Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the bactericidal action of benzoic acid and sodium acetate on the gram-negative flora of dialysis fluid. | benzoic acid in concentrations from 0.18 per cent and upwards exerted a bactericidal action on the gram-negative flora of dialysis fluid at ph 4.75 in vitro. at a concentration of 0.32 per cent, a reduction of 10(5) was obtained with 24 hours. sulphonamide resistance did not affect the bactericidal action. the killing effect was hardly more than directly proportional to the concentration of benzoic acid. increasing inoculum decreased the bactericidal effect. therefore, benbzoic acid should not b ... | 1976 | 788461 |
| isolation of l-forms by blood culture. | culture media for the isolation of bacterial l-forms from the blood were studied. the most successful media had an osmolality of more than 1100 mosm/kg and this appeared to be a critical factor in determining success. | 1976 | 789403 |
| [comparative studies with the rapid kcn-test for enterobacteriaceae according to cahan, sechter and ohad (author's transl)]. | 581 strains of enterobacteriaceae (184 of salmonella, 100 of shigella, 31 of citrobacter freundii, 61 of escherichia coli, 40 of klebsiella, 165 of proteus) were investigated in comparison with the kcn-test according to møller and with the rapid kcn-test according to cahan, sechter and ohad. there was found that the results obtained with both methods were identical to 99 percent. in both tests there could be observed that inexplicable differences occur only in two strains of proteus mirabilis. t ... | 1976 | 790855 |
| clinical evaluation of the minitek differential system for identification of enterobacteriaceae. | forty-one stock organisms and 581 fresh clinical isolates were used in comparing the minitek system to conventional tubed media to determine if this system is feasible and accurate for a high-volume clinical microbiology laboratory. in addition to comparison with tubed media, the following parameters were tested: (i) reproducibility of disks, (ii) the effect of variation in inoculum size, (iii) the effect of the age of culture, and (iv) the effect of predispensing disks. a total of 5,947 disks w ... | 1976 | 791964 |
| toxigenic bacterial diarrhea: nursery outbreak involving multiple bacterial strains. | an outbreak of watery diarrhea occurred in 14 of 15 infants in a special care unit over a four-day period. using the cho cell assay for enterotoxin, we found that 11 of these patients had toxigenic bacteria in their stools. these bacteria comprised nine different serotypes of three species of organisms: escherichia coli, klebsiella, and citrobacter. none of the three serotypes of e. coli were classic enteropathogenic serotypes. rectal swab specimens from all 15 infants were examined for the pres ... | 1976 | 792408 |
| angiographic and ultrasonic findings in infected simple cysts of the kidney. | this paper describes angiographic and ultrasonic findings in three patients with proven infected renal cyst. the clinical picture was that of inflammatory renal disease. b-mode ultrasonography showed the characteristic features of renal cyst; however, this technique cannot differentiate between infected and simple cysts. selective renal angiography demonstrated the following, enabling differentiation from simple renal cyst; hypervascular rim, irregular inflammatory vessels, indistinct interface ... | 1976 | 793426 |
| radiologic features of gram-negative pneumonias in the neutropenic patient. | while gram-negative pneumonia is a frequent complication in immunosuppressed patients with malignant disease, the diagnosis is difficult to establish. clinical and radiographic study of 195 episodes of pneumonia in 175 consecutive patients was undertaken. chest radiographs were negative in 19% of the episodes, probably due to absence of alveolar inflammatory cell infiltrate. radiographic patterns were classified as either alveolar or mixed alveolar and interstitial; no case of interstitial patte ... | 1976 | 793427 |
| [comparative results of cephacetrile with cefazolin in complicated urinary tract infections by means of double-blind trials (author's transl)]. | in order to elucidate the usefulness of cephacetrile (cec), comparative trials with cefazolin (cez) were carried out in the patients with complicated infections of the urinary tract, and the following results were obtained: 1. there were no statistically significant differences or tendencies observed between the groups given cec and cez in either of the global effects, bacteriological effects, rate of superinfection, relapse, relapse with bacterial alternation, drug usefulness, rate of improveme ... | 1976 | 796485 |
| [role of conventionally pathogenic/intestinal bacteria in surgical practice (literature survey)]. | 1976 | 796557 | |
| the mutagenicity of cyclamates and their metabolites. | 1976 | 796692 | |
| [drug resistance and virulence of citrobacter isolated from the focus of piglet intoxication]. | 1976 | 797596 | |
| on the serological relationship between salmonella o-groups 48 and 64 and the corresponding arizona o-groups 5 and 29 which would justify a merger of these groups. | in 1963 kauffmann divided o-group y (o:48) of the kauffmann-white schema into 3 sub-groups, e.g. 48(1),48(2) (s. dahlem), 48(1),48(2),48(3) (s. djakarta), 48(1),48(3),48(4) (citrobacter 2624/36). he also recommended the use of the two serotypes s. dahlem and s. djakarta for the preparation of a diagnostic group-serum. at that time, serological relations--especially o-antigenic relations (and even some identities)--between the separate salmonella and arizona genera were known, viz. between the sa ... | 1976 | 799475 |
| use of tergitol-7 agar in the clinical laboratory. | tergitol-7 agar has been utilized in the author's laboratory for eight years and has been found the superior medium for the rapid isolation, separation and identification of gram negative bacilli found in a clinical setting. | 1975 | 803348 |
| herd studies on coliform mastitis. | escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, and klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63, 10, and 11 percent, respectively, of 158 coliform organisms recovered from mastitis cases in 8 california herds. the severity and nature of the coliform mastitis problem were found to vary greatly among herds but were characteristic for each of 4 herds studied in detail. | 1975 | 804464 |
| transformation of elemental mercury by bacteria. | the fate and impact of elemental mercury in closed bacterial cultures were examined. the quantity of elemental mercury oxidized by bacteria ranged from small amounts for pseudomonas aeruginosa, p. fluorescens, escherichia coli, and citrobacter to essentially all of the added elemental mercury for bacillus subtilis and b. megaterium. the percentage of the total mercury in the system associated with bacterial cells ranged from 18.6 to 43.2%. growth of the two pseudomonas species was inhibited by e ... | 1975 | 804851 |
| lack of mutagenicity of chlormequat chloride in drosophila and in bacteria. | 1975 | 805365 | |
| consequences of microbial contamination during extended intravenous therapy using inline filters. | a study was conducted to determine: (1) the effectiveness of 0.22-mum and 0.45-mum pore size membrane filters in retaining microorganisms over a period of 72 hours of intravenous fluid administration; (2) the growth and multiplication characteristics of microorganisms retained on the filter; and (3) the possibility of pyrogens being released by microorganisms trapped on the filter. lactated ringer's injection was used as the i.v. solution. the 0.45-mum filter was found to be effective in retain ... | 1975 | 805533 |
| in vitro bacteriological study of a new antibiotic substance: sisomicin. | effects of a new antimicrobial agent sisomicin on microorganisms isolated from pathologic material (pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella spp., streptococcus pyogenes-b, citrobacter freundii) were studied. the results obtained were compared with another two aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin and tobramycin. all three antibiotics were found to be very effective in vitro; their effect was enhanced by addition of an antibiotic of ... | 1975 | 809943 |
| bacteriophage typing of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. | 1975 | 811424 | |
| thin-layer chromatographic technique for rapid detection of bacterial phospholipases. | silica gel thin-layer chromatography was employed to detect lecithinase activity induced from bacterial resting cell preparations induced from bacterial resting cell preparations incubated at 37 c for 4 h in the presence of purified egg yolk lecithin. bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrolyzed lecithin with the formation of free fatty acids as the sole lipid-soluble product. in none of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains teste ... | 1975 | 811682 |
| [citrobacter persistence in the intestinal tract of guinea pigs depending on the microecological status]. | gnotobiological studies were conducted on germ-free guinea pigs. association of the animals with the citrobacteria 5396/38 strain led to the reproduction of these bacteria in numbers exceeding the sum total number of all the representatives of the normal microbial flora in the conventional animals. association lasting for a period of 46 days caused no antibody formation in the blood serum of these animals in difference to conventional guinea pigs immunized parenterally. conventionalization of th ... | 1975 | 813461 |
| [resistance patterns of certain enterobacteriaceae in hospital and outpatients, with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)]. | the relative sensitivities of certain enterobacteriaceae strains obtained from impatient and outpatient material for investigation against trimethoprim-sulf-amethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin and tetracycline are reported. the efficacy of the substances tested was very varied, the resistance rates to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole being most favorable. differences in sensitivity could be established between strains from inpatient and outpatient material. resistance r ... | 1976 | 817195 |
| bactericidal efficacy of sch 20569 and amikacin against gentamicin-sensitive and -resistant organisms. | sch 20569 is a semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin with activity against many gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. we compared its bactericidal action with that of gentamicin and amikacin against 171 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. sch 20569 and amikacin showed markedly greater activity than gentamicin against escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and indole-positive proteus, primarily by virtue of their let ... | 1976 | 817661 |
| [total count and bacterial flora of minced meat with special reference to enterobacteria and pseudomonads (author's transl)]. | the bacterial flora of minced meat is dominated by micrococcaceae. in addition lactobacilli, pseudomonads, and enterobacteria are present in high numbers. the most important groups of spoiled meat are lactobacilli and pseudomonads. enterobacteria develop predominantly at higher spoilage temperatures (15 degrees c). a more detailed study was conducted on 1076 cultures of enterobacteria and 915 cultures of pseudomonads. the main groups of enterobacteria found on minced meat are enterobacter liquef ... | 1975 | 820123 |
| interference by neisseria gonorrhoeae growth by other bacterial species. | growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens has been enhanced by the use of selective media that inhibit the simultaneous growth of other microorganisms. one explanation for this enhancement could be that certain other bacteria inhibit gonococcal growth. this hypothesis was examined by testing 167 bacterial isolates for in vitro gonococcal inhibition; 34.1% of the isolates failed to inhibit the gonococcus, but 12.0% produced weak inhibition and 53.9% strongly inhibited n. gonorrhoeae ... | 1976 | 823175 |
| [gram-negative infections in severe thermal injury]. | among 78 patients with persistant bacteriemia the latter was induced by staphylococci in 59 and by gram-negative microflora in 19 patients. in 14 of 19 patients gram-negative septicemia was preceded by staphylococcic one. gram-negative septicemia would condition in patients the development of pyemic foci not only in the wound area but also in some portions of the body and in internal organs as well. among 19 patients with gram-negative septicemia 12 patients died, while among 59 patients with st ... | 1976 | 823688 |
| in vitro comparison of netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and four other aminoglycoside antibiotics. | one hundred isolates of pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae, of which 85 were chosen because of their resistance to gentamicin or amikacin, were tested for susceptibility to netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and to four other aminoglycosides. tests were performed in mueller-hinton agar and, with 43 of these isolates, also in mueller-hinton broth. most isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and serratia that were gentamicin resistant ... | 1976 | 825021 |
| [sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infections towards terizidon (author's transl)]. | in agar diffusion tests 2603 bacterial strains of species known to cause urinary tract infections were tested routinely in regard to their sensitivity towards terizidon, a derivative of cycloserine. in order to relate the results which were obtained in terms of the diameter of the inhibiton zone, to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic), 304 of these strains were tested additionally in agar dilution tests. the mics of the other strains were estimated from the results of these tests. since ... | 1976 | 826024 |
| [antimicrobical resistance of bacterial strains isolated in specimens of the respiratory tract (author's transl)]. | more than 4,000 susceptibility tests of antimicrobical agents performed in two years with six groups of microorganisms: 1) staphylococcus, 2) escherichia coli, 3) proteus, 4) enterobacter and klebsiella, 5) citrobacter, 6) pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been compared. percentages of antimicrobical resistance of every group are here related and statistically compared to discover significant susceptibility variations of bacteria isolated in 1973 and 1974. | 1976 | 827986 |
| [on the growth of various enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and alkaligenes spec. in distilled water, de-ionized water, tap water, and mineral salt solution (author's transl)]. | the behaviour of 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria was analysed in media having a low content of nutrients. sterile tap water, de-ionized water, aqua bidestillata and mineral salt solution were used. it was found that serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, klebsiella and citrobacter are those with the most frequently observed growth. in the mineral salt solution survived also providencia, e. coli, erwinia, hafnia, and alkaligenes and reached max. colony numbers of some 100 ... | 1976 | 828367 |
| [further researches on antimicrobial agents involvement in urine bacteriological analysis (author's transl)]. | a further investigation on about 2700 urine samples for testing the presence of antimicrobial drugs (spot-test) has been carried out. bacteriostatic agents were present in 35% of all samples analysed, of these, 47% were urines producing no growth on culturing, 10% had a bacterial count of 10(4) and 43% of 10(5) or more. the frequency of the spot-test positive samples was correlated to the origin from the different hospital departments. gram-positive bacteria were the most represented in the samp ... | 1976 | 828484 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of 100 significant urocultures]. | the authors illustrate a screening for bacteriuria performed on 348 samples of urine by patients occurred to observation in two departments of internal medicine from october 1973 to october 1974. the technique to sampling urine has been the meadstream. colony counts of over 10(5) germs per ml or urine were shown in 100 cases. selective culture media were used for urinary bacteria identification. the aa. show a series of considerations on the pathogenetic significance of microbial cell concentrat ... | 1975 | 829592 |
| the evolution of the sensitivity to fosfomycin over the past two years. | the sensitivity of 1,823 bacteriological strains of differing types is shown (e. coli, klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia, proteus-providence, pseudomonas, salmonella-shigella-citrobacter, haemophilus, staphylococcus and streptococcus); all of clinical origin, isolated during march and april, 1975. the methods used were series of double dilutions in mueller-hinton agar and the disc-plate method (weight of 50 mug). a comparative study is made of the sensitivity between a part of the present strains ... | 1977 | 832547 |
| prototrophic growth of citrobacter freundii and the biochemical basis for its apparent growth requirements in aerated media. | 1977 | 833571 | |
| laboratory evaluation of fr10024 a new cephalosporin derivative. | fr10024 is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. the in vitro antibacterial activity of fr10024 against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis is greater than that of any of the cephalosporins developed to date. indole-positive proteus, enterobacter, and citrobacter are resistant to fr10024, as is true for the other cephalosporins. however, more than half of the strains of enterobacter and citrobacter tested were susceptible to fr10024 a ... | 1977 | 836014 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) as an aid in differentiating citrobacter species. | the hydrogen sulfide-negative citrobacter group represents a taxonomic problem. various investigators have proposed such designations as padlewskia, levinea, atypical enterobacter cloacae, h2s-negative variants of citrobacter, citrobacter koseri and citrobacter diversus. this problem has been investigated with emphasis on antibiograms as a means of discrimination. clinical isolates fitting the designation citrobacter were studied and, using the criteria of ewing and davis, separated into two gro ... | 1977 | 836626 |
| distinctive electrophoretic patterns of esterases from levinea malonatica, levinea amalonatica and citrobacter. | esterases of 42 strains of levinea malonatica, levinea amalonatica and citrobacter were analysed by horizontal slab electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-agarosegel using several synthetic substrates. on the basis of esterase zymograms a distinctive pattern was established for each of the three species. levinea malonatica was characterized by two major bands: one hydrolysing acetate esters but not butyrate esters; and the other hydrolysing alpha-naphthyl acetate and reacting weakly with alpha-naphth ... | 1977 | 856943 |
| [characteristics of bacteria of the genus citrobacter, isolated from healthy children and children with different acute gastrointestinal diseases]. | the authors examined 250 children suffering from various acute gastrointestinal diseases, and 100 healthy children. positive cultures of bacteria belonging to the citrobacter genus were obtained in 38% of the patients and in 20% of the healthy persons. there were revealed no cultural or biochemical differences between the strains isolated from the sick and healthy individuals. there were revealed no cultural or biochemical differences between the strains isolated from the sich and healthy person ... | 1977 | 868406 |
| [main theme i. antibiotics - resistance of infection--nosocomial infections. properties of chemotherapeutics and their influence on the body-specific flora]. | 1977 | 876135 | |
| serologic relationship of fimbriae among enterobacteriaceae. | the existence of serological relationship of fimbriae among serotypes of the same genus and among genera of enterobacteriaceae was determined by agglutination and absorption procedures. it was found that fimbriae of different serotypes of the same genus and among the genera a) escherichia, shigella and klebsiella, and b) salmonella, arizona and citrobacter were more or less antigentically related. no relationship was found among fimbriae of the edwardsiella, enterobacter, hafnia, serratia, prote ... | 1977 | 880000 |
| [sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria of the genus citrobacter isolated from patients with acute intestinal infections of unclear etiology]. | sensitivity of citrobacter isolated from the patients with acute gastro-intestinal infections of unknown etiology in volgograd was studied. the antibiotic sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by the method of dilution in nutrient agar. most of the isolates were sensitive to kanamycin, tetracycline and polymyxin. all strains were resistant to ristomycin. the sensitivity of the local strains differed from that described in the literature. among sero groups 05, 08 and 023 all strains were resi ... | 1977 | 883782 |
| thermal inactivation of a citrobacter ribonuclease: influence of polyamines and ionic strength. | 1977 | 883832 | |
| [microbiological pollution of the environment due to breeding. i. enterobacteriaceae due to cattle breeding]. | enterobacteriaceae from faeces of cattle belonging to four cattle farms situated in the ferrara district were investigated. at the same time, investigation was made of effluent sewage and recipient wells (upstream and downstream). the cattle (of the italian frisona breed) resulted uncontaminated by salmonellae, but proved to be very susceptible to arizona, citrobacter, shigella and s. gallinarum-pullorum infections, coming from the environment. predominant species in faeces were as follows: prot ... | 1977 | 911464 |
| cerebral abscesses complicating neonatal citrobacter freundii meningitis. | 1977 | 919545 | |
| morphogenesis of early 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced lesions and latent period reduction of colon carcinogenesis in mice by a variant of citrobacter freundii. | the morphogenesis of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh)-induced lesions in the colon of outbred nih swiss mice was determined for up to 5 months of treatment. the effect of hyperplasia on dmh carcinogenesis was also evaluated by introducing a transient hyperplastic stimulus to the colon during the chronic weekly treatment regimen of dmh. the hyperplastic stimulus was a naturally occurring disease of mice, transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, which is caused by a variant of citrobacter freundii. i ... | 1977 | 922726 |
| in vitro studies with cefazaflur and other parenteral cephalosporins. | cefazaflur has a broad-spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity equal to or greater than that of the commercially-available cephalosporins. in addition, cefazaflur has activity against isolates of enterobacter, citrobacter and indole-positive proteus; however, this activity decreased markedly when the mic determinations were carried out with a large inoculum size. a similar inoculum effect was observed with cefamandole, however, cefoxitin's activity was relatively unchanged at increased inocu ... | 1977 | 924896 |
| antimicrobial sensitivity of aerobic gram-negative rods isolated from bovin udder infections. | antimicrobial sensitivity of 214 aerobic gram-negative rods recovered from infected bovine mammary glands was determined. seventeen antimicrobial agents were used. more than 90% of the cultures were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and polymyxin b. these 3 antimicrobials are not approved for infusion into the bovine mammary gland. escherichia coli was most sensitive to the 17 antimicrobials, and in decreasing sequence, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter spp, enterobacter spp, and proteu ... | 1977 | 931132 |
| serotyping of strains belonging to the citrobacter-levinea group isolated from diagnostic material. | a proposal is presented for the serotyping of citrobacter-levinea strains: 9 serotypes for citrobacter diversus (levinea malonatica) and 13 serotypes for h2s-negative, indole-positive variants of citrobacter freundii (levinea amalonatica), which showed a considerable antigenic diversity. by means of both kinds of antiserum types 80 per cent of the strains (l. malonatica 100 per cent, l. amalonatica 72 per cent) from a series of 106 strains isolated from different diagnostic material were serolo ... | 1976 | 936828 |
| laboratory studies with a new broad-spectrum penicillin, pirbenicillin. | pirbenicillin {6-[d-2-phenyl-2(n-4-pyridylformimidoylaminoacetamido) -acetamido]-penicillanic acid} showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro and also in the treatment of experimental infections after parenteral administration to mice. against pseudomonas aeruginosa, a three- to fourfold potency advantage over carbenicillin was seen both in vitro and in vivo. the in vitro antibacterial spectrum of pirbenicillin includes escherichia coli, serratia, citrobacter, and enterobacter isolat ... | 1976 | 938027 |
| physiological characteristics of chemostatically grown citrobacter freundii as a function of the specific growth rate and type of nutrient limitation. | citrobacter freundii was grown aerobically in a chemostat on a mineral medium with galactose or glucose as carbon and energy sources under limitation by carbon or nitrogen source respectively. at various specific growth rates ranging from 7 to 95% mumax the culture in steady state was analysed and growth yield, specific metabolic rate of substrate utilization, intracellular concentration of pyruvate, atp, adp, amp and energy charge were determined and plotted as functions of dilution rate. in al ... | 1976 | 947835 |
| mecillinam, a novel penicillanic acid derivative with unusual activity against gram-negative bacteria. | the in vitro activity of mecillinam, a 6 beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative, was investigated. mecillinam is not active against most gram-positive coccal or bacilliary forms. many members of the enterobacteriaceae are inhibited, with 86% of escherichia coli, 71% of klebsiella, 62% of enterobacter, 75% of salmonella, 69% of shigella, and 70% of citrobacter inhibited by 6.3 mug/ml. indole-positive proteus and serratia were generally resistant as are pseudomonas strains. although mecillinam i ... | 1976 | 949176 |
| cellular localization of uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity in citrobacter freundii. | the uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity of citrobacter freundii atcc 10053 was found to be located in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of lysed spheroplasts. | 1976 | 956115 |
| nitrogen fixation by bacteria from the hindgut of termites. | anaerobically grown bacteria isolated from the hindgut contents of the termites coptotermes lacteus (froggatt), mastotermes darwiniensis froggatt and nasutitermes exitiosus (hill) were nitrogenase-positive as assayed by acetylene reduction. nitrogen fixation, confirmed with 15n2, was highest in the isolate from m. darwiniensis. all isolates were identified as citrobacter freundii (braak) werkman & gillen. | 1976 | 956782 |
| [biochemical characteristics of strains from the citrobacter and hafnia genera and their laboratory identification]. | a study of biochemical properties of 176 strains of coprocultures isolated from the patients and persons who sustained various acute enteric diseases, and also from contacts and persons examined for prophylaxis showed that they corresponded to the taxonomic definition of the citrobacter and hafnia genus. in connection with the similarity by biochemical properties between bacteria of citrobacter and salmonella genus and bacteria of hafnia and shigella genus it is of expedience in their identifica ... | 1976 | 961244 |
| [characteristics of strains of citrobacter 037 (5396/38) isolated from guinea pigs in a gnotobiologic experiment]. | no changes in the principal biochemical properties characteristic of the given genus occurred in a gnotobiological experiment of passing citrobacter bacteria through microbe free and exmicrobe-free animals. of 28 strains of this genus isolated in the course of investigation two strains lost their arginine-decarboxylase activity. in the cultures studied the quantitative content of the vi-antigen had a tendency to reduction in comparison with the initial culture used for the association. some of t ... | 1976 | 961269 |
| [immunologic reactions in man following oral immunization]. | prolonged clinico-immunological investigation was carried out on a volunteer; it was shown that a single oral vaccination with living b. citrobacter culture produced a marked immunological reaction in the form of increase of the typhoid vi- and o-coproantibodies revealed in the fecal filtrate. the greatest rise of the preventive activity of the blood serum was noted after a 4-fold vaccination, whereas the maximum antibody formation--after a five-fold immunization in doses tested in the experimen ... | 1976 | 961270 |
| [taxonomic positions of h2s-enterobacteria in relation to the genus (citrobacter) (author's transl)]. | this work studies the classification, by numerical procedure, of 111 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. their taxonomic position is discussed, in relation to the genus citrobacter, levinea, enterobacter, to which some appear to be closely associated. the study is based on the usual biochemical and nutritional characters as shown by the utilisation of substrates tested as sole sources of carbon and energy. six hierarchical classes can thus be defined. their degree of affinity wit ... | 1976 | 962250 |
| polynucleotide sequence divergence among strains of salmonella sub-genus iv and closely related organisms. | polynucleotide sequence relatedness studies were carried out to determine the extent of divergence present in salmonella sub-genus iv strains, related strains of salmonella of other sub-genera and the citrobacter genus. salmonella sub-genus iv were 91-97% related. the salmonella of sub-genus i, ii and iii showed lower binding (79-87%) to salmonella sub-genus iv. the change in thermal elution midpoint closely followed the reassociation data. relatedness of salmonella sub-genus iv and c. freundii ... | 1976 | 970830 |
| wound infection: a prospective study of 7519 operations. | wound infection was prospectively studied in 7,519 consecutive operations after preoperative classification as clean, clean-contaminated, and infected. the overall infection rate was 3.9 per cent. clean, 3.2 per cent; clean-contaminated, 4.4 per cent; contaminated, 12.4 per cent; infected, 16.2 per cent. wound infection was not seasonally related or dependent on changes in house staff. in clean cases, the predominant role of staphylococcus aureus (37%) has been superceded by enterococci (44%). i ... | 1976 | 984592 |
| laboratory evaluation of 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibacterial agent with extended broad-spectrum activity. | in the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as cp-35,587, the carboxyl function at c3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. the anti-klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of cp-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. compared to oral ... | 1976 | 984745 |
| antibiotic resistance of bacteria in water containing ornamental fishes. | water containing ornamental fishes was found to frequently contain countable numbers of bacteria that were resistant to one or more antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents. the multidrug-resistant strains most commonly isolated were lactose-fermenting citrobacter freundii. the overall resistance of these aquaria strains was greater than the previously described resistance of clinical isolates of c. freundii. although the strains examined appeared to lack r-factors, this pool of resistant bacteria ... | 1976 | 988781 |
| amikacin in obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal infections: laboratory and clinical studies. | based on the proportion of resistant, moderately sensitive, and sensitive strains, the descending order of activity of amikacin against clinical isolates of urinary pathogens was salmonella, klebsiella, enterobacter, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter, proteus species, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. however, amikacin was the most active of the antibiotics tested (including gentamicin and tobramycin) against 100 strains of p. aeruginosa. the calculated half-life of amikacin was sub ... | 1976 | 993629 |
| a simplified biochemical system to screen salmonella isolates from poultry for serotyping. | the 24 most frequently isolated paratyphoids from poultry, along with salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, plus strains of arizona, citrobacter, edwardsiella, escherichia, klebsiella, prteus, pseudomonas, serratia and shigella were inoculated into triple sugar iron (tsi) and lysine iron (li) slants and into six fermentation broths which were numbered: 1 (dextrose), 2 (lactose), 3 (sucrose), 4 (mannitol), 5 (maltose), 6 (dulcitol). all the salmonella cultures (except s. pullorum) gave a ... | 1976 | 995819 |
| [use of nessler's reagent for recognition of lysine, ornithine, and arginine decomposition by gramnegative fermentative bacteria (author's transl)]. | the reactions of lysine, ornithine and arginine decomposition are often difficult to read in falkow's medium because either the decolorization of the indicator or the lack of sharp colour differences between positive and negative reactions. in such cases nessler's reagent may be a useful aid. a volume of about 0.2 ml is added to the cultures after 4 days incubation through the mineral oil layer by means of a pipette. a positive reaction is indicated by an immediate white precipitation in case of ... | 1976 | 998031 |
| [enterobacteria of reptiles (author's transl)]. | the aerobic gram-negative faecal flora of 78 reptiles consisting of 46 species (39 lizards of 23 species, 15 tortoises of 9 species, 24 snakes of 14 species) was studied. salmonella was found to be present in 50% of lizards, in 16% of tortoises and in 16% of snakes. there were all together 15 different serotypes. edwardsiella tarda was isolated in 20% of tortoises, in 12% of snakes but only in 3% of lizards. tortoises represent therefore the possible normal habitat of edwardsiella tarda. we isol ... | 1976 | 998035 |
| tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant gram-negative rods. | sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, providencia spp, and citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolat ... | 1976 | 1000196 |
| [identification of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in laboratory practice in the diagnosis of acute intestinal diseases]. | identification of 361 cultures isolated from patients suffering from various acute intestinal diseasesand from persons who had sustained them, as well as from contacts and persons examined prophylactically with the use of various biochemical tests showed that ty their taxonomic properties the cultures were referred to conditionally-pathogenic representatives of enterobacteriaceae of the corresponding genera:citrobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, proteus, providencia. serological typing of the strains ... | 1976 | 1007731 |
| [bacteria of the citrobacter genus as one of the possible indeices of dysbacteriosis in intestinal diseases]. | a study of the incidence of detection of bacteria of the citrobacter genus in chronic intestinal diseases with the clinical and bacteriological manifestations of dysbacteriosis indicated that the mentioned conditioned pathogenic bacteria were revealed with the same frequency as bacteria of the proteus genus which served as the commonly accepted index of intestinal dysbacteriosis. comparative analysis of the intestinal microbial flora of the patients led to a supposition that bacteria of the citr ... | 1976 | 1007743 |
| enterotoxin-producing bacteria and parasites in stools of ethiopian children with diarrhoeal disease. | enterotoxinogenic bacteria were isolated from 131 (37%) of 354 ethiopian infants and children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. only one of these isolates belonged to the classical enteropathogenic serotypes of esch. coli. two colonies from each patient were isolated and tested for production of enterotoxin by the rabbit ileal loop test, the rabbit skin test, and an adrenal cell assay. however, only 38% of the isolated enterotoxinogenic strains were esch. coli; the others belonged to klebsie ... | 1976 | 1008593 |
| citrobacter koseri meningitis in a special care baby unit. | an outbreak of meningitis due to citrobacter koseri in a special care baby unit is described. the organism showed a high capacity for spread among the babies on the unit and although the intestinal carriage rate was high, the clinical case:carrier ratio was low. | 1976 | 1010878 |
| [coliform microflora of commercial caucasian cheese]. | studied was in the course of several years the extent of coliform bacterial contamination and the peculiarities the bacteria present in ripened cow's and ewe's white brine cheese offered for consumption. it was demonstrated that these kinds of cheese released in the commercial system contain up to 3.1 per cent coliform bacteria. certain correlation was established between the coliform count in the cheese and the degree of ripening, the consistence, and the aspect of the cross section surface. if ... | 1976 | 1014369 |
| [etiology of colitis and of rectal prolapse in the mouse]. | 1976 | 1014943 | |
| [changes in the surface structures of bacteria as a cause of weak immunogenicity of vaccines from several strains of citrobacter]. | the authors present the results of studying the weakly immunogenic citrobacter strains; some o-antigens of citrobacter (11, 14, 19, 21a, 21b, 26) caused in immunization of rabbits a weak immune response (antibody titre--1:400-1:800). an electron microscopic study of the vaccines (obtained from these strains) and their fragments showed that a partial desquamation and denaturing of the antigenic material occurred in the process of preparation of heated vaccines. formalin-treated vaccine subjected ... | 1976 | 1015081 |
| the etiology of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. | the etiology of a transmissable colonic mucosal hyperplasia of mice was investigated. hyperplasia was produced in mice inoculated with unfiltered colonic suspension from affected mice, but infectivity was lost after passage through a 0.45 mum filter. the etiologic agent was subsequently identified as a variant of citrobacter freundii. the organism induced colonic mucosal hyperplasia when inoculated into germfree mice, and it was recovered in pure culture from the affected animals. | 1976 | 1018473 |
| [cell-wall-deficient forms in citrobacter intermedius c]. | 1976 | 1032692 | |
| [growth inhibition of c. intermedium c3 and other microorganisms by soluble factors excreted into the culture media]. | 1976 | 1032697 | |
| incidence and identification of phospholipase c-producing bacteria in fresh and spoiled homogenized milk. | bacteria which produced phospholipase c were isolated from 13 of 34 fresh and 15 of 35 spoiled samples of homogenized milk. no single off flavor was assigned consistently to samples with phospholipase producers, but 75% of them were bitter. pseudomonads constituted 62% of the isolates. other phospholipase c-producing genera and their numbers were acinetobacter, two; alcaligenes, three; bacillus, two; citrobacter, one; enterobacter, three; and flavobacterium, two. two unidentified yeasts also wer ... | 1976 | 1036497 |
| citrobacter koseri. ii. serological and biochemical examination of citrobacter koseri strains from clinical specimens. | 165 strains of citrobacter koseri isolated from clinical specimens were studied and their biochemical reactions determined. they were examined serologically by means of a scheme consisting of 14 o antigens. the sources of the clinical specimens were tabulated and the epidemiological information was summarized. the clinical significance of these findings is discussed. | 1975 | 1056967 |
| a genetic study of tolerance and resistance to colicin a in citrobacter freundii. | colicin a-insensitive mutants of citrobacter freundii were isolated and grouped into six phenotypic classes characterized by sensitivity, insensitivity or partial insensitivity to the bacteriocins s6, df 13 and colicin a, and sensitivity or insensitivity to deoxycholate (doc) and ampicillin. mapping by the gradient-of-transmission method revealed the chromosomal regions in which the responsible genes are situated. res-3 mapped near pur between pur and thr; tol-5 mapped between aro and ilv and to ... | 1975 | 1082297 |
| [new groups of the family enterobacteriaceae]. | 1975 | 1092100 | |
| acute undifferentiated neonatal diarrhea in beef calves. i. occurence and distribution of infectious agents. | beef calves in a 48-cow herd were studied during one calving season from birth to ten days of age to determine the presence or absence of potentially enteropathogenic bacteria, viruses, and/or chlamydia in both normal and diarrheic calves. calves were born and raised outside in large pens unless the ambient temperature was below minus 10 degrees f when calving was done inside. fecal swabs, fecal aliquots, and nasal swabs were taken from each calf at 32, 128 plus or minus 3, and 248 plus or minus ... | 1975 | 1092438 |
| regional differences in patterns of urinary tract infections. | the identity of 693 pathogenic bacilli isolated from 2,175 urine specimens cultured during a two-year period in southeastern new mexico is presented along with results of sensitivity testing by kirby-bauer technique. the pattern of infections and sensitivity studies in hospitalized patients is compared with that of office patients and contrasted with results noted in other areas. | 1975 | 1096400 |
| citrobacter koseri. i. an extended antigenic scheme for citrobacter koser (syn. c. diversus, levinea malonatica). | the names citrobacter koseri, levinea malonatica and citrobacter diversus are synonymous. as a result of the study of representative strains of these organisms an antigenic scheme comprising seven o antigens has been proposed. the examination of a further 165 strains from clinical sources suggests that an additional seven antigens should be included in the scheme. the serological and biochemical reactions of the test strains for all 14 o antigens are described. | 1975 | 1097496 |
| [antigenic relationships between "levinea amalonatica" and "shigella dysenteriae" and "boydii" (author's transl)]. | twenty-eight strains among thirty-five levinea amalonatica show o antigenic relationships with shigella as follows: with s. dysenteriae 3 (5 strains), s. dysenteriae 4 (1 strain), s. dysenteriae 5 (3 strains), s. dysenteriae 7 (11 strains), s. boydii 6 (7 strains), and with both s. boydii 15 and s. dysenteriae 8 (1 strain). these strains do not induce purulent keratogenous conjunctivitis in guinea pigs as shigella do. | 1975 | 1098541 |
| membrane filter procedure for enumerating the component genera of the coliform group in seawater. | a facile, quantitative, membrane filter procedure (mc) for defining the distribution of coliform populations in seawater according to the component genera was developed. the procedure, which utilizes a series of in situ substrate tests to obviate the picking of colonies for identification, also provides an estimate of the total coliform density. when pure cultures of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae were suspended in seawater and held at 4 c for 24 h, between 56 ... | 1975 | 1098575 |
| sulfonamide resistance mechanism in escherichia coli: r plasmids can determine sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthases. | several natural isolate e. coli strains highly resistant to sulfonamides and antibiotics are shown to contain a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.15) in addition to the normal sensitive enzyme. the resistant dihydropteroate synthases examined are determined by an r plasmid and are smaller and less heat stable than the normal sulfonamid ... | 1975 | 1101260 |
| microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics. | 1975 | 1102512 | |
| [in vitro examination on antibacterial activities of broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram-negative clinical isolates (author's transl)]. | in vitro studies were undertaken on clinically isolated strains of various bacteria to examine the antibacterial activity of ampicillin (ab-pc), carbenicillin (cb-pc), sulbenicillin (sb-pc) cephalothin (cet), cefazolin (cez) and gentamicin (gm). fifty three % of escherichia coli strains 53.3% of citrobacter sp., 80% of proteus mirabilis, 42.9% of morganella and 80% of bacteroides sp. were susceptible (mic being not higher than 12.5 mug/ml) to ab-pc. the eight other species were not so susceptibl ... | 1975 | 1104913 |
| heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides. analysis of polysaccharide chain lengths by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | lipopolysaccharide preparations from r(rough) escherichia coli o8-,sr(semirough) salmonella typhimurium and s (smooth) strains e. coli o8 and citrobacter 396 were disintegrated with sodium dodecylsulfate and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 1% sodium dodecylsulfate. the results obtained were compared with those obtained from the same lipopolysaccharide preparations by degradation analysis. in dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis the lipopolysaccharide preparation ... | 1975 | 1107034 |
| ineffectiveness of vi and chemically treated endotoxins as typhoid vaccines in mice challenged with a salmonella typhosa-salmonella typhimurium hybrid. | purified vi antigen, acetic anthydride-treated salmonella typhosa endotoxin, and potassium methylate-treated s. typhosa endotoxin employed as vaccines in swiss white mice failed to protect these animals against challenge with a virulent s. typhimurium hybrid expressing s. typhosa antigens. | 1975 | 1107227 |
| ascending cholangitis diagnosed by percutaneous hepatic aspiration. | 1976 | 1107502 | |
| tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in the enterobacteriaceae: some physical properties of the enzymes. | several physical properties of the first four enzymatic activities of the tryptophan pathway were examined using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. five different patterns were noted. differences in the anthranilate synthetase (as) and phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (prt) defined these patterns. in all the organisms studied phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase co-eluted from both diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and g-200 and thus probably ... | 1975 | 1116988 |
| tryptophanase of fecal flora as a possible factor in the etiology of colon cancer. | twenty-three strains of intestinal anaerobes obtained from two laboratories were examined for indole production from tryptophan. among the 23 isolates tested, three of bacteroides fragilis thetaiotaomicron and one citrobacter sp. were indole positive. the tryptophanase of the indole-positive strains of intestinal anaerobes was inducible by tryptophan and was susceptible to glucose repression. the products of tryptophanase activity were formed in stoichiometric amounts by dialyzed, freshly prepar ... | 1975 | 1127736 |
| experience and reason--briefly recorded. citrobacter diversus meningitis: a case report. | 1975 | 1128993 | |
| [letter: neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by levinea malonatica]. | 1975 | 1129098 | |
| susceptibility of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae to bl-s640, a new oral cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bl-s640, a 7-(2-aryl-2-aminoacetamido)-3-(heterocyclic-thiomethyl) cephalosporin, was evaluated against 338 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in comparison with ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, and cephalexin. against escherichia coli, bl-s640 was as active as cefazolin and more active than ampicillin, cephalothin, and cephalexin. bl-s640 was as effective as the other cephalosporins tested and far more active than ampicillin against klebsiella and was more activ ... | 1975 | 1137392 |
| massive empyema due to citrobacter diversus. | citrobacter diversus is a gram-negative rod member of the enterobacteriacease family. a patient is described from whom this organism was isolated twice in pure culture from empyema fluid. our isolates of citrobacter diversus were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin and sensitive to cephalothin. citrobacter diversus should be distinguished from citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae. this organism joins streptococcus pyogenes, bacteroids species, anaerobic stre ... | 1975 | 1149508 |
| effects of chemotherapeutics on bacterial ecology in the water of ponds and the intestinal tracts of cultured fish, ayu (plecoglossus altivelis). | drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli conferred with r factors were isolated with high frequencies from the intestinal tracts of ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) cultured in ponds, in which chemotherapeutics had often been used, and with relatively low frequencies from ayu which received no administration of chemotherapeutics. drug-resistant bacteria were also isolated at low frequencies from the intestinal tracts of wild ayu in rivers, as well as from the water of ayu-culturing ponds and some of the ... | 1975 | 1160204 |
| mediastinitis in a child caused by perforation of pharynx. | mediastinitis in infants and children secondary to trauma is rarely reported as evidenced by a literature search. a case of mediastinitis occurred following perforation of the pharynx by a pencil. in neonates, traumatic perforation may mimic esophageal atresia. in older children with a history of trauma to the mouth or pharynx by a sharp object, the possibility of secondary mediastinitis exists. | 1975 | 1163510 |
| characterization of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria isolated from meat and poultry plants. | a survey of the types of aerobic organisms able to produce h2s on peptone iron agar (levin, 1968), and commonly occurring in meat and poultry plants, revealed that these could be divided into four distinct groups. the ability of representative strains of each type to grow at low temperatures and cause off-odors on chicken muscle was examined. the results are discussed in relation to the role of these organisms in the psychrophilic spoilage of meat and meat products. | 1975 | 1167774 |