Publications

a multigroup model for predator-prey interactions.	the predator-prey interactions between the protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis and the bacterium aerobacter aerogenes have been studied experimentally and mathematically. a mathematical model for the ciliates defines the mass distribution of cells within the population. the resulting model equations are solved by the use of multigroup theory. experimental data from batch and continuous flow rectors are compared with the results of the numerical integration.	1975	810191
in vitro activity of ticarcillin, carbenicillin and ampicillin against some gram-negative bacilli.	alpha-carboxy-3-thienylmethyl penicillin (ticarcillin) is a relatively new semisynthetic penicillin which is more active than carbenillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. among the strains tested, those isolated from the respiratory tract showed an increased susceptibility to carbenicillin and ticarcillin. as with carbenicillin, synergistic activity against p. aeruginosa could be demonstrated with ticarcillin in combination with gentamicin. like other penicillins, the antibacterial activity was i ...	1975	811636
thin-layer chromatographic technique for rapid detection of bacterial phospholipases.	silica gel thin-layer chromatography was employed to detect lecithinase activity induced from bacterial resting cell preparations induced from bacterial resting cell preparations incubated at 37 c for 4 h in the presence of purified egg yolk lecithin. bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrolyzed lecithin with the formation of free fatty acids as the sole lipid-soluble product. in none of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains teste ...	1975	811682
urease activity in the rumen of sheep and the isolation of ureolytic bacteria.	urease activity in the sheep rumen varied with the diet of the sheep, but appeared to be largely or entirely present in the small bacterial fraction. screening of over 1000 strains of rumen bacteria isolated on different media showed that urease activity was apparently confined to species of staphylococcus, lactobacillus casei var. casei and klebsiella aerogenes. consideration of the numbers in which these occurred and their activities suggested that the bacteria could not be responsible for the ...	1976	812952
dense growth of aerobic bacteria in a bench-scale fermentor.	escherichia coli b, escherichia coli mre 600, escherichia coli k 12-3300, pseudomonas fluorescens, and aerobacter aerogenes were grown exponentially in a bench-scale fermentor to cell concentrations in the range of 20 to 41 g dry cells/liter at 30 degrees c and 30 to 55 g dry cells/liter at 25 degrees c. the high cell concentrations were achieved in a growth system previously described for growth of escherichia coli w (biotechnol. bioeng., 16, 933 (1974); ibid. 17, 227 (1975)). various enzyme ac ...	1976	813791
the effect of cooling and warming rates on the survival of a variety of bacteria.	cooling and warming rates affect bacterial survival profoundly with all bacteria tested (azotobacter chroococcum, klebsiella aerogenes, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus faecalis) behaving similarly. most bacteria were sensitive to salt on freezing and thawing. viabilities of population frozen and thawed in saline were always less (by at least 20%) than comparable ones frozen in water alone. under these conditions, s. faecalis was resistant to the presence of sodium c ...	1976	814981
]acute severe mastitis in cows of the dutch-friesian breed (author's transl)].	one hundred cases of severe acute mastitis are reported. bacteriological examination of the milk was negative in 23% of the cases. e. coli was most frequently found to be the causative organism (23%), followed by st. aureus (19%), c. pyogenes (10%), str. dysgalactiae (9%), str. agalactiae (5%) and a number of other pathogenic agents such as atypical streptococci, str. uberis, haemolytic streptococci, aerobacter aerogenes, kl. pneumoniae, a clostridium and p. multocida. in several cases, a tentat ...	1976	818734
discrimination of rhizobium japonicum, rhizobium lupini, rhizobium trifolii, rhizobium leguminosarum and of bacteroids by uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid, glutamic acid and phosphate.	rhizobium strains (one each of rh. japonicum, rh. lupini, rh. leguminosarum) take up 2-ketoglutaric acid in general much faster and from lower concentrations in the medium than strains of escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and chromobacterium violaceum. a strain of enterobacter aerogenes, however, is more similar to some rhizobium strains. the same strains of rhizobium take up also phosphate much faster and from lower concentrations than the other bacteria tested. 4 strains of rh. lupini proved ...	1976	818969
in vitro evaluation of cefoxitin and cefamandole.	cefoxitin and cefamandole were evaluated in vitro against 263 organisms. studies were performed in mueller-hinton and nutrient broth and agar employing inoculum sizes of 10(6) and 10(8) organisms per ml. at obtainable serum levels both antibiotics were bactericidal for nearly all strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, and staphylococcus aureus but were inactive against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus. in agar, cefamandole appeared to be active against most strains of ...	1976	820241
absence of bacterial resistance to povidone iodine.	povidone iodine is now being increasingly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. the possible habituation of bacteria to iodine was studied by serial passage of two strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, two strains of escherichia coli, two strains of klebsiella aerogenes, and one strain of serratia marcescens in subinhibitory concentrations. after 20 passages, no significant change was observed in the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and killing times between paren ...	1976	821972
the presence of a variant of type-iiia beta-lactamase in a series of strains isolated in a burns unit.	an outbreak of carbenicillin-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a burns unit in 1968-69 occurred in two phases separated by a period when no resistant pseudomonas were detected. nevertheless, strains of klebsiella aerogenes carrying r factors similar to those in the pseudomonas strains were encountered in the intervening period. the similarity of the plasmids occurring in all stages of this outbreak has been confirmed by the fact that each specifies a novel variant of type-iiia beta-l ...	1976	822168
[infective situation in a cow barn contaminated with klebsiella mastitis].	the infection situation in a four-row cow-house for 153 animals with a frequent occurrence of klebsiella mastitis was subject to a detailed analysis. the following results were obtained after two collections of blood and udder-quarter milk samples examined by the test-tube agglutination, gel precipitation, and bacteriological diagnosis methods: 1. streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from milk samples 28 and 31 times, pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 and 19 times, staphylococcus arueus 16 and 19 times ...	1976	828991
tyramine oxidase and regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes.	the participation of tyramine oxidase in the regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes was studied. arylsulfatase was synthesized when this organism was grown with methionine or taurine as the sulfur source (nonrepressing conditions) and was repressed by inorganic sulfate or cysteine; this repression was relieved by tyramine and related compounds (derepressing conditions). under nonrepressing conditions, arylsulfatase synthesis was not regulated by tyramine oxidase synthesis. ...	1977	830648
intracellular crystalline deposits by bacteria grown in urine from a stone former.	several species of bacteria were found to form an intracellular crystalline material when grown in urine obtained from a subject with a history of infrequent renal calculi formation. the following species: proteus mirabilis, proteus rettgeri, providencia stuartii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, and candida albicans formed crystals of hydroxyapatite. klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and proteus vulgaris produced crystals of calcite -ii. several of th ...	1977	844994
genetic control of arylsulfatase synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes.	it was shown that at least four genes are specifically responsible for arylsulfatase synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes. mutations at chromosome site atsa result in enzymatically inactive arylsulfatase. mutants showing constitutive synthesis of arylsulfatase (atsr) were isolated by using inorganic sulfate or cysteine as the sulfur source. another mutation in which repression of arylsulfatase by inorganic sulfate or cysteine could not be relieved by tyramine was determined by genetic analysis to b ...	1977	853036
growth of klebsiella aerogenes on xylitol: implications for bacterial enzyme evolution.	when klebsiella aerogenes was grown in continuous culture with xylitol. an unnatural pentitol, as the growth limiting substrate, the structural gene which codes for ribitol dehydrogenase, an enzyme which gratuitously catalyzes the oxidation of xylitol to d-xylulose, was duplicated. it appears that the duplication mechansim only duplicates the gene which is subjected to selective pressure and not any of the other closely linked genes. the degree to which the ribitol dehydrogenase gene is duplicat ...	1977	864722
[catechol biosynthesis by klebsiella aerogenes bacteria].		1977	865322
clavulanic acid: a beta-lactamase-inhiting beta-lactam from streptomyces clavuligerus.	a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor has been isolated from streptomyces clavuligerus atcc 27064 and given the name clavulanic acid. conditions for the cultivation of the organism and detection and isolation of clavulanic acid are described. this compound resembles the nucleus of a penicillin but differs in having no acylamino side chain, having oxygen instead of sulfur, and containing a beta-hydroxyethylidine substituent in the oxazolidine ring. clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of many beta-la ...	1977	879738
the utilization of the plasticizer dimethyl phthalate by an isolated strain of enterobacter aerogenes.		1977	884330
numerical taxonomy and ecology of petroleum-degrading bacteria.	a total of 99 strains of petroleum-degrading bacteria isolated from chesapeake bay water and sediment were identified by using numerical taxonomy procedures. the isolates, together with 33 reference cultures, were examined for 48 biochemical, cultural, morphological, and physiological characters. the data were analyzed by computer, using both the simple matching and the jaccard coefficients. clustering was achieved by the unweighted average linkage method. from the sorted similarity matrix and d ...	1977	889329
study on the mechanism of action of adenosylcobalamin-dependent glycerol dehydratase from aerobacter aerogenes. i. role of structural components of adenosylcobalamin the formation of the active site of glycerol dehydratase.	a new method of partial chemical synthesis of adenosylcobalamin (co alpha-[alpha-5,6-diemethylbenzimidazolyl)]-co beta-adenosylcobamide, adocbl) analogs has been developed. a series of derivatives of adocbl modified in the nucleoside and nucleotide ligands and corrin macrocycle have been obtained. the interaction of adocl analogs with glycerol dehydratase (ec 4.2.1.30) from aerobacter aerogenes has been investigated. it has been shown that the nucleoside ligand of adocbl provides no essential co ...	1977	889845
study of the mechanism of action of adenosylcobalamindependent glycerol dehydratase from aerobacter aerogenes. ii. the inactivation kinetics of glycerol dehydratase complexes with adenosylobalamin and its analogs.	the inactivation kinetics of vacterial glycerol dehydratase (ec 4.2.1.30) in the course of its reaction with adenosylcobalamin (adocbl) and its analogs were investigated. it was shown that the inactivation rate of apoenzyme complexes with adocbl analogs is determined by the nature of the analogs employed and probably by the rate of their conversion into hydroxycobalamins. a possible inactivation mechanism of glycerol dehydratase is discussed.	1977	889846
enzymatic and immunological characterization of a new cephalosporinase from enterobacter aerogenes.	a hospital strain of enterobacter aerogenes (mulb 250) isolated from a urinary tract infection was found to be cephalosporin and ampicillin resistant and carbenicillin susceptible. the beta-lactamase produced by this strain was extracted and purified by means of affinity chromatography, using a cephalosporin c-bound sepharose 4b column. the purified enzyme was tested for hydrolysis of penicillin and various cephalosporins. the k(m) value is 11.8 mum for benzyl penicillin and 130 mum for cephalos ...	1977	900918
in vitro activities of five oral cephalosporins against aerobic pathogenic bacteria.	cefaclor (lilly 99638) and cefatrizine (bl-s640, sk&f 70771) are orally absorbed, broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporins. they were compared in vitro with cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cepharadine against a variety of aerobic pathogenic bacteria by an agar dilution procedure. cefaclor and cefatrizine were found to be similar or superior to cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cephradine in terms of activity against gram-positive cocci other than enterococci. only cefatrizine demonstrated any pot ...	1977	921258
purification and properties of citrate lyase ligase from streptococcus diacetilactis.	citrate lyase ligase (acetate: sh--[acyl-carrier protein] enzyme ligase (amp) from streptococcus diacetilactis was purified 920-fold with a yield of 6.3%. the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 41000; the ligase consisted of one polypeptide chain. the acetylation of 1 mol of deacetyl-citrate lyase to enzymatically active citrate lyase required 6 mol atp. the formation of amp and pyrophosphate in the acetylation reaction was demonstrated. citrate lyase ligase was specific for the ...	1977	923578
energy-dependent inactivation of citrate lyase in enterobacter aerogenes.	enterobacter aerogenes was grown in continous culture with ammonia as the growth-limiting substrate, and changes in citrate lyase and citrate synthase activities were monitored after growth shifts from anaerobic growth on citrate to aerobic growth on citrate, aerobic growth on glucose, anaerobic growth on glucose, and anaerobic growth on glucose plus nitrate. citrate lyase was inactivated during aerobic growth on glucose and during anaerobic growth with glucose plus nitrate. inactivation did not ...	1977	924971
highly specific bacteriophage-associated polysaccharide hydrolases for klebsiella aerogenes type 8.	two phage-bound polysaccharide hydrolases specific for klebsiella aerogenes type 8 exopolysaccharides were isolated. each enzyme was specific for the polysaccharide produced by the host strain. one enzyme hydrolysed a pyruvylated and acetylated polymer, while the other only acted on the substrate lacking these substituents. both enzymes were endogalactosidases releasing tetrasaccharides from their substrates which were only hydrolysed to a limited extent.	1976	932688
[a flavinogenic mutant of the yeast pichia guilliermondii with impaired iron transport].	a mutant of the yeast pichia guilliermondii was produced by means of uv; the mutant was capable of riboflavin overproduction in the presence of high concentrations of iron in the medium. the content of total and non-hemin iron and cytochrome c, and the activity of catalase, were lower in the cells of the mutant than in the parent cells, while the activity of riboflavin synthetase was higher. the content of iron in the cells increased when the mutant was cultivated on media with citric acid, side ...	1976	933879
the fate of bacteria in frozen red cells.	units of blood were intentionally contaiminated with suspensions of either aerobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, sarcina lutea, seratia marcesens, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, paracolabacterum aerogenoides (enterobacter hafriae), mima polymorpha or acinetobacter- calcoaceticus. when inoculation was made prior to glycerolization, the subsequent glycerolization, freezing, thawing, and deglycerolization result ...	1976	936269
growth of enterobacter aerogenes in a chemostat with double nutrient limitations.	the behavior of enterobacter aerogenes during growth in chemostats limited by single and double nutrient restrictions was examined. on the assumption that different essential nutrients act to limit growth in different ways, we selected pairs of nutrients likely to affect different aspects of metabolism. results show that macromolecular cell composition can be controlled by using more than one nutrient restriction. the polysaccharide content of the cells is readily manipulated by the ratio of car ...	1976	942212
extracellular and protease-released pullulanases.	the extracellular form of pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41) from klebsiella aerogenes has been purified to homogeneity by successive chromatography through diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, sephadex g-200, and 1,6-diaminohexane-sepharose. in addition, the cell-bound form of pullulanase has been released by the action of a serine endopeptidase obtained from pronase and purified to apparent homogeneity. protease-released pullulanase has a slightly larger molecular weight and a specific activity over twice that ...	1976	942714
[studies on the antibacterial activity of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (cn 3123) (author's transl)].	after giving a survey on the situation of antibiotic resistance in the region of northern bavaria during 1973/74 and comparing the activity of a sulfamethoxazole (smz) trimethoprim (tmp) combination to other commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, the results of tests with the new combination of n1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide) (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) at a ratio of 5:1 (cn 3123; nevin, supristol) are compared t ...	1976	947327
[study of enterobacter strains belonging to a particular group related to enterobacter aerogenes (author's transl)].	thirty strains of enterobacteriaceae constitute a new group related to e. aerogenes with the following differential biochemical characters: urease+, kcn-, sorbitol-, mucate- and gelatinase-. ten of these strains with antigenic similarities and polyresistance to antibiotics were isolated from urine in the same hospital.	1976	970833
comparison of activity of sisomicin and gentamicin in mouse protection tests with gram-negative bacilli.	the efficacy of sisomicin and gentamicin was compared in mouse protection studies against strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. there was no significant difference in mortality of the mice in any of the protocol groups when five different dosages of sisomicin and gentamicin given by three separate schedules were compared for each bacterial inoculum in each antibiotic protocol. the mean protective d ...	1976	984779
deconjugation of bile acids by human intestinal bacteria.	the purpose of this report is to present the deconjugation of bile acids by numbers of strains of bacteria in the small intestine and feces. the small intestinal juice was aseptically aspirated by a double lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip devised by us ("fukushima type 1"). bile acids were analyzed with thin layer chromatography. the results: 1) among aerobic bacteria, species of which all of the strains split conjugated bile acids was enterococcus, and most of the strains split were st ...	1976	992250
[isolation and identification of the iron-binding organic compounds synthesized by klebsiella aerogenes].		1976	994872
klebsiella aerogenes in mares.		1976	997193
klebsiella aerogenes in mares.		1976	1014302
the role of energy-spilling reactions in the growth of klebsiella aerogenes nctc 418 in aerobic chemostat culture.	when cell-saturating amounts of glucose and phosphate were added to steady state cultures of klebsiella aerogenes that were, respectively, glucose- and phosphate-limited, the organisms responded immediately with an increased oxygen consumption rate. this suggested that in neither case was glucose transport the rate-limiting process, and also that organisms must possess effective mechanisms for spilling the excess energy initially generated when a growth-limitation is temporarily relieved. steady ...	1976	1015953
stereochemistry of decarboxylation of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid by aerobacter.	the stereochemistry of the decarboxylation of trans-p-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxystyrene by aerobacter aerogenes has been examined. the decarboxylation has been found to proceed with retention of the geometry about the trans-substituted double-bond.	1975	1057163
[nitrogen fixation in monospecific and mixed cultures of aerobacter aerogenes and agrobacterium azotophilum using different sources of carbon].		1975	1059219
isolation of subunits of citrate lyase and characterization of their function in the enzyme complex.	citrate lyase [ec 4.1.3.6; citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (pro-3s-ch2-coo--leads to acetate)] from klebsiella aerogenes has been dissociated with urea; the three different subunits, alpha-chain (molecular weight congruent to 54,000), beta-chain (molecular weight congruent to 32,000), and gamma-chain (acyl carrier protein; molecular weight congruent to 10,000), have been isolated in pure and catalytically active state. recombination of the three subunits produced citrate lyase that was indistinguisha ...	1975	1060145
composition of the citrate lyase acyl carrier protein from klebsiella aerogenes.		1975	1091504
stereoselective reduction of cobalt(iii) complexes by bacteria.	a strain of enterobacter cloacae, isolated from soil, reduces racemic abdtriglycinatocobalt(iii), triglycinatocobalt(iii), stereoselectively under anaerobic conditions; washed suspensions oc cells, grown anaerobically in the absence of triglycinatocobalt(iii) initially reduce the l-enantiomer stereospecifically under argon yielding a labile co(ii) chelate. an approximately 5-fold increase in the rate of reduction of the complex occurs using cells disrupted by 2-phenylethanol; decomposition now p ...	1975	1092371
reversible inactivation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase of escherichia coli ml308 during growth on acetate.	during aerobic growth of escherichia coli ml308 on acetate as sole carbon source, the apparent synthesis of isocitrate dehydrogenase was repressed relative to cultures on other carbon sources, such as glucose, which do not employ the glyoxylate bypass as an anaplerotic sequence. when cells were removed from an acetate medium, or when compounds were added which made the operation of the glyoxylate bypass unnecessary, the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase rapidly increased 3- to 4-fold but fell ...	1975	1094097
genes for ribitol and d-arabitol catabolism in escherichia coli: their loci in c strains and absence in k-12 and b strains.	escherichia coli c strains can grow at the expense of the two natural pentitols ribitol and d-arabitol, sugar alcohols previously thought not to be utilized by e. coli. e. coli strains k-12 and b cannot utilize either compound. the genetic loci responsible for pentitol catabolism in e. coli c, designated rtl and atl, are separate and closely linked. each lies between metg and his and is highly co-transducible with metg and with a p2 prophage attachment site. rtl and atl readily can be transduced ...	1975	1097416
growth rate of enterobacteriaceae at elevated temperatures: limitation by methionine.	the effect of elevated temperatures on growth rate was studied in five strains of enterobacteriaceae. in all the strains tested a shift to the elevated temperature resulted in an immediate decrease in growth rate which was due to limitation in the availability of endogenous methionine. the first biosynthetic enzyme of the methionine pathway-homoserine transsuccinylase-was studied in extracts of aerobacter aerogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli and was shown to be temperature sen ...	1975	1100601
nature and properties of hexitol transport systems in escherichia coli.	in escherichia coli k-12 the naturally occurring hexitols d-mannitol, d-glucitol, and galactitol are taken up and phosphorylated via three distinct transport systems by a mechanism called either group translocation or vectorial phosphorylation. for every system, a membrane-bound enzyme ii-complex of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system has been found, each requiring phosphoenolpyruvate, enzyme i, and hpr or alternatively p-hpr as the phosphate donor. cells with a constitut ...	1975	1100608
effects of an antibacterial soap on the ecology of aerobic bacterial flora of human skin.	the effects of ad lib use of an antibacterial soap containing 1.0% trichlorocarbanilide and 0.5% trifluoromethyldichlorocarbanilide on the bacterial flora of six skin sites of 132 subjects were measured by comparison with the flora of 93 control subjects who avoided the use of topical antibacterials. each subject was examined once. the test soap produced significant reductions in geometric mean counts of the total aerobic flora on the back, chest, forearm, calf, and foot; counts were also reduce ...	1975	1103729
production of gluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acid by klebsiella aerogenes ncta 418.	2-ketogluconic acid and, to a lesser extent, gluconic acid were found to be major products of glucose catabolism by phosphate-limited cultures of klebsiella aerogenes nctc 418, and together accounted for up to 46% of the glucose carbon that was metabolized. although the concentrations of both acids increased substantially at low growth rates, their specific rates of synthesis decreased markedly, ad did the proportion of glucose converted into these products. determination of the affinity constan ...	1975	1106345
construction of intergeneric hybrids using bacteriophage p1cm: transfer of the klebsiella aerogenes ribitol dehydrogenase gene to escherichia coli.	study of many of the interesting properties of klebsiella aerogenes is limited by the lack of a well-characterized genetic system for this organism. our investigations of the evolution of the enzyme ribitol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.56) in k. aerogenes would be greatly facilitated by the availability of such a system, and we here report two approaches to developing one. we have isolated mutants sensitive to the coliphage p1, which will efficiently tranduce genetic markers between such sensitive st ...	1976	1107331
citrate uptake in membrane vesicles of klebsiella aerogenes.	in whole cells of klebsiella aerogenes grown anaerobically on citrate as sole carbon source, citrate uptake is followed by rapid catabolism of the substrate via the inducible citrate fermentation pathway. membrane vesicles prepared from such cells take up citrate but do not catabolize it. vesicles process d-lactate dehydrogenase and the na+-requiring oxalacetate decarboxylase. citrate is taken up in the presence of na+, and other monovalent cations, such as nh4+, rb+, cs+, or k+, do not substitu ...	1975	1112775
citrate lyase from streptococcus diacetilactis. association with its acetylating enzyme.	citrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.6) was purified 38-fold from cell-free extracts of streptococcus diacetilactis. the enzyme was homogeneous in analytical ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the final enzyme preparation contained acetate: hs-citrate lyase ligase--an acetylating enzyme which converts inactive hs-citrate lyase into enzymatically active acetyl-s-citrate lyase. this enzyme activity was purified 25-fold over the crude extract and seemed to be associated with citrate lya ...	1975	1115558
regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis by sulfur compounds in klebsiella aerogenes.	in klebsiella aerogenes, arylsulfatase synthesis was repressed by inorganic sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, thiosulfate, and cysteine, but not by methionine under normal growth conditions. we isolated cysteine-requiring mutants (cys minus), and mutants (atss minus, atsr minus) in which the regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis was altered. in the cysteine auxotroph, enzyme synthesis was also repressed by inorganic sulfate or cysteine. kinetic studies on mutants of the cysteine auxotroph showed that i ...	1975	1116990
changes in cutaneous flora after wet occlusion.	aerobic flora from wet-occluded forearms of six volunteers was sampled the day before treatment, on the 3rd day when dressings were removed, and daily, when possible, for 8 days thereafter. erythema was not present. all bacterial colonies appearing on appropriate dilution plates were identified with the aid of a replica-plating technique. flora of each individual increased to over 10-4 colony-forming units/cm2 as a result of wet-occlusion, but counts rapidly fell by about 10-2 units once dressin ...	1975	1122426
on the molecular weights of the three nonidentical subunits of citrate lyase from klebsiella aerogenes.	the molecular weights of the three nonidentical subunits of citrate lyase of klebsiella aerogenes have been determined by three methods: sedimentation equilibrium in 6 m guanidinium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration on 6 percent agarose column in 6 m guanidinium chloride. the molecular weights of the subunits, names i, ii, and iii (or acyl carrier protein) in order of elution from the agarose column, were 54,500, 32,000, and 11,000, respectively. the agaros ...	1975	1123340
crystallization and properties of cysteine desulfhydrase from aerobacter aerogenes.		1975	1132487
induction by sodium of the citrate fermentation enzymes in klebsiella aerogenes.		1975	1140396
determination of the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in continuous cultures of aerobacter aerogenes.	for anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures of aerobacter aerogenes a values of 14.0 g/mole was found for ymax/atp and a value of 6.8 mmoles atp/g dry weight/hr for the maintenance coefficient. both values are much lower than those previously determined for tryptophan-limited anaerobic chemostat cultures. it is concluded that generally the largest part of the maintenance energy is not used for true maintenance processes. for aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures two phases could be dif ...	1975	1156084
dual pathways of glycerol assimilation in klebsiella aerogenes ncib418: their regulation and possible functional significance.	klebsiella aerogenes ncib 418 assimilates glycerol via alternative pathways: one involves a glycerol kinase with a high affinity for glycerol (apparent km = 1-2x10(-6)m), and the second a glycerol dehydrogenase with a much lower affinity for its substrate (apparent km=2-4x10(-2)m). in variously-limited chemostat cultures, one or the other pathway predominated. thus, aerobic carbon-limited organisms contained only the glycerol kinase pathway whereas aerobic sulphate-limited or ammonia-limited o ...	1975	1156097
use of bile-esculin agar for rapid differentiation of enterobacteriaceae.	bile-esculin agar has been used for several years for the presumptive identification of group d streptococci. all members of the enterobacteriaceae family will also grow on this medium, but only certain ones can hydrolyze esculin to 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, which reacts with iron to produce a characteristic blackening of the medium. one thousand and six cultures from clinical specimens representing 20 genera were isolated and identified. heavy inocula from fresh pure culture isolates on heart infu ...	1975	1176613
formation of methyl mercury by bacteria.	twenty-three hg2+-resistant cultures were isolated from sediment of the savannah river in georgia; of these, 14 were gram-negative short rods belonging to the genera escherichia and enterobacter, six were gram-positive cocci (three staphylococcus sp. and three streptococcus sp.) and three were bacillus sp. all the escherichia, enterobacter, and the bacillus strain were more resistant to hg2+ than the strains of staphylococci and streptococci. adaptation using serial dilutions and concentration g ...	1975	1180551
immobilized diol dehydrase and its use in studies of cobalamin binding and subunit interaction.	coenzyme b12 dependent diol dehydrase from aerobacter aerogenes was immobilized by covalent binding to cnbr-activated sepharose 4b. the sepharose-bound enzyme exhibited a markedly high catalytic activity, viz., 75-95% of the specific activity of the original free enzyme. the apoenzyme acquired much greater stability to heat by immobilization. no significant difference between the immobilized and free enzymes was observed in the following properties: the affinity for coenzyme b12; the sensitivity ...	1975	1182099
isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage polysaccharide.	a high molecular weight heteropolysaccharide, composed of glucose, glucuronic acid, n-acetylglucosamine, and mannose in an approximate molar ratio of 1:2:2:5, respectively, was isolated from phage k-2 and from the soluble fraction of phage-infected aerobacter aerogenes lysates. treatment of pure phage with 8 m urea at 4 degrees quantitatively solubilizes the bound polysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide (yurewicz, e.c., ghalambor, m.a., duckworth, d.h., and heath, e.c. (1971) j. biol. chem. 2 ...	1975	1184587
radiographic method for anatomic study of the teat canal: characteristics related to resistance to new intramammary infection during lactation and the early dry period.	an in vivo radiographic method to determine teat canal anatomy has shown that resistant quarters had teat canals with a smaller diameter than that of susceptible quarters. the length of the teat canal did not appear to be related to resistance to new intramammary infections. these findings relate to new infection caused by aerobacter aerogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and staphylococcus aureus. quarters guarded by teat canals with larger diameter were less resistent to new infection during bot ...	1975	1192747
[role of monovalent cations in reactions catalyzed by glycerol dehydrase from aerobacter aerogenes].	cobamide-dependent glyceroldehydrase (gdh) is shown to have an absolute requirement in monovalent cations: k+, nh4+, tl+, rb+ and cs+. dependencies of initial dehydratation rates of three substrates: glycerol, ethyleneglycol and 1,2-propandiol on the concentration of k+ are studied. km values for k+, nh4+ and tl+ are calculated to be 7-10-3, 4-10-3 and 1-10-3 m respectively. effect of k+ on km values for glycerol and coenzyme and on maximal reaction rate is investigated. it is shown that the app ...	1975	1203374
transient response of enterobacter aerogenes under a dual nutrient limitation in a chemostat.	utilizing a chemostat with a dual nutrient limitation of nitrogen and phosphate, we examined the transient response of the culture following a pulse of one of the limiting nutrients (ammonia). this method provided quantitative evidence that cells can be grown under dual nutrient limitation. furthermore, the pattern of response was consistent with the hypothesis that phosphate limitation restricts nucleic acid synthesis in the cell and that nitrogen limitation restricts protein synthesis. the net ...	1976	1252609
bioenergetic aspects of aerobic growth of klebsiella aerogenes nctc 418 in carbon-limited and carbon-sufficient chemostat culture.	carbon-limited chemostat cultures of klebsiella aerogenes nctc 418 consumed more oxygen per unit of cell synthesis when growing on mannitol or glycerol than when growing on glucose; and since the "maintenance" requirements were similar, this suggested that the extra reducing equivalents present in these compounds were oxidized wastefully. by comparison with carbon-limited cultures, carbon-sufficient cultures that were ammonia-, sulphate- or phosphate-limited generally consumed considerably more ...	1976	1259519
decreased riboflavin formation in mutants of aerobacter (enterobacter) aerogenes deficient in the butanediol pathway.	riboflavin concentration increased linearly for more than 60 h in wild type cultures, whereas in three mutants deficient in the formation of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol the production ceased at the end of exponential growth.	1976	1260022
dna relatedness among species of enterobacter and serratia.	species of enterobacter and serratia were examined for deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness to klebsielleae, to atypical erwiniae, and to other members of enterobacteriaceae. deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and then hydroxyapatite chromatography was the technique used to assess relatedness. strains of enterobacter cloacae formed two separate hybridization groups that correlate with the presence or absence of yellow pigment. pigmented e. cloacae were 75-100% related, but they were only 40-50% re ...	1976	1260520
ammonia-sensitive mutant of klebsiella aerogenes.	we have isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant of klebsiella aerogenes unable to grow aerobically at 42 c in standard glucose minimal medium containing 0.03 m ammonium sulfate as a source of nitrogen. this strain, mk810, will grow at this temperature in significantly lower concentrations of ammonia (1 mm) or when ammonia is replaced by a growth rate-limiting source of nitrogen such as histidine or glutamate. a detailed physiological characterization and preliminary biochemical tests support the ...	1976	1262316
blockage by acetylene of nitrous oxide reduction in pseudomonas perfectomarinus.	suspensions of denitrifying cells of pseudomonas perfectomarinus reduced nitrate and nitrate as expected to dinitrogen; but, in the presence of acetylene, nitrous oxide accumulated when nitrate or nitrate was reduced. when supplied at the outset in place of nitrate and nitrate, nitrous oxide was rapidly reduced to dinitrogen by cells incubated in anaerobic vessels in the absence of acetylene. in the presence of 0.01 atmospheres of acetylene, however, nitrous oxide was not reduced. ethylene was n ...	1976	1267447
studies on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. an associating-dissociating system.	the techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity and frontal analysis on sephadex have been used to demonstrate that preparations of imp dehydrogenase (imp: nad+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.2.1.14) from aerobacter aerogenes consist of a mixture of molecular weight isomers. further, it has been shown that dissociation of the higher molecular weight forms is promoted by urea, sodium dodecyl sulphate and dithiothreitol. under conditions comparable to those used for kinetic anal ...	1976	1268228
[formation of bactericidal substances by cosmarium impressulum (author's transl)].	1. an already published test method for detecting bactericidal substances in paper chromatograms was further improved. 2. in cultures of cosmarium impressulum free from bacteria, two bactericidal substances were found in the ether extracts from the algae and two others in the extracts of the culture medium. the are active against some or all bacteria testes (serratia marcescens, pseudomonas fluorescens; aerobacter aerogenes or bacillus pumilus). 3. if the culture medium of cosmarium or another d ...	1976	1275650
the enzyme complex citramalate lyase from clostridium tetanomorphum.	1. the enzyme citramalate from clostridium tetanomorphum is not stable in crude extracts. however, the inactive enzyme can be reactivated by incubation with dithioerythritol followed by acetylation with acetic anhydride. reactivation was also obtained with acetate, atp, mgcl2 and acetate : sh-enzyme ligases (amp) from c. tetanomorphum or klebsiella aerogenes. 2. incubation of the inactive enzyme with iodoacetate resulted in rapid loss of enzymic activity as determined by reactivation with acetic ...	1976	1278156
detection of ciprofloxacin resistance in gram-negative bacteria due to alterations in gyra.	two plasmids containing the cloned escherichia coli wild-type gyra gene were used to transform ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates to screen for dna gyrase a-mediated quinolone resistance. the results show that the technique is simple and applicable to a wide range of gram-negative species including e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella aerogenes, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, campylobacter jejuni and neisseria gonorrhoeae. the use of an ...	1992	1310671
expression of helicobacter pylori urease genes in escherichia coli grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions.	helicobacter pylori produces a potent urease that is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases. four genes (urea, ureb, urec, and ured) were previously shown to be able to achieve a urease-positive phenotype when introduced into campylobacter jejuni, whereas escherichia coli cells harboring these genes did not express urease activity (a. labigne, v. cussac, and p. courcoux, j. bacteriol. 173:1920-1931, 1991). results that demonstrate that h. pylori urease genes could ...	1992	1313413
in vitro antibacterial activity of q-35, a new fluoroquinolone.	the in vitro activity of q-35, an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin. the mics of q-35 for 90% of strains tested (mic90s) of staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and streptococcus pyogenes were 0.2, 6.25, 0.2, 0.39, and 0.39 micrograms/ml, respectively. the activity of q-35 was 4- to 16-fold greater than those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxac ...	1992	1329626
mobilization of nonconjugative pbr322-derivative plasmids from laboratory strains of escherichia coli to bacteria isolated from seawater.	mobilization of derivatives of plasmids pbr322 and pbr325 was shown to occur between escherichia coli k12 strains in lb-broth at 37 degrees c, provided a mobilizer plasmid (f') was present either together with the nonconjugative plasmid or in a second donor strain. evidence from restriction endonuclease analysis suggested that the mobilization was facilitated by a transposition phenomenon involving the "gamma-delta" sequence of f'. it was shown that mobilization of a derivative of pbr325 from e. ...	1992	1341984
sites of cadmium uptake in bacteria used for biosorption.	electron microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy were used to determine location and type of cadmium biosorption on and in bacteria, some of which produced extracellular polymers. examined arthrobacter and pseudomonas species appear to have detoxification systems that precipitate cadmium internally irrespective of whether or not they excrete polymers. capsular klebsiella aerogenes strains showed minimal intracellular uptake but over a 5-100 mg dm-3 cd range produced the highest net metal removal level ...	1990	1366533
recombinant brewer's yeast strains suitable for accelerated brewing.	four brewer's yeast strains carrying the alpha-ald gene of klebsiella terrigena (ex. aerobacter aerogenes) or of enterobacter aerogenes on autonomously replicating plasmids were constructed. the alpha-ald genes were linked either to the adc1 promoter or to the pgk1 promoter of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in pilot scale brewing (50 l) with three of these recombinant yeasts the formation of diacetyl in beer was so low during fermentation that lagering was not required. all other brewing proper ...	1990	1366907
gene cloning of the maoa gene and overproduction of a soluble monoamine oxidase from klebsiella aerogenes.	we cloned the structural gene for monoamine oxidase (maoa) from klebsiella aerogenes into a pki212 vector in an maoa mutant strain of k. aerogenes. deletion analysis and complementation tests of the recombinant plasmid showed that the maoa gene was located entirely within a 4.1-kb segment. in an maoa mutant strain harbouring the cloned maoa gene, synthesis of monoamine oxidase was induced by addition of tyramine and related compounds. transfer of a plasmid containing the maoa gene into a monoami ...	1991	1367577
purification and characterization of superoxide dismutase from aerobacter aerogenes.	superoxide dismutase (sod) was purified from aerobacter aerogenes ifo 3317 to an electrophoretically homogeneous state and partially characterized. sod was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on deae-sephadex a-50, gel filtration on sephadex g-100, phenyl-toyopearl 650 m hydrophobic chromatography, and hydroxyapatite adsorption chromatography. the molecular weight and subunit molecular weight of the purified enzyme were estimated to be 45,000 and 22,000, respectivel ...	1991	1368658
sheen formation and growth response of groundwater bacteria to reduced oxygen concentrations during incubation of m-endo medium.	in vitro pure-culture studies were conducted to assess growth and sheen formation of groundwater bacteria on m-endo medium incubated under reduced oxygen concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%). coliform and noncoliform bacteria were isolated from 17 untreated, rural groundwater supplies on m-endo medium. all 16 coliform isolates tested were capable of sheen formation at oxygen concentrations of 4% or greater, yet some of these same isolates (enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, and hafni ...	1992	1393829
site-directed mutagenesis of the active site cysteine in klebsiella aerogenes urease.	cysteine 319 in the large subunit of klebsiella aerogenes urease was identified as an essential catalytic residue based on chemical modification studies (todd, m.j., and hausinger, r.p. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 24327-24331). through site-directed mutagenesis, this cysteine has been changed independently to alanine, serine, aspartate, and tyrosine. none of these mutations (c319a, c319s, c319d, and c319y, respectively) affected the size or level of synthesis of the urease subunits as monitored b ...	1992	1400317
preliminary crystallographic studies of urease from jack bean and from klebsiella aerogenes.	ureases from both jack bean (canavalia ensiformis) seeds and klebsiella aerogenes have been crystallized by the hanging drop method. the plant-derived urease crystals are regular octahedra analogous to those obtained by sumner. preliminary x-ray diffraction studies show that the crystals belong to the cubic space group f4(1)32, with a = 364 a, and appear to contain one or two subunits in the asymmetric unit. using a synchrotron source, the crystals diffract to near 3.5 a resolution. crystals of ...	1992	1404395
a 56-month prospective surveillance study on the epidemiology of aminoglycoside resistance in a belgian general hospital.	in this survey, we studied the effect of extensive amikacin usage on the epidemiology of aminoglycoside resistance in a general hospital. the baseline resistance in the 12 months before amikacin was 5.8% for amikacin, 15.2% for gentamicin, 16.4% for tobramycin and 14.0% for netilmicin. during the following 44 months, amikacin was the aminoglycoside of first choice. in the first 2 years of this phase, resistance to amikacin did not change significantly. later, amikacin resistance rose significant ...	1992	1411316
a locus that contributes to colonization of the intestinal tract by bacteroides thetaiotaomicron contains a single regulatory gene (chur) that links two polysaccharide utilization pathways.	previously, we isolated two tn4351-generated mutants of bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (46-1 and cs3) that were unable to grow either on heparin or on chondroitin sulfate. this phenotype was unexpected, since the heparin and chondroitin sulfate utilization pathways had appeared from earlier studies to be independent of each other. mutants 46-1 and cs3 were also of interest because both were unable to compete successfully with wild-type b. thetaiotaomicron in the intestinal tracts of germfree mice. ...	1992	1429442
[antibacterial activities of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates].	to investigate antibacterial activities of sisomicin (siso), mics of siso as well as other aminoglycosides (ags) were determined against many clinical isolates which were obtained in 1991. results are summarized below: 1. no siso-resistant strains were observed among isolates of escherichia coli, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii. 2. in comparison with the results of our previous study against isolat ...	1992	1433905
cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 21-kilodalton outer membrane protein from bordetella avium and expression of the gene in salmonella typhimurium.	three gene libraries of bordetella avium 197 dna were prepared in escherichia coli le392 by using the cosmid vectors pcp13 and pya2329, a derivative of pcp13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. the cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-b. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against b. avium 197 outer membrane proteins. one e. coli recombinant clone produced a 56-kda protein which reacted with convalescent-phase serum from a turkey infected with b. avium 197. i ...	1992	1447140
putative nickel-binding sites of microbial proteins.	nickel is biologically important because of its catalytic role in the mechanisms of action of metalloenzymes, and also because of its toxic cellular effects. there exist at least 3 groups of nickel-binding proteins in microorganisms: nickel-specific transporters, accessory proteins involved in nickel incorporation and nickel-containing enzymes. the differences in their physiological functions determine the nature of the ligands and the structures of the nickel-binding sites. the homology among t ...	1992	1448619
pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility profiles in the urinary tract.	of 2,780 specimens of midstream urine (msu) collected from patients of medical out-patient unit of lagos university teaching hospital (luth), and examined between march 1989 and february 1990, 780 (28.1%) had bacterial colony counts greater than 100,000 per ml. the commonest pathogens were e. coli, klebsiella aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa. 9.8% of the infections were caused by gram-positive bacteria while 6.0% were due to the fungus, candida albicans and candida species.	1992	1473516
survey of the prevalence of beta-lactamases amongst 1000 gram-negative bacilli isolated consecutively at the royal london hospital.	beta-lactamase expression was examined in 1000 consecutive gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine, wound swab, sputum or blood specimens received at the microbiology laboratory of the royal london hospital. this survey, performed between january and april, 1991, followed a similar study undertaken in early 1982. the distribution of species was similar in the two surveys, except that the proportion of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had increased from 11% in 1982 to 17.5% in the present study. ...	1992	1490917
separation and identification of the 4-hydroxyantipyrine sulphoconjugate.	in a previous study we observed, during separation of total antipyrine metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography and after enzymatic hydrolysis, an unidentified peak corresponding to an ionic compound with pyrazolinone features. in the present study, this compound was identified as the 4-hydroxyantipyrine sulphoconjugate, and its structure was definitively confirmed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis and by the use of pure synthetic substance. we also demonstrated the ...	1992	1500444
klebsiella pneumoniae as a spoilage organism in mozzarella cheese.	a high concentration of total and fecal coliforms (5 x 10(8) and 3 x 10(7) cfu/g, respectively) was observed in samples representative of two production lots of mozzarella cheese from a local dairy. contamination was manifested by the swelling of plastic pouches and the formation of gas holes in mozzarella cheese. aerobic and anaerobic sporeformers, heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, propionibacteria, and yeasts were absent. of the 41 isolates identified, there were 37 klebsiella pneumonia ...	1992	1500546
unsuspected meningitis diagnosed by in-111 labeled leukocytes. a case report.	clinically unsuspected bacterial meningitis was found in a patient with fever of unknown origin. blood and urine cultures were negative for growth. chest radiography and abdominal ct were negative for infection. triple-phase bone imaging was performed to rule out osteomyelitis from a gunshot wound. a left posterior iliac crest hot spot may have represented osteomyelitis, but in-111 labeled leukocyte imaging instead disclosed unsuspected meningitis. the csf culture after the imaging was positive ...	1992	1505126
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ljc 10,627.	the in vitro activity of ljc 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. ljc 10,627 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, hafnia alvei, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus rettgeri, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae ...	1992	1510436
the bactericidal effect of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase on bacteria.	the bactericidal activity of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nagase) on some of the potential bacterial pathogens of the cow was determined. nagase treatment significantly decreased the mean log10 number of actinomyces pyogenes (p less than 0.01) and staphylococcus aureus (p less than 0.05) after 2 and 4 hours of incubation at 37 degrees c. similarly nagase treatment significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the mean log10 number of streptococcus agalactiae and pseudomonas aeruginosa after 4 hou ...	1992	1514239
[isolation and various properties of alpha-aminocaprolactam hydrolase from klebsiella aerogenes].	l-alpha-aminocaprolactam hydrolase possessing the l lysine amidase activity was isolated from klebsiella aerogenes and purified. the procedure of enzymes purification included cell destruction on usdn-i, fractionation by ammonium sulfate, gel chromatography on g-200. the preparation of the purified enzyme possessed specific activity of 50 mumol of lysin per 1 mg of protein per hour. km was 2.6 mm in case of phosphate buffer (ph 7.2) for i-alpha-aminocaprolactam. besides l-alpha-aminocaprolactam ...	1992	1519339
imipenem resistance in enterobacter aerogenes is associated with derepression of chromosomal cephalosporinases and impaired permeability.	enterobacter aerogenes mutants with high-level resistance to imipenem were studied. they were derived from strains characterized by stable over-production of a class-i beta-lactamase. this enzyme (pi = 8.2) exhibited high affinity toward imipenem and hydrolysed the drug slowly. imipenem-resistant mutants lacked a major 43-kda outer membrane protein and displayed decreased permeability to cephaloridine. introduction of a plasmid coding for the regulatory ampd gene abolished beta-lactamase product ...	1992	1526451