Publications

[distribution of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in river water with different degrees of bacterial contamination].		1984	6519506
molecular parasitism in the escherichia coli-bdellovibrio bacteriovorus system: translocation of the matrix protein from the host to the parasite outer membrane.	during the intracellular maturation in escherichia coli of the parasite bdellovibrio bacteriovorus the outer membrane, major protein i of e. coli (i.e., the matrix protein) becomes associated with the outer membrane of the emerging parasite cells. the binding properties of this protein with the outer membrane of the host and of the parasite are identical. an analogous phenomenon also occurs during bdellovibrio parasitism on klebsiella pneumoniae and on salmonella typhimurium. possible roles for ...	1982	6765198
[method of determining the pteridine sensitivity of parasitic bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio].	the method of determination of parasitic bacteria bdellovibrio sensitivity to pteridine has been described. the method suggested can be used in research work for diagnostics of bdellovibrio genus bacteria.	1983	6882836
[factors affecting the participation of bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio in the self-purification processes in the syr darya river].	the effect of season, temperature and abundance of microflora on the interrelations between bdellovibrions and host-bacteria in the syr daryo river compared with the oka has been studied. these factors and composition of allochthonic gram-negative bacteria in the river influence on the abundance of bdellovibrio and extent its participation in the self-purification of basins.	1983	6882839
[dissemination of bdellovibrio acteriovorus in animals and their interaction with the agents of acute intestinal infections].	cows, horses, pigs and ducks have been found to contain bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in their intestine and to constantly excrete them with feces into the environment. these microorganisms have not been detected in the feces of man, white mice, frogs and fish. bdellovibrio, if introduced together with shigella or after them, prevent the development of keratoconjunctivitis in some of the rabbits. no manifestations of the lytic activity of bdellovibrio in relation to salmonella and vibrio cholerae h ...	1980	6998228
[participation of bdellovibrios in sewage self-purification processes].	the participation of bacterial parasites belonging to the genus bdellovibrio in the processes of sewage self-purification was studied in refineries of pushchino. the lytic activity of bdellovibrio resulting in a decrease of the number of heterotrophic gram-negative bacteria and e. coli in sewage was found to depend on the temperature factor influencing the intensity of interaction between the parasite and the host bacterium. the maximal p/h (parasite/host) index was found at the water temperatur ...	1981	7012553
protein composition of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and escherichia coli membranes during their interaction.	a comparative study of membrane proteins of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and host-bacteria escherichia coli was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. infection of e. coli cells by bdellovibrions resulted in the loss of some high-molecular proteins and appearance of new ones in the host-bacteria membranes. the possible role of parasite proteases in degradation of host-bacteria membrane proteins is discussed.	1981	7013349
incorporation of substrate cell lipid a components into the lipopolysaccharide of intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the composition of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus lipopolysaccharide (lps) was determined for cells grown axenically and intraperiplasmically on escherichia coli or pseudomonas putida. the lps of axenically grown bdellovibrios contained glucose and fucosamine as the only detectable neutral sugar and amino sugar, and nonadecenoic acid (19:1) as the predominant fatty acid. additional fatty acids, heptose, ketodeoxyoctoic acid, and phosphate were also detected. lps from bdellovibrios grown intraperipla ...	1981	7024249
partial characterization of lipid a of intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the lipid a components of substrate cell origin incorporated by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during intraperiplasmic growth (d. r. nelson and s. c. rittenberg, j. bacteriol. 147:860-868, 1981) were shown to be integrated into its lipopolysaccharide structure. lipid a isolated from bdellovibrios grown on escherichia coli was resolved into two fractions by thin-layer chromatography. fraction 2 had the same rf as the single lipid a fraction of axenicaly grown bdellovibrios, and both stained identical ...	1981	7024250
[theoretical model of the predator-prey interaction kinetics between "bdellovibrio bacteriovorus" and "escherichia coli" (author's transl)].	a theoretical model is suggested in order to explain the main features of the interaction kinetics between the micropredator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and its prey escherichia coli. three parametes are used in this model: the incubation time t, the fixation rate constant k, and the predator multiplication factor a. their values can be determined from the experimental variations of the total predator concentration p, and the total density of preys (c + c'). an experimental study of the predation ...	1981	7036823
seasonal distribution of bdellovibrios at the mouth of the patuxent river in the chesapeake bay.	water samples taken at monthly intervals from three sites in the mouth of the patuxent river in the chesapeake bay were cultured for bdellovibrios lytic to vibrio parahaemolyticus and for total viable bacterial counts. the number of bdellovibrios recovered decreased from the spring months (april, may, june (amj) until very few were detected during the winter months (january, february, march (jfm), which also coincided with the lowest water temperatures. during the amj season there was a signific ...	1982	7066762
lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against bacteria of the family legionellaceae.	a lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains 6-5-s and 12 was found to be present, against representatives of three legionella species: legionella pneumophila-strains knoxville 1 (serogroup 1), togus 1 (serogroup 2), bloomington 2 (serogroup 3) and los angeles 1 (serogroup 4); legionella micdadei-strain tatlock; legionella bozemanii-strain wiga, as well as against strains of legionella pneumophila isolated in bulgaria-draginovo 1, 2, 3-belonging to serogroup 1. it is suggested that b. ...	1982	7124158
[importance of detecting bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in the reservoir water].		1981	7239234
[comparative characteristics of the bdellovibrio strains isolated from river water and sewage].	the morphology, the host ranges, the resistance to pteridine and the nucleotide composition of dna were compared in 12 newly isolated and 10 collection strains of bdellovibrio. the significance of properties used for the taxonomy of these organisms was evaluated. the host ranges of bdellovibrio strains are heterogeneous with respect to the taxonomy of host bacteria. the specificity of the parasite depends to a significant degree on the host bacterium in which it grows. all the strains including ...	1981	7242394
[comparative study of the membrane protein composition of bacteria in the genus bdellovibrio].	the protein composition of membranes was studied in 17 bdellovibrio strains by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. no similarity in the protein composition of membranes was found in the strains grown on cells of one and the same host. a dendrogram constructed basing on the similarity coefficients between the strains allowed to subdivide them into 3 groups according to the protein composition of their membranes. this correlated with the other phenotypi ...	1981	7329359
[new genus of bacteria, vampirovibrio, parasitizing chlorella and previously assigned to the genus bdellovibrio].		1980	7392987
incidence of marine bdellovibrios lytic against vibrio parahaemolyticus in chesapeake bay.	the incidence of marine bdellovibrios at selected sampling sites in the chesapeake bay during the months of june 1978 and 1979 was studied. bdellovibrios were isolated from eight of nine sampling stations in the bay. higher numbers than previously reported with sea or ocean water were recovered in the midregion of the bay.	1980	7447445
translocation of an outer membrane protein into prey cytoplasmic membranes by bdellovibrios.	within minutes of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus attack on prey cells, such as escherichia coli, the cytoplasmic membrane of the prey is altered. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified invaded prey cell (bdelloplast) membranes revealed the appearance of a noncytoplasmic membrane protein. this protein is not observed in preparations of noninvaded e. coli membranes and migrates in a manner similar to that of e. coli ompf. isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel elec ...	1994	8106336
protein uptake into e. coli during bdellovibrio infection. a process of reverse secretion?	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a small bacterial parasite that infects other gram-negative bacteria, resides in the periplasm of the host cell, and utilizes host macromolecules as a source of nutrients. evidence is summarized suggesting that b. bacteriovorus secretes proteases and nucleases synthesized in its own cytoplasm that are targeted to the cytoplasm of the host cell. possible mechanisms for this trans-trimembrane protein transport process are discussed.	1994	8276104
heat shock-induced axenic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the bdellovibrios are obligately predatory bacteria that attack other gram-negative bacteria. they grow only in the periplasmic space of prey unless they mutate to forms that can grow axenically. a culture medium that promoted enhanced growth of prey-independent bdellovibrios was developed. the ability of this medium to support the growth of prey-dependent bdellovibrios was tested under transcription-altering conditions. this approach tested the hypothesis that the inability to grow prey-depende ...	1993	8458859
a comparison of the survival of intraperiplasmic and attack phase bdellovibrios with reduced oxygen	the ability of intraperiplasmic and attack phase bdellovibrios to survive and/or grow under anoxic and microaerobic conditions was examined. both halotolerant and nonhalotolerant bdellovibrio strains were examined. in all instances, the bdellovibrio strains were unable to grow under anoxic conditions, but were able to survive for periods of time in both the extracellular and intraperiplasmic forms. however, the intraperiplasmic organisms were observed to survive longer. increased temperature has ...	1996	8661540
bacterial capsules: no barrier against bdellovibrio.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j attached to both capsulated and non-capsulated escherichia coli k29 cells. electron microscopy revealed penetration of the thick polysaccharide capsule without any major disintegration of the neighbouring capsular matrix. the capsule remained intact during bdelloplast formation and lysis was unaffected by capsulation of the prey cell. this study shows that, in contrast to its effect on bacteriophage penetration and its protective activities against immune defence ...	1997	9084160
functions of s-layers.	although s-layers are being increasingly identified on bacteria and archaea, it is enigmatic that in most cases s-layer function continues to elude us. in a few instances, s-layers have been shown to be virulence factors on pathogens (e.g. campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and aeromonas salmonicida), protective against bdellovibrio, a depository for surface-exposed enzymes (e.g. bacillus stearothermophilus), shape-determining agents (e.g. thermoproteus tenax) and nucleation factors for fine-grain m ...	1997	9276929
developmentally regulated protein synthesis during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j is an obligate intraperiplasmic predator of other gram-negative bacteria. collision with a suitable prey cell initiates a developmental sequence ultimately resulting in the destruction of the prey cell and the production of progeny bdellovibrios. two-dimensional gel analysis of patterns of protein synthesis at various times in a synchronously growing culture of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j revealed over 30 polypeptides whose syntheses are developmentally regula ...	1998	9522449
high bacterial diversity in permanently cold marine sediments.	a 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) clone library from permanently cold marine sediments was established. screening 353 clones by dot blot hybridization with group-specific oligonucleotide probes suggested a predominance of sequences related to bacteria of the sulfur cycle (43.4% potential sulfate reducers). within this fraction, the major cluster (19.0%) was affiliated with desulfotalea sp. and other closely related psychrophilic sulfate reducers isolated from the same habitat. the cloned sequences show ...	1999	10473405
design and uses of bdellovibrio 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotides.	an 18-mer oligonucleotide almost exclusively targeting bdellovibrio spp. was designed based on available 16s rrna sequence data. the specificity of this oligonucleotide used as a pcr primer in combination with a bacteria domain-targeted primer as well as used as a probe in rrna dot blot hybridizations was experimentally confirmed using a variety of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-proteobacteria and gram-positive bacteria. similarly, combinations of the bacteria primer with oligonucleotides targetin ...	2000	10713432
a proposal for the reclassification of bdellovibrio stolpii and bdellovibrio starrii into a new genus, bacteriovorax gen. nov. as bacteriovorax stolpii comb. nov. and bacteriovorax starrii comb. nov., respectively.	bdellovibrios are unique bacteria with the ability to prey upon a wide variety of susceptible gram-negative bacteria. micro-organisms exhibiting this trait have been included in the genus bdellovibrio despite their isolation from diverse habitats and relatively unstudied taxonomic relatedness. in this study, 16s rdna sequences were compared from known terrestrial bdellovibrio species, bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 100t, bdellovibrio stolpii uki2t and bdellovibrio starrii a3.12t in order to study th ...	2000	10826807
prey range characterization, ribotyping, and diversity of soil and rhizosphere bdellovibrio spp. isolated on phytopathogenic bacteria.	thirty new bdellovibrio strains were isolated from an agricultural soil and from the rhizosphere of plants grown in that soil. using a combined molecular and culture-based approach, we found that the soil bdellovibrios included subpopulations of organisms that differed from rhizosphere bdellovibrios. thirteen soil and seven common bean rhizosphere bdellovibrio strains were isolated when pseudomonas corrugata was used as prey; seven and two soil strains were isolated when erwinia carotovora subsp ...	2000	10831412
predation in the presence of decoys: an inhibitory factor on pathogen control by bacteriophages or bdellovibrios in dense and diverse ecosystems.	several attempts have been made at the removal of specific pathogens from the intestinal microflora using either bacteriophages or "predatory" bacteria such as bdellovibrio spp. to date these attempts have had mixed success. a mechanism explaining these findings based on competitive hindrance by non-prey, or decoy species is put forward. it is shown that this hindrance tends to damp out predator-prey oscillations, and therefore reduces the probability of prey extinction. possible experiments to ...	2001	11162050
[evaluation of the effect of ecologically hazardous pollutants on the bacteriolytic activity of the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio].	we studied the effect of various concentrations of ecologically hazardous pollutants, urea, phenol, diuron, and cadmium ions, on the physiological activity and survival of the parasitic bacterium bdellovibrio. experiments showed that the survival of bdellovibrios in the presence of the pollutants was two times higher when they were cultivated on agar than when they were cultivated in liquid medium. the data obtained are in agreement with the recent concept of the surface-associated state as a su ...	2000	11315677
a novel sphingophosphonolipid head group 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl phosphonate in bdellovibrio stolpii.	members of the bacterial genus bdellovibrio include strains that are free-living, whereas others are known to invade and parasitize larger gram-negative bacteria. the bacterium can synthesize several sphingophospholipid compounds including those with phosphoryl bonds as well as phosphonyl bonds. in the present study, the dominant sphingophosphonolipid component was isolated by column chromatography, and the long-chain bases, fatty acids, and polar head groups were identified by thin-layer and ga ...	2001	11432465
analysis of phenotypic diversity among host-independent mutants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	host-independent (h-i) mutants of the obligate bacterial parasite bdellovibrio bacteriovorus were isolated from wild-type strain 109j. seven h-i mutants differed in morphological features such as cell length (2-30 microm) and shape (short or long spirals or rod-like), plaque size, and pigmentation (from almost colorless to bright orange). the mutants exhibited widely different growth capabilities in rich medium, with biomass doubling times and final biomass varying by a factor of two or more. gr ...	2001	11511869
predatory prokaryotes: predation and primary consumption evolved in bacteria.	two kinds of predatory bacteria have been observed and characterized by light and electron microscopy in samples from freshwater sulfurous lakes in northeastern spain. the first bacterium, named vampirococcus, is gram-negative and ovoidal (0.6 micrometer wide). an anaerobic epibiont, it adheres to the surface of phototrophic bacteria (chromatium spp.) by specific attachment structures and, as it grows and divides by fission, destroys its prey. an important in situ predatory role can be inferr ...	1986	11542073
microviridae, a family divided: isolation, characterization, and genome sequence of phimh2k, a bacteriophage of the obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	a novel single-stranded dna phage, phimh2k, of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was isolated, characterized, and sequenced. this phage is a member of the microviridae, a family typified by bacteriophage phix174. although b. bacteriovorus and escherichia coli are both classified as proteobacteria, phimh2k is only distantly related to phix174. instead, phimh2k exhibits an extremely close relationship to the microviridae of chlamydia in both genome organization and encoded proteins. unlike the double-str ...	2002	11807069
taxonomic studies of predatory bdellovibrios based on 16s rrna analysis, ribotyping and the hit locus and characterization of isolates from the gut of animals.	the aim of our study was to obtain data for the molecular characterization of bdellovibrio bacteria, which were recently split into the genus bdellovibrio and the newly designated genus bacteriovorax. we determined the 16s rdna sequences of five reference strains and performed a phylogenetic analysis including published 16s rrna sequences of bdellovibrios. a comparison of the secondary structure showed significant differences in two regions of the 16s rrnas of the species bdellovibrio bacteriovo ...	2001	11822674
[interaction of the vegetative and nonculturable forms of salmonella typhimurium with bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio].	the data on the interaction of bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio with the representatives of pathogenic salmonella typhimurium are presented. different types of such interaction are demonstrated: in a two-component system, in fluid media, in an agar layer and on the surface of a solid carrier. as shown for the first time, bdellovibrio cells are capable of interacting not only with actively growing bacteria, but also with their noncultivable forms. the data obtained may serve as the basis for th ...	2001	11881487
predatory prokaryotes: an emerging research opportunity.	predatory prokaryotes have evolved a unique strategy of obtaining energy and biosynthetic materials from their surroundings: acquiring them from other living bacterial cells. these types of microbes have been found in a diverse variety of environments, and may play an important role in modulating microbial population structure and dynamics, as has been hypothesized for marine viruses and possibly protists. only one genus of predatory bacterium, bdellovibrio, has been extensively described and st ...	2002	12432957
16s rdna sequence analysis of environmental bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) reveals extensive diversity.	bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balo) are gram-negative, predatory bacteria that inhabit terrestrial, freshwater and salt-water environments. historically, these organisms have been classified together despite documented genetic differences between isolates. the genetic diversity of these microbes was assessed by sequencing the 16s rrna gene. primers that selectively amplify predator 16s rdna, and not contaminating prey dna, were utilized to study 17 freshwater and terrestrial and nine salt-wat ...	2002	12508873
[study on the plasmid instability of bdellovibrio bdg-9].	a new method system was established in this paper to study the plasmid in stability of bdellovibrio bdg-9. using this system, it was found that when bdg-9 was cultured singly on the smb plate, plasmid pst i was unstable although pst i still replicated and distributed to progeny cell normally. the results showed that the pst i copy number in single cell of bdg-9 decreased gradually to zero with the propagation of bdg-9. additionally, plasmid pst i was very important for the growth of bdg-9, and w ...	2000	12548941
a novel assay to monitor predator-prey interactions for bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109 j reveals a role for methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in predation.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are gram-negative bacteria that prey upon other gram-negative bacteria, including some pathogens, in a wide variety of habitats including soil, sewage, marine and estuarine environments. in order to facilitate studies on predation by this organism, we have developed a method that assays killing of luminescent escherichia coli by b. bacteriovorus. moreover, we have used this assay to compare predation of cells by derivatives of b. bacteriovorus containing targeted mutat ...	2003	12558595
investigations into the life cycle of the bacterial predator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j at an interface by atomic force microscopy.	atomic force microscopy was used to image bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j, a gram-negative bacterial predator that consumes a variety of other gram-negative bacteria. in predator-prey communities grown on filters at hydrated air-solid interfaces, repeated cycles of hunting, invasion, growth, and lysis occurred readily even though the cells were limited to near two-dimensional movement. this system allowed us to image the bacteria directly without extensive preparation or modification, and many o ...	2003	12719266
the obligate predatory bdellovibrio bacteriovorus possesses a neutral lipid a containing alpha-d-mannoses that replace phosphate residues: similarities and differences between the lipid as and the lipopolysaccharides of the wild type strain b. bacteriovorus hd100 and its host-independent derivative hi100.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are predatory bacteria that penetrate gram-negative bacteria and grow intraperiplasmically at the expense of the prey. it was suggested that b. bacteriovorus partially degrade and reutilize lipopolysaccharide (lps) of the host, thus synthesizing an outer membrane containing structural elements of the prey. according to this hypothesis a host-independent mutant should possess a chemically different lps. therefore, the lipopolysaccharides of b. bacteriovorus hd100 and it ...	2003	12743115
bdellovibrio bacteriovorus gen. et sp. n., a predatory, ectoparasitic, and bacteriolytic microorganism.		1963	14068454
microbial ecology of activated sludge. ii. bacteriophages, bdellovibrio, coliforms, and other organisms.	a comparative estimation of the coliform population of raw sewage, activated sludge, and the effluent derived therefrom revealed that raw sewage had a preponderance of escherichia coli (75%), as compared with 25 and 30%, respectively, in sludge and effluent. nitrogen-free mannitol-sucrose enrichments of activated sludge resulted in the isolation of azotobacter agilis, aerobacter aerogenes, corynebacterium laevaniformans, and an achromabacter species. sludge had a large population of c. laevanifo ...	1965	14325890
jerusalem artichokes stimulate growth of broiler chickens and protect them against endotoxins and potential cecal pathogens.	control of intestinal pathogens during the earliest phases of broiler production may be the best strategy for the reduction of human pathogens on processed broiler carcasses. the recent ban on antibiotics in poultry feed has served to focus much attention on alternative methods of controlling the gastrointestinal microflora. a field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the fructan-rich jerusalem artichoke, or topinambur (administered as 0.5% topinambur syrup in drinking water), on cultu ...	2003	14627303
plastic phenotypic resistance to predation by bdellovibrio and like organisms in bacterial prey.	predation at the lowest trophic level, i.e. between bacteria, is poorly understood, hindering efforts to assess its impact on the structure of bacterial communities. the interaction of bdellovibrio and bacteriovorax (bdellovibrio and like organisms, blos), a group of obligate, ubiquitous predatory bacteria, with their gram-negative bacterial prey results in the multiplication of the predator and in the lysis, but not in the eradication, of the prey. we show that the residual, surviving populatio ...	2004	14686937
a symbiont of the tick ixodes ricinus invades and consumes mitochondria in a mode similar to that of the parasitic bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	we have recently performed molecular characterisation of an intracellular alpha-proteobacterium, named irices1, which resides in the ovarian tissue of female ixodes ricinus ticks from italy. a unique characteristic of this bacterium is its ability to invade the mitochondria of the cells in which it resides. although some ultrastructural studies have been performed on close relatives of this bacterium from i. ricinus in england and switzerland, a number of questions remain about its movement with ...	2004	14729452
a predator unmasked: life cycle of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus from a genomic perspective.	predatory bacteria remain molecularly enigmatic, despite their presence in many microbial communities. here we report the complete genome of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hd100, a predatory gram-negative bacterium that invades and consumes other gram-negative bacteria. its surprisingly large genome shows no evidence of recent gene transfer from its prey. a plethora of paralogous gene families coding for enzymes, such as hydrolases and transporters, are used throughout the life cycle of b. bacteriov ...	2004	14752164
isolation, molecular characterisation and genome sequence of a bacteriophage (chp3) from chlamydophila pecorum.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that have a unique developmental cycle. thirty nine viable isolates representing all nine currently recognised chlamydial species were screened by immunofluorescence with a cross-reacting chlamydiaphage monoclonal antibody. a novel chlamydiaphage (chp3) was detected in c. pecorum, a chlamydial species not previously known to carry bacteriophages. chp3 belongs to the microviridae, members of this virus family are characterised by circular, single-st ...	2004	14976421
downregulation of the mota gene delays the escape of the obligate predator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j from bdelloplasts of bacterial prey cells.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys on other gram-negative bacteria. the lifecycle of b. bacteriovorus alternates between an extracellular flagellated and highly motile non-replicative attack-phase cell and a periplasmic non-flagellated growth-phase cell. the prey bacterium containing periplasmic bdellovibrios becomes spherical but osmotically stable, forming a structure known as the bdelloplast. after completing the growth phase, newly formed bdellovibrios regain ...	2004	14993314
researchers eye "predatory" bacterium for novel antimicrobial strategies.		2004	15010430
predation pattern and phylogenetic analysis of bdellovibrionaceae from the great salt lake, utah.	the bdellovibrionaceae are predatory, intraperiplasmic bacteria that prey upon a variety of gram-negative bacteria. the prey susceptibility pattern is frequently used to characterize new isolates. the objective in this study was to isolate and characterize predators from the great salt lake (gsl) by prey susceptibility testing. to recover the predators, water samples were inoculated into an enrichment medium with vibrio parahaemolyticus as prey. after several days of incubation, the predators we ...	2004	15057478
genome update: at content in sequenced prokaryotic genomes.		2004	15073284
[a comparative study of the effect of certain pollutants on free-living and immobilized bdellovibrio].	the paper deals with a comparative study of the growth of free-living and immobilized predatory bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio in the presence of toxic concentrations of urea and phenol. it was found that the cell wall of bdelloplasts plays a protective role in the adaptation of bdellovibrios to xenobiotics. the attachment of bdellovibrios to solid surfaces allows them to survive under unfavorable environmental conditions.	2004	15074041
bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains produce a novel major outer membrane protein during predacious growth in the periplasm of prey bacteria.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that is capable of invading a number of gram-negative bacteria. the life cycle of this predator can be divided into a nonreproductive phase outside the prey bacteria and a multiplication phase in their periplasm. it was suggested that during the reproduction phase, b. bacteriovorus reutilizes unmodified components of the prey's cell wall. we therefore examined the outer membranes of b. bacteriovorus strains hd100 (dsm 50701) and hd114 (dsm 5070 ...	2004	15090518
bdellovibrio as therapeutic agents: a predatory renaissance?		2004	15263901
reclassification of salt-water bdellovibrio sp. as bacteriovorax marinus sp. nov. and bacteriovorax litoralis sp. nov.	bdellovibrios are unique, predatory bacteria with an intraperiplasmic growth and multiplication phase within their prey, which consists of many gram-negative bacteria. until recently, all bacteria that exhibited these traits were included in the genus bdellovibrio. however, analysis of 16s rdna sequences and other studies have demonstrated substantial genotypic, phenotypic and ecotypic diversity among the organisms in this genus (baer et al., 2000; snyder et al., 2002). this has resulted in recl ...	2004	15280263
finding my enemy's enemies.		2004	15289822
[ultrastructural basis of interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in different symbiotic models].	this paper reviews the author's contribution to the knowledge of the ultrastructural basis of the prokaryote-eukaryote interactions in different models assessed by an ultrastructural approach. in agreement with the hypothesis of the origin of eukaryotic cells, which are chimeras of several prokaryotes with different morpho-functional specializations, symbiosis had major consequence for evolution of life. in arthropods, one of the most successful lifestyles, the presence of endosymbiotic prokaryo ...	2004	15305681
diversity and evolution of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos), reclassification of bacteriovorax starrii as peredibacter starrii gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of the bacteriovorax-peredibacter clade as bacteriovoracaceae fam. nov.	a phylogenetic analysis of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) was performed. it was based on the characterization of 71 strains and on all consequent 16s rrna gene sequences available in databases, including clones identified by data-mining, totalling 120 strains from very varied biotopes. amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra) accurately reflected the diversity and phylogenetic affiliation of balos, thereby providing an efficient screening tool. extensive phylogenetic analysis of the ...	2004	15388693
fate of predator and prey proteins during growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on escherichia coli and pseudomonas syringae prey.	a two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of protein distribution followed by identification of selected proteins by mass spectrometry was performed on fresh bdellovibrio cultures containing attack phase cells of the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain 109j-1 and the remains of an escherichia coli or a pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato prey. cleavage of the peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane proteins (omps) ompa in e. coli and oprf in p. syringae occurred in both prey. the ...	2005	15601717
characterization of outer membrane protein fractions of bdellovibrionales.	bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) are predatory bacteria that prey upon gram-negative bacteria and are taxonomically subsumed in the order bdellovibrionales. despite their unique lifestyle, these bacteria show remarkable genotypic diversities. the outer membrane of the predators is likely to play an important role during the recognition and invasion stage, as well as in the intraperiplasmic growth phase. in this study, the outer membrane protein fractions of type strains of bdellovibrio, b ...	2005	15668021
predation, death, and survival in a biofilm: bdellovibrio investigated by atomic force microscopy.	biofilms are complex microbial communities that are resistant to attack by bacteriophages and to removal by drugs and chemicals. here we use atomic force microscopy (afm) to image the attack on escherichia coli biofilms by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j. bdellovibrio is a small, predatory bacterium that invades and devours other gram-negative bacteria. we demonstrate that under dilute nutrient conditions, bdellovibrios can prevent the formation of simple bacterial biofilms and destroy establish ...	2005	15893228
susceptibility of biofilms to bdellovibrio bacteriovorus attack.	biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface, and the growth of these surface attached communities is thought to provide microorganisms with protection against a range of biotic and abiotic agents. the capability of the gram-negative predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus to control and reduce an existing escherichia coli biofilm was evaluated in a static assay. a reduction in biofilm biomass was observed as early as 3 h after exposure to the predator, and an 87% redu ...	2005	16000819
expression of canonical sos genes is not under lexa repression in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the here-reported identification of the lexa-binding sequence of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a bacterial predator belonging to the delta-proteobacteria, has made possible a detailed study of its lexa regulatory network. surprisingly, only the lexa gene and a multiple gene cassette including dinp and dnae homologues are regulated by the lexa protein in this bacterium. in vivo expression analyses have confirmed that this gene cassette indeed forms a polycistronic unit that, like the lexa gene, is ...	2005	16030231
transcriptional activity of the host-interaction locus and a putative pilin gene of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in the predatory life cycle.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that grows and replicates within the periplasm of a large variety of gram-negative bacteria. so far, the host-interaction locus (hit locus) is the only genetic locus that is implicated in the obligate predatory lifestyle. sequence analysis revealed that upstream of the hit locus, the genomic regions of the two obligate predatory b. bacteriovorus-type strains hd100 and hd114 encode genes for pilus formation. as pili might be involved in the inva ...	2005	16195835
azospirillum brasilense does not affect population structure of specific rhizobacterial communities of inoculated maize (zea mays).	positive response of plant species to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have led to an increased interest in their use as bacterial inoculants. however, the introduction of exogenous bacteria into natural ecosystems may perturb bacterial populations within the microbial community and lead to the disruption of indigenous populations performing key functional roles. in this study the effect of azospirillum brasilense inoculation on maize (zea mays) rhizosphere actinobacteria, bacteroidetes, alp ...	2005	16232299
[study of bacteria-lysis abilities and growth conditions of 4 bdellovibrio].	bdellovibrio can lyse pathogenic bacteria and clean up waters. 4 strains of bdellovibrio sp., designated bh04-4, bh04-41a, bh04-a + and bh04-1f, were isolated from seawaters used bh04 as host bacterium. after confirmation to be bdellovibrio sp. by electron microscopy and specific pcr method, their growth conditions and lytic ability on 61 bacteria from various sources were performed. results showed that all four bdellovibrio grew in salinity in the range of between 1% and 3%, with 3% salinity be ...	2005	16245873
bacterial predator-prey interaction at low prey density.	a bacterial predator-prey interaction was studied using bdellovibrio and bioluminescent prey bacteria. the attacking bdellovibrio causes decay of bioluminescence, which is correlated with bdellovibrio penetration into the prey. the behavior of the prey and predator populations over time was found to be well described by a lotka-volterra model. by using this model, the probability of bdellovibrio penetration after encountering a prey cell was found to be approximately 3.0%. the prey density requi ...	1978	16345299
seasonal and geographic distribution of luminous bacteria in the eastern mediterranean sea and the gulf of elat.	luminous bacteria in the mediterranean sea and the gulf of aqaba-elat have different distribution patterns. in the mediterranean sea, beneckea harveyi is present all year round, with different subtypes alternating in summer and winter; photobacterium fischeri was only present during the winter. in the gulf of elat, p. leiognathi is present throughout the water column in similar densities during the entire year. this constancy in distribution is presumably due to the near-constancy in water tempe ...	1979	16345404
evidence suggesting protozoan predation on rhizobium associated with germinating seeds and in the rhizosphere of beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.).	changes in populations of microorganisms around germinating bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) seeds, in the rhizosphere of bean, and in a model rhizosphere were studied. strains of rhizobium phaseoli that were resistant to streptomycin and thiram were used, and as few as 300 r. phaseoli cells per g of soil could be enumerated with a selective medium that was devised. a direct role was not evident for bacterial competitors, lytic bacteria, antibiotic-producing microorganisms, bacteriophages, and bdell ...	1980	16345628
fungicide enhancement of nitrogen fixation and colonization of phaseolus vulgaris by rhizobium phaseoli.	the number and weight of pods and the weight and nitrogen content of the tops of beans (phaseolus vulgaris) derived from seeds inoculated with a thiram-resistant strain of rhizobium phaseoli were increased if the seeds were treated with thiram before sowing in soil. a greater percentage of the nodules on 21-day-old plants were derived from the resistant strain, more nodules were formed, and these nodules were more effective in the presence of the fungicide than in its absence. these differences ...	1981	16345715
efficiencies of recovery of bdellovibrios from brackish- water environments by using various bacterial species as prey.	a total of 44 bacterial species subdivided into 10 trial experiments have been used as prey for the recovery of bdellovibrios from samples of water from a brackish tidal pond and an aquarium saltwater tank. in an initial investigation, the recovery efficiency of each of the test bacterial species was compared with that of a designated standard prey, vibrio parahaemolyticus p-5. the results revealed that in each case strain p-5 yielded an equal or significantly greater number of plaques of bdello ...	1990	16348096
formation of stable bdelloplasts as a starvation-survival strategy of marine bdellovibrios.	several wild-type isolates of marine bdellovibrios formed stable bdelloplasts when they infected gram-negative bacterial prey under certain culture conditions. synchronous predator-prey cultures and low nutrient concentrations increased the yield of stable bdelloplasts. the bdellovibrio cells retained in the stable bdelloplasts showed a high survival capacity in nutrient-depleted saline solution (10% viable bdellovibrio cells after 3 months at 25 degrees c), whereas bdellovibrio attack-phase cel ...	1990	16348280
serogrouping of halophilic bdellovibrios from chesapeake bay and environs by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.	little has been reported on the serological relationship of halophilic bdellovibrios (bd). immunodiffusion analysis performed with rabbit or mouse bd antisera developed against eight halophilic bd isolates and one terrestrial bd isolate, when reacted with soluble antigen preparations of 45 isolates of halophilic bd, allowed separation into seven serogroups, which were distinct from the terrestrial isolate. soluble antigen preparations of prey bacteria, vibrio parahaemolyticus p-5 (p-5) and esche ...	1991	16348597
ancient lateral gene transfer in the evolution of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the recently sequenced genome of the predatory delta-proteobacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus provides many insights into its metabolism and evolution. because its genes are reasonably uniform in g+c content, it was suggested that b. bacteriovorus actively resists recombination with foreign dna and horizontal transfer of dna from other bacteria. to investigate this further, we carried out a variety of phylogenetic and comparative genomics analyses using data from >200 microbial genomes, includ ...	2006	16413191
differential predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that can replicate only inside gram-negative bacteria. we incubated b. bacteriovorus 109j in a mixture of two prey cells present in equal numbers and enumerated prey cells after 3 h of predation. in multiple prey pairings, b. bacteriovorus preferentially lysed on one prey over the other. when prey were individually incubated with b. bacteriovorus, they were preyed on with different efficiencies. three prey had only 5-8% of cells remaining after ...	2006	16450066
bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitism in shigella species.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was capable of parasitizing shigella boydii, s. flexneri, and s. sonnei. the bdellovibrio was able to produce plaques on lawns consisting of heat-killed or ultraviolet-irradiated s. boydii.	1970	16557841
characterizing the flagellar filament and the role of motility in bacterial prey-penetration by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the predatory bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus swims rapidly by rotation of a single, polar flagellum comprised of a helical filament of flagellin monomers, contained within a membrane sheath and powered by a basal motor complex. bdellovibrio collides with, enters and replicates within bacterial prey, a process previously suggested to firstly require flagellar motility and then flagellar shedding upon prey entry. here we show that flagella are not always shed upon prey entry and we study the ...	2006	16573680
distinguishing features of delta-proteobacterial genomes.	we analyzed several features of five currently available delta-proteobacterial genomes, including two aerobic bacteria exhibiting predatory behavior and three anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria. the delta genomes are distinguished from other bacteria by several properties: (i) the delta genomes contain two "giant" s1 ribosomal protein genes in contrast to all other bacterial types, which encode a single or no s1; (ii) in most delta-proteobacterial genomes the major ribosomal protein (rp) gene c ...	2006	16844781
structure analysis of a soil community of predatory bacteria using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods reveals a hitherto undetected diversity of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms.	bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) are widespread obligatory predators of other gram-negative bacteria. their detection by culture-dependent methods is complicated as their replication is totally dependent upon the availability of an appropriate prey. because balos do not form numerically dominant groups within microbial communities, non-specific culture-independent tools also generally fail to detect them. we designed sets of 16s rrna primers that specifically target balos. polymerase chai ...	2006	16913926
bdellovibrio predation in the presence of decoys: three-way bacterial interactions revealed by mathematical and experimental analyses.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a small, gram-negative, motile bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria, including several known human pathogens. its predation efficiency is usually studied in pure cultures containing solely b. bacteriovorus and a suitable prey. however, in natural environments, as well as in any possible biomedical uses as an antimicrobial, bdellovibrio is predatory in the presence of diverse decoys, including live nonsusceptible bacteria, eukaryotic cells, and cell ...	2006	17021228
bdellovibrio: growth and development during the predatory cycle.	predatory bdellovibrio enter the periplasm of other gram-negative bacteria, growing within and consuming them. unravelling molecular details of this intimate association between bacterial predator and prey is challenging yet fascinating, and might lead to novel antibacterials in the future. pioneering physiological and biochemical studies described the predatory life of bdellovibrio in the 1960s and 1970s, later followed by recombinant dna work in the 1990s, which led to a revival in bdellovibri ...	2006	17056298
removal of bacteria by filtration in planted and non-planted sand columns.	in order to diminish hygienic hazards from pathogens, the elimination of pathogenic bacteria in a pre-treatment step is important for the use of domestic wastewater for irrigation purposes. therefore, we analysed the removal of bacteria in laboratory-scale model sand filters simulating vertical flow systems of constructed wetlands (cw). sand-filled glass columns were planted with juncus effusus or phragmites australis and non-planted columns were used as controls. processes of bacteria removal s ...	2007	17084880
a new alpha-proteobacterial clade of bdellovibrio-like predators: implications for the mitochondrial endosymbiotic theory.	bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) are peculiar, ubiquitous, small-sized, highly motile gram-negative bacteria that are obligatory predators of other bacteria. typically, these predators invade the periplasm of their prey where they grow and replicate. to date, balos constitute two highly diverse families affiliated with the delta-proteobacteria class. in this study, micavibrio spp., a balo lineage of epibiotic predators, were isolated from soil. these bacteria attach to digest and grow at ...	2006	17107559
response of bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) to the migration of naturally occurring bacteria to chemoattractants.	a dual culture-based and non-culture-based approach was applied to characterize predator bacterial groups in surface water samples collected from apalachicola bay, florida. chemotaxis drop assays were performed on concentrated samples in an effort to isolate predator bacteria by their chemotactic ability. yeast extract (ye) and casamino acids (ca) proved to be strong chemoattractants and resulted in three visibly distinct bands; however, dextrose, succinate, pyruvate, and concentrated cells of v ...	2006	17115104
detection and identification of bacteriovorax stolpii uki2 sphingophosphonolipid molecular species.	bacteriovorax stolpii is a predator of larger gram-negative bacteria and lives as a parasite in the intraperiplasmic space of the host cell. this bacterium is unusual among prokaryotes in that sphingolipids comprise a large proportion of its lipids. we here report the presence of 18 molecular species of b. stolpii uki2 sphingophosphonolipids (spnls). (31)p nmr spectroscopy and analysis of p(i) released by a differential hydrolysis protocol confirmed the phosphonyl nature of these lipids. the spn ...	2007	17123828
[the recent research progress on bdellovibrio bacteriourus].	the recent research progress on taxonomy and physiological of b. bacteriouorus were briefly touched. the bacteriouorus hd100 and the system for genetic recombination and repair in b. genome characteristics of b. bacteriouorus were summarized in great detail. prey cells invading mechanism(s) and biochemical characteristics of b. bacteriouorus, including respiration and synthesis and nutrients transportation and absorption were introduced in detail too. recent practical applications of b. bacterio ...	2006	17302176
predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hd100 requires type iv pili.	early electron microscopy and more recent studies in our laboratory of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells indicated the presence of narrow fibers at the nonflagellar pole of this unusual predatory bacterium. analysis of the b. bacteriovorus hd100 genome showed a complete set of genes potentially encoding type iv pili and an incomplete gene set for flp pili; therefore, the role of type iv pili in the predatory life cycle of b. bacteriovorus hd100 was investigated. alignment of the predicted pila pr ...	2007	17416646
[isolation, identification, phylogenetic analysis and related properties of a pathogen in silurus meridionalis chen].	in october 2005, a large number of adults of silurus meridionalis chen died in the mud fish farming of sichuan province. later, three predominate strains of bacteria were isolated from the body of moribund fish. by artificial infection tests, strain twn3 was confirmed to be the pathogen of the disease. based on the characteristics of morphology, physiology and biochemistry tests, twn3 was initially identified as proteus vulgaris, and its g + c content of dna is 39.1% . after being amplified, the ...	2007	17436614
molecular characterization of membrane-associated soluble serine palmitoyltransferases from sphingobacterium multivorum and bdellovibrio stolpii.	serine palmitoyltransferase (spt) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis and catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of l-serine and palmitoyl coenzyme a (coa) to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (kds). eukaryotic spts comprise tightly membrane-associated heterodimers belonging to the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent alpha-oxamine synthase family. sphingomonas paucimobilis, a sphingolipid-containing bacterium, contains an abundant water-soluble homodimeric spt of the same family (h. ...	2007	17557831
development of a novel genetic system to create markerless deletion mutants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a species of unique obligate predatory bacteria that utilize gram-negative bacteria as prey. their life cycle alternates between a motile extracellular phase and a growth phase within the prey cell periplasm. the mechanism of prey cell invasion and the genetic networks and regulation during the life cycle have not been elucidated. the obligate predatory nature of the b. bacteriovorus life cycle suggests the use of this bacterium in potential applications involving p ...	2007	17557848
ecology: death and destruction determine diversity.	death can be good, bad or indifferent for biodiversity. new work confirms that predators can drive diversification of prey even in homogeneous environments, but suggests that this effect is crucially dependent upon the frequency and intensity of other mass-mortality events.	2007	17610832
predatory mechanisms of bdellovibrio and like organisms.	bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) are predatory, gram-negative delta-proteobacteria with a complex developmental lifecycle. in the free-living attack phase they are highly motile and seek out prey bacteria that they invade. the ensuing intracellular growth and replication is characterized by the development of a long filament that septates into individual cells that differentiate further into the flagellated attack-phase bacterium. the prey bacterium is lysed and motile predators are relea ...	2007	17661676
comprehensive analysis of transport proteins encoded within the genome of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a bacterial parasite with an unusual lifestyle. it grows and reproduces in the periplasm of a host prey bacterium. the complete genome sequence of b. bacteriovorus has recently been reported. we have reanalyzed the transport proteins encoded within the b. bacteriovorus genome according to the current content of the transporter classification database. a comprehensive analysis is given on the types and numbers of transport systems that b. bacteriovorus has. in this r ...	2007	17706914
global survey of diversity among environmental saltwater bacteriovoracaceae.	halophilic bacteriovorax (bx), formerly known as the marine bdellovibrio, are gram-negative, predatory bacteria found in saltwater systems. to assess their genetic diversity and geographical occurrence, the small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) gene sequences were analysed from 111 marine, salt lake and estuarine isolates recovered from 27 locations around the world. phylogenetic analysis of these isolates using geobacter as the outgroup revealed eight distinct ribotype clusters each with at least two i ...	2007	17803770
predation and disturbance interact to shape prey species diversity.	though predation, productivity (nutrient richness), spatial heterogeneity, and disturbance regimes are known to influence species diversity, interactions between these factors remain largely unknown. predation has been shown to interact with productivity and with spatial heterogeneity, but few experimental studies have focused on how predation and disturbance interact to influence prey diversity. we used theory and experiments to investigate how these factors influence diversification of pseudom ...	2007	17853998
design and performance of a 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe for detection of members of the genus bdellovibrio by fluorescence in situ hybridization.	a 16s rrna-targeted, cy3-labeled oligonucleotide probe was designed to detect members of the genus bdellovibrio by fluorescence in situ hybridization. specific hybridization conditions were established; however, the detection of bdellovibrios in environmental samples required enrichment, confirming that bdellovibrio spp. are not present in large numbers in the environment.	2007	17905886
biostimulation of estuarine microbiota on substrate coated agar slides: a novel approach to study diversity of autochthonous bdellovibrio- and like organisms.	characterization of bdellovibrio- and like organisms (balos) from environmental samples involves growing them in the presence of gram-negative prey bacteria and isolation of balo plaques. this labor-intensive enrichment and isolation procedure may impede the detection and phylogenetic characterization of uncultivable balos. in this article, we describe a simple slide biofilm assay to improve detection and characterization of balo microbiota. agar spiked with biostimulants such as yeast extract ( ...	2008	17968612
bacteriovorax stolpii proliferation and predation without sphingophosphonolipids.	bacteriovorax stolpii strain uki2, a facultative predator-parasite of larger gram-negative bacteria, synthesizes distinct sphingophosphonolipids. these lipids are characterized by a direct p-c bond, the novel head group 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonate, iso-branched long chain bases and fatty acids, and fatty acids dominated by those with alpha-hydroxy groups. myriocin, an inhibitor of serine:fatty acyl coa transferase, reversibly blocked sphingophosphonolipid synthesis in b. stolpii uki2. howe ...	2008	18086555