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plasmid profile and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey.this study was conducted for typing salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in turkey using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid dna profile analysis. fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. the samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. the strains were determined to belong ...201424852084
outbreak of salmonella infantis gastroenteritis among people who had eaten at a hash house in southern italy.to describe an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in people who had eaten at a hash house in southern italy.201424856199
phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains isolated in japan using whole genome sequence data.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis has been reported to be carried asymptomatically in chickens and isolated from some human patients with diarrhea. the aim of this study was to investigate the phylogeny of s. infantis strains isolated in japan from chicken meat, chicken egg shells, environmental samples from a grading and packing center for chicken eggs (gp center), diarrhea patients, and asymptomatic carriers based on whole genome sequence data. the s. infantis strains were i ...201424999237
investigation of class i integron in salmonella infantis and its association with drug resistance.infection with non-typhoid salmonella (nts) is one of the most important health problems all over the world. antimicrobial drug resistance is increasing among salmonella infantis species.201425147710
the consequence of low mannose-binding lectin plasma concentration in relation to susceptibility to salmonella infantis in chickens.mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a key protein in innate immunity. mbl binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens, where it initiates complement activation via the lectin-dependent pathway or facilitates opsonophagocytosis. in vitro studies have shown that human mbl is able to bind to salmonella, but knowledge in relation to chicken mbl and salmonella is lacking. in order to study this relation day-old chickens from two selected lines l10h and l10l, differing in mbl serum concentration, w ...201525487759
a novel subpopulation of salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from broiler chicken organs other than the gastrointestinal tract.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains were isolated from broiler chickens from six farms in japan and the pathogenicity associated with the recently reported 280kbp mega plasmid was examined by possession of the plasmid and histopathology of tissues from these chickens. s. infantis strains were isolated from 10 of 24 chickens. phylogenetic, network and bayesian cluster analyses were used to determine whether these strains were in the previously defined clusters 1-5. phylog ...201525542287
phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (asteraceae).chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle ethanolic extracts were chemically analysed with respect to phenolics. twelve phenolic acids were separated and identified by hplc-dad and the presence of rosmarinic acid was additionally confirmed by lc-ms. five methods were applied for the evaluation of extracts' antioxidant properties (frap, dpph, abts, chelating activity, briggs-rauscher reaction), while the antibacterial activity was tested against some of the major food-borne pathogens (campylobacter ...201425632475
increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in japan.extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella are one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. esbl-producing salmonella strains have been isolated from humans in asian countries neighboring japan, along with strains harboring the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistance gene, ampc (pampc). however, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of esc-resistant salmonella in chicken products in japan, which are the main vehic ...201525642944
an investigation into the removal of salmonella and enteric indicator bacteria from the separated liquid fraction of raw or anaerobically digested pig manure using novel on-farm woodchip biofilters.the objective was to investigate the removal of salmonella and enteric indicator bacteria from the liquid fraction of raw and anaerobically digested (ad) pig manure in woodchip biofilters over a 14 week (98 day) period. antibiotic susceptible salmonella infantis was detected in one influent material (liquid fraction of raw manure) on two occasions but was not found in the effluent at any time point. furthermore, mean coliform reductions of 56% were observed in the biofilters treating the liquid ...201525659312
[detection of enteric pathogen bacteria with the pcr method from mixed fecal specimens of food handlers].we developed an assay for rapid, specific detection of shigella, salmonella, and verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 using the direct pcr analysis of mixed human fecal specimens. in this study, the sensitivity of the direct pcr assay for 50 mixed human fecal specimen was found to be 1.3, 0.42, and 0.76 colony-forming units/kit for shigella sonnei, salmonella typhimurium, and verotoxin-producing e. coli o157, respectively. we compared the efficiency of the direct pcr method with the convent ...201425672139
genome sequences of three salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from healthy broiler chicks in hungary and in the united kingdom.the genome sequences of three strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis isolated from broiler chickens in 1994 and 2004 in hungary and in the 1980s in the united kingdom are reported here. a sequence comparison should improve our understanding of the evolution of the genome and spread of s. infantis in poultry.201525676749
[demonstration of β-1,2 mannan structures expressed on the cell wall of candida albicans yeast form but not on the hyphal form by using monoclonal antibodies].candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus that may be observed as both commensal and opportunistic pathogen in humans. as one of the major components of candida cell wall structure, mannan plays an important role in the fungus-host cell interaction and in virulence. the ability to switch from yeast to hypha form of microorganism is crutial in the development of c.albicans infections. hyphal form has different antigenic properties compared to yeast form and structural changes occur in the yeast ce ...201525706732
survival of salmonella enterica serovar infantis on and within stored table eggs.contaminated table eggs are considered a primary source of foodborne salmonellosis globally. recently, a single clone of salmonella enterica serovar infantis emerged in israel and became the predominant serovar isolated in poultry. this clone is currently the most prevalent strain in poultry and is the leading cause of salmonellosis in humans. because little is known regarding the potential transmission of this strain from contaminated eggs to humans, the objective of this study was to evaluate ...201525710143
immune reaction and survivability of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella infantis after infection of primary avian macrophages.salmonella serovars are differentially able to infect chickens. the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2) for the virulence of two non-host-specific, but in-vivo differently invasive, salmonella serovars in conjunction with the immune reaction of the host. primary avian splenic macrophages were inoculated with salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar (s.) typhimuri ...201525811871
quantification and characterization of salmonella spp. isolates in sewage sludge with potential usage in agriculture.this study aims to scrutinize salmonella spp. and its serotypes in sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants, and assesses the presence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistant to the profile. samples (n = 54) were collected and analyzed in accordance with the epa method 1682/2006. for positive serological reaction, 40 strains were selected for pcr analyses and detection of spvc, inva and ssel virulence genes, plasmid presence and resistance to antibiotics.201425927729
first description of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants and β-lactamase encoding genes in non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from humans, one companion animal and food in romania.gastroenteritis attributable to salmonella enterica and the continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance of this gut pathogen, which compromises the use of previously effective treatments, is of great concern for public health. this study was conducted in order to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants and β-lactamase-encoding genes, in s. enterica, isolated from humans, one companion animal and food. moreover, the study aimed to identify potenti ...201526120367
[a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella infantis].we report herein on a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis). a 30-year-old japanese man presenting with a 3-week history of left ankle pain was suspected to have either a tumor or osteomyelitis, on the basis of imaging study findings. he underwent a surgical resection of the lesion. histopathological examination revealed a granuloma. however, s. infantis was cultured from the biopsy sample. cefazolin ...201526554224
incidence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics of nontyphoidal salmonella including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers in retail chicken meat.the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of salmonella in 100 chicken carcass samples from five integrated broiler operation brands in korea. serotypes, antibiotic resistance patterns, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) genotype, and clonal divergence using multilocus sequence typing of the isolated strains were analyzed. a total of 42 chicken samples were contaminated with nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) isolates: 16 isolates (38%) were salmonella virchow, 9 (21%) were salmo ...201526555514
a prolonged outbreak of salmonella infantis associated with pork products in central germany, april-october 2013.one of the largest and longest salmonella outbreaks in germany within the last 10 years occurred in central germany in 2013. to identify vehicles of infection, we analysed surveillance data, conducted a case-control study and food traceback. we identified 267 cases infected with salmonella infantis with symptom onset between 16 april and 26 october 2013 in four neighbouring federal states. results of our study indicated that cases were more likely to have eaten raw minced pork from local butcher ...201626593246
emergence of a clonal lineage of multidrug-resistant esbl-producing salmonella infantis transmitted from broilers and broiler meat to humans in italy between 2011 and 2014.we report the spread of a clone of multidrug-resistant (mdr), esbl-producing (blactx-m-1) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis, in the italian broiler chicken industry and along the food-chain. this was first detected in italy in 2011 and led to human infection in italy in 2013-2014.a set (n = 49) of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistant (r) isolates of s. infantis (2011-2014) from humans, food-producing animals and meat thereof, were studied along with a selected set o ...201526716443
calcinated egg shell as a candidate of biosecurity enhancement material.calcinated egg shell (egg-cao), of which the main component is calcium oxide, was evaluated in the forms of powder and aqueous solutions for their efficacies as disinfectants against avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), salmonella infantis and escherichia coli. egg-cao powder inactivated these viruses within 3 min in the presence of 33% of fetal bovine serum (fbs). in egg-cao solutions, except aiv, all pathogens were inactivated with ...201626854110
study of silver nanoparticles synthesized by acidophilic strain of actinobacteria isolated from the of picea sitchensis forest soil.in the present work the acidophilic actinobacteria strain was used as a novel reducing agent for the cheap, green and single-step synthesis of nanostructure silver particles. structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy approach. the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against clinical strains such as staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, ...201626864807
inactivation of bacteria on surfaces by sprayed slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water: in vitro experiments.the capacity of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water (sahw), in both liquid and spray form, to inactivate bacteria was evaluated as a potential candidate for biosecurity enhancement in poultry production. sahw (containing 50 or 100 ppm chlorine, ph 6) was able to inactivate escherichia coli and salmonella infantis in liquid to below detectable levels (≤2.6 log10 cfu/ml) within 5 sec of exposure. in addition, sahw antibacterial capacity was evaluated by spraying it using a nebulizer into a box ...201627052464
molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and detection of their resistance genesby pcr.this study aims at molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and the detection of their antibiotic resistance genes. a total of 46 salmonella-suspected samples isolated from backyard chickens of northern iran were collected. serotyping was done by the traditional method and then confirmed by pcr. antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against 13 antimicrobial agents was determined by the standard disk diffusion method. there were 44 samples identified ...201527175192
spread and persistence of vim-1 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in three german swine farms in 2011 and 2012.the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in livestock is considered as a threat for public health. in germany, vim-1-producing escherichia (e.) coli sequence type (st) 88 and salmonella infantis isolates harbouring blavim-1inchi2 plasmids have been isolated from swine and poultry farms. a retrospective study was performed to determine if there was a broader distribution of vim-1-positive isolates in any of the carbapenemase-positive swine farms. selective incubation (carbapen ...201727234907
biofilm formation by environmental isolates of salmonella and their sensitivity to natural antimicrobials.the objective of this study was to determine reduction of salmonella in biofilms by essential oils. biofilm formation of 15 salmonella isolates from conventional swine farm environment was evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) assays. only one of the 15 isolates was a strong biofilm producer as classified by crystal violet assay. all salmonella isolates formed biofilm on mbec assay. the curli expression was robust among strains ...201627356028
[prevalence of salmonella in meat and meat products in moravia in 2010-2015].bacteria of the genus salmonella greatly contribute to foodborne infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. an important source of the diseases is foods of animal origin. the study aimed at monitoring and assessing the prevalence of individual salmonella serovars in samples of meat and meat products collected in moravia, czech republic.201627450522
genome sequences of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from broiler chicks in hungary.three strains of salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from healthy broiler chickens from 2012 to 2013 have been sequenced. comparison of these and previously published s infantis genome sequences of broiler origin in 1996 and 2004 will provide new insight into the genome evolution and recent spread of s infantis in poultry.201627979950
antimicrobial effectiveness of synthesized bioactive silver nanoparticles by the actinomycetes hgg16n strain.biologically synthetized silver nanoparticles are promising antimicrobial agent. flow cytometry, well diffusion methods, colony-forming units (cfu) and spectroscopic approach are commonly used in antimicrobial study. the aims of this study were to provides information about effectiveness of bioagnps synthesized by actinomycetes hgg16n using fluorescence flow cytometry method as an alternative to the standard ones (well and disc diffusion method).201728056728
genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from hungary representing two peak incidence periods in three decades.four strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis isolated from humans (1980 to 1982) and broiler chickens (2016) have been sequenced. they represent the early and recent peak incidences of this serovar in hungary. genome sequences of these isolates provide comparative data on the evolution and rise of an endemic s infantis clone in hungary.201728254986
vim-1-producing salmonella infantis isolated from swine and minced pork meat in germany. 201728369508
effect of nanoemulsified and microencapsulated mexican oregano (lippia graveolens kunth) essential oil coatings on quality of fresh pork meat.fresh meat is a highly perishable food. this work aimed to evaluate the influence of mexican oregano (lippia graveolens kunth) incorporated into active coatings (acs) spread on fresh pork meat as free (feo), nanoemulsified (neo), and microencapsulated (meo) essential oil (eo), on its microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties during 15 d at 4 ± 1 °c. thymol and γ-terpinene were identified in the eo. in vitro effect of 2.85 mg eo/cm(2) was tested against brochothrix thermosphacta, mi ...201728493309
enhancement of bactericidal effects of sodium hypochlorite in chiller water with food additive grade calcium hydroxide.an alkaline agent, namely food additive grade calcium hydroxide (fdca(oh)2) in solution at 0.17%, was evaluated for its bactericidal efficacies in chiller water with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) at a concentration of 200 ppm total residual chlorine. without organic material presence, naocl could inactivate salmonella infantis and escherichia coli within 5 sec, but in the presence of fetal bovine serum (fbs) at 0.5%, the bactericidal effects of naocl were diminished completely. fdca(oh)2 solution ...201728496013
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella spp. isolated from foods and clinical samples in brazil.increasing antimicrobial resistance in salmonella species has been a serious problem for public health worldwide. this study examines salmonella spp. recovered from foods and clinical samples on serotype, antimicrobial resistance and pfge genotypes. it identified 91 salmonellae, belonging to 31 different serotypes, from 36 isolates from food and 55 clinical samples. salmonella infantis (16.5%) and salmonella enteritidis (13.7%) are the most common among food isolates, whereas salmonella enteriti ...201728513778
contamination of carcasses and utensils in small swine slaughterhouses by salmonella in the northwestern region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil.salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that constantly threatens food safety in developed countries and underdeveloped countries such as brazil, where it is responsible for 38% of notified cases of foodborne illness. swine are one of the main meat-producing species that may asymptomatically carry salmonella, periodically shedding the bacteria through feces. the state of rio de janeiro is not a major producer of swine meat, but small slaughterhouses are operational and produce meat for consumpt ...201728585863
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from a chronic human infection.we report a 4.99-mb draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. the infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment.201728729277
salmonella enterica serovar infantis from food and human infections, switzerland, 2010-2015: poultry-related multidrug resistant clones and an emerging esbl producing clonal lineage.objectives: the aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 520 salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from food (poultry meat), human infections and environmental sources from the years 2010, 2013 and 2015 in switzerland. methods: we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis on all 520 s. infantis isolates, and whole genome sequencing (wgs) on 32 selected isolates. results: the majority (74.8%) of the isolates wa ...201728751886
oral administration of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ameliorates salmonella infantis-induced inflammation in a pig model via activation of the il-22bp/il-22/stat3 pathway.the high rate of salmonella enterica serovar infantis (s. infantis) infection poses significant risk for the development of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. however, efficient strategies to prevent or treat the infection remain elusive. here, we explored the effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) administration in preventing s. infantis infection in a pig model. probiotic lgg (1.0 × 10(10) cfu/day) was orally administered to newly weaned piglets for 1 week before s. in ...201728770173
in vitro antimicrobial activity screening of xylaria hypoxylon.fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. because of containing several therapeutic agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. the aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of xylaria hypoxylon, which were collected from yomra, trabzon, turkey.201628852719
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