Publications

[transfer of the tetracycline-chloramphenicol plasmid in clostridium perfringens].	two plasmids which confer resistance to tetracycline-chloramphenicol and erythromycine-clindamycine were found in a strain of clostridium perfringens. the plasmid (tet-chl) was shown to be transferable to sensitive strains of c. perfringens. the transfer experiments were made with the wild type strain or strains cured by one plasmid or the other as donor strains.	1975	172257
heterogeneity of enterotoxin-like protein extracted from spores fo clostridium perfringens type a.	enterotoxin-like protein was extracted from spores of three enterotoxin-positive and three enterotoxin-negative strains of clostridium perfringens type a by urea/mercaptoethanol, alkaline mercaptoethanol and alkaline dithiothreitol. disc immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that three distinct enterotoxin-like proteins could be extracted. in 7% acrylamide gels, type i, type ii, and type iii enterotoxinlike proteins had relative mobilities of 0.52, 0.63, and 0.73 respectively. in contrast to disc i ...	1975	172332
elevation of intracellular calcium ion concentration provokes production of 1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidate in human erythrocytes.		1975	172387
naturally occurring autoantibodies against hidden cellular antigens.		1975	172441
histopathological effect of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rabbit ileum.	highly purified enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens was found to have histopathological activity in the rabbit ileum. unlike the action of cholera, escherichia coli, and shigella enterotoxins, epithelium was denuded from the tips of ileal villi at concentrations of the enterotoxin necessary to induce fluid accumulation in the rabbit. whether or not this observed histopathology is essential for the diarrheal syndrome associated with clostridium perfringens food poisoning remains unclear.	1975	172454
scanning isoelectric focusing and isotachophoresis of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1975	172483
competitive inhibition of transformation in group h streptococcus strain challis by heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid.	glucosylated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from phages t4 and t6 competes poorly with homologous dna causing only a slight decrease of transformation in group h streptococcus strain challis. other types of heterologous dnas (micrococcus luteus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, calf thymus and non-glucosylated phage t6 dna), in contrast to glucosylated t4 and t6 dnas, compete with transforming dna to the normal, high extent. these results indicate that as in transformation of bacillus sub ...	1975	172490
[clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (1). distribution of clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy persons and heat-resistance of the isolates].		1975	172564
[clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (2) incidence in commercial foods].		1975	172565
hyperbaric oxygen in anaerobic infection of the medistinum.	in the last decade hyperbaric oxygen has been recognized as an important therapeutic tool in a variety of instances in which either destruction of anaerobic bacteria is urgent or an improvement in the oxygenation level is mandatory. we have used it successfully in a case of mediastinal anaerobic infection (gas gangrene) after medical and surgical measures had failed to eradicate the disease. the causative organism of gas gangrene, clostridium perfringens (welchii), is widely distributed. it may ...	1975	172572
food poisoning signs in mice induced orally by clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1975	172592
oral infection and food poisoning syndrome in mice by enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a.		1975	172593
the partial purification of clostridium perfringens beta toxin.	an attempt was made to purify clostridium perfringens beta toxin. crude toxin prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation of culture supernatants was purified by chromatography on sephadex g50, sephadex g100 and deae cellulose. this material, although highly purified was not homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it had a toxicity of 800 000 mouse mlds/mg n, a typical protein absorption spectrum in the uv region, an iso-electric point of 5, 6 and the main component had a molecular ma ...	1975	172828
bacterial food-poisoning.		1975	173111
phenotypic chain formation in clostridium welchii by suramin.	cl. welchii nctc 6785 was grown in 1% glucose containing medium having 1% suramin w/v. the cells grew into long chains of thirty units. this effect was not found beyond 0.5% concentration. on transfer into suramin free medium the chains reverted to normal morphology indicating the change in morphology to be phenotypic.	1975	173113
[study of the interrelationship between the content of immunizing units and the immunogenicity of c1. perfringens anatoxins].	comparative experiments were conducted on rabbits and guinea pigs; a study was made of the immunological efficacy of the toxoids with a different content of the immunizing units (iu/ml). there was revealed a regular quantitative interrelationship between the content of the iu/ml in the toxoids, the level of the antitoxin formation and the extent of protection against the experimental gas gangrene in the immunized animals.	1975	173119
differential effects of oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential on the multiplication of three species of anaerobic intestinal bacteria.	the sensitivity of three strains of anaerobic intestinal bacteria, clostridium perfringens, bacteroides fragilis, and peptococcus magnus, to the differential effects of oxygen and adverse oxidation-reduction potential was measured. the multiplication of the three organisms was inhibited in the presence of oxygen whether the medium was at a negative oxidation-reduction potential (eh of -50 mv), poised by the intermittent addition of dithiothreitol, or at a positive oxidation-reduction potential ( ...	1975	173238
inhibitor of clostridium perfringens formed by heating sodium nitrite in a chemically defined medium.	an inhibitor of clostridium perfringens formed when low levels of nitrite were autoclaved with a defined chemical medium. a systematic study of the medium revealed that only amino acids and mineral salts were involved in the production of this inhibitor, which was proven to be a toxic compound formed from cysteine, ferrous sulfate, and sodium nitrite. the inhibitor was compared to several known compounds. s-nitrosocysteine inhibited the test organism, but would not form in the test system in amo ...	1975	173239
repair of heat-injured clostridium perfringens spores during outgrowth.	clostridium perfringens strain nctc 8798 spores were injured by ultrahigh temperature treatment and were unable to outgrow in the presence of antibiotics used in selective enumeration media. injured spores underwent repair in a nonselective laboratory medium and in foods.	1975	173240
creatinine metabolism by clostridium welchii isolated from human faeces.	a clostridium welchii has been isolated from human faeces which can deaminate creatinine to n-methyl hydantoin. evidence suggests the reaction is inducible since the rate of conversion is increased by growth of the organism in creatinine-rich media.	1975	173573
fungi and clostridia in hospital air: the effect of air-conditioning.		1975	173701
spin-labeling studies on the lipids of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridia.	spin-labeling studies were conducted to elucidate the viscosity and phase transition temperatures of lipids isolated from psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridia. electron spin resonance spectroscopy indicated that the lipids, for all the growth temperatures tested, were in a fluid state and from 13 to 24 c higher than the corresponding lipid transition temperatures. when the organisms were grown at different temperatures, a psychrotropic and two mesophilic clostridia were shown ...	1976	173705
spore membrane(s) as the site of damage within heated clostridium perfringens spores.	clostridium perfringens spores were injured by ultrahigh-temperature treatment at 105 c for 5 min. injury was manifested as an increased sensitivity to polymyxin and neomycin. since many of the survivors could not germinate normally the ultrahigh-temperature-treated spores were sensitized to and germinated by lysozyme. polymyxin reportedly acts upon the cell membrane. neomycin may inhibit protein synthesis and has surface-active properties. injured spores were increasingly sensitive to known sur ...	1976	173708
synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein during sporulation of clostridium perfringens.	the kinetics of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna), ribonucleic acid (rna), and protein synthesis as well as protein breakdown during sporulation by clostridium perfringens were determined. maximum levels of dna and net rna synthesis occurred 3 and 2 h, respectively, after inoculation of sporulation medium. the rate of rna synthesis decreased as sporulation progressed. deoxyadenosine increased uptake of [14c]uracil and [14c]thymine but depressed the level of sporulation and the formation of heat-resist ...	1976	173709
specificity in enzyme inhibition. 3. synthesis of 5-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-4-imidazolidinones as inhibitors of tyrosine decarboxylase and histidine decarboxylase.	2,2-dimethyl-4-imidazolidinone derivatives of the alpha-amino acids dl-phenylglycine (1), dl-phenylalanine (2), l-tyrosine (3), l-histidine (4), and l-tryptophan (5) were prepared in order to assess their specificity in inhibiting amino acid decarboxylases. treatment of th alpha-aminonitriles with acetone in the presence of base and heat or treatment of the alpha-amino amides with acetone gave the title compounds in 48-85% yield. the compounds afforded moderate ability to inhibit the decarboxyla ...	1976	173851
[anaerobic paraproctitis].		1975	173914
[anaerobic gastroenterotoxemia in lambs].		1975	174271
a comparative appraisal of emphysematous cholecystitis.	there is ample evidence from this retrospective comparison to indicate that emphysematous cholecystitis does merit clinical distinction apart from acute cholecystitis. it is an acute infection of the gallbladder caused by a specific group of bacteria that may be aided by some aspect of local ischemia. cholelithiasis does not seem to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of emphysematous cholecystitis, and this, in association with some dependence upon ischemia, may account for the predominance o ...	1975	174453
[purification and characterization of "clostridium perfringens" bp6k-n5 strain bacteriocin n5 (author's transl)].	the bacteriocin n5 produced by clostridium perfringens, strain bp6k-n5, after uv irradiation induction, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae cellulose and gel filtration on sephadex g100. by polyacrylamid-gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion analysis the purified material was shown to be homogenous. the purified bacteriocin n5 is inactivated by proteolytic enzymes and by heat treatment at 50 degrees c for 15 minutes. it is a simple pr ...	1975	174471
[kinetics of setting up of a human fecal flora in germ free mice and trial of decontamination of antibiotherapy (author's transl)].	we have tried in this study to reproduce in germfree mice a bacterial equilibrium observed previously in the gastrointestinal tract of child "l.n.", reared in a plastic isolator. eight bacterial strains were studied. seven had been fortuitously introduced: acinetobacter lwoffi ln1, staphylococcus epidermidis ln2, clostridium perfringens ln3, plectridium anatum ln4, streptococcus bovis ln5, enterobacter cloacae ln6, corynebacterium sp ln7. the eighth strain was purposely administered to the child ...	1975	174472
an improved method for purifying sialidase.	an adsorbent specific for sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18) was prepared by coupling a glycoprotein containing glycosidically linked sialic acid to sepharose. this adsorbent does not display the non-specific adsorption that occurs in previously reported methods.	1975	174552
penetration of phospholipases a2 and c into the squid (loligo pealii) giant axon.	following 1 h exposure, the level of phospholipase a2 penetration into the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was 107 to 350% of that in the external media; corresponding values for phospholipase c were 18 to 31%. phospholipases can therefore be used to study phospholipid function in axons since they can penetrate through connective tissue and schwann cell to reach the axolemma.	1975	174931
[effect of hypo- and hyperthermia on the onset and course of an experimental food toxinfection caused by cl. perfringens type a].		1975	174973
[culture media and conditions for production of entrotoxin by clostridium perfringens].		1975	175182
[synergism between non-exotoxin-producing stocks of clostridium perfringens (ii)].		1975	175183
[experimental diarrhea in dogs and monkeys caused by clostridium welchii].		1975	175186
[activities of anaerobes of the human intestines with special reference to clostridium perfringens].		1975	175187
[dna homology and pathogenicity].		1975	175188
[resistance against heavy metals of clostridium perfringens collected at the south pole].		1975	175189
clostridia in soil of the antarctica.	from the soil in the area around the syowa station, the east ongul island, the antarctica, a total of 193 strains of clostridia were isolated and identified. it was surprising that the soil samples taken from the places which were considered to be scarcely contaminated by human beings and animals contained many clostridia. one hundred and fifty-five strains were assigned to 11 species, including c. perfringens, c. bifermentans, c. sordellii, c. sporogenes, c. plagarum, c. paraperfringens, c. sep ...	1975	175201
[effect of direct sunbeams on spores of clostridium botulinum and clostridium perfringens of the types a].		1975	175248
[antibacterial properties of the new unwoven band material biocell-nfa].		1975	175250
the use of suckling mice in assaying clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1975	175423
enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a in selected humans. ii. a cohort study.		1975	175424
[susceptibility of cell cultures and laboratory animals to anaerobe toxins].		1975	175544
subunit structure of human erythrocyte glycophorin a.	glycophorin a is a sialoglycoprotein isolated from human erythrocyte membranes which seems to exist as stable dimeric complexes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. when analyzed by dodecyl sulfate acrylamide electrophoresis this molecule forms two pas-stainable bands (pas-u and pas-2) which are reversibly interconvertible. this change in electrophoretic mobility is dependent on the concentration of dodecyl sulfate, the use of trisbuffer systems, the protein concentration in the incubation ...	1976	175830
pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.	pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci) is an uncommon disease of previously unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of gas-filled cysts in the walls of some portion of the gastrointestinal tract. this investigation showed that pci was readily produced in the germfree rat by inoculating its peritoneal cavity with a pure culture of either c. perfringens or c. tertium. similar inoculation of the germfree animal with any one of eight other clostridia species did not result in the formation ...	1976	176016
use of horseradish peroxidase to study the antagonism of clostridium welchii (cl. perfringens) type d epsilon toxin in mice by the formalinized epsilon prototoxin.		1976	176185
lysis of tumor cells by antibody and complement. vi. enhanced killing of enzyme-pretreated tumor cells.	the ascites form of a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma, line-10, was resistant to killing in vitro by xenogeneic antibody and guinea pig complement. pretreatment of line-10 cells with certain proteolytic enzymes rendered tham susceptible to the killing action of antibody and guinea pig complement. the effects of enzyme pretreatment were dependent on enzyme concentration, temperature, and could be blocked by addition of competitive or non-competitive inhibitors. the effect of the enzyme tre ...	1976	176270
antibacterial activity of oxidized regenerated cellulose.	it has been demonstrated that oxidized regenerated cellulose promptly and markedly reduces the bacterial census of ten different strains of common pathogens when exposed to them in vitro. this was not true of two other hemostatic agents tested, namely, absorbable gelatin sponge and topical thrombin. wounds in guinea pigs in which oxidized regenerated cellulose was placed and infected with one of three pathogens had healing per primum in 39 of 40 instances. in similar control wounds and incisions ...	1976	176740
initial studies on "six months disease" in sheep.	enterotoxaemia in sheep due to clostridium welchii type d was indicated by field and laboratory investigations in nepal. morphological, cultural, biochemical, biological and toxin-producing characteristics observed were used to type the isolates. in anaerobic meat medium, all isolates produced pinkish discoloration of meat. all the strains fermented lactose, maltose, dextrose and sucrose whereas, salicine was fermented only by 17 strains. all but five strains were mr negative. out of 200 isolate ...	1976	176766
[immunogenic properties of cl. perfringens anatoxins obtained from purified toxins].		1975	176848
[method of determinating the protective capacity of c1. perfringens toxoid].	the authors describe a model of experimental gas gangrene in guinea pigs; it was produced by the administration of the vegetative form of c. perfringens; the cells were completely washed of the lethal toxin and no toxic or necrotizing agents were added. a possibility of development of gangrenous process without any preliminary depression of the resistance of body tissues in the area of injection of the causative agent was revealed. apart from the local process and general intoxication gas gangre ...	1975	176851
phosphopyridoxal complexes with histamine and histidine. (4) the kinetics of complex formation between histidine and pyridoxal 5' -phosphate in the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase.	the dynamics of the complex formation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) and histidine in the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase was examined. since plp is able to form a cyclic product with histidine and histamine, the possibility of complex formation between plp and histamine formed during a decarboxylation reaction was examined too. it was found that the cyclization reaction between plp and histidine is equimolecular and the rate of cyclic product formation is not significantly i ...	1975	176880
case report. clostridium perfringens septicemia with detection of phospholipase c activity in the serum.	clostridium perfringens septicemia with massive hemolysis is described in an elderly woman with refractory anemia. this case is highly unusual in that (1) the diagnosis was made during life by discovery of the organisms on a routine peripheral blood film, and that (2) phospholipase c activity was detected in the serum.	1976	176888
inhibition of clostridium perfringens by an antibiotic substance produced by bacillus licheniformis in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice: effect on other bacteria from the digestive tract.	a strain of bacillus licheniformis, established in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice, inhibited the subsequent establishment of a clostridium perfringens strain ingested by the animals. this inhibitory effect depended on the in vivo production by b. licheniformis of an antibiotic substance having a number of the characteristics of bacitracin. if c. perfringens was the first to become established in the digestive tract of the gnotobiotic mice, b. licheniformis also became established but di ...	1976	176929
human fibrinogen and asialo-fibrinogen: a comparison of coagulation parameters.		1976	176955
[the mode of action of bacteriocin n5 purified from clostridium perfringens].	the purified bacteriocin n5 produced by clostridium perfringens bp6k inhibited simultaneously the syntheses of dna, rna and protein in sensitive cells, without dna degradation. bacteriocin n5 inhibited the accumulation of leucin and caused the exit of the previously accumulated amino acid. the effects of bacteriocin n5 are very similar to those observed for colicins e1, k, a and i.	1975	177225
evidence for a one-hit theory in the immune bactericidal reaction and demonstration of a multi-hit response for hemolysis by streptolysin o and clostridium perfringens theta-toxin.	an analytical method was developed for estimating the number of hits necessary to lyse or kill cells in which various concentrations of the cells are treated with a constant amount of the lytic or killing agent in a constant reaction volume. the reaction may be due to a single-component agent or occur by a sequential chain of reactions due to a multi-component agent, even including side, abortive, or counter-reactions. it was clearly shown by this method that immune bactericidal reactions follow ...	1976	177364
pregnancy interrupting effects of some bacterial toxins.	embryotoxic properties of shigella dysenteriae and clostridium perfringens toxins, of e. coli endotoxin, v. cholerase and e. coli enterotoxins were compared in mice. e. coli endotoxin has embryotoxic effects at all stages of pregnancy. e. coli enterotoxin v. cholerae enterotoxin and shigella dysenteriae toxin are most effective mainly at earlier stages of pregnancy. clostridium perfringens toxin has no embryotoxic effect.	1976	178014
the effect of enterotoxin of clostridium welchii (perfringens) type a on fowls.	lethal doses of enterotoxin of clostridium welchii (perfringens) type a injected intravenously into young fowls caused immediate lassitude, with partial recovery, followed by death seven to 35 h after inoculation. lesions found were ascites, hydropericardium, oedema of the muscles, hepatic congestion, urate deposits on the peritoneum and the pericardium, and intestinal hyperaemia. sublethal doses produced no clinical signs or lesion. the ld50 of this enterotoxin was 74-84 mug/kg of body weight.	1976	178036
[principle and new media for sporulation of clostridium perfringens. preliminary results with an attenuated mutant].		1975	178082
aerobic and anaerobic flora in bladder urine of patients with indwelling urethral catheters.	twenty-five bladder urine specimens from 13 patients with long-standing indwelling catheters were obtained by percutaneous suprapubic needle aspiration to avoid contamination by extraneous flora and cultured aerobically and anaerobically. twenty different species of organism were isolated from twenty-four positive specimens. the isolates were predominantly gram-negative aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacilli, with occasional gram-positive aerobic cocci and yeasts. one patient had clostridium ...	1976	178084
[studies on intra- and interspecies relationships of bacterial hemolysins. 1. identification of marked and masking toxin relationships of cl. perfringens. efficiency of the serum-unmasking test for the diagnosis of the classical c-subtype].		1975	178124
[sensitivity of pathogenic clostridia to antibiotics].	by the sensitivity levels of the gas infection causative agents, i. e. pathogenic clostridia to antibiotics, the latter were conditionally divided into 4 groups. the 1st group included the most active antibiotics, such as tetracyclines,, penicillins, cephalosporins, rifampicin, 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin. their minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations did not usually exceed 2 gamma/ml. for most of the strains the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations amounted to the tenth and hund ...	1975	178272
metronidazole bioassay.	urine from patients receiving metronidazole [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitromidazole] orally or per vagina were subjected to paper chromatographic fractionation and examined for anticlostridial activity. unmodified metronidazole and several metabolites were detected. these findings indicate that the clostridial bioassay may be limited in its applicability to the study of the pharmacodynamics of metronidazole as it does not differentiate between the parent substance and some of its metabolite ...	1976	178274
effect of delayed evisceration on the microbial quality of meat.	the postomortem invasion of muscle and other tissues by bacteria from the intestinal tract was studied with the use of radioactive tracers. the injection of 14c-labeled bacteria or spores into the intestines of guinea pig carcasses within 24 h of death resulted in the rapid spread of 14c throughout carcasses. when live bacteria were injected along with the labeled cells, it was not possible to isolate viable organisms from the body tissues if the living animal had been exposed to the bacteria. i ...	1976	178276
inhibition by zinc of hemolysis induced by bacterial and other cytolytic agents.	zinc, cupric, and cadmium ions, in that order of effectiveness, inhibited lysis of washed, rabbit erythrocytes by the toxic bacterial product aerolysin. hemolysis induced by a variety of other lytic agents was also inhibited by zn2+ in approximately the same concentration as that, 0.33 mm, needed to inhibit aerolysin-induced hemolysis. zinc ions did not inhibit osmotic lysis. inhibition requires the continues presence of zn2+ and apparently involves a readily reversible binding of zn2+ to the ce ...	1976	178604
collaborative study of an improved method for the enumeration and confirmation of clostridium perfringens in foods.	a collaborative study was conducted in 10 laboratories to evaluate the performance of a new method for the enumeration of vegetative cells of clostridium perfringens in foods. results obtained by the new method were compared with results from the official first action method, 46.049-46.053. per cent recoveries of 4 c. perfringens strains from inoculated roast beef samples were higher and more consistent in tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine (tsc) agar with or without added egg yolk than in sulfite-pol ...	1976	178636
[symptomatology of diseases caused by c1. perfringens].		1976	178949
[letter: acute non-lithiasic welchia perfringens cholecystitis. an unusual cause of pneumoperitoneum].		1976	179057
bacillus cereus food poisoning.		1976	179147
[about the influence of beta-toxin of clostridium perfringens (type c) on the motorics of intestine segments (in vitro). i. communication].	the beta-toxin of clostridium perfringens (type c) was introduced intra lumen to jejunum and ileum segments of rabbits, then examined by pharmacologic method (in vitro). the beta-toxin showed a paralysing activity on the motorics of the intestine which fact may be in relation to the paralysing activity of this toxin in dysenteria in piglets.	1976	179254
[study of c1. perfringens resistance to lincomycin].	a possibility of developing resistant forms of c1. perfringens during treatment of experimental anaerobic (gaseous) infection with lincomycin was studied. it was shown that treatment of the animals for 7 days resulted in an increase in the resistance by 33-41 times. it was noted that strains with decreased sensitivity to lincomycins had changed morphology and biochemical activity (decreased lecitinase activity, changed biochemical properties), decreased virulence and pathogenicity for animals. s ...	1976	179463
[bacteriological studies on alimentary egg paste. hygienic and sanitary aspects of the problem].		1975	179481
temperate phages of clostridium perfringens type c1.	four phages isolated from carrier strains of clostridium perfringens type c belong to two classes. the three phages of class i, c1, c3, and c4, and homoimmune and serologically closely related. the phage of class ii, c5, is heteroimmune to the class i phages and not related to them serologically. transduction experiments with several of the phages were negative. mutants of the indicator strain with surface alterations occurred spontaneously in stock cultures. electron micrographs show the phages ...	1976	179685
action of clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on gangliosides gm1 and gm2 above and below the critical micelle concentration of substrate.		1976	179891
letter: cephaloridine penetration of bone.		1976	179971
clostridium perfringens exotoxins. iv. inhibition of the theta-toxin induced hemolysis by steroids and related compounds.	1. the inhibitory powers of thirty two samples of steroids and their related compounds on the theta-toxin induced hemolysis were assayed. apparent i50 value of cholesterol, the most potent inhibitor amoung them, was 0.022 mum. 2. inhibitory powers of sterol acetates were not more than one tenth of those of the corresponding sterol, and steroids without 3-hydroxyl group hardly inhibited the hemolysis. these results suggest that 3-hydroxyl group of sterols plays an important role in the inhibition ...	1976	180313
evolution of the digestive microflora in a unit of specified-pathogen-free mice: efficiency of the barrier.	rhoico strain], barrier-maintained since 1970, is described. some "contaminants" appeared spontaneously during the period 1971-1973, but microorganisms belonging to the genera lactobacillus streptococcus, enterobacteria, escherichia and bacillus remained stable. the methods of investigation used were not suitable for the assessment of strictly anaerobic strains. the stability of the digestive microflora durine the last 2 years of this study is believed to be related to the skill and conscientiou ...	1976	180327
[hygienic evaluation of the finding of the causative agents of food poisoning in food products].		1975	180687
[effect of antibiotics on the resistance of white mice to c1. perfringens toxin].	the effect of potassium benzylpenicillin, streptomycin sulfate and chlortetracycline on experimental gangrenous intoxication was studied. when the antibiotics were injected before intoxication, the albino mice resistance did not significantly change. when the antibiotics were injected immediately after the toxin administration, the resistance of the test animals markedly decreased.	1975	180880
rapid microbiological assay for chloramphenicol and tetracyclines.	an agar diffusion assay for chloramphenicol and tetracyclines is described, using inhibition of hemolysis by clostridium perfringens as a biological indicator of antimicrobial activity. well-defined zones formed after a 1.5- to 2-h incubation in an anaerobic chamber or after 3 h using a gaspak system. serum levels of chloramphenicol as low as 2.0 mug/ml could be reproducibly determined with this method. concurrent presence of gentamicin did not influence the assay. levels of penicillin g were al ...	1976	180881
growth of clostridium tertium and clostridium septicum in chemically defined media.	defined media for the growth of clostridium tertium and clostridium septicum are described. the requirements for growth of these two species are compared with each other and with those of clostridium perfringens.	1976	180884
influence of starch source on sporulation and enterotoxin production by clostridium perfringens type a.	of 16 different starch preparations tested, clostridium perfringes nctc 8798 yielded maximum sporulation and enterotoxin formation when icn-soluble starch was included in duncan and strong sporulation medium. in general soluble starches were better than potato, corn, or arrowroot starch with regard to these two parameters.	1976	180885
bacteriological quality and shelf life of ground beef.	the bacteriological quality of unfrozen raw ground beef was evaluated after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days of storage at 29 +/- 1 f (-1.7 +/- 0.6 c). at the time of fabrication, all of the ground beef samples contained 10(6) or fewer total aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria/g; 81% contained 100 or fewer coliforms/g; 94% contained 100 or fewer escherichia coli/g; and all of the samples contained 100 or fewer coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens/g. total aerobic a ...	1976	180886
isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial species from ornamental aquarium plants.	ornamental aquarium plants were demonstrated to carry as many as 10(8) viable mesophilic bacteria per g. gram-negative organisms predominated among the 19 genera of bacteria identified. pseudomonas aeruginosa was readily isolated from 53% of the samples tested.	1976	180888
evaluation of "instant" preparation of the colon with povidone-iodine.	the antimicrobial effect of 20 minutes exposure to 10% povidone-iodine solution and to 5% neomycin-erythromycin solution was evaluated in vitro in 6 suspensions of dog feces. povidone-iodine eliminated aerobic growth (p less than 0.001) and reduced anaerobes 4.01 +/- 1.06 (p less than 0.02); c. perfringens was the only anaerobic organism grown. forty unprepared dogs underwent resection of the sigmoid colon and primary anastomosis. twenty received normal saline and 20 povidone-iodine injected int ...	1976	180916
gas gangrene: review of 34 cases.	high morbidity and mortality continue to result from gas gangrene, despite the use of aggressive modes of therapy. between 1967 and 1973, 34 patients with gas gangrene were seen at the university of maryland hospital; 11 (32.3%) died. clostridium perfringens was recovered from the wounds in 79% of the cases and from the blood in 15%. eighty-five percent of the wounds contained one or more organisms in addition to c perfringens, with as many as seven organisms recovered from some wounds. twenty-n ...	1976	180918
immunological and biochemical studies of meningococcal c polysaccharides isolated by diethylaminoethyl chromatography.	meningococcal c polysaccharides isolated from the broth supernatant of c1+ and c1- strains by a combination of sepharose 4b and diethylaminoethyl-52 chromatography are antigenically identical to the group c antigen isolated by the cetavlon procedure. immunizations result in the induction of precipitating, hemagglutinating, and bactericidal antibodies in rabbits and sheep and hemagglutinating and bactericidal antibodies in rabbits and sheep and hemagglutinating and bactericidal antibodies in gerb ...	1976	181322
studies of lesions produced in the brains of colostrum deprived lambs by clostridium welchii (cl. perfringens) type d toxin.		1976	181408
[study of the toxigenic properties of a mixture of the s- and r-forms of clostridium perfringens 28 (bp6k)].		1976	181662
studies on the relationship between intestinal flora and cecal coccidiosis in chicken.	the bacteriological and histopathological changes in the ceca of young chickens after being infected with sporulated oocysts of eimeria tenella were investigated. lactobacilli and bifidobacteria showed remarkable decrease in number on the 5th day after infection, when shizont and gametocyate came to appear, and destruction of mucosa along with severe haemorrhaging was noticed. other predominant bacteria like bacteroidaceae, catenabacteria and peptostreptococci showed only moderate and temporal d ...	1976	181739
bacteria in hip surgery. a study of routine aerobic and anaerobic cultivation from skin and closed suction wound drains.	one hundred and seven patients with closed suction wound drains after hip surgery were investigated with regard to bacteria in the drain. in one-third of the cases bacterial contamination of the wound was found. in more than half the total number of cases the bacteria in the wound were not identical with those found on the skin, either pre- or post-operatively. anaerobe bacteria occurred only in one case. penicillin administration considerably reduced the frequency of positive cultures. these fi ...	1976	181944
meningitis due to combined infections. association of haemophilus influenzae type b and clostridium perfringens.	haemophilus influenzae type b and clostridium perfringens were recovered simultaneously from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with purulent meningitis. no antecedent history of head trauma was present to explain the coexistence of the anaerobe with haemophilus organisms. a review of the literature on mixed meningitis indicates that no previous cases of anaerobes have been reported in uncomplicated meningitis due to multiple organisms. in addition, the recovery of clostridia is extremely unus ...	1976	181982
[effect of the physiological activity of clostridium cells on their sensitivity to antibiotics].	actively multiplicating cells of c1. perfringens proved to be more sensitive to 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin and rifampicin than the cells in the phase of the population dying. the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics on clostridia vegetating at a temperature range within 37--4degrees was studied. determination of the content of higher fatty acids in the cultivation medium with the method of gas chromatography showed that the metabolic processes in the bacterial cells went on at a temperature of ...	1976	182071
purification and characterization of n-acetylneuraminate lyase from clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens cells were cultivated on a large scale using an automatic system. 2) n-acetylneuraminate lyase, which is a cytosolic enzyme, was liberated from the bacteria by cell lysis using lysozyme in hypotonic solution. the enzyme was purified 770-fold by precepitation with ammonium sulfate, filtration on sephadex a-50 and final preparative electrophoresis in a 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. yield: 12 mg from 1 kg wet cell paste; specific activity: 167 nkat/mg protein. 3) the enzyme prepa ...	1976	182637
neuraminidase-releasable surface sialic acid of cultured astroblasts exposed to ethanol.		1976	182921
clostridium perfringens exotoxins. iii. binding of theta-toxin to erythrocyte membrane.	when clostridium perfringens theta-toxin was incubated with sheep erythrocytes the toxin activity disappeared before lysis, the fact of which suggests fixation of the toxin to erythrocyte membranes. 2. theta-toxin lost its activity by binding to cell membranes, and the membrane constituted inhibitor of theta-hemolysis was neither a protein, a carbohydrate nor a phosphatide, but was cholesterol. from these results this report proposes that the theta-toxin binding site of erythrocytes should be ch ...	1975	183032
[necrotizing enteritis and geophagia].	two cases of intestinal perforation due to necrotising enteritis in patients with pica are presented. the aetiopathogenesis of pica is discussed as well as its role in the development of necrotising enteritis.	1976	183183