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cloning, mapping, and sequencing of the gene encoding escherichia coli quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.escherichia coli contains pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. we cloned and sequenced the gene (gcd) encoding this enzyme and showed that the derived amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that of the gdha gene product of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. stretches of homology also exist between the amino acid sequence of e. coli glucose dehydrogenase and other pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent dehydrogenases from several bacterial species. the position of gcd on the chrom ...19902228962
plasmid dna fingerprinting of acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus from intubated and mechanically ventilated patients.forty-three intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in five intensive care units (icus) of one hospital developed respiratory colonization or infection with acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus over a 16-month interval. neither the frequency nor rate of a anitratus isolation exceeded the hospital endemic norms. single isolates from 34 of the patients were subtyped by plasmid dna analysis, two biotyping systems and antimicrobial susceptibility to 24 drugs. plasmid dna fingerpri ...19902230042
[studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (iv). antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the tohoku district of japan].we determined the mics of ampicillin, methicillin, cefaclor, cefixime, cefteram, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against a total of 1,448 strains from 11 species: 464 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 306 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, 114 strains of streptococcus pyogenes, 37 strains of branhamella catarrhalis, 329 strains of haemophilus influenzae, 32 strains of escherichia coli, 66 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, 26 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 20 strains of serratia marcescens, 12 st ...19902243194
evidence of protein-tyrosine kinase activity in the bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus.protein phosphorylation was investigated in the bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus both in vivo and in vitro. in cells grown with [32p]orthophosphate, several radioactive phosphoproteins were detected by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. these proteins were shown to contain phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and a relatively large proportion of phosphotyrosine residues. incubation of cellular extracts with [gamma-32p] atp also resulted in the phosphorylation of several proteins. at least ...19902250004
[respiratory distress after endotracheal insufflation of baby powder in dogs].the cause of delayed respiratory distress after endotracheal insufflation of baby powder was investigated in dogs. ten dogs were divided into 2 groups. in the insufflation group (n = 6), baby powder 1g.kg-1 was insufflated through an endotracheal tube under controlled mechanical ventilation. in the control group (n = 4), artificial ventilation was continued for 36 hours without insufflation of baby powder. pao2 in the insufflation group fell until 1 hour, and then improved until 12 hours after t ...19902255034
mycenon, a new metabolite from a mycena species ta 87202 (basidiomycetes) as an inhibitor of isocitrate lyase.mycenon (c11h5cl3o3), a new inhibitor of isocitrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.1) was isolated from the culture broth of a basidiomycete, mycena sp. mycenon is a novel chlorinated benzoquinone derivative which is also active against bacteria and fungi. malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) the second key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle was not affected by mycenon. isocitrate lyase preparations from plants, bacteria and fungi were sensitive. the following ki-values for mycenon have been determined: ricinus communis, ...19902258323
pefloxacin efficacy in gram-negative bacillary meningitis.sixteen patients with acute meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria were treated with pefloxacin intravenously. the age range of the patient group was six months to 85 years with a mean age of 40 years; three patients were children. in all but two patients meningitis was a complication of neurosurgical operations and fourteen of the sixteen had received prior therapy which was not successful. the causative organisms were: pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (4), klebsiell ...19902258348
[acinetobacter as a problem pathogen in patients with long-term tocolysis].a hospital outbreak of acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a ward with patients with intravenous tokolysis is reported. within 2 months 9 pregnant women who had tokolysis for premature labour developed septic fever that only subsisted after the administration of tokolysis was stopped. in 7 cases blood culture was positive for acinetobacter calcoaceticus. this endemic outbreak was responsible for premature deliveries in four cases, leading top post partum death of two infants. source identification wa ...19902264412
the effect of physical and microbiological factors on food container leakage.the effect of physical and microbiological factors on food container leakage was investigated in a container leakage model system (clms). the leakage of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, staphylococcus sp., pseudomonas sp., bacillus sp., a coryneform, staph. aureus, and two biotest organisms (enterobacter cloacae nc1b 8151 and ent. aerogenes mb31) was studied. the rate of bacterial leakage (log10 cells/channel/s) was greater in the presence of a partial vacuum of 51-305 mm hg than at atmospheric pres ...19902272940
[susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. reported by the research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates].this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by nccls in which susceptibilities are classified into "s", "ms", "i" and "r". ipm showed markedly high in vit ...19902287060
dna sequences of genes encoding acinetobacter calcoaceticus protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase: evidence indicating shuffling of genes and of dna sequences within genes during their evolutionary divergence.the dna sequence of a 2,391-base-pair hindiii restriction fragment of acinetobacter calcoaceticus dna containing the pcachg genes is reported. the dna sequence reveals that a. calcoaceticus pca genes, encoding enzymes required for protocatechuate metabolism, are arranged in a single transcriptional unit, pcaefdbchg, whereas homologous genes are arranged differently in pseudomonas putida. the pcag and pcah genes represent separate reading frames respectively encoding the alpha and beta subunits o ...19902298704
an evolutionary comparison of acinetobacter calcoaceticus trpf with trpf genes of several organisms.the deduced amino acid sequence of acinetobacter calcoaceticus n-(5'-phosphoribosyl) anthranilate isomerase (prai), which is coded by trpf, was compared with trpf of caulobacter crescentus, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa, and aspergillus nidulans. sixty percent of identical or similar amino acids were located in alpha/beta tim (triose-phosphate isomerase) barrels and in residues important in substrate binding and catalysis. in addition, the analy ...19902299982
the in-vitro activity of ceftibuten against 475 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli, compared with cefuroxime and cefadroxil.the in-vitro activity of ceftibuten was compared with cefuroxime and cefadroxil against 475 clinically-significant, epidemiologically-distinct isolates of gram-negative bacilli: 170 from blood, 212 from urine and 93 from a supplementary collection of multiply-resistant strains known to have resistance plasmids, to have caused sporadic or epidemic nosocomial infection, or both. ceftibuten mics ranged from 0.003 to greater than 32 mg/l, with a modal mic of 0.01 mg/l: 95% of all isolates had ceftib ...19902329100
[studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (ii). distribution and antibiotic sensitivity to 45 agents of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting a doctor in private practice].the bacteriology of the isolates from the sputum or the throat swab of patients with respiratory infections visiting a doctor in private practice in sendai city during the period from march in 1988 to february in 1989 was documented, and their sensitivity to 45 antimicrobial agents was determined. of the 568 patients, 514 cases had acute pharyngitis, 8 cases each had acute tonsillitis and acute bronchitis, 7 cases were acute pneumonia, 6 cases had herpangina, 18 cases had hand-foot-mouth disease ...19902335751
identification and nucleotide sequence of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus encoded trpe gene.the trpe gene from acinetobacter calcoaceticus encoding the anthranilate synthase component i was cloned, identified by deletion analysis and sequenced. it encodes a predicted polypeptide of 497 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 55,323. its primary structure shows 49% identical amino acids with the enzyme from clostridium thermocellum, 45% with that of thermus thermophilus and only 35% with that of escherichia coli. the codon usage of the trpe genes encoding the most homologous e ...19902338941
[evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the treatment of respiratory tract infections].imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) was administered to 55 patients with respiratory tract infections (rti). a clinical evaluation of ipm/cs was carried out in 51 patients, 28 with pneumonia, 4 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with pyothorax, 6 with bronchitis, 9 with bronchiectasis, 1 with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 2 with rti with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the clinical efficacy rate was 78.4%. causative organisms were isolated in 23 strains out of 20 patients, such as staphylococcu ...19902348550
concerning the sensitivity of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.the strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, var. anitratus (a. c. a.) were isolated in the nosocomial environment as an opportune pathogen. the therapy of choice may be determined after in vitro tests. our results show following therapeutical possibilities: beta-lactam antibiotics--cephalosporins of iiird generation (cefotaxime), also combinations of antimicrobials have shown good results: amoxycillin or ticarcillin with clavulanic acid. best synergistic effect was found in combination ticarcill ...19902351822
airborne microbial contents in two types of swine confinement buildings in quebec.airborne microorganisms were isolated with a sampler in two types of swine confinement buildings (farrowing units and fattening units). respirable (particles less than 5 microns) and total dust fractions were obtained. samplings were repeated every 2 weeks for a total of 6 samplings per unit between january and april. the predominant microorganisms isolated were bacteria (up to 1.25 x 10(6) cfu/m3) with an important fraction in the respirable size range (up to 0.5 x 10(6) cfu/m3). only small qua ...19902353639
in vitro studies of ciprofloxacin and survey of resistance patterns in current isolates.we studied the activity of ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics against both routine and multiresistant (multi-r) clinical isolates. ciprofloxacin inhibited more than 98% of most species of enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. only acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and to a much lesser degree, providencia and serratia, were resistant. most pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were susceptible. only 1% of staphylococci were resistant; the test panel included 1200 mrsa. for most species ...19902369816
oral pefloxacin mesylate in the treatment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: an open non-comparative study.twenty-two (15 female and 7 male) patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) associated peritonitis were entered into an open non-comparative evaluation of oral pefloxacin mesylate. an initial loading dose of 800 mg was followed by 400 mg twice daily. five patients were subsequently excluded or withdrawn. the mean age of the patients was 44 +/- 12.6 years. all three gram-negative infections (escherichia coli, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, serratia liquefaciens) and all three c ...19902373667
investigation of an outbreak of acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus infections in an adult intensive care unit. 19902403220
nucleotide sequence, secondary structure and evolution of the 5s ribosomal rna from five bacterial species.the nucleotide sequences of the 5s ribosomal rnas of the bacteria agrobacterium tumefaciens, alcaligenes faecalis, pseudomonas cepacia, aquaspirillum serpens and acinetobacter calcoaceticus have been determined. the sequences fit in a generally accepted model for 5s rna secondary structure. however, a closer comparative examination of these and other bacterial 5s rna primary structures reveals the potential of additional base pairing and of multiple equilibria between a set of slightly different ...19852408888
antimicrobial mechanisms against acinetobacter calcoaceticus of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extract.the antimicrobial mechanisms of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extract and isolated extract fractions against acinetobacter calcoaceticus were examined. crude granule extract and a fraction containing low-molecular-weight cationic peptides (peak d) reduced the viability of a. calcoaceticus and inhibited the uptake of radiolabeled macromolecule precursors by cells. the inhibitory activity observed with peak d was not as great as that of crude granule extract containing equivalent amounts ...19882449397
[study of clinical strains of microorganisms in a scanning electron microscope].the authors present an available method for preparing bacterial cells for examination in a scanning electron microscope. the method has been tried with clinical strains of s. aureus, p. aeruginosa, acinetobacter calcoaceticus v. anitratus. morphologic features of various types of microorganisms are described.19892470972
[evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants used in several neapolitan hospitals].among the various and complex aspects concerning the etiology of nosocomial infections, a relevant role is played by the indiscriminate and incorrect use of disinfectants: they may change paradoxically from devices used for nosocomial infection prevention into carriers of infections. critical situations are: a) inadequate cleaning of the container; b) inaccurate concentrations set up; c) use of unsterilized water as a diluent; d) introduction of gauze or cotton flocks into the container; e) disi ...19892483631
[control of infection in the odontostomatologic field. possibility of decontamination of critical surfaces].after a brief description of the sources and procedures of transmission of infections in the odontostomatological field, the authors illustrate the degree of contamination of a range of surfaces presented by odontological instruments. this is followed by a description of the possibility of a disinfecting treatment using two products one based on iodoform and the other on quaternary ammonium. prior to this disinfection treatment, the surfaces examined presented a level of microbial contamination ...19892483897
[evaluation of sen-sir, a new microsystem for the identification and determination of bacterial sensitivity].the use of semiautomatic methods for identification and study of bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobials is increasingly widespread in clinical microbiology. in the present study, the evaluation of a new micromethod (sen-sir, bbl) for the identification and determination of bacterial sensitivity is reported. 115 clinical isolates of enterobacteria, 10 strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus and 57 gram positive cocci, previously identified as belonging to the geni staphylococcus and streptococcus ...19892490681
[evaluation of the treatment with oral ciprofloxacin: experience with 24 patients].we have evaluated the clinical effectiveness and possible side effects of oral ciprofloxacin therapy in 24 patients (11 females and 13 males). two episodes from overall 25 infections were excluded of clinical and microbiological evaluation but were assessed regarding possible side effects. in most patients, the clinical condition was stable at the beginning of therapy. only 3 patients had nonfatal diseases. seventeen episodes were urinary tract infections (four of them with concomitant bacteremi ...19892490722
[antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated at a hospital intensive care unit].the antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative facultatively pathogenic bacteria isolated between 1982-1986 in the respiratory intensive care unit of the 3rd department of pediatry of the "lászló" hospital (budapest) has been studied. pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella, acinetobacter calcoaceticus and acinetobacter lwoffii were most frequently isolated both from the clinical samples (total 56.9%) and in samples obtained from hospital-hygienic check-examinations. 70-100% of the individual species wa ...19892498804
in vitro activity of fleroxacin and 6 other antimicrobials against acinetobacter anitratus.the in vitro activity of the 4-quinolone compound fleroxacin (ro-23-6240) was compared with that of enoxacin, ofloxacin, cefepime (bmy-28142), ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and tobramycin against a total of 30 recent clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum. susceptibility testing (mic50/mic90) was performed by a microtiter broth dilution method and the combination effect of ceftriaxone plus tobramycin was studied by checkerboard titration in microtiter trays. fleroxacin inh ...19892507235
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of bo-1341, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin.bo-1341, a new antipseudomonal semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. the in vitro activity of bo-1341 was generally superior or comparable to the activities of the reference antibiotics against clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae. bo-1341 was highly active against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic for 90% of the strains tested, 1.56 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas maltophilia ...19892510590
[hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of microorganisms under various culturing conditions].the index of hydrophobicity and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of seven microbial cultures were determined by studying their adhesion to n-hexadecane. the index of hydrophobicity was shown to be a stable characteristic of a culture grown in media with different carbon sources. as was found for escherichia coli k-12 and acinetobacter calcoaceticus k-9 whose hydrophobicity indicates were quite different, the character of cell hydration was virtually independent of the growth phase and did ...19892511395
[nosocomial infections caused by acinetobacter. epidemiology and therapeutic difficulties].nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter calcoaceticus are not easy to treat particularly in intensive-care and surgical units. our study included 33 cases of nosocomial infections which developed during 1987 in the surgical intensive care unit and in the urology department. acinetobacter was isolated from various types of nosocomial infections: urinary tract infections (43 per cent); septicaemia (15 per cent); surgical infections (27 per cent) and respiratory tract infections (15 per cent). f ...19892521935
acinetobacter calcoaceticus genes involved in biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone: nucleotide sequence and expression in escherichia coli k-12.synthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone (pqq) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus requires the products of at least four different genes. in this paper we present the nucleotide sequence of a 5,085-base-pair dna fragment containing these four genes. within the dna fragment three reading frames are present, coding for proteins of mr 10,800, 29,700, and 43,600 and corresponding to three of the pqq genes. in the dna region where the fourth pqq gene was mapped the largest possible reading f ...19892536663
aminoglycoside-o-phosphotransferase (aph (3'')) activity in a clinical isolate of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.an isolate of acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus containing an aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotic-modifying enzyme, which phosphorylates streptomycin at the 3" position, is described. the enzyme, aph(3"), was identified on the basis of its substrate specificity; in particular, its ability to phosphorylate streptomycin but not streptidine.19892538930
purification and antimicrobial properties of three defensins from rat neutrophils.three cysteine-rich cationic peptides, designated ratnp-1, ratnp-3, and ratnp-4, were purified from an acid extract of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils, sequenced, and tested for antimicrobial activity. the peptides ranged from 29 to 32 amino acids in length (mr, 3,252 to 3,825), and each contained all eight invariantly conserved "framework" residues that are characteristic of defensins. each of the peptides killed escherichia coli ml-35, acinetobacter calcoaceticus hon-1, staphylococcus aureus ...19892543629
selection of glucose-assimilating variants of acinetobacter calcoaceticus lmd 79.41 in chemostat culture.glucose metabolism has been studied in two strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. strain lmd 82.3, was able to grow on glucose and possessed glucose dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.17). glucose oxidation by whole cells was stimulated by pqq, the prosthetic group of glucose dehydrogenase. pqq not only increased the rate of glucose oxidation and gluconic acid production but also shortened the lag phase for growth on glucose. strain lmd 79.41 also possessed glucose dehydrogenase but was unable to grow on ...19892545167
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of an esterase-coding gene from the oil-degrading bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus rag-1.a putative esterase gene (est) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus rag-1 has been cloned into escherichia coli. esterase-positive clones exhibited high levels of esterase activity even in intact cells. in addition, expression of the est gene conferred on e. coli the ability to grow on simple triglycerides such as triacetin (tac). the original esterase-positive plasmid pra17 carried a 2.2-kb insert from a partial mboi digest of rag-1 dna, which gave a single band with rag-1 dna following southern hy ...19892545531
purification of cytochrome p-450 from n-hexadecane-grown acinetobacter calcoaceticus.a convenient procedure for the purification of cytochrome p-450 from an n-alkane-assimilating strain of the bacterial species acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been elaborated. the cytochrome p-450 of n-hexadecane-grown cells was found to be distributed in cell-free extracts among particulate and soluble subcellular fractions. for isolation, cytochrome p-450 was extracted from particulate fractions by addition of triton x-100 to the buffer. subsequently, purification to an apparently homogeneous s ...19892546537
physiological significance and bioenergetic aspects of glucose dehydrogenase.the regulation of the pqq-linked glucose dehydrogenase in different organisms is reviewed. it is concluded that this enzyme functions as an auxiliary energy-generating mechanism, because it is maximally synthesized under conditions of energy stress. it is now definitively established that the oxidation of glucose to gluconate generates metabolically useful energy. the magnitude of the contribution of the oxidation of glucose to gluconate via this enzyme to the growth yield of organisms such as a ...19892549864
quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenases in acinetobacter calcoaceticus lmd 79.41: purification and characterization of the membrane-bound enzyme distinct from the soluble enzyme.acinetobacter calcoaceticus is known to contain soluble and membrane-bound quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenases while other oxidative bacteria such as pseudomonas or gluconobacter contain only membrane-bound enzyme. the two different forms were believed to be the same enzyme or interconvertible. present results show that the two different forms of glucose dehydrogenase are distinct from each other in their enzymatic and immunological properties as well as in their molecular size. the soluble an ...19892549865
genes involved in the biosynthesis of pqq from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.from a gene bank of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus genome a plasmid was isolated that complements four different classes of pqq- mutants. subclones of this plasmid revealed that the four corresponding pqq genes are located on a fragment of 5 kilobases. the nucleotide sequence of this 5 kb fragment was determined and by means of tn5 insertion mutants the reading frames of the pqq genes could be identified. three of the pqq genes code for proteins of mr 29700 (gene i), mr 10800 (gene ii) and mr 4 ...19892549866
reversible thermal inactivation of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. ca2+ ions are necessary for re-activation.the soluble form of the homogeneous quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus is reversibly inactivated at temperatures above 35 degrees c. an equilibrium is established between active and denatured enzyme, this depending on the protein concentration and the inactivation temperature used. upon thermal inactivation the enzyme dissociates into the prosthetic group pyrroloquinoline quinone and the apo form of glucose dehydrogenase. after inactivation at 50 degrees c active ...19892549970
use of low-frequency-cleavage restriction endonucleases for dna analysis in epidemiological investigations of nosocomial bacterial infections.epidemiological investigations of bacterial infections are generally based on multiple phenotypic markers that are often difficult to verify. a more general and reliable method is genomic dna analysis by restriction endonucleases. however, the commonly used endonucleases produce too many fragments for correct separation by agarose electrophoresis. in contrast, simple electrophoretic patterns are obtained after genomic dna digestion by low-frequency-cleavage restriction endonucleases and pulsed-f ...19892550517
quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenase of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus respiratory chain: membrane-bound and soluble forms are different molecular species.acinetobacter calcoaceticus is known to contain soluble and membrane-bound quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenases, while other oxidative bacteria contain the membrane-bound enzyme exclusively. the two forms of glucose dehydrogenase were believed to be the same enzyme or interconvertible forms. previously, matsushita et al. [(1988) fems microbiol. lett 55, 53-58] showed that the two enzymes are different with respect to enzymatic and immunological properties, as well as molecular weight. in the pr ...19892551369
in vitro activity of at-4140 against clinical bacterial isolates.the activity of at-4140, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with those of existing analogs. at-4140 had a broad spectrum and a potent activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including legionella spp. and bacteroides fragilis. the activity of at-4140 against gram-positive and -negative cocci, including acinetobacter calcoaceticus, was higher than those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. its activity again ...19892558617
acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit: epidemiology and control.nineteen neonates with septicaemia caused by acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus were treated in a neonatal intensive care unit between october, 1983 and march, 1986. the ages of the patients at the onset of septicaemia ranged from 4 to 22 days (mean 9.7 days). their birth weights ranged from 1000 g to 3350 g (mean 1790 g) and were less than 2000 g in 14 patients. antibiotics had been administered to 17 of the 19 neonates before the onset of septicaemia, and all mature infants had recei ...19892570098
frequency of plasmids in strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.plasmids were found in 75 out of 93 clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the strains harboured up to 20 plasmids each, with two-thirds containing two or more. most plasmids were smaller than 15 md. strains of a. iwoffi contained more plasmids than a. anitratus. plasmid analysis may be an easy and valuable tool in the epidemiology of a. calcoaceticus, especially in conjunction with other typing methods.19892570099
epidemic iatrogenic acinetobacter spp. meningitis following administration of intrathecal methotrexate.we report the first outbreak of acinetobacter species meningitis in a group of children with acute leukaemia following the administration of intrathecal chemotherapy. eight of twenty patients receiving methotrexate injections on a single day developed signs and symptoms of meningitis within 18 h of treatment, and cases were clustered by time of administration. a cohort study comparing case and non-case patients did not identify any specific host factor associated with meningitis. acinetobacter c ...19892575105
an outbreak of acinetobacter septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit.we describe an outbreak of gram-negative septicaemia due to a rare, non-fermenting, aerobic organism, acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffi. the outbreak occurred on a neonatal unit and was confined to babies who were receiving parenteral nutrition. seven babies developed septicaemia within 24 hours. the source of the outbreak was never firmly established, but contamination of the parenteral nutrition fluid was considered most likely. all 7 babies recovered uneventfully after a week's course o ...19892575636
[a membrane-bound alanine aminopeptidase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. 1. isolation and purification of the enzyme].the alanine aminopeptidase of acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found to be bound to the inner membranes only. the enzyme was solubilized by triton x-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-ah-sepharose 4b. the purified alanine aminopeptidase has a molecular mass of 212 kda, estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme selectively catalyses the hydrolysis of n-terminal alanine residues of p ...19892575904
[a membrane-bound alanine aminopeptidase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. 2. substrate specificity of the enzyme].the substrate specificity of the membrane-bound alanine aminopeptidase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus was investigated with a series of substituted amides of alpha-amino acids. in contrast to mammalian aap forms, the rate of hydrolysis of the aap from acinetobacter calcoaceticus is higher using 4-nitranilide than 2-naphthylamide substrates. the enzyme affinity is very high for alanine substrates and decreases in the series of the amide substituents, from methyl coumarylamides, 4-nitranilides, ...19892575905
nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter calcoaceticus.fifty four isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus were studied in a period of 6 months. maximum isolates were from burns cases and environmental sampling from burns ward also grew the same organism, indicating their role as nosocomial pathogen. acinetobacter may initially be mistaken for neisseria species. as the organisms show multidrug resistance to commonly used antibiotics their correct identification is important.19892585331
[acinetobacter calcoaceticus as a cause of infection in wounds and burns].over the period from january 1985 to july 1986 2038 samples of the patients with open wounds and burns, treated in the military medical academy in belgrade, were tested. acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found in 152 samples (7.45%). the sensitivity to standard hemotherapeutics for gram-negative bacteria was assessed. results indicated that acinetobacter calcoaceticus showed a high resistance to all hemotherapeutics used in this investigation. even if it was a opportunistic pathogen bacterium its ...19892595461
purification and characterization of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase i from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.benzaldehyde dehydrogenase i was purified from acinetobacter calcoaceticus by deae-sephacel, phenyl-sepharose and f.p.l.c. gel-filtration chromatography. the enzyme was homogeneous and completely free from the isofunctional enzyme benzaldehyde dehydrogenase ii, as judged by denaturing and non-denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. the subunit mr value was 56,000 (determined by sds/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis). estimations of the native mr value by gel-filtration chromatography gav ...19892597133
lipopolysaccharide-protein interactions: determination of dissociation constants by affinity electrophoresis.an affinity electrophoresis system is described to allow determination of dissociation constants of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-protein complexes. the lps ligand is incorporated into polyacrylamide gels by addition to the polyacrylamide-n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide polymerization mixture. quantitative evaluation revealed formation of immobile protein-ligand complexes. the method was applied both to r- and s-form lps from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. for a heat-modifiable outer membrane protein with ...19892612487
antimicrobial activity of dactimicin in vitro compared with that of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin.antimicrobial activity of dactimicin, a pseudo-disaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic, was compared with those of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin using clinical isolates of four gram-positive and sixteen gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin was more active than the reference amino-glycosides against serratia marcescens, especially gentamicin-resistant serratia sp., proteus vulgaris, p. rettgeri and klebsiella oxytoca, but less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and p. mirabili ...19892632214
a clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections.we have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. responsible pathogens were escherichia coli in 8, staphylococcus aureus in 6, hemophilus influenza ...19892637593
extracellular product of nocardia amarae induces bacterial cell flocculation.the fact that nocardia amarae yk1 produced a bacterial flocculation-inducing substance (designated as fix) was discovered. fix had a function of flocculating proliferous cells. fix-induced flocculation was inhibited by making cells resting, but not completely by adding chloramphenicol. fix worked widely on gram-positive to -negative bacteria. in the presence of fix, achromobacter cycloclastus iam1013, acinetobacter calcoaceticus iam1517, bacillus subtilis iam1069, escherichia coli c600-1, e. col ...19892653957
therapeutic efficacy of the combination of aztreonam with cefotaxime in the treatment of severe nosocomial pneumonia. comparative study against amikacin combined with cefotaxime.the combination aztreonam + cefotaxime (az + ce) was compared to amikacin + cefotaxime (am + ce) in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia acquired at the intensive-care unit. this study included a total of 33 patients fulfilling criteria for nosocomial pneumonia. 16 of them were randomly allocated to the az + ce group and 17 to the am + ce group. the empirical treatment was effective for 78% of az + ce cases and 92% of am + ce cases (p = ns). clinical care was observed in 77% of cases (10 out of ...19892659289
cloning of a carbofuran hydrolase gene from achromobacter sp. strain wm111 and its expression in gram-negative bacteria.a 14-kilobase-pair (kbp) ecori dna fragment that encodes an enzyme capable of rapid hydrolysis of n-methylcarbamate insecticides (carbofuran hydrolase) was cloned from carbofuran-degrading achromobacter sp. strain wm111. when used to probe southern blots containing plasmid and total dnas from wm111, this 14-kbp fragment hybridized strongly to a 14-kbp ecori fragment from the greater than 100-kbp plasmid harbored by this strain but weakly to ecori-digested total dna from achromobacter sp. strain ...19892661544
[susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. a study mainly focused on ofloxacin (the second report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates].susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to ofloxacin (oflx) and other antibacterial drugs were examined at 128 hospital laboratories in 36 prefectures throughout japan between april, 1986 and march, 1987. the results were totalized with an emphasis mainly on oflx and were compared with data obtained in the previous year. in this study, identification and susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out at each hospital laboratory and the tests were performed according to the 1-dilutio ...19892664255
[the effect of thiocyanate on bacterial plasmids using the plasmid screening test].a plasmid screening test (alkaline lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis) was used to assess the effect of thiocyanate on the plasmid replication on two bacterial strains with plasmids of different size, klebsiella pneumoniae and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. at concentrations physiologic for mammals (5-50 mg scn-/l) no effect on the replication of extrachromosomal dna was noted. this reaffirms the concept that a physiologic anion may be responsible for biological regulatory processes but will no ...19892665338
cloning, characterization and dna sequencing of the gene encoding the mr 50,000 quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.recently we described the cloning of the gene coding for a mr 87,000 glucose dehydrogenase (gdh-a) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. in this report we describe the cloning of a gene coding for a second gdh (gdh-b) with a mr of 50,000 from the same organism. this gene was isolated using a 20-mer synthetic oligonucleotide, derived from the n-terminal amino acid sequence of purified gdh-b as a probe to screen a genomic bank. from the dna sequence of the gdhb gene, a protein can be derived of mr 52, ...19892671663
cloning of the genes encoding the two different glucose dehydrogenases from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) is a pqq dependent bacterial enzyme which converts aldoses to their corresponding acids. a. calcoaceticus contains two different pqq dependent glucose dehydrogenases designated gdh-a which is active in vivo and gdh-b of which only in vitro activity can be shown. we cloned the genes coding for the two gdh enzymes. the dna sequences of both gdh genes were determined. there is no obvious homology between gdha and gdhb. both gdh enzymes oxidize d-glucose in vitro but disa ...19892673030
firefly luciferase as a reporter enzyme for measuring gene expression in vegetative and symbiotic rhizobium meliloti and other gram-negative bacteria.a dna segment carrying a cdna copy of the luciferase gene (luc) of the north american firefly photinus pyralis, fused to the lambda pr promoter and expressed in escherichia coli [de wet et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 82 (1985) 7870-7873], was inserted into a broad-host-range plasmid vector and established in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. luciferase activity, expressed from the lambda pr promoter, was detected in both intact cells and extracts prepared from cells of strains of rhizobiu ...19892680767
intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections.a total of 82 patients involving 83 episodes of proven or presumed bacterial infection were treated with sulbactam/ampicillin. these included 36 cases of soft tissue infection or abscess, four cases of joint or bone infection, 20 cases of respiratory tract infection (17 cases of pneumonia, two of otitis media, and one of tonsillitis), 15 urinary tract infections, three cases of enterocolitis, one case of infective endocarditis, two cases of septicemia, and two of peritonitis. the causative patho ...19892686918
a comparative evaluation of oral ofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime therapy for serious skin and skin structure infections.in a single-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, 100 successive patients were enrolled with serious skin and soft-tissue infections, whose illnesses had precipitated an initial hospital admission or an extension of inpatient care. there were 93 evaluable patients who received either ofloxacin, 400 mg orally every 12 hours plus an intravenously administered placebo every eight hours, or cefotaxime, 2.0 g intravenously every eight hours plus an orally administered placebo every 12 hours. th ...19892690621
[identification and localization of exopeptidase activities bound to membranes of acinetobacter calcoaceticus].after gel filtration the supernatant of triton x-100 treated membrane sediments of acinetobacter calcoaceticus shows activities for alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, glutamyl aminopeptidase, prolyl aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase my, gamma-glutamyl arylamidase, dipeptidylpeptidase iv and prolyl carboxypeptidase. the intracellular localization of the enzymes was analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the dnase/rnase pretreated membrane sediments. most of the exopeptidas ...19892695071
characterization of a periplasmic insulin-cleaving metalloproteinase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus.in acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative bacterial species, a soluble insulin-degrading proteinase, located in the periplasm as well as in the cytosol, could be established. the periplasmic and cytosolic enzymes agree in their inhibition pattern, ph-optimum and molecular weight. the insulin-degrading enzyme of acinetobacter calcoaceticus resembles the corresponding proteinases of escherichia coli. it is a metalloproteinase with a ph-optimum in the neutral range and can be reactivated by d ...19892695074
multiple forms of carboxylesterase activity in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.a carboxylesterase activity (e.c.3.1.1) was found in all four strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus tested. the activity was present in both 2 x 10(4) gav h-1 supernatant and bacterial wall-membrane fractions. the activity in the supernatant was in two molecular weight forms, the predominant form with a mr of about 10(3) k and a minor form mr approximately 600 k. the activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. sds-page showed that in a. calcoaceticus ncib 8250 the activity was comp ...19892721925
a seven year survey of antibiotic susceptibility and its relationship with usage.bacterial susceptibilities to 14 antibiotics of 7385 clinical isolates, belonging to six species of gram-negative bacilli, were analysed during seven years (1980-86). the recovery of serratia marcescens, acinetobacter calcoaceticus and pseudomonas aeruginosa increased while their sensitivity to antibiotics decreased significantly, especially to aminoglycosides and tetracycline. there were significant correlations between increase in antibiotic use and decrease in susceptibility. there was a stri ...19892732126
control of an epidemic spread of a multi-resistant strain of acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a hospital.the spread of a multi-resistant glucose-acidifying acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain in a community hospital was studied. after admission of a colonized patient to the hospital the strain was found in clinical specimens from icu patients and subsequently from several of these patients after transfer to medical wards. environmental specimens from the icu and medical wards were analysed in order to investigate the mode of spread of the strain. isolates of a. calcoaceticus were screened by their a ...19892738220
effects of growth rate and oxygen tension on glucose dehydrogenase activity in acinetobacter calcoaceticus lmd 79.41.the regulation of the synthesis of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.17) has been studied in acinetobacter calcoaceticus lmd 79.41, an organism able to oxidize glucose to gluconic acid, but unable to grow on both compounds. glucose dehydrogenase was synthesized constitutively in both batch and carbon-limited chemostat cultures on a variety of substrates. in acetate-limited chemostat cultures glucose dehydrogenase levels and the glucose-oxidizing capacity of whole cells were depen ...19892742367
interactions between lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins of acinetobacter calcoaceticus studied by an affinity electrophoresis system.r-form lipopolysaccharides of acinetobacter calcoaceticus could be incorporated into polyacrylamide gels in an immobile form by adding it directly to the acrylamide-n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide polymerization mixture. the separation of a. calcoaceticus 69 v outer membrane proteins in these affinity gels demonstrated a specific interaction with the lipopolysaccharide ligand for one of the proteins. this protein is heat-modifiable and has an mr of about 18,000. by incorporation of varying concentra ...19892743966
laboratory investigation of hospital outbreak caused by two different multiresistant acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus strains.during a 7-month period, from december 1986 to june 1987, multiresistant strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus were isolated from 25 patients in a respiratory intensive care unit. the biochemical characteristics defined two groups of strains, group 1 (14 strains) and group 2 (11 strains). both groups had the same biochemical characteristics, but group 2 strains could assimilate adipate and phenyl acetate. moreover, of 16 antibiotics tested only netilmicin and imipenem had some ...19892745682
[nosocomial infections at the university hospital of caracas].over a period of one year at the university hospital of caracas, a program of epidemiological surveillance was carried out on nosocomial infections. a total of 1556 cases were identified in 913 hospitalized patients. the incidence of nosocomial infections was 74 cases per 1000 hospital discharges. cutaneous, surgical wound, lower respiratory and urinary tract infections were the most frequently identified. the intensive care unit, the neonatal pediatric service and the three medicine services re ...19892748851
susceptibility of acinetobacter calcoaceticus to antimicrobial drugs, alone and combined, with and without defibrinated human blood.twenty-five clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus were examined for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial drugs. in terms of inhibitory and bactericidal activities, imipenem and polymyxin b were most active, followed by amikacin and ceftazidime. four isolates were resistant against fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin). the isolates varied in susceptibility to aztreonam, cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, mezlocillin, netilmicin and piperacillin. fresh defibrinated ...19892758872
use of protein profiles to identify acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a respiratory care unit.the presence of acinetobacters in a respiratory care unit was prospectively studied because of an increase in the number of isolations of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. cell envelope protein electrophoresis was used to distinguish strains. eleven protein patterns were observed in isolates from patients and their environment. one pattern (pattern 1) was seen in several patients and environmental samples. another pattern (pattern 2) was identified repeatedly in samples from skin and mucous membranes ...19892768524
haem-containing protein complexes of acinetobacter calcoaceticus as secondary electron acceptors for quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. 19892774522
purification and properties of a cephalosporinase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. 19892784128
susceptibility to antibiotics in acinetobacter calcoaceticus. 19892784129
novel carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (carb-5) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus.a strain of acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus highly resistant to ticarcillin but susceptible to ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid (2 mg/l) was found to produce a constitutive beta-lactamase. this enzyme was periplasmic with a characteristic substrate profile of a carbenicillin-hydrolyzing enzyme. enzyme inhibition was detected with antiserum (anti-carb-3), pcmb, cloxacillin, clavulanic acid and sulbactam. this novel enzyme with a molecular mass of 28,000 resembles other p ...19892786828
characterization of acinetobacter calcoaceticus catm, a repressor gene homologous in sequence to transcriptional activator genes.two structural genes needed for catechol degradation, cata and catb, encode the respective enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (ec 1.13.11.1) and muconate cycloisomerase (ec 5.5.1.1). catechol is an intermediate in benzoate degradation, and the cata and catb genes are clustered within a 17-kilobase-pair (kbp) region of acinetobacter calcoaceticus chromosomal dna containing all of the structural genes required for the conversion of benzoate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. cata and catb we ...19892793826
the inanimate environment of an intensive care unit as a potential source of nosocomial bacteria: evidence for long survival of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.environmental surface and personnel hand impression cultures were obtained during 13 sampling periods in the university of virginia pediatric intensive care unit to document potential reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens. in 78 environmental cultures staphylococcus aureus was found eight times and gram-negative bacilli ten times. the patient chart cover was the most commonly contaminated surface. acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found in five of ten cultures positive for gram-negative bacilli. thir ...19892794465
a novel method for the identification and distinction of the beta-lactamases of the genus acinetobacter.the characterization of the chromosomal beta-lactamases of acinetobacter has proved difficult because of the poor focusing of these enzymes in conventional isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. we describe a novel isoelectric focusing method, which employs an agarose gel incorporating a detergent with sorbitol and urea, to examine the beta-lactamases produced by eight clinical strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus; we have identified four different beta-lactamases. the molecular masses o ...19892808182
involvement of a plasmid in growth on and dispersion of crude oil by acinetobacter calcoaceticus ra57.a crude-oil-degrading acinetobacter species, acinetobacter calcoaceticus ra57, was isolated by standard enrichment culture techniques on the basis of its ability to utilize the oily sludge found in the vicinity of a local gas station. strain ra57 was found to contain four plasmids: psr1 (5.1 kilobases [kb]), psr2 (5.4 kb), psr3 (10.5 kb), and psr4 (20 kb). both supercoiled and open circular forms of the first three plasmids were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. restriction endo ...19872821903
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of acinetobacter calcoaceticus genes for benzoate degradation.the catabolic genes necessary for the conversion of benzoate to catechol have been cloned from acinetobacter calcoaceticus into escherichia coli. the cloned genes, benabcd, encoded both a benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system, composed of nadh-cytochrome c reductase and terminal oxygenase components, and a cis-diol dehydrogenase. the dioxygenase system appears to be encoded by three genes, benabc, whose products, 53-, 19-, and 38-kilodalton proteins, correspond in size to those of components in other ...19872824437
virulence genes, borders, and overdrive generate single-stranded t-dna molecules from the a6 ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens.agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers the t-dna portion of its ti plasmid to the nuclear genome of plant cells. upon cocultivation of a. tumefaciens a348 with regenerating tobacco leaf protoplasts, six distinct single-stranded t-dna molecules (t strands) were generated in addition to double-stranded t-dna border cleavages which we have previously reported (k. veluthambi, r.k. jayaswal, and s.b. gelvin, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 84:1881-1885, 1987). the t region of an octopine-type ti plasmid has ...19882832367
cloning of the gene encoding quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus: evidence for the presence of a second enzyme.we cloned the gene coding for the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. this clone complements gdh mutations in a. calcoaceticus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli. the gene codes for a protein with an mr of 83,000. evidence is presented for the presence of two different glucose dehydrogenase enzymes in a. calcoaceticus: a protein with an mr of 83,000 and a dimer of two identical subunits with an mr of 50,000.19882834325
cosmid cloning of five zymomonas trp genes by complementation of escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida trp mutants.a library of zymomonas mobilis genomic dna was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid plafr1. the library was mobilized into a variety of escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida trp mutants by using the helper plasmid prk2013. five z. mobilis trp genes were identified by the ability to complement the trp mutants. the trpf, trpb, and trpa genes were on one cosmid, while the trpd and trpc genes were on two separate cosmids. the organization of the z. mobilis trp genes seems to be similar to th ...19882838460
inactivation of acinetobacter calcoaceticus acetate kinase by diethylpyrocarbonate.acetate kinase purified from acinetobacter calcoaceticus was inhibited by diethylpyrocarbonate with a second-order rate constant of 620 m-1.min-1 at ph 7.4 at 30 degrees c and showed a concomitant increase in absorbance at 240 nm due to the formation of n-carbethoxyhistidyl derivative. activity could be restored by hydroxylamine and the ph curve of inactivation indicates the involvement of a residue with a pka of 6.64. complete inactivation of acetate kinase required the modification of seven re ...19882844264
a search for intermediates in the bacterial biosynthesis of pqq.studies on the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) were performed with acinetobacter calcoaceticus pqq- -mutants belonging to genetically different complementation groups. all mutants were unable to grow on l-arabinose, the conversion of this substrate by the organism only occurring via membrane-bound quinoprotein (pqq-containing) glucose dehydrogenase. in general, the same observation and conclusion applied to shikimate and quinate, requiring active quinoprotein quinate dehydrogenase ...19882855587
epidemic spread of acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a neurosurgical department analyzed by electronic data processing.an epidemic spread of acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus in two neurosurgical wards is described retrospectively and prospectively using electronic data processing. isolation of the species from sputum preceded the isolation from csf by 1/2-1 year. control measures directed against spread by air and indirect contact controlled the epidemic. reexamination of 20 selected strains from the epidemic revealed two distinct resistance patterns.19852862191
investigation of an outbreak of infection with acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a special care baby unit.during a period of 6 months, an 'epidemic strain' of acinetobacter calcoaceticus was isolated from 10 pre-term neonates in a special care baby unit (scbu). of these, nine had pulmonary infections. the tenth was found to have conjunctival colonization only. the 'epidemic strain' was characterized by serotyping, biotyping, bacteriocin typing and antibiograms. an identical strain was isolated from an 'ambu' resuscitation device but not from other environmental samples or from staff on the unit. the ...19862870108
localization of hydrolytic enzymes in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.the localization of hydrolytic enzymes, phosphatase, esterase, lipase and palmitoyl-coa hydrolase was analysed in the cytosol, cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic fraction, outer membrane and culture supernatant in dependence on the growth rate of the bacteria. the unspecific phosphatase was found to be a cytosolic enzyme. a lipase was the only extracellular enzyme detected. the results pointed to a secretion of the lipase into the culture medium via cytoplasmic and outer membrane. the palmitoyl-c ...19862870172
defence reactions of glossina morsitans morsitans against different species of bacteria and trypanosoma brucei brucei.tsetse flies, glossina morsitans morsitans, fed on rats infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei showed wide fluctuations in total and differential haemocyte counts. similar fluctuations occurred in controls fed on non-infected rats and also between the two groups without showing any difference which could be attributed to the infection. trypanosome infection of the tsetse haemocoel occurred in 16.25% of the flies, starting from the second day after feeding on the infected rats, but salivary glan ...19862872785
epidemiology of nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter calcoaceticus. 19872889762
biotyping of acinetobacter calcoaceticus using the api 2one system.the api 2one system for the identification of non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli enables the discrimination of a possible 209 different biotypes of acinetobacter spp. and consequently has potential for use as an acinetobacter spp. typing system. a total of 122 separate strains of acinetobacter spp. isolated in nottingham hospitals over a 4 year period from a wide variety of clinical specimens, divided into 31 different biotypes which were stable over a 1 year storage period. two biotypes pre ...19872889767
endemic occurrence of acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus in an intensive care unit.one strain of acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus caused colonization of 111 patients admitted to an intensive care unit (icu) during a 2-year period. all patients were intubated and had received antibiotic therapy prior to colonization. morbidity due to the organism was about 1%. the colonization rate showed a decreasing trend during the study period, but no seasonal variation. the strain was found in the air in a low concentration and on the hands of 8-13% of the members of the staff. ...19872891755
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