative elements (aices). the best characterised aices, psam2 of streptomyces ambofaciens (10.9 kb), slp1 (17.3 kb) of streptomyces coelicolor and pmea300 of amycolatopsis methanolica (13.3 kb), are present as integrative elements in specific trna genes, and are capable of conjugative transfer. these aices have a highly conserved structural organisation, with functional modules for excision/integration, replication, conjuga ...	2008	18523858
isolation and characterization of bama genes, homologues of the gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator-receptor gene in amycolatopsis mediterranei, a rifamycin producer.	four genes (bama1, bama2, bama3 and bama4) encoding homologues of the gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor of streptomyces were found and cloned from amycolatopsis mediterranei, a typical non-streptomyces actinomycetes and a producer of rifamycin, one of the major anti-tuberculosis drugs in clinical treatment. transcriptional analysis demonstrated that bama1 and bama2 are transcribed in a growth-dependent manner, while bama3 and bama4 are constitutively transcribed during growth. binding a ...	2008	18612594
vancomycin production in batch and continuous culture.	production of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin by two amycolatopsis orientalis strains was examined in batch shake flask culture in a semidefined medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. different growth and production profiles were observed with the two strains; specific production (y(p/x)) was threefold higher with strain atcc 19795 than with strain ncimb 12945. a defined medium with amino acids as the nitrogen source was developed by use of the plackett-burman statistical screening m ...	1996	18623596
pargamicin a, a novel cyclic peptide antibiotic from amycolatopsis sp.	a novel cyclic peptide antibiotic, pargamicin a was isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete strain. the producing organism, designated ml1-hf4, was identified as a member of the genus amycolatopsis. pargamicin a was identified as a novel cyclic hexapeptide antibiotic containing piperazic acid by various spectroscopic analyses. pargamicin a showed potent antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains including mrsa and enterococcus faecalis/faecium strains including vre.	2008	18667787
copper bioaccumulation by the actinobacterium amycolatopsis sp. ab0.	amycolatopsis sp. ab0, a copper resistant actinobacterium isolated from polluted sediments, has shown high copper specific biopsortion ability (25 mg g(-1)). two approaches were used to confirm metal accumulation in growing cells of amycolatopsis sp. ab0; we performed subcellular fractioning assays which showed that the retained copper was associated with the extra-cellular fraction (exopolymer, 40%), but mainly within the cells. intracellular distribution of copper was: 86% in the cytosolic fra ...	2008	18702072
the use of gyrb sequence analysis in the phylogeny of the genus amycolatopsis.	partial gyrb sequences (>1 kb) were obtained from 34 type strains of the genus amycolatopsis. phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the effectiveness of using this gene to predict taxonomic relationships within the genus. the use of gyrb sequence analysis as an alternative to dna-dna hybridization was also assessed for distinguishing closely related species. the gyrb based phylogeny mostly confirmed the conventional 16s rrna gene-based phylogeny and thus provides additional support fo ...	2009	18803029
isolation, structure, and antibacterial activity of thiazomycin a, a potent thiazolyl peptide antibiotic from amycolatopsis fastidiosa.	thiazolyl peptides are a class of thiazole-rich macrocyclic potent antibacterial agents. recently, we described thiazomycin, a new member of thiazolyl peptides, discovered by a thiazolyl peptide specific chemical screening. this method also allowed for the discovery of a new thiazolyl peptide, thiazomycin a, which carries modification in the oxazolidine ring of the amino sugar moiety. thiazomycin a is a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis (ic(50) 0.7 microg/ml) and a potent gram-positive ant ...	2008	18804380
the structural basis of substrate recognition in an exo-beta-d-glucosaminidase involved in chitosan hydrolysis.	family 2 of the glycoside hydrolase classification is one of the largest families. structurally characterized members of this family include enzymes with beta-galactosidase activity (escherichia coli lacz), beta-glucuronidase activity (homo sapiens gusb), and beta-mannosidase activity (bacteroides thetaiotaomicron btman2a). here, we describe the structure of a family 2 glycoside hydrolase, csxa, from amycolatopsis orientalis that has exo-beta-d-glucosaminidase (exo-chitosanase) activity. analysi ...	2009	18976664
diversity of culturable actinomycetes in hyper-arid soils of the atacama desert, chile.	the atacama desert presents one of the most extreme environments on earth and we report here the first extensive isolations of actinomycetes from soils at various locations within the desert. the use of selective isolation procedures enabled actinomycetes to be recovered from arid, hyper-arid and even extreme hyper-arid environments in significant numbers and diversity. in some cases actinomycetes were the only culturable bacteria to be isolated under the conditions of this study. phylogenetic a ...	2009	19052913
structure and functional analysis of rifr, the type ii thioesterase from the rifamycin biosynthetic pathway.	two thioesterases are commonly found in natural product biosynthetic clusters, a type i thioesterase that is responsible for removing the final product from the biosynthetic complex and a type ii thioesterase that is believed to perform housekeeping functions such as removing aberrant units from carrier domains. we present the crystal structure and the kinetic analysis of rifr, a type ii thioesterase from the hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthase rifamycin biosynthetic clus ...	2009	19103602
expression of the bacterial hemoglobin gene from vitreoscilla stercoraria increases rifamycin b production in amycolatopsis mediterranei.	it is well known that the culture for rifamycin b production by amycolatopsis mediterranei requires high levels of dissolved oxygen, particularly in industrial processes. in this study, we report the construction of a vector for the expression of the bacterial hemoglobin gene (vhb) from vitreoscilla stercoraria in a rifamycin b-overproducing strain of a. mediterranei. the effect was evaluated in the presence and absence of barbital. the vhb gene was cloned under the control of the perme promoter ...	2008	19111646
engineering enzymes for improved catalytic efficiency: a computational study of site mutagenesis in epothilone-b hydroxylase.	epothilone f, 21-hydroxyl-epothilone b, is an intermediate in the synthesis of bms-310705, an antitumor compound that has been evaluated in phase i clinical trials. a bioconversion process utilizing the gram-positive bacterium amycolatopsis orientalis was used to prepare epothilone f from epothilone b. in order to improve the yield of epothilone f, a mutagenesis program was performed with the goal of engineering the epothilone-b hydroxylase (ebh) enzyme to improve the yield of epothilone f throu ...	2009	19179341
sciscionella marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine actinomycete isolated from a sediment in the northern south china sea.	the taxonomic position of an actinomycete, designated scsio 00231(t), isolated from a sediment sample collected from the northern south china sea, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. the organism formed fragmented substrate hyphae and sparse aerial mycelium on modified isp 2 medium. phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence showed that strain scsio 00231(t) fell into the family pseudonocardiaceae, in which it formed a distinct lineage and was loosely associated with th ...	2009	19196758
actinomycetes scale-up for the production of the antibacterial, nocathiacin.	an amycolatopsis fastidiosa culture, which produces the nocathiacin class of antibacterial compounds, was scaled up to the 15,000 l working volume. lower volume pilot fermentations (600, 900, and 1,500 l scale) were conducted to determine process feasibility at the 15,000 l scale. the effects of inoculum volume, impeller tip speed, volumetric gas flow rate, superficial gas velocity, backpressure, and sterilization heat stress were examined to determine optimal scale-up operating conditions. inoc ...	2009	19205044
molecular characterization and antifungal activity of a family 46 chitosanase from amycolatopsis sp. cso-2.	an actinomycete strain, amycolatopsis sp. cso-2, produces a 27-kda chitosanase. to reveal the molecular characteristics of the enzyme, its corresponding gene ctoa was cloned by a reverse genetic technique, based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. the encoded ctoa protein was deduced to be composed of 286 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide (1-48), and exhibited 83% identity in the amino acid sequence with the family 46 chitosanases from streptomyces sp. n174 or no ...	2009	19236484
amycolatopsis marina sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from an ocean sediment.	a gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain ms392a(t), was isolated from an ocean-sediment sample collected from the south china sea. the isolate contained chemical markers that supported chemotaxonomic assignment to the genus amycolatopsis. on the basis of an analysis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities, strain ms392a(t) represents a novel subclade within the genus amycolatopsis, with amycolatopsis palatopharyngis 1bdz(t) as its closest phylogenetic neighbour (99. ...	2009	19244425
thiazomycins, thiazolyl peptide antibiotics from amycolatopsis fastidiosa.	thiazolyl peptides are a class of highly rigid trimacrocyclic compounds consisting of varying but large numbers of thiazole rings. the need for new antibacterial agents to treat infections caused by resistant bacteria prompted a reinvestigation of this class, leading to the previous isolation of thiazolyl peptides, namely, thiazomycin (5) and thiazomycin a (6), congeners of nocathiacins (1-4). continued chemical screening led to the isolation of six new thiazolyl peptide congeners (8-13), of whi ...	2009	19334707
chapter 16. enzymology of beta-lactam compounds with cephem structure produced by actinomycete.	cephamycins are beta-lactam antibiotics with a cephem structure produced by actinomycetes. they are synthesized by a pathway similar to that of cephalosporin c in filamentous fungi but the actinomycetes pathway contains additional enzymes for the formation of the alpha-aminoadipic acid (aaa) precursor and for the final steps specific to cephemycins. most of the biochemical and genetic studies on cephemycins have been made on cephemycin c biosynthesis in the producer strains streptomyces clavulig ...	2009	19374992
structure and function of the glycopeptide n-methyltransferase mtfa, a tool for the biosynthesis of modified glycopeptide antibiotics.	there is a considerable interest in the modification of existing antibiotics to generate new antimicrobials. glycopeptide antibiotics (gpas) are effective against serious gram-positive bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. however, resistance to these antibiotics is becoming a serious problem requiring new strategies. we show that the amycolatopsis orientalis (s)-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase mtfa, from the vancomycin-class gpa chloroeremo ...	2009	19389626
study of the effects of urban organic residues on the distribution of culturable actinomycetes in a tunisian agricultural soil.	the main objective of this investigation was to identify a collection of actinomycetes isolates and to study the influence of amendment [municipal solid waste compost (mswc) and farmyard manure (fm)] on their distribution in agricultural soil. for this purpose, a phenotypic and molecular characterization of 226 isolates collected from soil (with and without amendment) and 55 isolates from mswc and fm was developed. the phenotypic study showed that the majority of strains isolated belong to the g ...	2009	19423577
amycolatopsis ultiminotia sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil, and emended description of the genus amycolatopsis.	a novel actinomycete, designated strain rp-ac36(t), was isolated from a cliff-associated plant (peucedanum japonicum thunb.) in the republic of korea and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that the organism formed a distinct clade within the radiation of the genus amycolatopsis. the chemotaxonomic properties supported the assignment of the isolate to the genus amycolatopsis. high levels of 16s ...	2009	19502324
amycolatopsis tucumanensis sp. nov., a copper-resistant actinobacterium isolated from polluted sediments.	a novel actinomycete strain, abo(t), isolated from copper-polluted sediments showed remarkable copper resistance as well as high bioaccumulation abilities. classical taxonomic methods, including chemotaxonomy and molecular techniques, were used to characterize the isolate. strain abo(t) developed a honey-yellow substrate mycelium on all isp media tested. abundant, white, aerial mycelium was only formed on isp 2, 5 and 7 and mm agar. both types of hyphae fragmented into squarish rod-shaped elemen ...	2010	19651731
diversities within genotypes, bioactivity and biosynthetic genes of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from three pharmaceutical plants.	one hundred and fifty endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from three pharmaceutical plants, annonaceae squamosal, camptotheca acuminate and taxus chinensis. bioactivity test showed that 72.4% of the endophytic actinomycetes displayed inhibition against more than one indicator microorganism. in total, 9.3 and 10.7% showed the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity, respectively. 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid synthase (ahba), ketosynthase (ks), cytochrome p450 hydroxylases (cyps) and epoxidase ( ...	2009	19657693
amycolatopsis halophila sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake.	a novel halophilic actinomycete, designated strain yim 93223(t), was isolated from a salt lake in xinjiang province, north-west china, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. the isolate grew at 25-45 degrees c, at ph 6-8 and in the presence of 1-15 % (w/v) nacl; no growth was observed in the absence of nacl. strain yim 93223(t) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as cell-wall amino acids, and glucose and galactose as major whole-cell-wall sugars. major fatty ...	2010	19666809
emended description of the genus actinokineospora hasegawa 1988 and transfer of amycolatopsis fastidiosa henssen et al. 1987 as actinokineospora fastidiosa comb. nov.	the species amycolatopsis fastidiosa (ex celmer et al. 1977) henssen et al. 1987 was proposed, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic observations, for a strain originally described as 'pseudonocardia fastidiosa' celmer et al. 1977 in a us patent. in the course of a phylogenetic study of the taxa with validly published names within the suborder pseudonocardineae based on 16s rrna gene sequences, it became apparent that this species was misplaced in the genus amycolatopsis. after careful evalu ...	2010	19671714
[selective isolation and diversity of acidophilic filamentous actinomycetes from acidic soils].	to establish effective methods for selective isolation of acidophilic filamentous actinomycetes from acidic soils, and to investigate their genus and species diversity.	2009	19673405
substrate uptake, phosphorus repression, and effect of seed culture on glycopeptide antibiotic production: process model development and experimental validation.	actinomycetes, the soil borne bacteria which exhibit filamentous growth, are known for their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites including antibiotics. industrial scale production of such antibiotics is typically carried out in a multi-substrate medium where the product formation may experience catabolite repression by one or more of the substrates. availability of reliable process models is a key bottleneck in optimization of such processes. here we present a structured kineti ...	2010	19685512
development of balanced medium composition for improved rifamycin b production by isolated amycolatopsis sp. rsp-3.	to develop optimum fermentation environment for enhanced rifamycin b production by isolated amycolatopsis sp. rsp-3.	2009	19793193
generalized antifungal activity and 454-screening of pseudonocardia and amycolatopsis bacteria in nests of fungus-growing ants.	in many host-microbe mutualisms, hosts use beneficial metabolites supplied by microbial symbionts. fungus-growing (attine) ants are thought to form such a mutualism with pseudonocardia bacteria to derive antibiotics that specifically suppress the coevolving pathogen escovopsis, which infects the ants' fungal gardens and reduces growth. here we test 4 key assumptions of this pseudonocardia-escovopsis coevolution model. culture-dependent and culture-independent (tag-encoded 454-pyrosequencing) sur ...	2009	19805175
influence of cultivation conditions on the production of a thermostable extracellular lipase from amycolatopsis mediterranei dsm 43304.	among several lipase-producing actinomycete strains screened, amycolatopsis mediterranei dsm 43304 was found to produce a thermostable, extracellular lipase. culture conditions and nutrient source modification studies involving carbon sources, nitrogen sources, incubation temperature and medium ph were carried out. lipase activity of 1.37 +/- 0.103 iu/ml of culture medium was obtained in 96 h at 28 degrees c and ph 7.5 using linseed oil and fructose as carbon sources and a combination of phytone ...	2010	19806375
amycolatopsis xylanica sp. nov., isolated from soil.	an actinomycete, designated cpcc 202699(t), was isolated from soil in qinghai province, china, and its taxonomic status was established. strain cpcc 202699(t) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan, arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates, a phospholipid pattern consisting mainly of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, mk-9(h(4)) as the predominant menaquinone and iso-c(16 : 0) (18.8 %), iso-c(15 : ...	2010	19880636
[the structure of antibiotic eremomycin b].	a new biologically active component, antibiotic eremomycin b, was isolated from the culture liquid of amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. eremomycini, the producing strain for antibiotic eremomycin. its structure was established by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. eremomycin b was shown to differ from eremomycin by the presence of an n-carboxymethyl substituent in the disaccharide eremosamine fragment.	2009	19928058