Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [electron microscopic structure of erwinia carotovora moderate phage 59 and its dna]. | electron microscopic examinations showed the moderate phage 59 erwinia carotovora to consist of a head of icosahedral shape 50.0+/- +/-2.5 nm in diameter, a noncontractile process 150.0+/-3.5 nm in length and 8.2+/-1.0 nm in diameter with a basal plate of 20.0+/-1,5 nm. the head of the virion of 45.9 x 10(3) nm3 in volume is formed by 812 morphological subunits about 3.0 nm in diameter; the number of structural subunits is 4860 on the basis of triangulation number (81). the process of the virus ... | 1982 | 7123916 |
| [isolation and characteristics of a new temperate phage ec-3 of erwinia carotovora]. | 1982 | 7154993 | |
| [enterobacterial taxonomy: erwinia carotovora and yersinia enterocolitica]. | the immunotyping of the intracellular protein complex in enterobacteria has allowed to reveal that the intracellular proteins of e. carotovora and y. enterocolitica possess an antigenic profile characteristics of bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. e. carotovora are similar to the main group of enterobacteria (escherichia, shigella, salmonella, enterobacter, klebsiella, citrobacter, arizona) in the degree of the antigenic homology of their intracellular protein complex. y. enter ... | 1981 | 7293572 |
| microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. biosynthetic utilization of ethanolamine for lipid synthesis by bacteria. | 1. ten bacteria utilizing [2-14c]ethanol-2-amine as the sole or major source of nitrogen for growth on glycerol + salts medium incorporated radioactivity into a variety of bacterial substances. a high proportion was commonly found in lipid fractions, particularly in the case of erwinia carotovora. 2. detailed studies of [14c]ethanolamine incorporation into lipids by five bacteria, including e. carotovora, showed that all detectable lipids were labelled. even where phosphatidylethanolamine was th ... | 1980 | 7370003 |
| interaction between age of maize plants, environmental factors, and inoculum strength of erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi on the extent of stalk rot incidence. | for optimum disease incidence and maximum mortality of maize plants, due to erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.) dye, a temperature of 35 degrees c accompanied with 70 per cent humidity and inoculum potency of 2 x 10(8) cells/ml were essential for younger plants of 15 and 30 days of age. on the other hand, 45- and 60-day-old plants, due to acquisition of a certain degree of maturity, although responding and showing maximum disease symptoms at the same temperature of 35 degree ... | 1980 | 7376756 |
| [biological and physicochemical properties of virulent and temperate phages of erwinia carotovora]. | 1980 | 7382866 | |
| [certain features of ornithine decarboxylase biosynthesis by erwinia carotovora 438]. | 1980 | 7402100 | |
| [study of the transfecting properties of the dna of virulent and moderate erwinia carotovora phages]. | 1980 | 7402109 | |
| studies on the preservation of erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.) dye cultures. | it can be concluded that the maize stalk rot pathogen erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.). dye retained its viability and infectivity for three years when kept in sterile distilled water at low temperature. | 1980 | 7424221 |
| [physicochemical properties of the dna of virulent and moderate erwinia carotovora phages]. | 1980 | 7432206 | |
| sensitivity of some erwinia carotovora serogroups to macromolecular bacteriocins. | representative strains from each of 18 erwinia carotovora serogroups were tested for bacteriocin activity. eight bacteriocin producing strains were found and the bacteriocins partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and high-speed centrifugation. bacteriocins from all eight strains were morphologically similar to bacteriophage tails. specific absorption of bacteriocins from one of the antagonistic strains to sensitive bacterial cells was demonstrated with electron microscopy. in four ... | 1980 | 7459719 |
| [localization of ornithine decarboxylase in the cell of erwinia carotovora 438]. | 1980 | 7464573 | |
| the bacterial 'enigma': cracking the code of cell-cell communication. | in recent years it has become clear that the production of n-acyl homoserine lactones (n-ahls) is widespread in gram-negative bacteria. these molecules act as diffusible chemical communication signals (bacterial pheromones) which regulate diverse physiological processes including bioluminescence, antibiotic production, plasmid conjugal transfer and synthesis of exoenzyme virulence factors in plant and animal pathogens. the paradigm for n-ahl production is in the bioluminescence (lux) phenotype o ... | 1995 | 7476157 |
| human protein disulfide isomerase functionally complements a dsba mutation and enhances the yield of pectate lyase c in escherichia coli. | human pdi was expressed to the escherichia coli periplasm, by using a plasmid encoded ompa-pdi fusion under the control of the trp promoter. periplasmic extracts were shown to contain active pdi using the scrambled ribonuclease assay. pdi activity was also demonstrated by complementation of two phenotypes associated with a dsba mutation. alkaline phosphatase activity, which is reduced in dsba cells, was restored to wild type levels by pdi. pelc, a pectate lyase from erwinia carotovora, was shown ... | 1995 | 7499315 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica serogroup i: specificity and epitope analysis. | the characteristics of two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), a23/1221.59.44.d.3 (1221) and a23/1239.36.64.e.2 (1239), against erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica serogroup i produced in this study were compared with those of two other independently obtained mabs, 4g4 in spain and 4f6 in canada, using different strains as immunogen and different screening procedures. the reaction pattern of mabs 1221 and 1239 determined by indirect elisa on over 200 bacterial strains including five e.c. atroseptica ... | 1995 | 7538107 |
| [mapping chromosomes of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2]. | two hfr-like donor strains of bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (eca) 3-2 were developed by integration into the chromosome of the conjugative plasmid r471a via homology with transposon tn9. using these and two donor strains created earlier, we constructed the genetic map of a fragment of the chromosome of strain eca 3-2. the location of 14 loci is shown in this map. | 1995 | 7590201 |
| [a circular genetic map of chromosomes from erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2]. | a circular genetic map of the bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2 was constructed on the basis of the r471a plasmid and tn5 and tn9 using hfr-like donors. forty-six genes, including phytopathogenicity genes, were located on the basis of interrupted mating experiment results and analysis of coinheritance of markers on a map of 183 min in length. the similarity and differences of chromosomal genetic maps of erwinia genus bacteria are discussed. | 1995 | 7590213 |
| temporal and spatial regulation of flip, an early flagellar gene of caulobacter crescentus that is required for motility and normal cell division. | in caulobacter crescentus, the genes encoding a single polar flagellum are expressed under cell cycle control. in this report, we describe the characterization of two early class ii flagellar genes contained in the orfx-flip locus. strains containing mutations in this locus exhibit a filamentous growth phenotype and fail to express class iii and iv flagellar genes. a complementing dna fragment was sequenced and found to contain two potential open reading frames. the first, orfx, is predicted to ... | 1995 | 7601828 |
| characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa flio, a gene involved in flagellar biosynthesis and adherence. | pseudomonas aeruginosa binds to eukaryotic cells via both pilus and nonpilus adhesins, while binding of p. aeruginosa to mucin is pilus independent. to characterize genes involved in non-pilus-mediated adherence, transposon mutants of the nonpiliated strain p. aeruginosa pak-np that are unable to bind to cells or mucins were isolated. two such mutants, p. aeruginosa b164 and p. aeruginosa rr18, were identified previously as deficient in binding to eukaryotic cells or mucins as well as nonmotile. ... | 1995 | 7622217 |
| the hrp gene locus of pseudomonas solanacearum, which controls the production of a type iii secretion system, encodes eight proteins related to components of the bacterial flagellar biogenesis complex. | five transcription units of the pseudomonas solanacearum hrp gene cluster are required for the secretion of the hr-inducing popa1 protein. the nucleotide sequences of two of these, units 1 and 3, have been reported. here, we present the nucleotide sequence of the three other transcription units, units 2, 4 and 7, which are together predicted to code for 15 hrp genes. this brings the total number of hrp proteins encoded by these five transcription units to 20, including hrpb, the positive regulat ... | 1995 | 7623665 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gyra gene from the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | the gyra gene of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has been cloned and sequenced. the deduced protein possessed 86% identity with the escherichia coli gyra protein. e. carotovora gyra was also shown to complement an e. coli gyra43ts mutation. | 1995 | 7642123 |
| inactivation of rsma leads to overproduction of extracellular pectinases, cellulases, and proteases in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the absence of the starvation/cell density-sensing signal, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. | the soft-rotting bacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, produces extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase isozymes (pels), cellulase (cel), polygalacturonase (peh), and protease (prt). while the extracellular levels of these enzymes are extremely low when the bacterium is grown in salts-yeast extract-glycerol (syg) medium, the enzymatic activities are highly induced in syg medium supplemented with celery extract. by transposon (mini-tn5) mutagenesis, we isolated a rsma- mutant, a ... | 1995 | 7646031 |
| characterization of a pathogen-induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection. | we have isolated a cdna encoding a catalase (cat2st) by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from potato roots infected with the cyst nematode globodera pallida. expression analysis confirmed the local induction of cat2st and showed that it was highest at the adult stage of the parasite. it also revealed that cat2st was induced in uninfected roots, stems, and leaves of infected plants. localized and systemic induction of cat2st was also observed upon root-knot nematode (meloidogy ... | 1995 | 7655060 |
| identification of a global repressor gene, rsma, of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora that controls extracellular enzymes, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, and pathogenicity in soft-rotting erwinia spp. | the production of extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase (peh), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt) is activated by the cell density (quorum)-sensing signal, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (hsl); plant signals; and aep genes during postexponential growth of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. studies with mutants of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 derepressed in exoenzyme production led to the identification of a negative regulator gene, rsma (rsm, r ... | 1995 | 7665490 |
| carbapenem antibiotic production in erwinia carotovora is regulated by carr, a homologue of the luxr transcriptional activator. | strain gs101 of erwinia carotovora makes the carbapenem antibiotic, 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. mutants defective in antibiotic production can be assigned to two groups, group 1 and group 2. group 2 mutants are defective in the carl gene encoding a protein responsible for synthesis of the lux autoinducer n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl), which is required to induce carbapenem synthesis in strain gs101. in this paper we describe the molecular genetic analysis of the group 1 mu ... | 1995 | 7711893 |
| nucleotide sequence, organization and expression of rdga and rdgb genes that regulate pectin lyase production in the plant pathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in response to dna-damaging agents. | in most soft-rotting erwinia spp., including e. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 (ecc71), production of the plant cell wall degrading enzyme pectin lyase (pnl) is activated by dna-damaging agents such as mitomycin c (mc). induction of pnl production in ecc71 requires a functional reca gene and the rdg locus. dna sequencing and rna analyses revealed that the rdg locus contains two regulatory genes, rdga and rdgb, in separate transcriptional units. there is high homology between rdga and rep ... | 1994 | 7715460 |
| structure and regulation of the erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora scc3193 cellulase gene celv1 and the role of cellulase in phytopathogenicity. | the celv1 gene encoding a secreted cellulase (celv1) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora scc3193 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. the gene contains an open reading frame of 1511 bp and codes for an exported protein of 504 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence of celv1 was highly similar to that of celv of another e. c. subsp. carotovora strain scr1193 but completely different from the previously characterized cellulase, cels, of the strain scc3193. gene fusions to ... | 1995 | 7715600 |
| [expression of pectate lyase genes of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 17a and erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 36a in erwinia carotovor substp. atroseptica 36a cells]. | e.atroseptica 36a cells were transformed by the recombinant plasmids p27-1 and pea364 (derivatives of the vector plasmid puc19) containing pectate lyase genes of e.carotovora 17a and e.atroseptica 36a, respectively. the synthesis of pectate lyases determined by the cloned genes of bacteria of both subspecies, as well as the synthesis of the native enzymes, were induced by sodium poly pectate. increase of the dose of pectate lyase genes did not result in alteration of pectate lyase secretion by e ... | 1994 | 7739592 |
| characterization of a novel pectate lyase from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | the pectate lyase (pel, ec 4.2.2.2) isoenzyme profile of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was characterized by isoelectric focusing, and the corresponding genes coding for four different exported pels were cloned. the nucleotide sequence of the pelb gene encoding one of these isoenzymes was determined and was shown to contain 1,040-bp open reading frame coding for a 37,482-da protein with a putative cleavable amino terminal signal peptide. overexpression and selective labeling experiments wi ... | 1995 | 7756691 |
| small molecule mediated autoinduction of antibiotic biosynthesis in the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | 1995 | 7758689 | |
| some implications of structural collapse during freeze-drying using erwinia caratovora l-asparaginase as a model. | when the enzyme erwinia caratovora l-asparaginase was freeze-dried in mixtures of lactose and sodium chloride, biological activity and protein structure were preserved during drying. however, by altering the ratios of the excipients in the formulation it was possible to obtain products which were pharmaceutically acceptable or unacceptable as assessed by the criteria of dried cake appearance, moisture content or ease of reconstitution. | 1993 | 7763938 |
| analysis of promoter region of the pectin lyase gene from erwinia carotovora er. | a pectin lyase defective mutant was constructed from erwinia carotovora er by transposon tn5 insertion mutagenesis to analyze the promoter region of the pnl gene, which had been cloned. the promoter of pnl is between -140 and -74 upstream of the structural gene of pnl and appears not to be regulated by lex a. | 1994 | 7764549 |
| nucleotide sequence of a pectate lyase structural gene, pel1 of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 and structural relationship of pel1 with other pel genes of erwinia species. | of the various exoproteins secreted by erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71, pel1 is the major pectate lyase species with tissue macerating activity. nucleotide sequencing of a 2.2-kb pel1+ dna segment revealed a 1,122 base pair open reading frame which could encode pre-pel1 of 374 amino acid residues. a signal peptide of 22 amino acid residues is present within the nh2-terminal region of pre-pel1. transcription of pel1 was initiated at the guanine residue 111 base pairs upstream of th ... | 1995 | 7772808 |
| synergism between erwinia pectate lyase isoenzymes that depolymerize both pectate and pectin. | phytopathogenic erwinia bacteria cause tissue maceration by secretion of pectinolytic enzymes such as pectate lyase (pl). sequencing of overlapping genomic fragments from erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica established the organization of a 7.5 kbp region encoding pl isoenzymes. two intergenic regions of 656 and 645 bp separate three enzyme coding regions of 1125 bp exhibiting approximately 80% positional identity. the promoters of each of the three genes contain a segment with high homology t ... | 1995 | 7773390 |
| caulobacter fliq and flir membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins. | the caulobacter crescentus fliq and flir genes encode membrane proteins that have a role in an early step of flagellar biogenesis and belong to a family of proteins implicated in the export of virulence factors. these include the mopd and mope proteins from erwinia carotovora, the spa9 and spa29 proteins from shigella flexneri, and the yscs protein from yersinia pestis. inclusion in this family of proteins suggests that fliq and flir may participate in an export pathway required for flagellum as ... | 1995 | 7814323 |
| production of a functional anti-scorpion hemocyanin scfv in escherichia coli. | a58 is a murine monoclonal antibody raised against the internal dimeric subunit a alpha 1 of the hemocyanin of the scorpion androctonus australis. when a58 is tested against a range of related hemocyanins, it exhibits cross-reactivity with a limited number of scorpion species. all of them belong to a single scorpion family: the buthidae. we have utilized a bacterial expression-export system in which the variable regions of a58 are expressed as a single-chain variable fragment (scfv). polymerase ... | 1995 | 7893160 |
| negligible hemostatic toxicity of intermediate-dose erwinase in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: preliminary data. | the hemostatic toxicity of low dose l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora (erwinase) has been reported to be negligible in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all); conversely, no consistent data have been obtained when erwinase is administered at intermediate doses. we report preliminary clinical and laboratory hemostatic data from 10 adult patients with all treated during induction phase with intermediate doses of erwinase (20,000 iu/m2s.c. every other day, for a total of six ad ... | 1994 | 7896215 |
| identification of the hopg gene, a component of escherichia coli k-12 type ii export system, and its conservation among different pathogenic escherichia coli and shigella isolates. | the escherichia coli k-12 gene coding for a component of a type ii export system was identified and characterized. the hopg protein contains a typical prepilin peptidase cleavage site and has a high degree of homology with proteins pulg, outg, and exeg, which are components of type ii secretion systems from klebsiella pneumoniae, erwinia carotovora, and aeromonas hydrophila. | 1995 | 7896718 |
| pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism of a pel gene as a tool to identify erwinia carotovora in relation to potato diseases. | using a sequenced pectate lyase-encoding gene (pel gene), we developed a pcr test for erwinia carotovora. a set of primers allowed the amplification of a 434-bp fragment in e. carotovora strains. among the 89 e. carotovora strains tested, only the erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum strains were not detected. a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) study was undertaken on the amplified fragment with seven endonucleases. the sau3ai digestion pattern specifically identified the erwi ... | 1994 | 7912502 |
| cloning and expression of a gene encoding gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from gelonium multiflorum. | a cdna copy of the gel gene, encoding gelonin (gel), has been cloned from the seeds of the asian plant, gelonium multiflorum. gel is a type-i ribosome-inactivating protein which has been produced in escherichia coli as a secreted protein under the transcriptional control of the salmonella typhimurium arab promoter and linked to the pectate lyase (pelb) leader sequence from erwinia carotovora. recombinant, soluble gel (re-gel) can be recovered from the e. coli culture supernatant at a yield of gr ... | 1993 | 7916721 |
| a pleiotropic reduced virulence (rvi-) mutant of erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica is defective in flagella assembly proteins that are conserved in plant and animal bacterial pathogens. | 1993 | 7934865 | |
| regulation of the production of extracellular pectinase, cellulase, and protease in the soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: evidence that aeph of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 activates gene expression in e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and escherichia coli. | the production of pectolytic enzymes (pectate lyase [pel] and polygalacturonase [peh]), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt) is activated in the soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by aepa (activator of extracellular protein production) and celery extract (y. liu, h. murata, a. chatterjee, and a. k. chatterjee, mol. plant-microbe interact. 6:299-308, 1993). we recently isolated a new class of mutants of strain e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 which overproduces pel, peh, cel ... | 1994 | 7944360 |
| a novel strategy for the isolation of luxi homologues: evidence for the widespread distribution of a luxr:luxi superfamily in enteric bacteria. | the pheromone n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl) regulates expression of bioluminescence in the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri, the production of carbapenem antibiotic in erwinia carotovora and exoenzymes in both e. carotovora and pseudomonas aeruginosa. a characteristic feature of this regulatory mechanism in v. fischeri is that it is cell density-dependent, reflecting the need to accumulate sufficient pheromone to trigger the induction of gene expression. using a lux plasmid-based ... | 1993 | 7968529 |
| erwinia- and e. coli-derived l-asparaginase have similar effects on hemostasis. pilot study in 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | l-asparaginase (l-ase) affects the synthesis of several hemostatic factors, including the naturally occurring clotting inhibitors antithrombin iii, protein c and s, and thromboembolic events are a well-recognized complication of the hypercoagulable state resulting from this treatment. recently, in addition to the widely used e. coli-derived l-ase, a new l-ase derived from erwinia carotovora has been introduced into clinical studies. this formulation seems to have lesser side-effects, but data on ... | 1993 | 8039761 |
| thin film formation by rough form lipopolysaccharide and interaction with cationic antibiotic polymyxin b. | a monolayer film of the rough form of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from erwinia carotovora at an air-water interface was transferred onto solid substrates to form a multilayer film. the lps was deposited on hydrophobic graphite as well as on hydrophilic platinum plates. the thickness of the lps film prepared by a single dipping and removal of the graphite was estimated at 2.7 nm by atomic force microscopy. the repeated dipping of the platinum plate indicated early saturation with reduced subsequent ... | 1994 | 8041294 |
| beta-lactamase topology probe analysis of the outo nmephe peptidase, and six other out protein components of the erwinia carotovora general secretion pathway apparatus. | the out gene cluster of erwinia spp. encodes the proteins of the general secretory pathway (gsp) apparatus that is required for pectinase and cellulase secretion. we have used fusions between erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) out genes and the topology probe blam to assess the ability of out protein regions to export blam across the cytoplasmic membrane in escherichia coli and ecc. for the outo gene product (an nmephe peptidase), seven transmembrane regions have been identified and one ... | 1994 | 8065262 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of a novel pectate lyase gene (pel-3) and a closely linked endopolygalacturonase gene (peh-1) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. | our previous genetic analysis (j. w. willis, j. k. engwall, and a. k. chatterjee, phytopathology 77:1199-1205, 1987) had revealed a tight linkage between pel-3 (pel, pectate lyase gene) and peh-1 (peh, polygalacturonase gene) within the chromosome of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. nucleotide sequencing, transcript assays, and expression of enzymatic activities in escherichia coli have now confirmed that a 3,500-bp segment contains the open reading frames (orfs) for pel-3 and peh-1. the ... | 1994 | 8074530 |
| [the antagonistic activity of spore bacteria in relation to representatives of the genus erwinia]. | strains of 26 species of genus bacillus were examined for an antagonistic effect relative to erwiniosis agents: erwinia amylovora, erwinia carotovora, erwinia chryzanthemi, erwinia herbicola, erwinia rhapontici. the erwinia strain growth seized in the process of combined cultivation with microbes-antagonists. practically all the studied strains of bacteria of genus erwinia were sensitive to these or those bacillus cultures. a considerable number of erwinia strains studied were sensitive simultan ... | 1994 | 8087253 |
| isolation by genomic subtraction of dna probes specific for erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. | erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica is a pathogen of potatoes in europe because of its ability to induce blackleg symptoms early in the growing season. however, e. carotovora subsp. carotovora is not able to produce such severe symptoms under the same conditions. on the basis of the technique described by straus and ausubel (proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87:1889-1893, 1990), we isolated dna sequences of e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica 86.20 that were absent from the genomic dna of e. carotovora ... | 1994 | 8117082 |
| fermentative production and isolation of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora, ec-113. | l-asparaginase, an enzyme-drug used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was isolated from erwinia carotovora. the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the fermentative production of the enzyme were studied. lactose, monosodium glutamate, corn steep liquor, tryptone and yeast extract showed significant stimulation of the production. when l-asparagine (0.2%), a substrate of the enzyme was added to a fermentation medium, a mutant strain ec-113 exhibited 6 times higher p ... | 1993 | 8181956 |
| molecular analysis of the major cellulase (celv) of erwinia carotovora: evidence for an evolutionary "mix-and-match" of enzyme domains. | the structural gene for the major cellulase of erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (ecc) was isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. sequencing of the gene (celv) revealed a typical signal sequence and two functional domains in the enzyme; a catalytic domain linked by a short proline/threonine-rich linker to a cellulose-binding domain (cbd). the deduced amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain showed homology with cellulases of family a, including enzymes from bacillus spp. and erwin ... | 1993 | 8246888 |
| characterization of a novel regulatory gene aepa that controls extracellular enzyme production in the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ecc71 produces an array of extracellular enzymes including pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease. in strain ecc71, these enzymes are coregulated by aepa, which encodes an activator of extracellular protein production (h. murata, j. l. mcevoy, a. chatterjee, a. collmer, and a. k. chatterjee, mol. plant-microbe interact, 4:239-246, 1991). the nucleotide sequence of a 2.7-kb aepa+ dna segment revealed an open reading frame (orf) ... | 1993 | 8324248 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of 13 out genes from erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora: genes encoding members of a general secretion pathway (gsp) widespread in gram-negative bacteria. | the chemical mutagen ethylmethanesulphonate (ems) has been used to generate mutants of erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora which are defective in the secretion of pectinases (pel) and cellulases (cel) but unaltered for protease (prt) secretion. such mutants, called out-, still synthesize pel and cel but these enzymes accumulate within the periplasm. cosmid clones carrying wild-type e. carotovora ssp. carotovora dna, identified by their ability to restore the out+ phenotype when transferred ... | 1993 | 8326859 |
| [expression of pel genes of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 in erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica 36a cells]. | erwinia atroseptica 36a cells were transformed by the recombinant plasmid ppl5-1 (a derivative of the vector plasmid puc19) containing pelb and pelc genes which encode pectate lyases of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49. synthesis of pectate lyases plb and plc determined by the cloned pel genes is constitutive in erwinia atroseptica 36appl5-1 cells and not inducible by sodium polypectate. the major part of these enzymes was accumulated in the periplasmic fraction of erwinia atroseptica and cells were u ... | 1993 | 8371722 |
| proton-linked l-rhamnose transport, and its comparison with l-fucose transport in enterobacteriaceae. | 1. an alkaline ph change occurred when l-rhamnose, l-mannose or l-lyxose was added to l-rhamnose-grown energy-depleted suspensions of strains of escherichia coli. this is diagnostic of sugar-h+ symport activity. 2. l-rhamnose, l-mannose and l-lyxose were inducers of the sugar-h+ symport and of l-[14c]rhamnose transport activity. l-rhamnose also induced the biochemically and genetically distinct l-fucose-h+ symport activity in strains competent for l-rhamnose metabolism. 3. steady-state kinetic m ... | 1993 | 8384447 |
| a note on the primary structure and expression of an erwinia carotovora polygalacturonase-encoding gene (peh1) in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a 1209-base pair (bp) dna fragment containing the endopolygalacturonase-encoding gene (peh1) from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the pcr product was determined and found to be highly homologous to the primary structures of other polygalacturonase-encoding genes. the peh1 dna fragment encoding the mature polygalacturonase was inserted between two different yeast expre ... | 1993 | 8407675 |
| a pleiotropic reduced virulence (rvi-) mutant of erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica is defective in flagella assembly proteins that are conserved in plant and animal bacterial pathogens. | erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica was mutagenized and assayed for virulence in planta. those mutants which exhibited reduced virulence (rvi-) were assayed for growth rate, auxotrophy and extracellular enzyme secretion and seven mutants were found to be wild type for all of these phenotypes. when screened for other phenotypes, two were found to be non-motile. one mutant was complemented for motility by a heterologous gene library. a 2.7kb xmaiii-clai complementing fragment was sequenced and t ... | 1993 | 8412685 |
| high affinity binding of human vitamin k-dependent protein s to a truncated recombinant beta-chain of c4b-binding protein expressed in escherichia coli. | c4b-binding protein (c4bp) is a plasma glycoprotein that contains independent binding sites for complement component c4b and anticoagulant vitamin k-dependent protein s. c4bp is composed of seven alpha-chains (70 kda) and one beta-chain (45 kda) joined by disulfide bonds. in addition to non-repeat regions, the alpha- and beta-chains contain eight and three tandemly arranged modules, respectively, designated short consensus repeats (scrs). c4b binds to the alpha-chains while it has been suggested ... | 1993 | 8428978 |
| characterization of polygalacturonases. | lei et al. [gene 117 (1992) 119-124] recently published the nucleotide sequence of the peh gene of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) and a characterization of its product endopolygalacturonase (peh). the gene appears highly similar to previously described peh sequences of ecc [hinton et al., mol. microbiol. 4 (1990) 1029-1036; saarilahti et al., mol. microbiol. 4 (1990) 1037-1044] which were not cited in the article. ecc carries a single peh gene whose product, peh, is here shown to sha ... | 1993 | 8440478 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of a minor protease-encoding gene from serratia marcescens atcc21074. | the gene (smp) encoding an extracellular protease (smp) from serratia marcescens atcc21074 has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli hb101. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cloned smp gene revealed a single open reading frame of 1056 bp coding for 352 amino acids (aa) (38,479 da). the n-terminal aa sequence of smp excreted from the e. coli host cells revealed that mature smp consists of 300 aa (32,515 da). the deduced aa sequence of smp showed high overall homology (43%) to the erwini ... | 1993 | 8449415 |
| autoregulation of carbapenem biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora by analogues of n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. | n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (hsl) (i) is the autoregulator controlling carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora atcc 39048. the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of hsl are described. these include alterations of chirality, side-chain modifications, ring size and ring hetero atom. a number of compounds are reported which are capable of restoring the phenotype to a hsl negative mutant but at higher concentrations than hsl. a-factor, the autoregul ... | 1993 | 8478262 |
| purification, partial characterization, and subcellular localization of a 38 kilodalton, calcium-regulated protein of rhizobium fredii usda208. | calcium is essential for the growth of rhizobia and the formation of nitrogen-fixing root-nodules on legumes, but its precise role in these processes remains unknown. we have found that rhizobium fredii usda208 accumulates a major 38 kda protein when grown in media supplemented with 0.3-2 microm cacl2. we have purified this protein and raised polyclonal antibodies against it. the protein initially is synthesized as a 40 kda precursor which subsequently undergoes calcium-dependent processing to g ... | 1993 | 8481090 |
| [preparation of single-chained antibodies to human ferritin in escherichia coli]. | we have cloned cdna copies of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes from hybridoma cells able to produce antibody against human ferritin. variable segments of these genes were obtained using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the specific amplifications of ligase reaction products were carried out to combine the variable segments with dna fragments coding for a peptide-linker and for a signal peptide of the cloned pelb gene of erwinia carotovora. during the antiferritin single-chain a ... | 1993 | 8487773 |
| a small diffusible signal molecule is responsible for the global control of virulence and exoenzyme production in the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | virulence of the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is dependent on the production and secretion of a complex arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. production of these exoenzymes is controlled by a global regulatory mechanism. a virulent mutants in one of the regulatory loci, expi, show a pleiotropic defect in the growth phase-dependent transcriptional activation of exoenzyme gene expression. the expi gene encodes a 26 kda polypeptide that is structurally and functionall ... | 1993 | 8508772 |
| the lux autoinducer regulates the production of exoenzyme virulence determinants in erwinia carotovora and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | erwinia carotovora and pseudomonas aeruginosa secrete exoenzymes that contribute to the pathogenesis of plant and mammalian infections respectively. e.carotovora mutants defective in synthesis of the pectinase, cellulase and protease exoenzymes were isolated and classified into two groups. group 2 mutants were found to be defective in the production of a small freely diffusible molecule, n-3-(oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine, lactone (hsl), and were avirulent. addition of exogenous hsl to these group 2 ... | 1993 | 8508773 |
| cytoplasmic and periplasmic production of human placental glutathione transferase in escherichia coli. | an expression vector yielding large amounts of gst p1-1 in the cytoplasm of escherichia coli was constructed. the recombinant enzyme, obtained after purification, was characterized in its physicochemical and kinetic properties and appeared to be indistinguishable from that purified from human placenta. however, n-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that about 50% of the recombinant gst still contained methionine as the n-terminal amino acid. such an incomplete processing was not simply due t ... | 1995 | 8535149 |
| bacteriocin small of rhizobium leguminosarum belongs to the class of n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone molecules, known as autoinducers and as quorum sensing co-transcription factors. | small bacteriocin was isolated from the culture broth of the gram-negative bacterium rhizobium leguminosarum, which forms symbiotic nitrogen-fixing root nodules on a number of leguminous plants. the structure of the molecule was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and identified as n-(3r-hydroxy-7-cis-tetradecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. the absolute configuration of both asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule was determined by the use of the chiral solvating agents s-(+)- and r-(-)-2,2,2-trifl ... | 1996 | 8550454 |
| the extreme c-terminus is required for secretion of both the native polygalacturonase (peha) and peha-bla hybrid proteins in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | a set of gene fusions was constructed between the peha gene encoding the secreted endopolygalacturonase (peha) and the bla gene coding for a normally periplasmic beta-lactamase (bla). the resulting hybrid proteins were specifically and actively routed out of the cells via the out-terminal branch of the general secretory pathway (gsp) in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc), provided that no more than the last two amino acids (aa) of the peha domain were excluded from the fusion. however, b ... | 1995 | 8559064 |
| disease resistance conferred by expression of a gene encoding h2o2-generating glucose oxidase in transgenic potato plants. | plant defense responses to pathogen infection involve the production of active oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). we obtained transgenic potato plants expressing a fungal gene encoding glucose oxidase, which generates h2o2 when glucose is oxidized. h2o2 levels were elevated in both leaf and tuber tissues of these plants. transgenic potato tubers exhibited strong resistance to a bacterial soft rot disease caused by erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora, and disease resistance was s ... | 1995 | 8589621 |
| genetic organization of a dna-processing region required for mobilization of a non-self-transmissible plasmid, pec3, isolated from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | a non-self-transmissible multiple-copy plasmid, pec3, isolated from the phytopathogenic bacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, can be mobilized by an incp-type plasmid. the hybrid plasmid vector, petc3, constructed from pec3 by fusion to markers conferring tcr and cmr, was transferred by conjugation from escherichia coli (ec) to various genera of enterobacteriaceae and to other genera of gram(-) bacteria which included xanthomonas, agrobacterium and rhizobium. deletion analysis and suc ... | 1996 | 8621089 |
| expression of an erwinia pectate lyase in three species of aspergillus. | transgenic filamentous fungi of the species aspergillus niger, a. nidulans and a. awamori expressing and secreting erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica pectate lyase 3 (pl3) were generated. correct processing of the pre-enzyme was achieved using the a. niger pectin lyase a (pel a) signal peptide. with the prepro-peptide of a. niger polygalacturonase ii, secreted enzymes still possessed the 6- aa pro-sequence, indicating the importance of the conformation of the precursor protein for correct cle ... | 1996 | 8625428 |
| [the antibiotic properties of the phytotoxic metabolites of botrytis cinerea pers]. | antibiotic properties of substances of a phytotoxic complex from botrytis cinerea have been studied for a number of phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi as well as saprophytic yeast strains. high fungistatic activity of preparations of phytotoxic metabolites (ptm) has been stated for dendrodochium toxicum, myrothecium verrucaria, m. roridum, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium urticae, agents of heavy human and cattle mycotoxicoses. the studied representatives of phytopat ... | 1995 | 8714399 |
| the rsma- mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ecc71 overexpress hrpnecc and elicit a hypersensitive reaction-like response in tobacco leaves. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora wild-type strain ecc71 does not elicit the hypersensitive reaction (hr) in tobacco leaves. by mini-tn5-km and chemical mutagenesis we have isolated rsma- mutants of ecc71 that produce high basal levels of pectate lyases, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease; they also are hypervirulent. the rsma- mutants, but not their parent strains, elicit an hr-like response in tobacco leaves. this reaction is characterized by the rapid appearance of water soaking fo ... | 1996 | 8810071 |
| characterization of pectin methylesterase b, an outer membrane lipoprotein of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | the secretion of extracellular pectinases, among which there are least six isoenzymes of pectate lyase and one pectin methylesterase, allows the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi to degrade pectin. a gene coding for a novel pectin methylesterase has been cloned from an e. chrysanthemi strain 3937 gene library. this gene, pemb, codes for a 433-amino-acid protein. the pemb n-terminal region has the characteristics of lipoprotein signal sequences. we have shown that the pemb precursor ... | 1996 | 8830237 |
| complementation of deletion mutations in a cloned functional cluster of erwinia chrysanthemi out genes with erwinia carotovora out homologues reveals outc and outd as candidate gatekeepers of species-specific secretion of proteins via the type ii pathway. | the type ii or sec-dependent secretion system is used by diverse gram-negative bacteria for secretion of extracellular proteins. of the 12-15 proteins involved in secretion, the requirement for many has not been demonstrated and little is known about their functions in the secretion process. the plant pathogens erwinia chrysanthemi and erwinia carotovora secrete extra-cellular pectate lyases (pels) using the type ii or out pathway. however, these two bacteria cannot secrete pels encoded by heter ... | 1996 | 8861215 |
| global regulation in erwinia species by erwinia carotovora rsma, a homologue of escherichia coli csra: repression of secondary metabolites, pathogenicity and hypersensitive reaction. | our previous studies revealed that rsma of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 suppressed the synthesis of the cell density (quorum) sensing signal n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, the production of extracellular enzymes and tissue macerating ability in soft-rotting erwinia species and that homologues of this negative regulator gene were present in other erwinia species. northern blot data presented here demonstrate that rsma and rsma-like genes are also expressed in soft-rotti ... | 1996 | 8932714 |
| analysis of bacterial carbapenem antibiotic production genes reveals a novel beta-lactam biosynthesis pathway. | carbapenems are beta-lactam antibiotics which have an increasing utility in chemotherapy, particularly for nosocomial, multidrug-resistant infections. strain gs101 of the bacterial phytopathogen, erwinia carotovora, makes the simple beta-lactam antibiotic, 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. we have mapped and sequenced the erwinia genes encoding carbapenem production and have cloned these genes into escherichia coli where we have reconstituted, for the first time, functional expression of the be ... | 1996 | 8939426 |
| regulation of pelz, a gene of the pelb-pelc cluster encoding a new pectate lyase of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 produces five major and several secondary endo-pectate lyases encoded by the pel genes. most of these genes are arranged in clusters on the bacterial chromosome. the genomic region surrounding the pelb-pelc cluster was supposed to be involved in the regulation of pelb and pelc synthesis. we demonstrated that the variation of pelb expression resulted from the titration of a regulatory protein by the gene adjacent to pelc. this gene was ... | 1996 | 8955401 |
| reca relieves negative autoregulation of rdga, which specifies a component of the reca-rdg regulatory circuit controlling pectin lyase production in erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. | the production of pectin lyase (pnl) in erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora strain 71 is induced by dna-damaging agents such as mitomycin c (mc). this induction requires functions of reca, rdga and rdgb genes. based upon sequence homology, rdga was predicted to encode a repressor and rdgb was presumed to specify a transcriptional activator. to elucidate the function of rdga, the gene has been over-expressed in escherichia coli, and the 30 kda product purified by ammonium-sulphate precipitation, h ... | 1996 | 8971712 |
| characterization of the agrobacterium vitis peha gene and comparison of the encoded polygalacturonase with the homologous enzymes from erwinia carotovora and ralstonia solanacearum. | dna sequencing of the agrobacterium vitis peha gene revealed a predicted protein with an m(r) of 58,000 and significant similarity to the polygalacturonases of two other plant pathogens, erwinia carotovora and ralstonia (= pseudomonas or burkholderia) solanacearum. sequencing of the n terminus of the peha protein demonstrated cleavage of a 34-amino-acid signal peptide from pre-peha. mature peha accumulated primarily in the periplasm of a. vitis and peha+ escherichia coli cells during exponential ... | 1997 | 8979363 |
| characterization of engf, a gene for a non-cellulosomal clostridium cellulovorans endoglucanase. | a new clostridium cellulovorans (strain atcc 35296) endoglucanase gene engf has been isolated and sequenced. the gene contains 1671 bp and codes for a protein containing 557 amino acids and a mass of 60.1 kda. a putative signal peptide of 29 amino acids is present and the mature protein has a mass of 57.1 kda. engf does not have amino acid sequence homology to previously isolated engb and engd, but does show sequence homology to family 5 glycosyl hydrolases from bacillus, erwinia carotovora, and ... | 1996 | 8982083 |
| isolation and characterization of new c-terminal substitution mutations affecting secretion of polygalacturonase in erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. | an intact c-terminus was previously shown to be required for stability and secretion of the polygalacturonase (peha) in erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. here we have analyzed the effects of amino acid (aa) substitutions generated to five c-terminal positions of peha. conservation of two hydrophobic and one non-hydrophobic residue (v372, v374 and n371, respectively) was found to be essential for maintenance of the protein stability. as an exception, one of the mutants (v372g) did not show majo ... | 1997 | 9000526 |
| immunomagnetic separation of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica from potato peel extracts to improve detection sensitivity on a crystal violet pectate medium or by pcr. | immunomagnetic separation (ims) procedures for the selective separation of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica from potato peel extract were optimized for the recovery of target and removal of non-target bacteria. a streptomycin-resistant strain of erw. carotovora subsp. atroseptica was used in combination with a crystal violet pectate (cvp) medium supplemented with 100 micrograms ml-1 of streptomycin to determine the recovery level of the target bacterium. recovery obtained with a polyclonal ... | 1996 | 9072520 |
| activation of the erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora pectin lyase structural gene pnla: a role for rdgb. | the activation of pectin lyase (pnl) production in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 occurs upon dna damage via a unique regulatory circuit involving reca, rdga and rdgb. in a similar pnl-inducible system reconstituted in escherichia coli, the rdgb product was found to activate the expression of pnla, the structural gene for pectin lyase. the kinetic data presented here also show that transcription of pnla followed that of rdgb in er. carotovora subsp. carotovora, indicating a tempo ... | 1997 | 9084157 |
| the general secretion pathway of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: analysis of the membrane topology of outc and outf. | the out gene cluster of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) encodes the proteins of the type ii or general secretory pathway (gsp) apparatus which is required for secretion of pectinase and cellulase. in this study, fusions between ecc out genes and the topology probe blam were constructed. the ability of out protein domains to export blam across the cytoplasmic membrane in both escherichia coli and the cognate host was utilized to confirm the computer-predicted cytoplasmic membrane topol ... | 1997 | 9084158 |
| identification of a pathogenicity locus, rpfa, in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora subsp. carotovora that encodes a two-component sensor-regulator protein. | a mutant of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, ah2552, created by a mud1 insertion was found to be reduced in plant pathogenicity and deficient in extracellular protease and cellulase activity, although it produced normal levels of pectate lyase and polygalacturonase. a cosmid clone, pec462, was isolated from a wild-type e. carotovora subsp. carotovora dna library that concomitantly restored pathogenicity and protease and cellulase activities of ah2552 to wild-type levels when present in tran ... | 1997 | 9100385 |
| molecular characterization and expression of the erwinia carotovora hrpnecc gene, which encodes an elicitor of the hypersensitive reaction. | the nucleotide sequence of hrpnecc dna, cloned from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ecc71, reveals a coding region of 1,068 bp which matches the size of hrpnecc transcripts. hrpnecc is predicted to encode a glycine-rich protein of approximately 36 kda. like the elicitors of the hypersensitive reaction (hr) produced by e. chrysanthemi (harpinech) and e. amylovora (harpinea), the deduced 36-kda protein does not possess a typical signal sequence, but it contains a putative membrane-span ... | 1997 | 9150595 |
| pegaspargase: an alternative? | to review the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical activity, adverse effects, dosage, and administration guidelines for pegaspargase. | 1997 | 9161659 |
| characterization of acquired resistance in lesion-mimic transgenic potato expressing bacterio-opsin. | the lesion-mimic mutants of certain plants display necrotic lesions resembling those of the hypersensitive response and activate local and systemic defense responses in the absence of pathogens. we have engineered a lesion-mimic phenotype in transgenic russet burbank potato plants through constitutive expression of a bacterio-opsin (bo) proton pump derived from halobacterium halobium. transgenic potato plants exhibiting a lesion-mimic phenotype had increased levels of salicylic acid and overexpr ... | 1997 | 9204568 |
| the rna molecule csrb binds to the global regulatory protein csra and antagonizes its activity in escherichia coli. | the rna-binding protein csra (carbon storage regulator) is a new kind of global regulator, which facilitates specific mrna decay. a recombinant csra protein containing a metal-binding affinity tag (csra-h6) was purified to homogeneity and authenticated by n-terminal sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and other studies. this protein was entirely contained within a globular complex of approximately 18 csra-h6 subunits and a single approximatel ... | 1997 | 9211896 |
| polysialylated asparaginase: preparation, activity and pharmacokinetics. | erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase was coupled covalently to colominic acid, a low molecular mass polysialic acid, by reductive amination. depending on the molar ratios of colominic acid-asparaginase (50:1, 100:1 and 250:1), polysialylated constructs contained 4.2-8.1 molecules of colominic acid per molecule of enzyme. such constructs retained most (82-86%) of the initial asparaginase activity and also maintained the km values of the native enzyme towards the substrate asparagine. on exposure to ... | 1997 | 9300806 |
| mobilization, cloning, and sequence determination of a plasmid-encoded polygalacturonase from a phytopathogenic burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia. | phytopathogenic strains of burkholderia cepacia (synonym pseudomonas cepacia) produce endopolygalacturonase, whereas strains of clinical and soil origin do not. growth of a phytopathogenic strain (atcc25416) at elevated temperatures resulted in nonpectolytic derivatives that were either cured of a resident plasmid or contained a plasmid of reduced mass. the resident 200-kb plasmid (ppec320) in strain atcc25416 was tagged with tn5-mob. the ppec320::tn5-mob (ppec321) plasmid was mobilized in b. ce ... | 1997 | 9304858 |
| avirulence gene d of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato may have undergone horizontal gene transfer. | avirulence gene d (avrd) is carried on the b-plasmid of the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato with plasmid-borne avrd homologs widely distributed among the pseudomonads. we now report sequences in the soft rot pathogen erwinia carotovora that cross-hybridize to avrd suggesting a conserved function beyond avirulence. alternatively, avrd may have been transferred horizontally among species: (i) dna linked to avrd shows evidence of class ii transpositions and contains a novel is3-relat ... | 1997 | 9326365 |
| phylogenetic analysis of erwinia species based on 16s rrna gene sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 16 erwinia species were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the sequences of the 16s rrna genes of these organisms. the sequence data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining method, and each branch was supported by moderate bootstrap values. the phylogenetic tree and sequence analyses confirmed that the genus erwinia is composed of species that exhibit considerable heterogeneity and form four clades that are intermixed with mem ... | 1997 | 9336906 |
| control of virulence gene expression by plant calcium in the phytopathogen erwinia carotovora. | plant calcium can modulate a particular plant-pathogen interaction and have a decisive role in disease development. enhanced resistance to the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia carotovora, the causal agent of bacterial soft rot disease, is observed in high-calcium plants. one of the main virulence determinants of e. carotovora, the peha endopolygalacturonase, is specifically required in the early stages of the infection. production of peha was found to be dependent on the calcium concentra ... | 1997 | 9364909 |
| both dna gyrase and reverse gyrase are present in the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima. | like all hyperthermophiles yet tested, the bacterium thermotoga maritima contains a reverse gyrase. here we show that it contains also a dna gyrase. the genes top2a and top2b encoding the two subunits of a dna gyrase-like enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. the top2a (type ii dna topoisomerase a protein) is more similar to gyra (dna gyrase a protein) than to parc [topoisomerase iv (topo iv) c protein]. the difference is especially striking at the c-terminal domain, which differentiates dna gy ... | 1997 | 9380682 |
| pectate lyase peli of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 belongs to a new family. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pel4, pelb, pelc, peld, and pele genes and a set of secondary pectate lyases, two of which, pell and pelz, have been already identified. we cloned the peli gene, encoding a ninth pectate lyase of e. chrysanthemi 3937. the peli reading frame is 1,035 bases long, corresponding to a protein of 344 amino acids including a typical amino-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acids. the purified mature peli protein ... | 1997 | 9393696 |
| the rap and hor proteins of erwinia, serratia and yersinia: a novel subgroup in a growing superfamily of proteins regulating diverse physiological processes in bacterial pathogens. | the enteric bacterium serratia marcescens is an opportunistic human pathogen. the strain atcc39006 makes the red pigment, prodigiosin (pig), and the beta-lactam antibiotic carbapenem (car). mutants were isolated that were concomitantly defective for pig and car production. these mutants were found to have a mutation in the rap gene (regulation of antibiotic and pigment). sequence analysis of the rap gene revealed a predicted protein product showing strong homology to slya, originally thought to ... | 1997 | 9402023 |
| analysis of the carbapenem gene cluster of erwinia carotovora: definition of the antibiotic biosynthetic genes and evidence for a novel beta-lactam resistance mechanism. | members of two genera of gram-negative bacteria, serratia and erwinia, produce a beta-lactam antibiotic, 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. we have reported previously the cloning and sequencing of the genes responsible for production of this carbapenem in erwinia carotovora. these genes are organized as an operon, cara--h, and are controlled by a luxr-type transcriptional activator, encoded by the linked carr gene. we report in this paper the genetic dissection of this putative operon to determ ... | 1997 | 9402024 |
| drosophila host defense: differential induction of antimicrobial peptide genes after infection by various classes of microorganisms. | insects respond to microbial infection by the rapid and transient expression of several genes encoding potent antimicrobial peptides. herein we demonstrate that this antimicrobial response of drosophila is not aspecific but can discriminate between various classes of microorganisms. we first observe that the genes encoding antibacterial and antifungal peptides are differentially expressed after injection of distinct microorganisms. more strikingly, drosophila that are naturally infected by entom ... | 1997 | 9405661 |