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salmonella enterica resistant to antimicrobials in wastewater effluents and black-headed gulls in the czech republic, 2012.we investigated the presence and epidemiological relatedness of salmonella isolates from a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) in brno, czech republic and from nestlings of black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) at the nove mlyny waterworks, situated 35 km downstream from the wwtp. during 2012, we collected 37 wastewater samples and 284 gull cloacal swabs. from wastewater samples, we obtained 89 salmonella isolates belonging to 19 serotypes. at least one resistant strain was contained in ...201626519571
[reduction in variability of individual colonization programs in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) leads to reproductive success diminishing].the problem of adaptive significance of territorial antagonism in colonial birds is addressed. many of these birds are characterized, along with high tolerance to each other and tendency to aggregate, by intensive and variable territorial demonstrations. here we consider the effects of territorial behavior on the viability of a breeding colony. we observed breeding of black-headed gull in two colonies formed under the impact of a short-term temperature fall in 2008, which resulted in the 7-day s ...201526606788
[reduction in variability of individual colonization programs in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) leads to reproductive success diminishing].the problem of adaptive significance of territorial antagonism in colonial birds is addressed. many of these birds are characterized, along with high tolerance to each other and tendency to aggregate, by intensive and variable territorial demonstrations. here we consider the effects of territorial behavior on the viability of a breeding colony. we observed breeding of black-headed gull in two colonies formed under the impact of a short-term temperature fall in 2008, which resulted in the 7-day s ...201526606788
species differences in total mercury concentration in gulls from the gulf of gdansk (southern baltic).aquatic birds occupy a high position in the trophic pyramid of the baltic sea. this means that they accumulate the greatest amount of harmful substances, including mercury, in their bodies. this element penetrates into their systems mainly via the alimentary canal. the amount of mercury absorbed from food depends on how badly the environment is polluted with this metal. the aim of this study was to discover the concentrations of total mercury (hgt) in the contour feathers, muscles, brain, lungs, ...201626653750
species differences in total mercury concentration in gulls from the gulf of gdansk (southern baltic).aquatic birds occupy a high position in the trophic pyramid of the baltic sea. this means that they accumulate the greatest amount of harmful substances, including mercury, in their bodies. this element penetrates into their systems mainly via the alimentary canal. the amount of mercury absorbed from food depends on how badly the environment is polluted with this metal. the aim of this study was to discover the concentrations of total mercury (hgt) in the contour feathers, muscles, brain, lungs, ...201626653750
high prevalence and putative lineage maintenance of avian coronaviruses in scandinavian waterfowl.coronaviruses (covs) are found in a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, and constitute a risk for zoonotic and emerging infectious disease. in poultry, the genetic diversity, evolution, distribution and taxonomy of some coronaviruses have been well described, but little is known about the features of covs in wild birds. in this study we screened 764 samples from 22 avian species of the orders anseriformes and charadriiformes in sweden collected in 2006/2007 for cov, with an overall cov pr ...201626938459
threat-sensitive anti-predator defence in precocial wader, the northern lapwing vanellus vanellus.birds exhibit various forms of anti-predator behaviours to avoid reproductive failure, with mobbing-observation, approach and usually harassment of a predator-being one of the most commonly observed. here, we investigate patterns of temporal variation in the mobbing response exhibited by a precocial species, the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus). we test whether brood age and self-reliance, or the perceived risk posed by various predators, affect mobbing response of lapwings. we quantified ag ...201627738383
surveillance for avian influenza virus in wild birds in poland, 2008-15.we tested wild birds in poland during 2008-15 for avian influenza virus (aiv). we took 10,312 swabs and feces samples from 6,314 live birds representing 12 orders and 84 bird species, mostly from orders anseriformes and charadriiformes, for testing and characterization by various pcr methods. from pcr-positive samples, we attempted to isolate and subtype the virus. the rna of aiv was detected in 1.8% (95% confidence interval [ci], 1.5-2.1%) of birds represented by 48 mallards ( anas platyrhyncho ...201728094608
intra-clutch and inter-colony variability in element concentrations in eggshells of the black-headed gull, chroicocephalus ridibundus, in northern poland.eggshells are good bioindicators of environmental contamination, and therefore, the concentrations of 17 trace elements in 87 eggshells of black-headed gulls, chroicocephalus ridibundus, were determined in five breeding colonies in an area dominated by farmland in northern poland. the intra-clutch variability in the eggshell concentrations of heavy metals and other elements was also investigated, and the concentrations of the elements showed the following pattern: ca > mg > sr > fe > zn > al > c ...201728275970
how to live in colonies: spatial foraging strategies of the black-headed gull.this paper describes some spatial foraging strategies observed in the course of the breeding season in five adult radio-tagged black-headed gulss (larus ridibundus). 1. individual foraging distances increased continuously during the nesting period. 2. the maximum foraging distance observed was 18.5 km. 3. all birds showed nearly constant flight directions over the whole breeding period. 4. it is suggested that the continuous increase in foraging distances reduces intraspecific competition around ...198628311671
how to live in colonies: spatial foraging strategies of the black-headed gull.this paper describes some spatial foraging strategies observed in the course of the breeding season in five adult radio-tagged black-headed gulss (larus ridibundus). 1. individual foraging distances increased continuously during the nesting period. 2. the maximum foraging distance observed was 18.5 km. 3. all birds showed nearly constant flight directions over the whole breeding period. 4. it is suggested that the continuous increase in foraging distances reduces intraspecific competition around ...198628311671
mercury in feathers and blood of gulls from the southern baltic coast, poland.gulls were assessed as sentinels of contamination in the coastal zone of the southern baltic, research material being obtained from dead birds collected on polish beaches and near fishing ports in 2009-2012. in feathers and blood of four gull species: herring gull (larus argentatus), common gull (larus canus), black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus), and great black-backed gull (larus marinus), concentration of total mercury (hgt) was assayed, taking into account the type of feathers, sex ...201728344366
isolation and characterization of listeria monocytogenes from the black-headed gull feces in kunming, china.listeria monocytogenes is among the most important foodborne pathogens, which can be isolated from bird feces. the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, genotypes, virulence factors and drug-resistance characteristics of l. monocytogenes isolated from the black-headed gull in kunming, china. serotypes and virulence genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) methods were used to describe the genetic ...201728473260
detection of bordetella avium by taqman real-time pcr in tracheal swabs from wildlife birds.bordetella avium, the causing agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract in young poultry, causes significant losses in poultry farming throughout the world. wildlife birds can be a reservoir of various pathogens that infect farm animals. for this reason the studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of bordetella avium in wildlife birds in poland. tracheal swab samples were collected from 650 birds representing 27 species. the bacterial dna was isolate ...201728525340
hatching date influences age at first reproduction in the black-headed gull.in long-lived colonial birds, age at recruitment is an important life-history character. variation in this parameter may reflect differences in several factors, including competitive ability and breeding strategies. further, these differences may be due to timing of hatching (for instance through differences in competitive ability). we investigated the age of first-time breeders in relation to hatching date in a black-headed gull larus ridibundus colony situated in central france, from 1979 to 1 ...200128547170
morphological and molecular assessment of pentastomes from gulls in portugal.during 2016, 153 gulls, including 64 larus fuscus and 89 larus michahellis, were found crippled in south portugal, died in wildlife rehabilitation and investigation center-rias, and were necropsied. reighardia sternae infected 2 (3%, n = 64) l. fuscus and 4 (4%, n = 89) l. michahellis. molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification based on total body length, maximum body width, length of anterior and posterior hooks, total length of oral aparatus, and other features of oral apara ...201728665257
analysis of body mass changes in the black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) during the winter.during the autumn migration of many waterfowls, body mass is lowest upon arrival at the wintering area and gradually increases during the winter. consequently, body mass is highest before the spring migration. we studied the pattern of body mass changes in the black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) from december 2010 to december 2016 in the shinhama area of chiba, japan. based on 327 captured animals, body mass increased during the wintering period, but tended to decrease before migration. in 2014 ...201728757507
a43 modeling the ecology and evolution of h13 and h16 avian influenza a subtypes in black-headed gulls to understand influenza disease dynamics. 201728845241
avian influenza virus surveillance in south-central spain using fecal samples of aquatic birds foraging at landfills.aquatic wild birds have been intensively studied to better understand their role in avian influenza virus (aiv) maintenance and spread. to date, aiv surveillance has primarily focused on natural aquatic environments where different bird species aggregate and viral survival is enhanced. however, artificial habitats such as landfills are attracting substantial numbers of wild birds, aiv reservoir species included. the use of landfills as a predictable food source has significantly influenced popul ...201729124060
factors affecting element concentrations in eggshells of three sympatrically nesting waterbirds in northern poland.avian eggshells are convenient samples in biomonitoring studies, because they are easily accessible, especially from colonially or semicolonially breeding birds. in the present study, concentrations of 17 elements, including heavy metals and essential elements in post-hatch eggshells, were compared among three species of waterbirds of differing strategies for gaining reserves for egg production and diet: mallard, anas platyrhynchos (ml, a capital breeder, mainly herbivorous), common tern, sterna ...201829170796
wild waterfowl as potential vectors of vibrio cholerae and aeromonas species.to study the hypothesis that migratory waterfowl are possible disseminators of vibrio cholerae and aeromonas.201829733476
black-headed gulls synchronise their activity with their nearest neighbours.animals in groups can benefit from synchronising their behaviour, where multiple individuals conduct similar activities at the same moment in time. previous studies have demonstrated that some species show synchronisation of vigilance behaviour, but have not explored the mechanism driving this behaviour. synchronisation could be driven by animals copying their closest neighbours, which would mean that close proximity should lead to increased synchronisation. we simultaneously observed the behavi ...201829967446
characteristics of microbial communities and intestinal pathogenic bacteria for migrated larus ridibundus in southwest china.larus ridibundus, a migratory wild bird, has become one of the most popular gull species in southwest china in recent years. there has been no information on the gut microbiota and intestinal pathogenic bacteria configuration in wild l. ridibundus, even though the public are in close contact with this bird. in this study, 16s rrna amplicon-sequencing methods were used to describe the microbial community structure and intestinal pathogenic bacteria were isolated to identify their characteristics. ...201929978594
new evidence for the east-west spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus between central asian and east asian-australasian flyways in china.the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus is associated with wild fowl migration in east asian-australasian (ea) and central asian (ca) flyways. however, the spread of h5n1 virus between the two flyways is still unclear. here, the movements of wild waterfowl were obtained from satellite tracking data covering seven bar-headed geese and three great black-headed gulls breeding in the qinghai lake area (along the ea flyway), and 20 whooper swans wintering in the sanmenxia re ...201931164049
carriage and potential long distance transmission of listeria monocytogenes by migratory black-headed gulls in dianchi lake, kunming.listeria monocytogenes is a high risk pathogen which can cause invasive diseases in humans. we previously reported that black-headed gulls from dianchi lake of kunming carrying l. monocytogenes, while the characteristics of these isolates and the relationship with habitats of migratory gulls have not been explored. in this study, we investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of listeria monocytogenes from black-headed gulls in dianchi lake, and phylogenetic analysis based on core ...201931393224
comparative analysis of intestine microbiota of four wild waterbird species.waterbirds are ubiquitous and globally distributed. yet, studies on wild waterbirds' gut microbiota are still rare. our aim was to explore and compare the gut microbial community composition of wild waterbird species. four wild waterbird species that are either wintering or all-year residents in israel were studied: great cormorants, little egrets, black-crowned night herons and black-headed gulls. for each bird, three intestinal sections were sampled; anterior, middle and posterior. no signific ...201931481943
relaxation of selective constraints shapes variation of toll-like receptors in a colonial waterbird, the black-headed gull.nonspecific innate immune response is activated by toll-like receptors (tlrs), which recognize conserved molecular motifs characteristic for a broad spectrum of pathogens. in this study, we examined nucleotide substitution patterns and allelic diversity at five tlr genes in a wild nonpasserine bird, the black-headed gull chroicocephalus ridibundus. we hypothesized that balancing selection can maintain high allelic diversity of tlr genes in the black-headed gull because of its ecological characte ...202031996941
systemic collapse of a host-parasite trematode network associated with wetland birds in europe.as host community diversity decreases, parasite diversity may also decline. the life cycles of trematodes involve multiple hosts from different orders, with many trematodes displaying narrow host specialization. in the 1960s and 2010s, we performed full-body necropsies of juvenile or first-year birds of four wetland bird species, anas platyrhynchos, aythya fuligula, fulica atra, and chroicocephalus ridibundus which originated from the southern czech republic, and examined them for the presence o ...202032088756
low occurrence of acinetobacter baumannii in gulls and songbirds.acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide occurring nosocomial pathogen, the natural habitats of which remain to be defined. recently, white stork nestlings have been described as a recurring source of a. baumannii. here, we challenged the hypothesis of a general preference of a. baumannii for avian hosts. taking advantage of campaigns to ring free-living birds, we collected cloacal swab samples from 741 black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) in poland, tracheal and cloacal swabs from 285 ...202032162853
[molecular-genetic characterization of avian avulavirus 20 strains isolated from wild birds.]previously unknown paramyxovirus strains were isolated from wild birds in 2013-2014 in kazakhstan and subsequently identified as representatives of the novel avian avulavirus 20 species. the aims and tasks were molecular genetic characterization of novel avulaviruses and investigation of their phylogenetic relationships.201932163685
relationship between blood test values and blood lead (pb) levels in black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus: laridae).few studies have evaluated immunosuppression due to lead accumulation below the overt toxicity threshold. if low levels of lead accumulation cause immunosuppression in birds, those birds could become more susceptible to pathogens. we aimed to determine if low levels of lead accumulation lead to immunosuppression in black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus). gulls were captured in tokyo-bay and mikawa-bay from january to april 2019. their blood samples were analyzed for eight items. the dat ...202032565496
intercolony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubation period.using gps loggers, we examined the influence of colony, sex, and bird identity on foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubation period. we studied tracks of 36 individuals breeding in one urban and two rural colonies in poland. birds from both rural colonies performed the furthest flights (mean max distance 8-12 km, up to 27 km) foraging mainly in agricultural areas. gulls from the urban colony performed shorter flights (mean 5 km, up to 1 ...202032607169
postnatal ossification sequences in acrocephalus scirpaceus and chroicocephalus ridibundus (aves: neognathae): the precocial-altricial spectrum and evolution of compound bones in birds.although the development of the avian skeleton has attracted considerable attention, most of the studies have been concentrated on the embryonic period, while studies on the postnatal period are rare. we studied the postnatal development of the skeleton in two phylogenetically distant birds, an altricial passerine acrocephalus scirpaceus and a semiprecocial charadriiform chroicocephalus ridibundus. the neonates of the former, despite being altricial, have well-ossified skeleton-the degree of dev ...202032875600
the effects of migration on the immunity of black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus: laridae).in order to elucidate the relationship between migration period and immunity related to susceptibility, we conducted research on black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus). we captured 260 gulls and collected their peripheral blood. their leukocyte (wbc) count, percentages of heterophils (het) and lymphocytes (lym), heterophil and lymphocyte ratio (h/l ratio), and cd4 and cd8α expression levels (cd4 and cd8α, respectively) were quantitatively analyzed over three migration periods (autumn mi ...202032963148
mercury exposure in birds linked to marine ecosystems in the western mediterranean.mercury (hg), particularly as methylmercury (mehg), is a nonessential, persistent, and bioaccumulative toxic element with high biomagnification capacity and is considered a threat to marine environments. we evaluated total hg concentrations in liver, kidney, and brain in 62 individuals of 9 bird species linked to marine ecosystems from western mediterranean admitted in a wildlife rehabilitation center (wrc) (alicante, spain, 2005-2020). age- and sex-related differences in hg levels, as well as t ...202033106911
human noroviruses attach to intestinal tissue of a broad range of animal species.human noroviruses are the most common non-bacterial cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks with new variants and genotypes frequently emerging. the origin of these new viruses is unknown; however, animals have been proposed as a potential source as human noroviruses have been detected in animal species. here we investigated the potential of animals to serve as reservoir of human noroviruses, by testing noroviruses attachment to formalin-fixed intestinal tissues of a range of potential reservoir anim ...202033115870
pathogen presence in wild birds inhabiting landfills in central iran.wild birds are important in the transmission of many zoonotic pathogens such as salmonella and avian influenza virus (aiv). the current study investigated the presence of bacterial and viral pathogens in birds foraging at an open landfill located in central iran. we collected blood and intestinal samples from five abundant species, including rook (corvus frugilegus), european starling (sturnus vulgaris), house sparrow (passer domesticus), black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus) and slende ...202133783651
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