Publications

early-life exposure to endotoxin alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and predisposition to inflammation.	we have investigated whether exposure to gram-negative bacterial endotoxin in early neonatal life can alter neuroendocrine and immune regulation in adult animals. exposure of neonatal rats to a low dose of endotoxin resulted in long-term changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis activity, with elevated mean plasma corticosterone concentrations that resulted from increased corticosterone pulse frequency and pulse amplitude. in addition to this marked effect on the development of the hp ...	2000	10779563
influence of the level and location of contamination on the multiplication of salmonella enteritidis at different storage temperatures in experimentally inoculated eggs.	prompt refrigeration to temperatures capable of restricting microbial growth has been recommended as an approach to reducing the likelihood that contaminated eggs will transmit salmonella enteritidis to humans. by using experimentally contaminated egg components, the present study determined the extent to which small numbers of s. enteritidis could grow to more dangerous levels at different temperatures over a period up to 3 d. this model was intended to simulate the potential opportunities for ...	2000	10780654
programmes to control or eradicate salmonella in animal production in denmark.	the number of diagnosed cases of salmonella infections in humans has been increasing during the latest 10 years, for the last 5 years mainly because of an increase in infections with salmonella enteritidis. as far as danish produced animal products is concerned, it is assumed that the most important sources of human salmonella infections are, in order of priority: eggs, poultry meat and pork. in denmark there are at the moment public and voluntary salmonella pre-harvest reduction programmes in t ...	1999	10783730
immobilization with metal hydroxides as a means to concentrate food-borne bacteria for detection by cultural and molecular methods.	the application of nucleic acid amplification methods to the detection of food-borne pathogens could be facilitated by concentrating the organisms from the food matrix before detection. this study evaluated the utility of metal hydroxide immobilization for the concentration of bacterial cells from dairy foods prior to detection by cultural and molecular methods. using reconstituted nonfat dry milk (nfdm) as a model, two food-borne pathogens (listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar ...	2000	10788338
characterization of swimming motility and identification of flagellar proteins in salmonella pullorum isolates.	to identify swimming motility in salmonella pullorum isolates and to characterize the flagellar proteins produced by motile isolates.	1999	10791949
bacterial lipopolysaccharide acts as an adjuvant to induce autoimmune arthritis in mice.	we investigated the ability of lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an adjuvant to induce autoimmune arthritis. lps from escherichia coli was intraperitoneally injected into dba/1j mice together with the joint cartilage component type ii collagen (cii) on day 0. thereafter, the injection of cii and lps was continued every 2 weeks up to day 56. the results showed that mice injected with cii plus lps had signs of arthritis on day 55 and the joint inflammation reached a peak on day 75. injection of cii or l ...	2000	10792509
modulation of salmonella infection by the lectins of canavalia ensiformis (con a) and galanthus nivalis (gna) in a rat model in vivo.	the plant lectins, concanavalin a (con a) and galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna) have been prefed to rats for 3 d pre- and 6 d postinfection with salmonella typhimurium s986 or salm. enteritidis 857. con a significantly increased numbers of salm. typhimurium s986 in the large intestine and in faeces, and severely impaired growth of the rats, more severely than is the case of infection with salmonella typhimurium alone. con a had much less effect on rats infected with salm. enteritidis 857 only s ...	2000	10792532
availability of nagarse for dna analysis as a substitute for proteinase k.	the availability of nagarse, a protease, as a substitute for proteinase k for digestion of leukocytic or bacterial dnas was studied. the amount and purity of dnas extracted from leukocytes and several bacterial strains with nagarse were compared with those of dnas treated with proteinase. nagarse exhibited the same behavior as proteinase k in digesting leukocytes, and it could also be used for bacterial digestion for physical mapping of genomic dna by biased sinusoid field gel electrophoresis. n ...	2000	10797607
the role of sef14 and sef17 fimbriae in the adherence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis to inanimate surfaces.	to gain an understanding of the role of fimbriae and flagella in the adherence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis to inanimate surfaces, the extent of adherence of viable wild-type strains to a polystyrene microtitration plate was determined by a crystal violet staining assay. elaboration of surface antigens by adherent bacteria was assayed by fimbriae- and flagella-specific elisas. wild-type enteritidis strains adhered well at 37 degrees c and 25 degrees c when grown in microtitration ...	2000	10798562
[salmonelloses in the czech republic 1989-1998].	in the czech republic in 1989 a triple increase of the incidence of salmonelloses was recorded: 34,435 cases. since that year the morbidity trend varies between 400 and 500 cases per 100,000 population. the dominating agent (95% and more) is salmonella enteritidis pt8. the epidemic incidence was recorded on the whole territory of the czech republic mainly in moravia and in the east bohemian region. the specific morbidity is highest in 0 and 1-4 year-old children. the seasonal incidence has two p ...	2000	10802950
[use of ward et al's scheme for bacteriophage typing of salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in poland].	the typing phages set of ward et al. was used to type a total of 517 strains of salmonella enteritidis isolated in poland in 1986-1995. according to the ward et al. scheme, 56.5% of the strains tested were assigned to 14 different phage types. phage types 8, 4, 1 and 4a were placed first, second, third and fourth, respectively. they were dominated both in the outbreak isolates and in the isolates from the other sources. ten phage types were represented by single strains. other strains reacted wi ...	1999	10803257
subdivision of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage types pt14b and pt21 by plasmid profiling.	we have shown that plasmid profiling is a sensitive method for further identification of strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) phage type pt21 and to a lesser extent the strains of phage type pt14b. five and three plasmid types were identified within 33 strains of phage type pt21 and 19 strains of phage type pt14b, respectively. plasmid types in strains of phage type pt21 showed significant correlation with geographical origin of the strain. in strains of phage type ...	2000	10808090
adsorption of salmonella enteritidis by cetylpyridinium-exchanged montmorillonite clays.	recent experiments in our laboratory have suggested that certain montmorillonite clays, when exchanged with the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium (cp), may be useful in removing bacteria from aqueous solution. during an initial study, screening various cp-exchanged products for potential antibacterial activity, three cp-exchanged clays - cpaam (acid-activated montmorillonite), cpstx-1 (ca(++)-montmorillonite), and cp*swy-2 (na(+)-montmorillonite), proved to be the most effective. binding stu ...	2000	10808094
some emerging food and water borne pathogens.	emerging pathogens are those infective organisms whose incidence has recently increased or is likely to increase during the next two decades due to changes in demography, food habits, food technology, commerce, water sources and environmental factors. some important emerging food and water borne bacterial pathogens include listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli o157: h7, vibrio cholerae biotype e1 tor serotype 0139, vibrio ...	1999	10810592
cs22, a novel human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli adhesin, is related to cs15.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) expresses a broad spectrum of o:h antigens. serogroup o20 is one of the most prevalent among the etec strains lacking any of the defined colonization factors (cfs), in argentina. an o20:h- strain, arg-3, adhered to caco-2 cells and exhibited a thermoregulated 15.7-kda protein band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). an antiserum against this protein inhibited arg-3 adhesion to caco-2 cells and bound to very thin fibri ...	2000	10816474
a clinical and bacteriological study of children suffering from haemolytic uraemic syndrome in tucuman, argentina.	haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is a disease with serious consequences for children, such as terminal chronic renal failure. during the last few years there have been numerous studies undertaken to determine whether there is a relationship between this disease and the presence of shiga toxin-producing bacteria. escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7 is one of the most frequent etiologic agents of hus. it acts through cytotoxins called shiga toxin 1 (stx1) and/or shiga toxin 2 (stx2) and carries a ...	1999	10816611
toxic megacolon secondary to infective colitis in children.	toxic megacolon is a fulminating and potentially lethal complication of severe colitis. toxic megacolon secondary to infective colitis in children is rare. we analyzed the clinical course, pathology, treatment, and outcome of toxic megacolon secondary to infective colitis in children.	2000	10820951
preventive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on infection of salmonella enteritidis in young and laying hens.	the preventive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (phgg) on the colonization of salmonella enteritidis (se) in young and laying hens was investigated. the effects of feed supplemented with 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% phgg was examined on young hens orally infected with se. the incidence of se in organs was decreased, the excretion of se into feces was increased, and the agglutinating antibody titer to se in serum was decreased by the administration of phgg to young hens. in particular, feed suppl ...	2000	10824957
nontyphoid salmonella bacteremia: age-related differences in clinical presentation, bacteriology, and outcome.	in a retrospective study, 80 episodes of nontyphoid salmonella (nts) bacteremia in children were compared with 55 episodes in adults over a 10-year period. the study disclosed major differences in the predisposition, clinical presentation, and outcome as well as the microbiology of nts bacteremia in relation to age. adults were more likely than children to have predisposing diseases (95% vs. 15%, respectively; p < .0001) and to receive prior medications (95% vs. 23%, respectively; p < .0001), pa ...	1999	10825045
incidence of salmonella in fish and seafood.	field laboratories of the u.s. food and drug administration collected and tested 11,312 import and 768 domestic seafood samples over a 9-year period (1990 to 1998) for the presence of salmonella. the overall incidence of salmonella was 7.2% for import and 1.3% for domestic seafood. nearly 10% of import and 2.8% of domestic raw seafood were positive for salmonella. the overall incidence of salmonella in ready-to-eat seafood and shellfish eaten raw was 0.47% for domestic--one shucked oyster and on ...	2000	10826714
prevalence of salmonella spp. in poultry broilers and shell eggs in korea.	this study was conducted to determine the presence of salmonella spp. in raw broilers and shell eggs in korea. in total, 135 dozen shell eggs and 27 raw broilers were tested. none of the egg yolks were found to contain salmonella organisms but escherichia coli, escherichia hermanii, and citrobacter freundii were isolated from egg shells. salmonella spp. were detected in 25.9% of raw broilers, and salmonella serotypes isolated from raw broilers were salmonella enteritidis, salmonella virchow, and ...	2000	10826725
[a new case of intravascular infection by salmonella enteritidis].		2000	10829479
restriction-site-specific pcr as a rapid test to detect enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 strains in environmental samples.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 is an important food-borne pathogen in industrialized countries. we developed a rapid and simple test for detecting e. coli o157:h7 using a method based on restriction site polymorphisms. restriction-site-specific pcr (rss-pcr) involves the amplification of dna fragments using primers based on specific restriction enzyme recognition sequences, without the use of endonucleases, to generate a set of amplicons that yield "fingerprint" patterns when ...	2000	10831431
dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulation changes in the cecal tonsils of chickens infected with salmonella enteritidis.	salmonella enteritidis (se)-induced changes in various t and b lymphocyte subpopulations in the cecal tonsils of chickens were analyzed using flow cytometry. at 1 day post-se inoculation, the percentages of cd3(+) and cd8(+) t lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the group inoculated with 1x10(9) se colony-forming units (cfu) (se high) and in the group inoculated with 1x10(6) se cfu (se low) compared with the uninfected control group. the percentage of cd4(+) t lymphocytes was significant ...	2000	10831856
epidemiologic typing of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in a canada-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis due to contaminated cheese.	a major canada-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage type (pt) 8 occurred in 1998, and this was traced to contaminated cheese in a commercial lunch pack product. phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis linked the clinical and cheese isolates of serotype enteritidis but failed to differentiate outbreak from nonoutbreak pt 8 strains. further differentiation was made by biotyping based on melibiose fermentation.	2000	10835016
[an outbreak of salmonellosis in one of the wholesale markets of moscow due to salmonella enteritidis].		1999	10852079
in vitro activity of rifaximin, metronidazole and vancomycin against clostridium difficile and the rate of selection of spontaneously resistant mutants against representative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, including ammonia-producing species.	rifaximin is a rifamycin derivative characterized by a wide antibacterial activity. this drug is neither absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract nor inactivated by gastric juices, and exerts its action entirely within the intestinal lumen.	2000	10859431
[bacteriophage types of salmonella enteritidis occurring in poland in 1986-1995].	the lalko phages collection was used to phage type a total of 517 salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from food-poisoning outbreaks (312 strains) and other common sources (205 strains) in poland, during the years 1986-1995. above 99.0% of all strains tested were recognized as belonging to definitive phage type. phage types 1, 6 and 7 were predominant. the strains of type 1 and 7 were most numerous. of the 517 examined strains 312 were isolated from 46 food-poisoning outbreaks. most of them c ...	1999	10865433
[acute pancreatitis caused by salmonella enteritidis].		2000	10867415
[the interaction of yersinia, listeria and salmonella with plant cells].	the results of the interaction of bacteria of the genera yersinia, listeria and salmonella, pathogenic for humans and animals, with callus cultures of different plant species are presented. as revealed in this study, complicated interactions developed between bacteria and plant cells. plant cells were shown to be highly sensitive to the action of bacteria. yersinia, listeria and salmonella were found to be capable of callus damage. the influence of plant cells on bacteria was more complicated: b ...	2000	10876881
thermoregulation in complex situations: combined heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation.	heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation are stressors that, individually, produce disturbances in more than one regulated system, calling for diverse compensatory responses. a potential conflict is created when these stimuli are combined and impose concurrent stressful loads on the body because the homeostatic defenses mobilized against one are also partly needed against the other stressors. to learn how the competing demands of combined stressors for shared regulatory systems are ...	2000	10879426
pathologic and bacteriologic findings in 27-week-old commercial laying hens experimentally infected with salmonella enteritidis, phage type 4.	two strains of 27-wk-old commercial laying chickens (strain a, brown-egg-laying type and strain b, white-egg-laying type) were inoculated either orally (po) or intravenously (iv) with a field isolate of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. chickens were sequentially necropsied at regular intervals throughout the 17-wk observation period. gross and microscopic lesions were most evident between 1 and 14 days postinoculation (dpi). gross lesions consisted of enlarged livers with white foci, enlarge ...	2000	10879902
results of a salmonella enteritidis vaccination field trial in broiler-breeder flocks in the netherlands.	from august 1995 until december 1997, the effect of adding salmonella enteritidis (se) vaccination to a certified standardized biosecurity program in a situation of increased infection risk was examined in a field trial in the netherlands. in this field trial, two groups of broiler-breeder flocks with increased infection risk were vaccinated, one group with vac-t/talovac logse(group a) and the second group with salenvac (group b). the determination of increased infection risk in groups a and b w ...	2000	10879903
establishment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a coated deflagellated salmonella enteritidis antigen for detection of a specific chicken antibody.	we attempted to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for field monitoring/profiling purposes for salmonella enteritidis (se) infection of poultry flocks. serotyping rabbit sera, commercially obtained, specific for salmonella identification sera to o2, o4, o7, o8, s. vi, s. hm, and o9, showed negative elisa (e)-values (< 0.2) on elisa, except the o9 identification serum (e-value > 0.5). similar negative e-value results were obtained for antisera to echerichia coli (e. o antigen) ...	2000	10879908
food poisoning at a masonic lodge.		1994	10884859
apple pie: an unusual vehicle for food poisoning.		1994	10884860
food poisoning associated with a self-catered wedding reception.		1994	10884861
effect of alanyl-glutamine on leucine and protein metabolism in endotoxemic rats.	branched-chain amino acids (bcaa; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) have a regulatory effect on protein metabolism and are the main donor for synthesis of alanine and glutamine in the skeletal muscle. this study was performed to investigate whether exogenous alanine or glutamine would affect leucine and protein metabolism in intact and endotoxemic rats.	2000	10885715
development of a direct viable count procedure for the investigation of vbnc state in listeria monocytogenes.	a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) bacterial state was originally detected in studies in environmental microbiology. in particular, this state has been demonstrated for a number of human pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio cholerae, legionella pneumophila and campylobacter jejuni). the presence of vbnc cells poses a major public health problem since they cannot be detected by traditional culturing methods and the cells remain potentially pathogenic under favourable condit ...	2000	10886620
kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity.	kombucha was prepared in a tea broth (0.5% w/v) supplemented with sucrose (10% w/v) by using a commercially available starter culture. the ph decreased steadily from 5 to 2.5 during the fermentation while the weight of the "tea fungus" and the od of the tea broth increased through 4 days of the fermentation and remained fairly constant thereafter. the counts of acetic acid-producing bacteria and yeasts in the broth increased up to 4 days of fermentation and decreased afterward. the antimicrobial ...	2000	10888589
genotypic characterisation by pfge of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage types 1, 4, 6, and 8 isolated from animal and human sources in three european countries.	a total of 101 strains of salmonella enteritidis phage types (pt) 1, 4, 6, and 8 from denmark, england and spain were studied by pfge to elucidate genetic relationships among strains isolated from animal, human and environmental sources between 1983 and 1997. analysis with xba i, bln i and spe i enzymes showed that the power of discrimination of this method was increased by the combination of the three enzymes (d=0.802), subdividing the strains into 28 genomic groups or genotypes. many of the pt ...	2000	10889406
four linked outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection--the continuing egg threat.	four outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type (pt) 4 occurred among guests at functions for which a single commercial caterer supplied food. retrospective cohort studies were used to describe the epidemiology of three of these outbreaks and identify the vehicle(s) responsible. of 172 guests at these three events, 47 fitted the clinical case definition for illness and 24 cases were confirmed to have s. enteritidis pt4 infection. food containing raw egg was identified epidemiologically as th ...	2000	10902250
antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enteritidis, southern italy, 1990-1998.	during 1990 to 1998, we identified multidrug-resistant isolates of salmonella enteritidis in southern italy. plasmids containing class i integrons and codifying for synthesis of extended- spectrum beta-lactamases were detected. active surveillance for resistance to antimicrobial agents is needed to guard against the possible spread of resistant clones.	2000	10905977
[hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a patient with bacterial food poisoning].	a rare case of a 47-year-old man with bacterial food poisoning due to salmonella enteritidis, complicated by haemolitic-uraemic syndrome was described.	2000	10907373
chronological recognition by chicken of antigenic polypeptides in salmonella enteritidis with different plasmid profiles: relationship to infection rate.	the antigenic polypeptides in salmonella enteritidis (se) were chronologically recognized by the chicken immune system, using western immunoblotting. broiler chicks challenged at three days of age with se strain carrying the most prevalent plasmid profile of 14.1 and about (approximately) 50 kb were bled at 17, 24, 31, 38 and 45 days of age. pooled sera of blood collected at each age was reacted by western immunoblotting with banded polypeptides of three predominant se strains that acquired the ...	2000	10907680
a variation of the amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique using three restriction endonucleases, and assessment of the enzyme combination bglii-mfei for aflp analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates.	we have performed amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting on a collection of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains with a restriction endonuclease combination (bglii and mfei) that has previously been used successfully for typing campylobacter jejuni isolates with high resolution. additionally, a variation of the aflp assay in which two rare cutting restriction enzymes (xbai and bsrgi) in combination with the frequent cutter (hinp1i) was examined. t ...	2000	10913860
isolation of salmonella spp. from the housefly, musca domestica l., and the dump fly, hydrotaea aenescens (wiedemann) (diptera: muscidae), at caged-layer houses.	flies, especially houseflies, are widely recognized as potential reservoirs and vectors of foodborne salmonella pathogens. in this study, flies were collected at caged-layer facilities that had produced eggs that were implicated as the food vehicle in two recent outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis infections. the flies were separated by species into pools for microbiological testing. a total of 15 species pools of houseflies, musca domestica l., and 7 species pools of bronze dump flies, hydrotae ...	2000	10914668
genotypic heterogeneity of streptococcus oralis and distinct aciduric subpopulations in human dental plaque.	the genotypic heterogeneity of streptococcus oralis isolated from the oral cavity was investigated using repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr. unrelated subjects harbored unique genotypes, with numerous genotypes being isolated from an individual. s. oralis is the predominant aciduric bacterium isolated from noncarious tooth sites. genotypic comparison of the aciduric populations isolated at ph 5.2 with those isolated from mitis-salivarius agar (msa) (ph 7.0) indicated that the aciduric populat ...	2000	10919787
have lessons been learned from the uk bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic?	history is full of examples of public health, commerce and politics in conflict. in recent years attempts to protect uk egg producers, after the discovery of salmonella enteritidis (phage type 4) in hens' eggs, strained previously good working relationships between medical and veterinary epidemiologists and ended the political career of a government minister who spoke out in defence of the public health. against the background lessons of earlier high profile public health problems in the uk conf ...	2000	10922352
[a new live salmonella enteritidis vaccine for chickens--experimental evidence of its safety and efficacy].	within the works for the registration of a new live salmonella enteritidis vaccine for layers, safety and efficacy of the vaccine strain were tested by experimental studies. after oral administration of the single and the tenfold dose, no incompatibility reactions were seen in day-old chicks. the laying performance and the egg weight were not affected by the vaccination of the chickens during the laying period. there was only a limited period in which the excretion of the vaccine strain and its ...	2000	10925515
[the action of a preparation of escherichia coli m-17 growth autostimulants (actoflor) on the growth of pure and mixed bacterial cultures].	the effect of the preparation of e. coli m-17 low-molecular exometabolites (actoflor), containing growth autostimulators, on the growth of pure cultures of e. coli m-17 e. coli k-12, salmonella enteritidis, serratia marcescens and bifidobacterium adolescentis mc-42 was studied. this preparation was shown to stimulate the growth of all above-mentioned bacteria. the addition of actoflor also led to the acceleration of growth in the cultivation of mixed cultures of e. coli m-17 with e. coli k-12 (o ...	2000	10925866
characterization of group d1 non-typhoid salmonella isolates by serotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis.	non-typhoid salmonella infection is not uncommon in immunocompetent patients in taiwan. bacterial factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of such infections. in a previous study, salmonella group d1 was found to have the tendency to cause bacteremia with a higher frequency than other serotypes. in the present study, we prospectively collected 94 salmonella group d1 isolates for serotyping and molecular typing. salmonella panama and salmonella dublin seemed more invasive than other ...	1999	10927958
adhesion of salmonella enterica var enteritidis strains lacking fimbriae and flagella to rat ileal explants cultured at the air interface or submerged in tissue culture medium.	rat ileal air interface and submerged explant models were developed and used to compare the adhesion of salmonella enterica var enteritidis wild-type strains with that of their isogenic single and multiple deletion mutants. the modified strains studied were defective for fimbriae, flagella, motility or chemotaxis and binding was assessed on tissues with and without an intact mucus layer. a multiple afimbriate/aflagellate (fim-/fla-) strain, a fimbriate but aflagellate (fla-) strain and a fimbria ...	2000	10933252
salmonella septic arthritis in a patient with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with steroid.	salmonella has three clinical presentations: self-limiting gastroenteritis, a systemic syndrome (enteric or typhoid fever), and bacteremia with focal infection. hematogenous infections can cause focal lesions, but unusual manifestations occur more often when predisposing factors such as t cell defect, hemolytic disorders (sickle cell disease, malaria) or trauma are present. salmonella tend to invade bones and joints. there is no mention of acute idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura as a ...	2000	10936983
comparison of microbiological risk assessment studies published.	the fao/who risk analysis framework and principles are in the process of being implemented in different national and international settings. the importance of a further development of international co-operation based upon agreed principles in this area is stressed in the codex alimentarius system, as well as under the wto/sps agreements. key input in this context will come from the presentation of formalised microbiological risk assessments. the number of peer-review published microbiological ri ...	2000	10939269
blockade of salmonella enteritidis passage across the basolateral barriers of human intestinal epithelial cells by specific antibody.	antibodies specific to salmonella enteritidis (s.e.) were obtained from immunized egg yolk, and their protective effects against s.e. were studied by using monolayer-cultured human intestinal epithelial cells, caco-2 and t84. the salmonella adherence and entry to the cells were partially inhibited by the antibodies. the antibodies inhibited the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (teer) of the intestinal epithelial monolayers and il-8 secretion of the cells induced by s.e. invasion ...	2000	10941930
the virulence plasmids of salmonella.	certain salmonella serovars belonging to subspecies i carry a large, low-copy-number plasmid that contains virulence genes. virulence plasmids are required to trigger systemic disease; their involvement in the enteric stage of the infection is unclear. salmonella virulence plasmids are heterogeneous in size (50-90 kb), but all share a 7.8 kb region, spv, required for bacterial multiplication in the reticuloendothelial system. other loci of the plasmid, such as the fimbrial operon pef, the conjug ...	1999	10943411
extra-intestinal non-typhoidal salmonella infections in children.	extra-intestinal non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) infections are uncommon in developed countries but common in developing ones. the risk factors, clinical features and outcome of children admitted to the department of paediatrics, university of malaya medical center, kuala lumpur from 1978 to 1998 with extra-intestinal nts infections were reviewed. all positive cultures of nts, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, synovial, pericardial and other body secretions (except stools), were included. of the ...	2000	10945063
salmonella contamination in commercial layer feed in japan.	a total of 4,418 samples of commercial layer feeds obtained in 1998 were investigated for the presence of salmonellae. a total of 146 strains of salmonellae which consisted of 32 serovars, including 20 strains of salmonella enteritidis, were isolated from 143 feed samples.	2000	10945303
expression of the hila salmonella typhimurium gene in a poultry salm. enteritidis isolate in response to lactate and nutrients.	pathogens express virulence genes in response to the combination of environmental conditions present in the host environment. the crop is the first gastrointestinal environment encountered in birds. however, feed withdrawal alters the crop environment resulting in an increased ph, and decreased concentrations of lactate, glucose and amino acids compared with unmoulted birds. salmonella enteritidis infections increase significantly in hens that have been force moulted by feed withdrawal. the pres ...	2000	10945780
survival of salmonella in bathrooms and toilets in domestic homes following salmonellosis.	the survival and environmental spread of salmonella bacteria from domestic toilets was examined in homes, where a family member had recently suffered an attack of salmonellosis. in four out of six households tested, salmonella bacteria persisted in the biofilm material found under the recess of the toilet bowl rim which was difficult to remove with household toilet cleaners. in two homes salmonella bacteria became incorporated into the scaly biofilm adhering to the toilet bowl surface below the ...	2000	10945790
orally administered attenuated salmonella enteritidis reduces chicken cecal carriage of virulent salmonella challenge organisms.	chickens were immunized orally with 10(9)cfu of the temperature-sensitive (t(s)) mutant e/1/3 of salmonella enteritidis at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days of age. the animals were challenged with wild-type strains of salmonella of different serotypes 7 or 14 days following immunization. chickens receiving multiple oral doses of the vaccine strain showed no signs of disease. immunized animals shed the vaccine strain for at least 2 weeks after the last inoculation; on the other hand, colonization by the attenu ...	2000	10946148
rapid identification of salmonella typhimurium, s. enteritidis and s. virchow isolates by polymerase chain reaction based fingerprinting methods.	in this study we used and evaluated three rapid molecular typing methods for the identification of three frequent, clinically significant salmonella serovars on the basis of the ease, simplicity and reproducibility of the chosen methods. we determined the genetic diversity among several isolates of salmonella enteritidis, s. typhimiurium and s. virchow, and compared them with other enterobacteria by using the repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) sequences, the enterobacterial repetitive inter ...	2000	10963331
salmonella enteritidis diarrhoea in harare, zimbabwe.	the study was conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonella enteritidis diarrhoea in an urban area in zimbabwe. stool specimens from people of all ages presenting at primary level health centres in harare were investigated for s. enteritidis and other bacterial and parasitic enteric pathogens. the first 46 s. enteritidis isolates were phage-typed, and all isolates were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin (10 microg), chloramphenicol (30 microg), cotrimoxazole (25 microg), tetracycline ...	2000	10964273
salmonella enteritidis hila gene fusion response after incubation in spent media from either s. enteritidis or a poultry lactobacillus strain.	the purpose of this study was to determine if growth of a poultry probiotic lactobacilli strain can influence s. enteritidis virulence expression by measuring the response of a hila-laczy transcriptional fusion. beta-galactosidase activity was not detected when s. enteritidis was incubated in lactobacillus-spent medium (24 h growth, ph 4.1, 50.4 mm lactate) but was detectable in spent medium from 4 h growth cultures of lactobacillus sp. (final od of 0.213, ph 5.7, 12 mm lactate) when ph and lact ...	2000	10968610
role of antibiotic therapy on long-term germ excretion in faeces and digestive symptoms after salmonella infection.	the role of antibiotic therapy on salmonella faecal excretion is controversial. acute salmonella gastroenteritis induces long-lasting digestive symptoms in up to one-third of subjects. the role of antimicrobial therapy on persistent post-infectious symptoms is unknown.	2000	10971228
disseminated histoplasmosis in a non-immunocompromised child.	we describe a 2 year-old non-immunocompromised girl with disseminated histoplasmosis who presented with a 2-month history of fever and bloody diarrhoea. on presentation, she was severely wasted and anaemic. there were gross hepatosplenomegaly and multiple lymphadenopathy. a septic screen was negative. a subsequent stool culture isolated salmonella enteriditis. serial widal-weil felix (wwf) titres showed serological response after 2 weeks of ceftriaxone. however, she continued to have spiking fev ...	1999	10972016
a fusobacterium mortiferum strain produces a bacteriocin-like substance(s) inhibiting salmonella enteritidis.	seven strictly anaerobic strains showing anti-salmonella enteritidis activity were isolated from poultry caecal contents. among them, the most inhibitory one, a strain of fusobacterium mortiferum, called fm1025, was selected. biochemical tests, showing the proteinaceous structure of the antagonist(s) produced, indicated that the strain fus. mortiferum fm1025 synthesized (a) bacteriocin-like compound(s) active against salm. enteritidis. among the other strains tested, both gram-negative and gram- ...	2000	10972711
transient sensitivity to nisin in cold-shocked gram negatives.	rapid chilling in the presence of nisin caused a dose-dependent reduction in the populations of several gram-negative bacteria, despite the fact that appreciable structural injury to the outer membrane was not detected. pseudomonas aeruginosa was most affected, followed by pseudomonas fragi, salmonella enteritidis pt4, pt7 and escherichia coli, respectively. addition of nisin after the chilling treatment had no effect. the results are ascribed to a transient susceptibility caused by phase change ...	2000	10972735
eradication of non-typhoid salmonellae in acute enteritis after therapy with ofloxacin for 5 or 10 days.	eradication of non-typhoid salmonellae was evaluated in a randomized, double-blinded study of 49 patients with acute enteritis after therapy with ofloxacin 400 mg once daily for 5 or 10 days. early eradication of salmonellae was found in 57% of patients in the 5 day therapy group and in 74% of patients in the 10 day therapy group. this difference was larger among severely ill patients. together with our previous study of ofloxacin therapy for 3 days or placebo, this shows that early eradication ...	2000	10980174
serovar specific risk factors and clinical features of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar enteritidis: a study in south-west germany.	human salmonellosis in germany has been an increasing problem since the 1980s, with a peak of 195,000 reported cases in 1992. during the peak years, isolates of salmonella enteritidis (se) predominated by far over other salmonella serovars (nse) (80 vs. 20%). in a comparison of the clinical characteristics of 790 persons infected with se to 175 persons infected with nse, watery diarrhoea (or 1.7) and high grade (> 39 degrees c) fever (or 1.8) were independently associated with se infection. when ...	2000	10982061
high-affinity interaction between gram-negative flagellin and a cell surface polypeptide results in human monocyte activation.	flagella from diverse gram-negative bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) synthesis by human monocytes (f. ciacci-woolwine, p. f. mcdermott, and s. b. mizel, infect. immun. 67:5176-5185, 1999). in this study, we establish that purified flagellin (flic or fljb), the major filament protein from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, is an extremely potent inducer of tnf-alpha productio ...	2000	10992449
competitive exclusion of salmonella enteritidis by salmonella gallinarum in poultry.	salmonella enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. epidemiologic data from england, wales, and the united states indicate that s. enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of s. gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. we tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in germany and demonstrated that the number of human s. enteritidis cases is inversely related to the preva ...	2000	10998373
[erythema nodosum associated with salmonella enteritidis infection].		2000	11003915
the relationship between glycogen synthesis, biofilm formation and virulence in salmonella enteritidis.	salmonella enteritidis accumulated large quantities of intracellular polysaccharide when grown in unrestricted nutrient conditions. dense, abundant cytoplasmic granules were observed by electron microscopy in sections stained by the periodic acid-chlorite technique, indicating that the polysaccharide was of the glycogen type. when biofilm-producing s. enteritidis was pre-incubated in media containing increasing levels of glucose concentration, the levels of both cytoplasmic glycogen and biofilm ...	2000	11004396
detection and characterisation of integrons in salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis.	integrons have been widely described among the enterobacteriaceae including strains of multi-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104; however, information with respect to the presence of integrons among s. enterica serotype enteritidis strains is limited. multi-resistant isolates of enteritidis were screened for the presence of integrons using a pcr protocol. one integron was detected in all isolates that were resistant to sulfonamide and streptomycin. characterisation of these ...	2000	11004412
a case study on salmonella enteritidis (se) origin at three egg-laying farms and its control with an s. enteritidis bacterin.	in the early 1990s, three egg-laying farms (farms s, t, and b) were thought to have the possibility of salmonella enteritidis (se) contamination because positive liquid egg samples originated from those farms. the present study was therefore conducted. the first clarification for se contamination was the study on the origin of se contamination including its vertical transmission. the results of se contamination profiling with dust and manure, food materials, dead embryos, and residual yolks on h ...	2000	11006998
drag swab efficiency factors when sampling chicken manure.	this study examines drag swabbing distance, media for moistening the drag swabs, and site selection when sampling a laying facility by drag swabbing manure piles. manure piles at a laying facility in california's san joaquin valley were sampled with drag swabs over various distances. samples were cultured for salmonella spp. with standard laboratory methods, and most probable number calculations. salmonella spp. counts were expected to be highly variable because of reported clustering. therefore ...	2000	11007017
deposition of phage type 4 and 13a salmonella enteritidis strains in the yolk and albumen of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens.	because egg yolk and albumen differ substantially in their abilities to support bacterial growth, the initial level and location of salmonella enteritidis deposition are critical for determining whether proposed standards for refrigerating eggs are likely to protect public health by preventing extensive microbial multiplication. in the present study, three groups of laying hens were infected with oral doses of approximately 10(9) cells of different s. enteritidis strains (two were phage type 4 a ...	2000	11007024
vesicle-mediated transfer of virulence genes from escherichia coli o157:h7 to other enteric bacteria.	membrane vesicles are released from the surfaces of many gram-negative bacteria during growth. vesicles consist of proteins, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipids, rna, and dna. results of the present study demonstrate that membrane vesicles isolated from the food-borne pathogen escherichia coli o157:h7 facilitate the transfer of genes, which are then expressed by recipient salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis or e. coli jm109. electron micrographs of purified dna from e. coli o157:h7 vesicles sh ...	2000	11010892
interactions of high hydrostatic pressure, pressurization temperature and ph on death and injury of pressure-resistant and pressure-sensitive strains of foodborne pathogens.	the objective of this study is to determine the interactions between high hydrostatic pressure, pressurization temperature, time and ph during pressurization on death and injury of pressure-resistant and pressure-sensitive strains of four foodborne pathogens: staphylococcus aureus 485 and 765, listeria ,monocytogenes ca and oh2, escherichia coli o157:h7 933 and 931, salmonella enteritidis fda and salmonella typhimurium e21274. among these strains s. aureus 485, l. monocytogenes ca, e. coli o157: ...	2000	11014520
comparison of danish isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt9a and pt11 from hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) and humans by plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	during the years 1994 to 1998, 10 strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 11 (pt11) and 6 pt9a strains were isolated from danish hedgehogs, together with 7 strains that did not yield phage susceptibility patterns conforming with any known phage type (routine dilution no conformity [rdnc]). from 1995 to 1998, five danish patients were reported infected with serovar enteritidis pt11 and two with pt9a. all serovar enteritidis pt11, pt9a, and rdnc isolates from hedgehogs and hu ...	2000	11015375
application of the agar gel precipitin test to detect antibodies to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in serum and egg yolks from infected hens.	serological surveillance can be an important component for egg quality assurance programs geared toward controlling problems with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) within a flock. serum is the primary sample source for the procedures, although egg yolk antibody assays have become popularity in recent years. however, these assays tend to be labor intensive, requiring procedures for extracting antibodies from the yolk followed by assaying the samples. we describe an adaptati ...	2000	11020067
antibacterial properties of xanthine oxidase in human milk.	formula-fed babies contract gastroenteritis more than breast-fed babies, which is of concern to mothers who cannot breastfeed or, as with hiv-infected mothers, are discouraged from breastfeeding. the ability of endogenous breastmilk xanthine oxidase to generate the antimicrobial radical nitric oxide has been measured and its influence on the growth of escherichia coli and salmonella enteritides examined. breastmilk, but not formula feed, generated nitric oxide. xanthine oxidase activity substant ...	2000	11022933
salmonella enteritidis temperature-sensitive mutants protect mice against challenge with virulent salmonella strains of different serotypes.	the protection conferred by temperature-sensitive mutants of salmonella enteritidis against different wild-type salmonella serotypes was investigated. oral immunization with the single temperature-sensitive mutant e/1/3 or with a temperature-sensitive thymine-requiring double mutant (e/1/3t) conferred: (i) significant protection against the homologous wild-type salmonella strains; (ii) significant cross-protection toward high challenge doses of s. typhimurium. significant antibody levels against ...	2000	11024345
phage types of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated in south africa from 1991-1995.	a total of 615 strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se), received from 1991-1995 at the onderstepoort veterinary institute (ovi), were phage typed. most se isolates (54,7%) originated from poultry followed by humans (28,5 %) and poultry eggs (9,6 %). phage type 34 was the most prevalent (40,5 %) of all isolates, followed by phage type 4 (33,8 %). other phage types identified were 1, lb, 4a, 7, 7a, 9a, 14, 24, 24var and 35 (in total 2,4% of isolates). most isolates of se were recei ...	2000	11028749
estimating the annual fraction of eggs contaminated with salmonella enteritidis in the united states.	using available data on the occurrence of salmonella enteritidis (se) in us layer flocks and eggs, and a probabilistic scenario tree method, an estimate of the fraction of se-contaminated eggs produced annually is derived with attendant uncertainty. in lieu of a definitive prevalence survey, the approach presented here provides insight to the relative contribution of various pathways leading to contaminated eggs. a monte carlo model with four branches is developed. the first branch predicts the ...	2000	11028959
antimicrobial effect of rosemary extracts.	a rosemary extract commercially exploited (oxy'less) as an antioxidant of lipids in foods was dissolved in ethanol (100 mg/ml), and the solution was tested against foodborne microorganisms. for gram-positive bacteria, the mic of the ethanolic solution was 1% for leuconostoc mesenteroides, 0.5% for listeria monocytogenes, 0.5% for staphylococcus aureus, 0.13% for streptococcus mutans, and 0.06% for bacillus cereus. it slowed the growth of penicillium roquefortii and botrytis cinerea. up to 1% of ...	2000	11041135
effect of polyclonal anti-tnfalpha antibody on endotoxic shock in suckling rats.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) antibodies on the tnfalpha gene expression in a neonatal septic shock model. ten-day-old sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups and given intraperitoneal (ip) injection as follows: group 1: 0.1 ml saline; group 2: 0.1 mg/kg salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps); group 3: 1 mg/kg of anti-tnfalpha antibodies (ab); group 4: 0.1 mg/kg of lps and 1 mg/kg of ab. we found that in group 2 ...	2000	11044770
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a salmonella enteritidis antigen for differentiating infected from vaccinated poultry.	the specificity and sensitivity of indirect elisa, based on the use of four different antigenic extracts obtained from a clinical isolate of salmonella enteritidis, were compared with those obtained with the gm-flagellin based elisa (idexx). a total of 116 serum samples from salmonellae free, naturally infected and vaccinated hens were studied. the results showed that the indirect elisa, based on lipopolysaccharide (lps), o-polysaccharide (ps) or membrane sediment (sd) antigens, enable the ident ...	2000	11050744
a membrane-immunofluorescent-viability staining technique for the detection of salmonella spp. from fresh and processed meat samples.	a direct staining technique was investigated for the detection of viable salmonella in fresh and processed meats. the technique involved overnight enrichment in bpw, extraction of salmonella cells onto a polycarbonate membrane, followed by detection of the pathogen using anti-salmonella monoclonal antibody coupled with an antibody linked-fluorescent stain (texas red) and a viability stain (sytox green). the technique was applied to the detection of salm. enteritidis inoculated into broth culture ...	2000	11054161
elimination of early salmonella enteritidis infection after treatment with competitive-exclusion culture and enrofloxacin in experimentally infected chicks.	the effect of normal avian gut flora (nagf) and enrofloxacin administration on the early infection of young chicks by salmonella enteritidis (se) was determined using day-old white leghorn chicks. day- old chicks were divided into two groups, untreated control and nagf-treated, and then infected with 10(6) cfu of se per chick by oral gavage. the untreated, infected chicks were further divided into two groups and were either left untreated or medicated with a regimen of 10 mg/kg of enrofloxacin i ...	2000	11055845
enteric fever and other extraintestinal salmonellosis in university hospital, nottingham, uk, between 1980 and 1997.	the clinical spectrum of extraintestinal salmonellosis comprises enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) and invasive infections due to nontyphoidal salmonellae. this study describes the clinical spectrum, management and outcome of all confirmed cases of extraintestinal salmonellosis in patients admitted to university hospital, nottingham, uk, between 1980 and 1997. there were 142 cases (children, 42; adults, 100) of extraintestinal salmonellosis, of which 38 (children, 20; adults, 18) were ente ...	2000	11057501
two cases of pulmonary complications associated with a recently recognised salmonella enteritidis phage type, 21b, affecting immunocompetent adults.		2000	11057511
the pandemic of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 reaches utah: a complex investigation confirms the need for continuing rigorous control measures.	in 1995, salmonella enteritidis (se) cases in the state of utah increased fivefold. isolates were identified as phage type 4 (pt4). risk factors and sources of infection were investigated in two case-control studies, a traceback of implicated foods, and environmental testing. forty-three patients with sporadic infections and 86 controls were included in a case-control study of risk factors for infection. a follow-up case-control study of 25 case and 19 control restaurants patronized by case and ...	2000	11057952
results from the first computerised italian surveillance of human salmonella isolates. the italian salm-net working group.	we report all the first computerised data collected in italy for the surveillance of salmonella isolates. primarily, within the wide framework of the european community human salmonella surveillance project (salm-net), we report data on the most commonly isolated serotypes in italy from january 1994 to december 1996. in addition, we report all computerised data historically collected by some italian regions regarding the period 1980-1993. total data included in the italian salm-net data base acc ...	2000	11061625
salmonella enteritidis and aerobic mesophiles in inoculated poultry sausages manufactured with high-pressure processing.	salmonella enteritidis-inoculated poultry sausages were pressurized at 500 mpa by combining different times (10 and 30 min) and temperatures (50, 60 and 70 degrees c) or heat treated with the same temperature-time combinations and a standard cooking (75 degrees c for 30 min). counts of salm. enteritidis and mesophilic bacteria were determined. most pressure treatments generated statistically higher reductions than the corresponding heat treatments alone. lethalities of about 7.5 and 6.5 log cfu ...	2000	11069640
invasiveness of salmonella serotypes typhimurium and enteritidis of human gastro-enteritic origin for rabbit ileum: role of lps, plasmids and host factors.	an organ culture system involving explants of distal rabbit ileum was used to study the roles of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and plasmids in primary invasiveness for enterocytes in situ of strains of salmonella serotypes typhimurium and enteritidis. long-chain lps per se does not confer invasiveness on typhimurium, as known avirulent, hypo-invasive strains express smooth lps. however, the invasiveness of a naturally occurring rough isogenic derivative of salmonella serotype enteritidis pt 4 was abo ...	2000	11073155
[food poisoning outbreak due to the consumption of spaghetti a la carbonara caused by salmonella enteritidis].	this paper reports a clinico-epidemiological and microbiological investigation conducted into an outbreak of gastrointestinal infection due to salmonella enteritidis, where the most likely food vehicle was spaghetti a la carbonara.	2000	11075480
sublethal endotoxemia promotes pulmonary cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant expression and neutrophil recruitment but not overt lung injury in neonatal rats.	gram-negative sepsis and septic shock remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. respiratory failure is a common feature in neonatal sepsis regardless of the presence or absence of associated pneumonia. in adult animal models, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (cinc) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and believed to play a role in endotoxin-induced lung injury. we examined this in a neonatal model. ten-day-old sprague-dawley rats were injected with salmone ...	2000	11093012