Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [influence of ultrasound on the high-molecular fraction (hmf) of the somatic o-antigen of salmonella gallinarum]. | 1966 | 5956702 | |
| amino acid deficiencies and reaction of chicks to salmonella gallinarum. | 1966 | 5971746 | |
| an investigation of the resistance of white leghorn chicks to salmonella gallinarum. | 1966 | 5972250 | |
| the emergence of a furazolidone-resistant strain of salmonella gallinarum. | 1967 | 6035886 | |
| [effect of therapeutic agents on the antibody titer and allergic reaction in fowl typhoid-pullorum disease]. | studies were carried out on the effect of furazolidon, spectam, esb-3 and altabactin on the production of agglutinins and the initiation and development of an allergic response in chickens affected with pullorum disease. it was found that these preparations, when used three times at intervals of 20 days, in the course of 10 days each time at the respective therapeutic rates led to the decrease in the titer of agglutinins in the treated birds as early as the tenth day from the beginning of treatm ... | 1981 | 6211823 |
| a pilot study of the potency of a combined newcastle disease (fowl pox) fowl typhoid vaccine. i. the newcastle disease component. | 1980 | 6252730 | |
| [erythrocyte antigen for the rapid intravital diagnosis of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease]. | a stable erythrocyte antigen was obtained for the rapid diagnosis of typhoid and pullorum disease in birds, which was tested under laboratory and field conditions. it was found that with the use of whole blood or serum taken from birds that had been either experimentally infected or had died of spontaneous infection of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella enteritidis the erythrocyte antigen was substantially superior to the routinely used colour ordinary test-antigen in terms of time consumed, i ... | 1983 | 6364560 |
| [comparison of the diagnostic indices in poultry treated against fowl typhoid pullorum]. | a study was carried out on the influence of the treatment with furasolidon and altabactin, alone and in combination with spectam and esb3, in naturally infected and chronically suffering from typhus-puporosis fowls. it was proved that the treatment leads to a clinical but not to a epizootological recovery. it was also proved that the treatment of fowls against typhus-pulorosis, did not have any effect on the sensitivity, the specificity and the detectability of the allergic reaction, whereas the ... | 1980 | 6453457 |
| [cocks with experimentally induced acute typhoid]. | acute typhoid infection was induced in cocks of the new hampshire breed at the age of 14 months within the period of intense productivity. bacteriologically, there were in the viscera of cocks died of the acute infection organisms of salmonella gallinarum--the isolates were from the heart, liver, spleen, and testis, while in the viscera of infected birds that were killed no such organisms were isolated. histologically, there were necrobiotic and degenerative lesions in the epithelial cells of th ... | 1984 | 6474821 |
| [relation of salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum auxotrophicity to the ability to grow on simmons' medium]. | a total of 9 s. typhi strains and 1 s. gallinarum strain isolated from clinical material are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan. the growth of s. typhi is accelerated in a glucose- and tryptophan-containing minimal medium with cysteine and methionine added. s. typhi strains are incapable of using sodium citrate as the only source of carbon. s. typhi cannot grow on simmons citrate agar as these organisms are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan and incapable of using sodium citrate as the o ... | 1984 | 6524173 |
| [trial of trimedin action on chickens]. | investigations were carried out with a total of 421 broiler birds (four-line cornish x plymouth rock hydbrids) within the age range of 2 days to 5 weeks. determined was the acute toxicity of the combination sulfadimidine (sdm) + trimetoprim (tmp)--5 + 1 and the water-soluble formula of trimedin following the intraingluvial introduction with week-old birds. ld50 of the combinations sdm+tmp (5+1) was 3980 mg/kg (2780: 5690), and that of trimedin was 2038 mg/kg body mass. the biologic half-life of ... | 1983 | 6607565 |
| [pharmacological, toxicological, microbiological and pathohistological studies of gentamycin complex ii]. | the acute toxicity was determined of the gentamycin complex ii (gmc-ii) for albino mice, containing gentamycin components in a varying ratio. the ld50 at intraperitoneal application was 347.7 mg/kg body mass, while at oral application it was 5,180 mg (4933 divided by 5439) mg/kg body mass. histopathologically, (mice killed with high doses of gmc-ii, given orally) there were diffuse hyperemia of the liver, parenchymal degeneration of the kidney tubuli epithelium, and edema and emphysema of the lu ... | 1983 | 6623911 |
| influence of dietary protein levels on susceptibility of pullets to experimental fowl typhoid. | 1983 | 6637158 | |
| [ampicillin and rivanol in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in chicks]. | 1980 | 6771914 | |
| development of delayed hypersensitivity in gnotobiotic mice. | germ-free mice develop low levels of delayed hypersensitivity following exposure to sensitizing doses of sheep erythrocytes, compared to that seen in conventionally raised mice. infection of the germ-free animal with either salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum was followed by extensive growth of the organisms within the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid organs. as many as 5,000 viable salmonellae were recovered from the cecal and ileal peyer's patches as well as the mesenteric ly ... | 1980 | 6965376 |
| cross protection against fowl typhoid. immunisation trials and humoral immune response. | 1981 | 7016618 | |
| [poultry resistance to typhoid-pullorum disease by sex and breed]. | studied was the resistance of a total of 1729 birds of the leghorn, cornish, and white plymouth rock breeds with regard to typhoid and pullorum disease after the oral infection with strain 2348 of salmonella pullorum and strain 2307 of salmonella gallinarum. in accordance with the manifested clinical picture and the results of the bacteriologic investigations all birds were divided into three groups--unaffected, survived, and died. there existed breed- and sex-associated variations in the resist ... | 1982 | 7168143 |
| [phagocytic activity and antibody formation in relation to the resistance of poultry to fowl typhoid-pullorum disease]. | vulchanov's method (1954) was employed to study the phagocytic activity, and the classic method with the agglutination test served to follow up the production of antibodies. some breed-associated differences were observed in the phagocytic activity and the normal serologic antibody titer prior to the infection with salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. highest were the indices with the leghorn breed, followed by the cornish and plymouth rock breeds. certain breed differences were also e ... | 1982 | 7170772 |
| [biological effects of gamma rays on salmonella gallinarum and their use in controlling fowl typhoid]. | the results are given of following up some biologic effects produced by gamma-rays on salmonella gallinarum with a view of disclosing the possibilities of their use in the control of fowl typhoid. used were strains of salmonella gallinarum isolated from birds affected with acute typhoid. the possibility is stated of the detoxication of an endotoxin of salmonella gallinarum parallel to the growing intensity of the gamma-rays (1 to 10 mrad). it was found that the process of detoxication was better ... | 1982 | 7179730 |
| [serum protein spectrum in chickens with different degrees of resistance to salm. gallinarum, and the relation between globulin levels and antibody formation]. | an experiment was carried out with 231 chickens of the leghorn breed, 177--of the cornish breed, and 532--of the white plymouth rock breed. in order to check the resistance of the birds to typhoid all of them were infected orally at the age of 2.5 months with an 18-hour broth culture of salmonella gallinarum. depending on the clinical course of the disease and the results of the bacteriologic investigations the birds were divided into three groups: a--chickens that did not develop the infection; ... | 1982 | 7182995 |
| furazolidone resistance in salmonella gallinarum: the relationship between in vitro and in vivo determinations of resistance. | of 22 strains of salmonella gallinarum isolated from recent outbreaks of infection in poultry in greece (15). amman (3), kenya (2), lebanon (1) and yemen (1), 20 were more resistant to furazolidone in vitro than 6 strains that had been isolated in the u.k. in the 1950s; the minimum inhibitory concentration of furazolidone was approximately 0.3 microgram/ml for the sensitive strains and 1.3 or 2.5 microgram/ml for the more resistant strains. furazolidone given continuously in the food did not con ... | 1981 | 7252139 |
| studies on the use of 9r strain of salmonella gallinarum as a vaccine in chickens. | the 9r strain of salmonella gallinarum produced hepatitis and splenic lesions without mortality in meat-type and brown-egg-producing strains of chicks, but not in leghorns. it was not recovered from leghorns for as long following vaccination as from the other strains of chicks. the infectivity of the 9r strain was determined by the genetic susceptibility and age of the host. subcutaneous vaccination of 9r produced partial immunity to s. gallinarum in leghorns as well as in meat-type and brown-eg ... | 1981 | 7271663 |
| the influence of native gut microflora on the colonization and infection of salmonella gallinarum in chickens. | a native intestinal microflora of chickens that is protective against paratyphoid salmonellae appeared to be partially protective against salmonella gallinarum and abbreviated the excretion time of s. gallinarum in white leghorn chicks. treated birds had a lower incidence of systemic infection measured by liver and spleen culture, and fewer birds developed infection in the intestinal tract. most of the chickens positive by cloacal swabs excreted s. gallinarum throughout the test period. the low ... | 1981 | 7271664 |
| cross-protection against fowl typhoid. ii. hypersensitivity reactions and quantitative estimation of the elimination of the challenge organisms. | 1981 | 7274524 | |
| [effect of feed proteins on serum proteins in poultry infected with s. gallinarum pullorum]. | the effect was studied of the protein component of feed on the serum-protein profile in a salmonella gallinarum pullorum infection on a model of birds of the leghorn and cornish breeds, participating in three age groups. in terms of feeding the birds were divided into two groups: i - controls, fed standard mixtures, and ii - test birds, fed mixtures of low protein amounts. the birds were bled at definite intervals following their inoculations. the total proteins of the blood serum were determine ... | 1981 | 7340110 |
| some epidemiological aspects of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | 1981 | 7342580 | |
| [relation between the dietary proteins in animal feed and agglutinin formation in chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum pullorum]. | experiments were carried out with birds of the leghorn and cornish breeds, aged 2, 45, and 120 days and divided into two groups: i--birds given standard mixtures, and ii--birds fed mixtures with a higher content of proteins. both groups were infected with salmonella gallinarum pullorum. at given intervals of time after that the chickens were bled, and their agglutinin titer was determined by the agglutination reaction. it was found that agglutinin production in all birds correlated with the amou ... | 1981 | 7344280 |
| influence of time of exposure to high levels of minerals on the susceptibility of chicks to salmonella gallinarum. | mercury, 500 ppm; cadmium, 100 ppm; vanadium, 25 ppm; copper, 1,000 ppm; or selenium, 20 ppm were fed to chicks for various times before and after inoculation with s. gallinarum. these levels have been found to be toxic to chicks as indicated by reduced growth. when the feeding of the elements was discontinued at the time of inoculation, early mortality was increased but the effects tended to diminish as the experiment progressed. the elements had no effect on mortality if the feeding was discon ... | 1980 | 7359214 |
| [differentiation of salmonella gallinarum rough and smooth strains using gas chromatography analysis of their cell-bound fatty acids]. | the whole cell fatty acids of 7 field isolates of smooth (s)-type s. gallinarum strains and 3 isolates of rough (r)-type s. gallinarum strain 9r were determined by the liquid-gas-chromatography using the microbial identification system (mis, microbial id, inc. [midi, newark, delaware usa]). the profiles of the bacterial cellular fatty acids of the s- and r-type isolates differ in the number as well as in the quantity of the fatty acids. on the basis of these differences the s-type isolates could ... | 1995 | 7495417 |
| host restriction phenotypes of salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum phenotypes correlated with mouse host restriction have been identified by using in vitro and in vivo systems. s. typhi is capable of entering the murine intestinal epithelium via m cells, as is salmonella typhimurium, which causes systemic infection in the mouse. but, unlike s. typhimurium, s. typhi does not destroy the epithelium and is cleared from the peyer's patches soon after m-cell entry. s. gallinarum appears to be incapable of entering the murin ... | 1995 | 7591067 |
| detection of salmonella gallinarum and s. typhimurium dna in experimentally infected chicks by polymerase chain reaction. | dna detection with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a mean of identifying salmonella infection in chickens was compared with the conventional culture procedure. dna was extracted from organs of experimentally infected chicks with either s. gallinarum or s. typhimurium. the pair of primers used were those directed at the inva gene. bacteria isolation was done by inoculating the pre-enrichment media with samples. as was expected a 284 bp fragment dna was amplified from extracted dna of infected ... | 1995 | 7756427 |
| host specificity of salmonella infection in chickens and mice is expressed in vivo primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system. | by experimental infection, host-specific salmonella serotypes were shown to demonstrate specificities for chickens, mice, and other laboratory animals. following oral inoculation, four strains of salmonella gallinarum and two s. pullorum strains, isolated from diseased poultry, were more virulent for chickens than for mice. by contrast, four strains each of s. choleraesuis and s. dublin, isolated from diseased pigs and cattle, respectively, were more virulent for mice than for chickens. these re ... | 1994 | 7927727 |
| use of live and inactivated salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 vaccines to immunise laying hens against experimental infection. | four groups of dekalb delta commercial layer hens (8 hens per group) were reared individually in cages in an isolation unit. at the age of 8 weeks, groups 1 and 2 were vaccinated with 9r salmonella gallinarum live (9r live) vaccine. at the age of 18 weeks, group 1 was re-vaccinated with 9r live s. enteritidis vaccine, while groups 2 and 3 were vaccinated with s. enteritidis bacterin. at the age of 22 weeks, groups 2 and 3 were re-vaccinated with s. enteritidis bacterin. group 4 was not vaccinate ... | 1994 | 7949358 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of a gene involved in salmonella adherence and invasion of cultured epithelial cells. | our laboratories have independently identified a gene in salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium that is necessary for efficient adherence and entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells. introduction of a mutated gene into several salmonella strains belonging to different serotypes rendered these organisms deficient for adherence and invasion of cultured cells. this effect was most pronounced in the host-adapted serotypes salmonella gallinarum, s. choleraesuis, and salmon ... | 1993 | 8382333 |
| ethiopian traditional herbal drugs. part ii: antimicrobial activity of 63 medicinal plants. | a total of 315 extracts/fractions from 63 traditionally used ethiopian plants were subjected to antimicrobial screening using known strains of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella gallinarum, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and candida albicans. the agar plate well-diffusion method was used at a sample concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml; it was found that all of the plants showed activity against one or more of the microorganism(s). direct aqueous ... | 1993 | 8412246 |
| evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to estimate chromosomal genotypic diversity and relationships among 131 isolates of the non-motile salmonella biotypes gallinarum and pullorum (serotype 1, 9, 12:-:-) that cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. thirteen electrophoretic types (ets), marking clones, were distinguished, and construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree revealed three lineages: one consisted of five ets of gallinarum, a second included seven ets ... | 1993 | 8429538 |
| resistance to salmonella gallinarum, s. pullorum, and s. enteritidis in inbred lines of chickens. | chickens of six inbred lines were inoculated intramuscularly with a range of doses of either salmonella gallinarum, s. pullorum, or s. enteritidis, and levels of mortality were compared. for each serotype, large differences in mean lethal doses were observed for the different lines: lines that had previously been shown to be resistant to s. typhimurium were also found to be resistant to s. gallinarum, s. pullorum, and s. enteritidis, and lines susceptible to s. typhimurium were also more suscept ... | 1993 | 8452495 |
| construction of an aroa mutant of salmonella serotype gallinarum: its effectiveness in immunization against experimental fowl typhoid. | an aroa mutant was produced from a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum, the causative agent of fowl typhoid in poultry, by tn10 insertional inactivation and deletion. the mutant was highly attenuated for chickens. a single intramuscular immunization of 2-week-old chickens with 10(7) mutant organisms reduced mortality following oral challenge with 10(8) organisms of the parent strain from 63 to 30%. in a second experiment multiple immunizations with 10(8) mutant organisms reduced mortality a ... | 1993 | 8470431 |
| research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ... | 1993 | 8479960 |
| dna fingerprint analysis of standard, intermediate, and variant antigenic types of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum. | dna fingerprint profiles and antigenic types of 150 salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum field isolates and seven reference strains were evaluated. field isolates were submitted to the national veterinary services laboratories (nvsl), ames, iowa, between oct. 1, 1990, and aug. 20, 1991. three antigenic types (standard [n = 96], intermediate [n = 50], and variant [n = 4]) were identified among the field isolates. the ncii fingerprint profiles of all field isolates were identical ... | 1995 | 8561745 |
| reduction in incidence of experimental fowl typhoid by incorporation of a commercial formic acid preparation (bio-add) into poultry feed. | the experiment described evaluated the effect of a commercial in-feed preparation (bio-add) involving a mixture of formic acid and propionic acid on the incidence of experimental fowl typhoid in groups of 41 and 42 1-wk-old rhode island red chickens. the chickens were infected through contact with 12 identical chickens that had been inoculated orally with 10(8) cfu of salmonella gallinarum strain 9. the incidence of mortality and morbidity due to fowl typhoid was 31/41 (76%) in birds given untre ... | 1996 | 8778726 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by their whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profiles. | the whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of salmonella (s.) gallinarum and salmonella (s.) pullorum strains were compared in the computer-linked gas-liquid chromatography. the profiles of whole cellular fames allow the separation and identification s. gallinarum and s. pullorum by the microbial identification system and so can be used for their differentiation. | 1996 | 8794698 |
| [antimicrobial activity and interaction with dna of medicinal plants from the peruvian amazon region]. | decoctions of four plants used for the treatment of different infections by indigenous groups of the peruvian amazon, i.e. abuta grandifolia, cyperus articulatus, gnaphalium spicatum and pothomorphe peltata were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the "stroke method" in agar plates. tested organisms included staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, salmonella gallinarum, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans, pseudomonas aeruginosa and mycobacterium gordonae. all decoctions showed antimicr ... | 1995 | 8850132 |
| immunoprophylaxis of salmonella gallinarum infection by salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines in broiler chicks. | research on the control of intestinal and tissue colonization of breeder and table-egg producing flocks by invasive salmonella enteritidis (se) has focused on the advancement of anti-salmonella feed additives, microbiological strategies, and the development of vaccines. recent investigations in our laboratories have concentrated on the development of immunoprophylactic measures to control salmonella infections. we have found an increased resistance to salmonella enteritidis (se) organ infectivit ... | 1997 | 9192048 |
| status of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections in poultry in zambia. | ten outbreaks of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections on poultry farms in zambia were investigated. three cases were seen in day-old broiler chickens and were diagnosed by culture as s. gallinarum-pullorum and characterized as pullorum disease because the mortality was only in the first few weeks. another case was diagnosed by culture from broiler parent stock. day-old chicks from two of the three cases were supplied by a hatchery. five cases in 5-to-18-month-old layer chickens were diagnos ... | 1997 | 9201422 |
| lead disrupts eicosanoid metabolism, macrophage function, and disease resistance in birds. | lead (pb) affects elements of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and diminishes host resistance to infectious disease. evidence is presented supporting a hypothesis of pb-induced immunosuppression stemming from altered fatty acid metabolism, and mediated by eicosanoids and macrophages (mo). chronic pb exposure increases the proportion of arachidonate (ara) among fatty acids in lipid from avian tissues, and this change provides precursors for eicosanoids, the oxygenated derivatives of ara that m ... | 1997 | 9404672 |
| [salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infection of poultry: experiences in switzerland]. | 37 salmonella gallinarum-pullorum-strains were isolated from dead poultry between 1986 and 1996. all strains except one belonged to the biovar pullorum. 33 isolates were from fancy poultry flocks, four from backyard flocks. 10 of 12 chicks and 10 of 25 adult birds showed clinical signs of disease. the growing significance of fancy and backyard flocks as a reservoir for s. gallinarum-pullorum is emphasized in view of the increase in free range management of commercial layer and broiler flocks. | 1997 | 9480540 |
| the presence of genes homologous to the k88 genes faeh and faei on the virulence plasmid of salmonella gallinarum. | a tn3 insertion mutation was produced in the virulence plasmid of a strain of salmonella gallinarum which conferred avirulence by parenteral and oral routes but which was also less invasive following oral inoculation. the transposon was found to have inserted near an open reading frame (orf) with no homologies in the data banks. this orf was adjacent to two additional orf's with a high degree of homology of escherichia coli genes encoding the minor structural subunits (faeh and faei) of the k88 ... | 1998 | 9503619 |
| variants of smooth salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grow to higher cell density than the wild type are more virulent. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grows to a higher cell density (se-hcd) than wild type while retaining o-chain lipopolysaccharide was isolated by transforming wild type serovar enteritidis with the cell density sensor plasmid psb402 and selecting for bioluminescence. a luminescent strain, se-hcd, that emitted light in proportion with cell density and opacity through stationary phase was isolated. after a peak cell density of 1.5 x 10(11) cfu/ml was observed, luminescence decreased, ... | 1998 | 9603830 |
| protection of chickens against experimental fowl typhoid using a nuog mutant of salmonella serotype gallinarum. | a nuog mutation in nadh dehydrogenase i was introduced into a virulent strain of salmonella serotype gallinarum, the causative agent of fowl typhoid, using gene replacement with a nuog open reading frame inactivated by insertion of dna encoding a kanamycin resistance determinant. the s. gallinarum nuog mutant, named sg9ngk, was highly attenuated in chickens. sg9ngk colonized the caeca of chickens less efficiently than the s. gallinarum parental strain, was less invasive and showed no evidence of ... | 1998 | 9682335 |
| comparison of immune responses of two salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in kenya. | the immune responses of two s. gallinarum strains, l46 and cn 180, were compared in 15-week-old cockerels. the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were assayed by means of the indirect haemagglutination test (iha) and the macrophage migration inhibition test (mit), respectively. birds were vaccinated with the two vaccines, respectively, and bled for sera (for iha) and cells (for mit) every week up to the seventh week, post vaccination, then every alternate week, three times, and later onc ... | 1998 | 9741049 |
| effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture (preempt) on mortality and horizontal transmission of salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens. | a commercial competitive exclusion (ce) culture (preempt) was evaluated for its ability to decrease mortality during the first 10-12 days posthatch resulting from the causative agent of fowl typhoid, salmonella gallinarum. in the first experiment, chicks provided the ce culture on day of hatch and challenged with 10(5) s. gallinarum on day 3 had a significant decrease in mortality compared with non-ce-treated s. gallinarum-challenged chicks in all four replicates. mortality for control chicks wh ... | 1998 | 9876831 |
| lactobacilli isolated from chicken intestines: potential use as probiotics. | lactobacillus strains were tested for their in vitro probiotic properties. cell surface hydrophobicity was found to be very high for lactobacillus fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and salmonella gallinarum; high values could indicate a greater ability to adhere to epithelial cells. studies on lactobacillus animalis indicated relative cell surface hydrophobicities smaller than those of l. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and l. fermentum. l. animalis and enterococcus faecalis were able to coaggregate wit ... | 1999 | 10090244 |
| purification and characterization of phospholipase c of salmonella gallinarum. | phospholipase c was isolated from an outbreak strain of salmonella gallinarum with ciprofloxacin extraction, dialysis, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing. purified phospholipase c (mol wt. 65 kda; isoelectric point, pi 3.5) was resistant to pasteurization, stomach enzyme (pepsin), bacterial protease and lipase but lost its activity on trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment. it was sensitive to ph > or = 8.0. it was haemolytic, embryotoxic, enterohaemorrhagic, lethal to ... | 1998 | 10093508 |
| salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus). | in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ... | 1999 | 10204223 |
| vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry. | salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ... | 1999 | 10418900 |
| differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic). | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ... | 2000 | 10739340 |
| phosphine generation by mixed- and monoseptic-cultures of anaerobic bacteria. | a microbial basis for bioreductive generation of phosphine is proposed, which could account at least in part for the presence of this toxic gas in natural anaerobic environments and in sewage and landfill gases. phosphine generation under anaerobic growth conditions was dependent upon both the culture inoculum source (animal faeces) and enrichment culture conditions. phosphine was detected in headspace gases from mixed cultures under conditions promoting fermentative growth of mixed acid and but ... | 2000 | 10811253 |
| fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. | fowl typhoid (ft) and pullorum disease (pd) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by gram negative bacteria, salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum, respectively. clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. in mature fowl, ft and pd are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. gross and microscopic lesions due to ft and pd in chicks and poults ... | 2000 | 10935271 |
| ostrich diseases. | scientific knowledge of ostrich diseases is incomplete and very fragmented, with specific details on technical aspects of diagnostic and/or screening tests completely absent in most cases. salmonella typhimurium is common in multispecies collections and causes mortality in chicks younger than three months on commercial farms, but is rarely found in chicks older than six months, or slaughter birds of twelve to fourteen months in southern africa. campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia psittaci are occ ... | 2000 | 10935285 |
| competitive exclusion of salmonella enteritidis by salmonella gallinarum in poultry. | salmonella enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. epidemiologic data from england, wales, and the united states indicate that s. enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of s. gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. we tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in germany and demonstrated that the number of human s. enteritidis cases is inversely related to the preva ... | 2000 | 10998373 |
| differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in the chicken. type iii secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger th ... | 2000 | 11101679 |
| health status of northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) in eastern kansas. | the health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from lyon county, kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. serologic tests for antibodies to salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. intestinal coccidia (eimeria spp.) wer ... | 2000 | 11195653 |
| serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens. | serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in ohio and indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), paramyxovirus (pmv) 2, pmv3, pmv7, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), bordetella avium, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella typhimurium. one ostrich had antibodies to aiv h5n9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to ... | 2000 | 11195659 |
| bacterial colonization and endotoxin activity during experimental acute fowl typhoid in chickens. | bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens. these parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (cfu) and the limulus amebocyte lysate test (lal), respectively. birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 10(9) cfu/ml of wild strain of s. gallinarum isolated from a dead hen. approximately 1,5 x 10(2); 1,3 x 10(2) and 1,2 x 10(2) cfu of s. gallinarum were recorded f ... | 2000 | 11206397 |
| studies of the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella. | to study the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella, a mathematical model has been developed which permits a definition and experimental investigation of the specific interaction between the adapted serovar and the adequate host. after experimental infection using a mixture of equal parts of two salmonella strains, a and b, the bacterial concentrations ca and cb were determined in the organs of the animals infected. if an animal of species a and an animal of species b are infected with the ... | 2000 | 11244872 |
| vaccination against salmonella enteritidis in dutch commercial layer flocks with a vaccine based on a live salmonella gallinarum 9r strain: evaluation of efficacy, safety, and performance of serologic salmonella tests. | this study describes a field trial in which 80 commercial layer flocks, with an increased risk of salmonella enteritidis (se) infection and placed on farms with a certified standardized biosecurity programme (sbp) or a request for a sbp certificate, were vaccinated with a vaccine based on a live attenuated salmonella gallinarum (sg) 9r strain. an evaluation is presented of the efficacy of the vaccine against se infections, the effect on the performance of serologic salmonella tests, and the spre ... | 2001 | 11332503 |
| isolation and characterization of salmonella gallinarum cytotoxic factors. | two distinct cytotoxic factors isolated from a salmonella gallinarum strain recovered from a bird died during an outbreak of fowl typhoid were purified to homogeneity through ciprofloxacin extraction, salt precipitation, dialysis, gelfiltration, ionexchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. these were designated as salmonella gallinarum cytotoxin i (gct-i) and ii (gct-ii). gct-i was a glycoprotein having mol.wt and pi of ca 70 kda and 8.8, respectively. it was lethal to birds (ld50, 150 micro ... | 2000 | 11395962 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system but not the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system for virulence in chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a host-specific serotype that causes the severe systemic disease fowl typhoid in domestic poultry and a narrow range of other avian species but rarely causes disease in mammalian hosts. specificity of the disease is primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system, but few virulence factors have been described other than the requirement for an 85-kb virulence plasmid. in this work, by making functional mutations in the type iii secretion systems ... | 2001 | 11500419 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella species from stool specimens. | the performance of bbl chromagar salmonella (becton dickinson, france), a new selective chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella spp., was evaluated. on this medium, which is a modification of chromagar salmonella (chromagar microbiology, france) with enhanced selectivity, the colonies of salmonella are stained in mauve (rose-violet), while those of other organisms appear in blue-green or are not stained by any of the chromogens of the medium. the medium ... | 2001 | 11681435 |
| classification of grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions seen at postmortem in canadian poultry abattoirs according to a hazard identification decision tree. | this study was designed to review all grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions (gdacs) encountered in poultry in canadian abattoirs to determine which have potential to cause adverse health effects for the consumer. review of the literature and consultation with scientists in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, poultry pathology, chemistry, and meat inspection served to generate an inventory of gdacs, and a decision tree containing algorithms was developed to identify gdacs potential ... | 2001 | 11770626 |
| the spread of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine strain under field conditions. | a live vaccine based on an attenuated salmonella gallinarum 9r strain is in use in a salmonella enteritidis control program in commercial layer flocks in the netherlands. in a field study, the potential spread of the vaccine strain from vaccinated flocks to nonvaccinated flocks has been studied after both the primary and the booster injection at four different rearing farms and at one layer farm. the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated flocks were monitored at regular intervals by bacteriologic and ... | 2001 | 11785873 |
| efficacy of crude extract of aloe secundiflora against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected free-range chickens in tanzania. | the ethnoveterinary use of aloe species extract in free-range local chickens against fowl typhoid was investigated. five-months-old local chickens, free of antibodies against fowl typhoid were used. the chickens were randomly assorted into five groups including pretreated and infected (g1, n=21), infected and untreated (g2, n=21), infected and treated (g3, n=21), untreated and uninfected (g4, n=10) and treated uninfected (g5, n=10). groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with 5.0 x 10(8) c.f.u/ml of ... | 2002 | 11849835 |
| virulence analysis of a salmonella gallinarum strain by oral inoculation of 20-day-old chickens. | in order to know the effect of in vitro passages on the pathogenicity of the salmonella gallinarum strain inta 91, a lyophilized culture was compared with the same strain recently isolated from a sick bird. the mean lethal dose (ld50) of the orally administered lyophilized culture was determined as 2.04 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/chicken. there was no correlation between the ld50 dose and the degree of disease produced; doses 10 or 100 times higher than the calculated ld50 did not produc ... | 2002 | 11922332 |
| nucleotide and amino acid sequences of orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions and mobilization of virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, gallinarum-pullorum, and typhimurium. | the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum (pspv) but not those of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis (psev) and typhimurium (pstv) can be readily mobilized by an f or f-like conjugative plasmid. to investigate the reason for the difference, the orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions of the three salmonella virulence plasmids (psvs) were cloned and their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were examined. the cloned fragments were generally mobilized mor ... | 2002 | 12003924 |
| comparative pathogenesis of experimental infections with salmonella gallinarum in local and commercial chickens. | the pathogenicity of a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum was studied in local chickens and commercial layers. sixty 4-month-old chickens were used. of these, 50 chickens were orally infected with s. gallinarum, comprising 25 commercial layers and 25 local chickens. five chickens in each group were used as uninfected negative controls. the clinical signs and pathological features of acute, subacute and chronic fowl typhoid were observed in both groups. chickens in both groups seroconverted ... | 2002 | 12094675 |
| surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. | we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ... | 2002 | 12133620 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies of genetic resistance to systemic salmonellosis in the chicken encoded by the sal1 locus. | a number of inbred lines of chickens have been shown to be resistant or susceptible to systemic salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in adult birds, or by s. enterica serovar enteritidis and s. enterica serovar typhimurium in young chicks. resistant lines show only moderate pathology and low mortality rates, whereas susceptible lines display extensive pathological changes and higher levels of mortality following salmonella infection. genetic resistance to salmonellosis ... | 2002 | 12361910 |
| distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum. | fowl typhoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in korea. due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by pcr and direct sequencing, respectively. ou ... | 2002 | 12383639 |
| serological monitoring of 40 swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. | rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen swiss fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents. for this purpose, 1,002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested. ten percent of the samples were positive for salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. more than 75% of the flocks had antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum/mycoplasma synoviae, infectiou ... | 2002 | 12396360 |
| differential diagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum using pcr-relp. | salmonellosis in poultry of korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. the most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar s. gallinarum and s. pullorum. traditional methods used to detect salmoenella spp. in chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of salmonella serogroup d was assessed. we first amplified the rfbs genes by ... | 2001 | 12441691 |
| comparison of intestinal invasion and macrophage response of salmonella gallinarum and other host-adapted salmonella enterica serovars in the avian host. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the host specific infection of salmonella gallinarum in chickens and to determine the contribution of intestinal invasion and macrophage survival in relation to systemic infection in the host. this was carried out by comparing the kinetics of infection of s. gallinarum to that of other salmonella host-adapted (s. cholerae-suis, s. dublin and s. typhimurium) and host-specific (s. pullorum and s. abortus-ovis) serovars. establishment of the rate of co ... | 2003 | 12488070 |
| comparison of the immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection between naked neck chickens and a commercial chicken line. | the immune responses of indigenous naked neck (nana and nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a salmonella gallinarum (sg) infection were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial line (b-380). groups of 28-day-old chickens (nana, nana, nana, and b-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 microg of sg antigens. control non-immunized animals were inoculated with sterile saline solution. all chickens were challenged with 1 ld(50) of sg and mortality was recorded ... | 2003 | 12745372 |
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| food as a vehicle of infection; the effect of variations in the diet on the induction of salmonella gallinarum infection. | 1954 | 13208934 | |
| observations on experimental fowl typhoid. | 1955 | 13233365 | |
| the chemotherapy of experimental fowl typhoid in fowls (gallus domesticus). | 1955 | 13233366 | |
| the isolation of salmonella gallinarum in wild birds. | 1955 | 13242673 | |
| the longevity of salmonella gallinarum in the faeces of infected chickens. | 1955 | 13242676 | |
| antigenic studies using ammonium sulfate. iv. the sedimentation effect of ammonium sulfate on salmonella gallinarum. | 1956 | 13340122 | |
| [invalidness of the distinction between salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum and their mutual biochemical variants]. | 1956 | 13340328 | |
| the effect of high levels of vitamins on the resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. | 1955 | 13340620 | |
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| the use of live vaccines in experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens with observations on their interference effect. | 1956 | 13367409 | |
| the immunity to salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens produced by live cultures of members of the salmonella genus. | 1956 | 13367410 | |
| antigenic analysis of d-valine adapted salmonella gallinarum. | 1956 | 13376505 | |
| the effect of feeding different levels of protein concentrates on the susceptibility of chickens to salmonella gallinarum infection. | 1957 | 13406119 | |
| [vaccination against avian typhosis with killed vaccine does not interfere with the serological identification of fowl typhoid]. | 2013 | 13413610 | |
| attempt to stimulate lymphatic gland changes of fowl typhoid with adrenal cortex extract. | 1957 | 13465781 | |
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